Recall ASCP 07- 08- Must to know Wayson stain= polar bodies of Y.

pestis
Needs long chain fatty acid- M. furfur Negative stain= capsule
Gram (-) diplococci; (+) lactose, maltose, dextrose, Gimenez = Rickettsiae
sucrose= N. lactamica Iodine stain = inclusion body with glycogen
Scotch tape method- E. vermicularis Wright/ Giemsa stain= Borrelia
No sugar fermented, gram (-) diplococci, Oxidase (+) =
Moraxella catarrhalis GRAM POSITIVE COCCI
RPR next test for Treponemes = FTA-ABS
Gram stain
Rotavirus specimen= stool
Resistant to Optochin= viridans streptococci Gram positive
cocci
Gliding motility- Capnocytophaga sp
Yellow smooth colony on EYA, AFB = M. gordonae
Catalase
(
Rapid grower AFB= Arylsulfatase (+)
Virulence factor for B. anthracis= capsule -
Streptococci or
Staphylococci
Novobiocin resistant test = differentiate)CNS
S. maltophilia difference from other NF gram negative rod Enterococci

= Oxidase (-), Dnase (+)
MRSA= 35C, 2% NaCl BAP, Vancomycin Tx
NFO, not fluoresce, non motile- B. mallei
Bile esculin HOH = group D Strep
P. aeruginosa like organism in cystic fibrosis= B. cepacia
Tube Coagulase test= free and bound
H. pylori= gastritis, rapid urease
Sheep blood agar= Streptococci
S. paratyphi= lysine (-), H2S (-)
Optochin, bile solubility = Strep. pneumoniae
Cryptospridium stain = Kinyoun AFB
PYR HOH = S. pyogenes , Enterococci
Walking pneumonia, resistant to antibiotics, without cell
SXT sensitive= Group C, F, G beta strep
wall= M. pneumoniae
CAMP and Hippurate HOH = Grp B strep
E. cloacae= indole (-), citrate (+), lysine (-), ornithine (+),
Modified Oxidase, OF test = Micrococcus
xanthine (+)
Catalase = 3% H2O2; Staph and Strep
Butchers cut, H2S (+), gram (+) rod, alpha hemolytic, non
motile= E. rhusiopathiae Dnase (+) = clear zone/pink zone ( S. aureus)
High risk to lab personnel- C. immitis Vancomycin resistant= Pediococcus and Leuconostoc
Motility of Listeria is seen at temp= room temp Dicks test = scarlet fever
Hair perforation test= T. mentagrophytes Abiotrophia = NVS ( Vit B6)
Fusiform macroconidia= Fusarium UTI = Staph. saprophyticus, Enterococci
Vancomysin (S), Penicillin (R)= MRSA Prosthetic heart valve inf.= S. epidermidis
CSF storage after inoculation= 35C # 1 skin, wound infection= Staph. aureus
Bile esculin positive spp = group D strep # 1 sore throat = Strep. pyogenes
Biochemical profile of Moraxella catarrhalis= Dnase (+), # 1 neonatal meningitis= Strep. agalactiae
tributyrin HOH (+), reduce nitrate, Oxidase (+) # 1 bacterial pneumonia, # 1 meningitis, # 1 otitis media =
Favic chandelier growth of molds= T. schoenleini Strep. pneumoniae
Modified acid fast stain = Nocardia spp
Microbiology QC
Daily = Oxidase, GS, Catalase
Weekly= Antibiotics, Biochem
Basic Bacteriology
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)= spillage d.
NALC = liquefy mucus
BSL III= M. tuberculosis
Autoclave- 121C at 15lbs/psi , 15-20 mins
HEPA filter, negative pressure - BSC
Pasteurization milk disinfection
Incineration waste disposal
 Modified TMA = VCN + trimethoprim \
GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI

CLASSIFICATION:
Smith and Browns Classification
2. beta streptococcus
Complete (Colorless zone)
S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, Grps C, F & G
Niacin test = Yellow (+) for M. tuberculosis
Red color (+) = Nitrate red., Tween 80 HOH,
Arylsulfatase test
MAC = AIDS mycobacterium
TCH susceptible= M. bovis
Arylsulfatase test= Rapid growers Mycobacteria
42C = M. xenopi
Swimming pool granuloma= M. marinum
3. Gamma streptococcus Potassium tellurite medium= Corynebacterium
no hemolysis ( no zone) Medusa head, bamboo, square end, ground glass=B. anthracis
E. fecalis, E. faecium, S. bovis Antibiotic associated enterocolitis- C. difficile
Terminal spore= Clos. tetani
GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI Lecithinase= Clos. perfringes
Gray to black colonies= Corynebacterium
Gram negative
cocci Double zone hemolysis= theta and alpha toxin

Growth on
Thayer-Martin
(

Botulinum toxin = canned goods
10u Penicillin disk test= B. anthracis
Gas gangrene= C. perfringes

Pathogenic
agar

Other
-

Blood culture contaminant- P. acne
SPS disk test = P. anaerobius

Neisseria spp.
)
Neisseria spp.

