Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination

Physics

The following list of data, formulae and relationships will be provided in the question papers for
candidates reference:
 List of data, formulae and relationships

Data

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J mol1 K1

Avogadro constant N A = 6.02 1023 mol1
acceleration due to gravity g = 9.81 m s2 (close to the Earth)
universal gravitational constant G = 6.67 1011 N m2 kg2
speed of light in vacuum c = 3.00 108 m s1
charge of electron e = 1.60 1019 C
electron rest mass m e = 9.11 1031 kg
permittivity of free space 0 = 8.85 1012 C2 N1 m2
permeability of free space 0 = 4 107 H m1
atomic mass unit u = 1.661 1027 kg (1 u is equivalent to 931 MeV)
astronomical unit AU = 1.50 1011 m
light year ly = 9.46 1015 m
parsec pc = 3.09 1016 m = 3.26 ly = 206265 AU
Stefan constant = 5.67 108 W m2 K4
Planck constant h = 6.63 1034 J s

Rectilinear motion Mathematics

For uniformly accelerated motion : Equation of a straight line y = mx + c

Arc length =r
v = u + at
1 Surface area of cylinder = 2rh + 2r2
s = ut + at 2
2 Volume of cylinder = r2h
v2 = u2 + 2as
Surface area of sphere = 4r2
4 3
Volume of sphere = r
3
For small angles, sin tan (in radians)

Astronomy and Space Science Energy and Use of Energy

GMm
U gravitational potential energy E illuminance
r A
P = T 4 Stefans law Q A(TH TC )
rate of energy transfer by conduction
f v t d
Doppler effect
f0 c 0
U thermal transmittance U-value
d
1
P Av 3 maximum power by wind turbine
2
Atomic World Medical Physics
1 1.22
m e vmax 2 hf Einsteins photoelectric equation Rayleigh criterion (resolving power)
2 d
1 me e 4 13.6 power
1
En 2 eV f
power of a lens
n 2 8h 2 02 n
energy level equation for hydrogen atom I
L = 10 log intensity level (dB)
I0
h h Z = c acoustic impedance
de Broglie formula
p mv I r ( Z 2 Z1 ) 2
intensity reflection coefficient
1.22 I 0 ( Z 2 Z1 ) 2
Rayleigh criterion (resolving power)
d I I 0 e x transmitted intensity through a medium
 energy transfer during heating Q1Q2
A1. E = mc T D1. F Coulombs law
and cooling 4 0 r 2
energy transfer during change Q electric field strength due to
A2. E = l m D2. E
of state 4 0 r 2 a point charge
V electric field between parallel plates
A3. pV nRT equation of state for an ideal gas D3. E
d (numerically)
1 l
A4. pV Nmc 2 kinetic theory equation D4. R resistance and resistivity
3 A
3RT
A5. E K = molecular kinetic energy D5. R = R 1 + R 2 resistors in series
2NA
1 1 1
D6. resistors in parallel
R R1 R 2
v p
B1. F = m force D7. P IV I 2 R power in a circuit
t t
force on a moving charge in a
B2. moment = F d moment of a force D8. F BQv sin
magnetic field
force on a current-carrying
B3. E P = mgh gravitational potential energy D9. F BIl sin
conductor in a magnetic field
1 2 0 I magnetic field due to a long
B4. E K = mv kinetic energy D10. B
2 2r straight wire
0 NI magnetic field inside a long
B5. P = Fv mechanical power D11. B
l solenoid

v2
B6. a 2r centripetal acceleration D12. N induced e.m.f.
r t
Gm1m2 V N ratio of secondary voltage to
B7. F Newtons law of gravitation D13. s s
r 2 Vp N p primary voltage in a transformer

D fringe width in
C1. y
double-slit interference E1. N = N 0 ekt law of radioactive decay
a
ln 2
C2. d sin n diffraction grating equation E2. t1 half-life and decay constant
2 k
1 1 1 activity and the number of
C3. equation for a single lens E3. A = kN
u v f undecayed nuclei

E4. E mc 2 mass-energy relationship