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Assignment 2 solutions
Question 1 (from 12.1, Q2, page 279, hint: refer to examples 12.1, 12.7)
Solution:
dx
nS 1 1 nS
1
x cos(nS x) 1
sin(nS x)
nS (nS ) 2
1
cos(nS ) cos( nS )
nS nS
2 cos(nS )
nS
2 2
OR Odd n and Even n
nS nS
2
OR ? bn (1) n
nS
2 f
cos(nS )
Hence the Fourier series f ( x) is
S
n 1 n
sin(nS x)
2 f
(1)n
OR
S
n 1 n
sin(nS x) .
(total 5 marks)
Question 2 (from 13.1, Q2, page 295, hint: refer to example 13.1)
k for 10 d x d 10
Given f ( x)
0 for x ! 10
Write the Fourier integral of the function f ( x) and determine what this integral
converges to.
Solution:
1 10 2k
S
Aw k cos( wt )dt sin(10w) if w z 0 ,
10 Sw
1 10
Bw
S
10
k sin( wt )dt 0
This converges to
k for 10 x 10
0 for x ! 10
k
for x 10 and x 10
2
(total 5 marks)
Question 3
(from 15.2, Q6, page 355, hint: refer to 15.2.2, examples 15.4 and 15.6)
Solution:
Let y ( x, t ) X ( x)T (t )
w2 y w2 y
4
wt 2 wx 2
w2 y 2 w y
2
2
wt 2 wx 2
XT cc 22 X ccT
X cc T cc
Take O where O is a constant.
X 22 T
X cc T cc
O
X 22 T
X cc O X 0 -----------(1)
T cc 22 OT 0 ----------(2)
y ( x, 0) X ( x)T (0) 0
T (0) 0
(1) X cc O X 0 gives
X A sin( x O ) B cos( x O ) where A and B are constants
22 n 2S 2
So, (2) Tncc Tn 0
52
2nS t 2nS t
gives Tn ( x) Cn sin Dn sin
5 5
for n 1, 2,3,... and Cn and Dn are constants.
2nS t
when T (0) 0 , 0 Dn , ?Tn Cn sin( )
5
nS x 2nS t
? yn ( x , t ) X n ( x)Tn (t )
An Cn sin sin
5 5
Let bn An Cn since An and Cn are both constants.
nS x 2nS t
? yn ( x, t ) bn sin sin
5 5
f
nS x 2nS t
? y ( x, t ) bn sin sin
n 1 5 5
wy
Now find bn which satisfies ( x, 0) g ( x) ,
wt
wy
since ( x, 0) X ( x)T c(0) g ( x)
wt
f
nS x 2nS t
then y ( x, t )
n 1
b
sin n sin
5 5
wy f 2nS nS x 2nS t
bn
wt n 1 5 5
sin cos
5
wy f
2nS nS x
( x, 0) bn sin
wt n 1 5 5
f
2nS nS x
g ( x) b
n 1
n
5
sin
5
1 5 nS x
bn
nS 0
g ( x) sin
5
dx
f
1 5 nS x nS x 2nS t
? y ( x, t )
n 1
nS 0 g ( x) sin 5 dx sin 5 sin 5
0 for 0 d x d 4
Given g ( x)
5 x for 4 d x d 5.
Use integration by parts to find bn ,
1 5 nS x
bn
nS
0
g ( x) sin
5
dx
1 5 nS x
5
5 5 nS x
(5 x ) Sn cos 4
cos dx
nS 5 4 S n 5
1 5 nS x
5
nS 4 5
2
cos sin
nS S n 5 S 2 n 2 5 4
1 5 nS 4 25 nS 4
cos 2 2 sin
nS S n 5 S n 5
5 nS 4 5 nS 4
2
cos sin
S n 5 S n 5
2
f
5 nS 4 5 nS 4 nS x 2nS t
? y ( x, t ) S
n 1
2 2
cos sin sin
n 5 S n 5 5 5
sin
(total 10 marks)
Question 4 (from 16.2, Q8, page 397, hint: refer to 16.2.2) - optional
A thin, homogeneous bar of length L has insulated ends and initial temperature B,
which is a positive constant. Find the temperature distribution in the bar.
u ( x, t ) X ( x)T (t )
un ( x, t ) X n ( x)Tn (t )
n 2S 2 kt
nS x
L2
u n ( x, t ) An cos Dn e
L
n 2S 2 kt
nS x L2
Let An Dn cn , un ( x, t ) cn cos e
L
Using the cosine Fourier series:
n 2S 2 kt
1 f
nS x
u ( x, t ) c0 cn cos e
L2
2 n 1 L
2 L nS x
cn
L 0
B cos
L
dx
L
2 BL nS x
sin 0
L nS L 0
n 2S 2 kt
1 f
nS x 1
So u ( x, t ) c0 cn cos e
L2
2B 0 B
2 n 1 L 2