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resources could be a possible issue. Another growth, but also helped domestic population in
challenge they faced was the search for suitable Tirupur. This project provided the first sewerage
investors for the project. As the project had no system in the town, which improved sanitary
definite outcome, it prevented them from readily conditions of households in town. It reduced waiting
investing in it. As there was no immediate short-term time for water collection from tankers, protected
profit for the contractor, there was no incentive for a groundwater exploitation, promoted agricultural
private company to take up this cause. So, in order to growth and provided extra opportunities for
overcome this challenge, the government of Tamil employment due to the growth of the textile industry
Nadu formed the Tamil Nadu Water Investment in this region. Waste water treatment facility was also
Corporation (TWIC) with IL&FS as an equity partner. introduced to enhance environmental quality in this
TWIC along with other private companies (Table 1) region. The poor, including slum dwellers had access
became responsible for the initiation, development to clean water and better sanitation facilities which
and implementation of the project. improved the health of families and increased their
Table 1: Parties in Tirupur PPP Water Project
productivity and capacity to work. Industries and
domestic users were benefitted by this project, and its
S. N. Stake Holders Function/Role beneficial effects were widespread. It also provided
Government Bodies dignity of life, particularly for women through private
1 New Tirupur Area Distribution of water in-house sanitation.
Development Corporation and revenue
Limited (NTADCL) (SPV) collection Importance:
2 Tirupur Assistance to SPV in
Municipality water distribution This case highlights the importance and success of
Private Bodies PPP projects in Tirupur, which serves as a guide to the
1 Mahindra Led Consortium BOOT Contractor policy makers and gives a new perspective and a
2 Tirupur Exporters Textile Firms direction for policy making in water sector. While
Association Representative looking at the impact of this project, it can be said
3 Infrastructure Leasing & Funding Agency that this type of PPP project can be done in different
Financial Services Limited
(IL&FS) parts of India, and can be successful. The Tirupur
4 Tacoma Area Coalition of Getting Approvals Area Development project serves as a model for
Individuals with Disabilities future PPPs in the water sector, where other
(TACID) municipalities are still struggling in this sector. Since
5 Financial Institutions Technical the main challenge of this project was the lack of
Reform and Expansion Assistance
(FIRE)
credible, private investors which would ensure the
6 S.B. Billimoria and Company External Auditors long term success of the project, it showed the way of
International Bodies successful PPP.
1 USAID Loan
Guarantor/Facilitator
Unique Aspects of the Project:
2 World Bank Long Term Aid First Water & Sanitation Project in the country to
Success Story: be implemented on a PPP format.
Under the project, facilities have been constructed to First water project in India to be funded on a
extract, treat and supply 185 MLD from the river Project Finance, non-recourse basis.
Cauvery. The project also includes construction of a Largest private investment in the Urban
sewerage system for Tirupur Municipality (TM) and Infrastructure sector.
onsite sanitation facilities for slums within TM .The Leverages State support by 19 times (Rs.550
waste water treatment system serves about 1,000 million of state financing helps raise over
textile units and 1.6 million residents of Tirupur and Rs.10000 million for the project).
the surrounding areas. 125 million litres of water is Provides a viable model for implementing other
consumed by the cotton knitwear industry, and 25 projects in the sector.
million litres by the Tirupur Municipality. Households Tamil Nadu is the first State in the country to set
in the town get water supply for two hours every up a PPP based institution in the sector, namely
alternate day, and lorries bring in water to textile Tamil Nadu Water Investment Company.
industries nearly seven to eight times a day. Dynamic
Beneficiaries of the Project:
pricing system was introduced for different service
users. Not only did the project promote industrial Industries 115 MLD
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TM Domestic 33.7 MLD http://growinginclusivemarkets.org/media/cases/Indi
Way side Villages 36.3 MLD a_NTADCL_2008.pdf, last accessed on 03 October
192 Rural habitations served 4,50,000 ( 2001 2013.
population census) IL&FS. 2005. Tirupur Water Supply Project. IL&FS,
Tirupur Municipality 4,50,000 (2001 Available at
Population census) http://www.ilfsindia.com/downloads/bus_rep/tirupur
Industrial Units covered 900 _watersupply_rep.pdf, last accessed on 03 October
Households with Sewerage Connections 2013.
22,300 (2005) / 31,000 (2014)
Further Readings:
Prepared By: Biranchi Narayan Panda, CIRC &
Kothandaraman, Prabakar, and K. Kumar. 2008. Water Aparna Mazumdar, Macalester College
for All: New Tirupur Area Development Corporation
Ltd. (NTADCL) UNDP. Available at
Monthly water tariff for Approximately Rs 350 per month (Please see Approximately Rs 85 per month (using the
households with water note below) same assumptions as in the case of before
connection NTADCL)
Access for poor people 600 public taps, with the same frequency of The public taps closed, and supply through
without household connection supply as the household connections. tankers every alternate day and expecting to
move to everyday supply at the earliest
possible time. The Tirupur municipality is
also expecting progress in regularizing
unauthorized layouts (many of the slums are
said to come under this category), which
legally prevents them from providing
household connections in these areas
Cost for poor people without Given that the public taps were supplying Given that there is free supply from
household connection only once per week, there could have been a municipality through tankers every alternate
very heavy dependence on private sources. day, the dependence on private sources
The cost could be similar to household with must have come down drastically, as
water connections. Actual expenses would evidenced by the near absence of water
have been in line with their ability to source related agitations in the town after the
from and pay to private suppliers. It is likely commissioning of the project. Corresponding
that the per capita consumption could have to these changes, the cost could have also
been well below the 90lpcd mark. Precise come down, since the share of supply from
estimates are difficult and would involve too private sources would have reduced. For the
many assumptions. same reason, per capita consumption could
have also improved. Precise estimates are
difficult and would involve too many
assumptions.
Sewerage Before NTADCL After NTADCL
Coverage No sewerage system 60% of the population in Tirupur
municipality targeted to be covered
Sources: UNDP: Water for All: New Tirupur Area Development Corporation Ltd. (NTADCL)
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