Oxidase test = Screen test for Neisseria

Catalase test (Superoxol) = 30% H2O2
Sugar Utilization test = Speciate Neisseria
Nasopharyngeal swab = Carrier of meningococci
SPS = inhibits Neisseria
Waterhouse Freidericksen = meningococci
Dnase test = Moraxella
JEMBEC system = transport for Neisseria
BAP and CAP= (+) growth N. meningitidis
CAP = (+) growth N. gonorrhea
Peptone yeast extract glucose (PYG)= anaerobes
GLC = analysis of acid prod. by anaerobes
BACTEC 9240/9120 = Fluorescence
Actinomyces= lumpy jaw
Brick red fluorescence= Veillonella, Prevotella
KV agar, KVC resistant, 20% bile= B. fragilis
Lactobacillus = Catalase (-), Doderlein bacilli
TB complex
Photochromogens Rapid growers

Gram Negative Bacilli

Scotochromogens

Methyl red test opposite reaction with VP test

Non photochromogens (MAC)
Non photochromogens (MTC)
PAD (+), Urease (+), LD (+)= tribe Proteeae
Oxidase negative = Enterics
Dnase (+) = Serratia
Yellow pigment = E. sakazakii
E. coli = bacteuria
Non motile = Klebsiella, Shigella, Tatumella
Sulfanilic acid, alpha napthylamine= NO3-NO2
Campylobacter = microaerophiles
Bile lactose media= enterics
H2S producer = Salmonella, Proteus, Edward.
Arizona, Citrobacter
ONPG = slow lactose fermenter
 Salmonella related to Citrobacter
Shigella related to E.coli
Travellers diarrhea= Enterotoxigenic E. coli
O129, Oxidase test = Vibrio and Aeromonas
Lysine (-), H2S (-) = S. paratyphi A
Rice water stool, string test (+) = V. cholerae
Green TCBS= V. parahemolyticus
Moellers medium = LOA test
Mineral oil on LOA medium= anaerobic
IMViC = E. coli vs Enterobacter, Klebsiella
Urease test= Helicobacter & Campylobacter Salmonella, Shigella, Serratia
Hippurate HOH = C. jejuni
Sorbitol (colorless) on MacConkey= O157:H7
Red (+) = Indole, MR, VP, Urease, NO3-NO2
Blue (+) = Citrate, Acetamide, Acetate,
Malonate Utilization test
Purple (+) = LOA, Hippurate, LIA, Oxidase
Yellow (+) = ONPG, TSI, V. cholerae TCBS
Coliforms (Rapid LF)

Non Fermentative Orgs ( NFO)

Growth on BAP & MacConkey
TSI = K/K
Oxidase test, Motility, O-F test, Pigment
Decarboxylation of amino acid (LOA)
TSI K/K= NFO except Shewanella (H2S)
OF medium = Inc. CHO, Dec. CHON
Oxidase (-) = Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter
MacConkey (-)=Eikenella,Kingella,Mora., Flavo
Pyocyanin (+), Grape like = P. aeruginosa
Arizona, Citrobacter Growth at 42C = P. aeruginosa, B. pseudomallei
Wrinkled colony= P. stutzeri, B. pseudomallei
Cetrimide agar = P. aeruginosa
Pits agar= Kingella, Eikenella
Oxidase and MacConkey = Acinetobacter
and Chryseobacterium
Swimmers ear, Burn, Nosocomial = P. aeruginosa
Cystic fibrosis P. aeruginosa, B. cepacia
Glanders, Non motile = B. mallei
Melioidosis = B. pseudomallei
Oxidase (-), Dnase (+) = S. maltophilia

P-M-P Group (Proteeae) O-F test

 Indicator: Bromthymol blue Inclusion body = Chlamydia
Positive: Acid (Yellow); Negative: No acid (Green) Giemsa/Wright stain = Borrelia ( relapsing fever)
Iodine stain = C. trachomatis (glycogen)
Metabolism Tube w/o oil Tube w/ oil O/F result
DFA = Chlamydia antigen
(open) (close
Vincents angina = Borrelia and Fusobacterium
Oxidative Yellow green +/- L forms, haverhill fever, rat bite fever, SPS sensitive = S.
Fermentative Yellow yellow +/+ monoliformis
Violet colony- Chromobacterium
Non Green green -/-
Whipples disease- Trophyrema
Fermentative
Granuloma inguinale = Callymatobacterium
Oroya fever, infects RBC = B. bacilliformis
PARVOBACTERIA Cat scratch dse= B. henselae
GRAM NEGATIVE COCCOBACILLUS Infects WBC , morulae body= Ehrlichia
FASTIDIOUS ORGANISMS Wall less, hemadsorption, PAP = M. pneumoniae
Haemophilus Fried egg, NGU, urease (+) A7 medium, T strain.=
Require X (hemin) and V ( NAD) Ureaplasma
Satellitism (H. influenzae) TWAR strain= Chlamydia pneumonia
Media of choice: CAP (horse blood) Tick transmit= Lyme, RMSF, Ehrlichia
X and V, Satellitisim = H. influenzae Chigger = Orientia tsutsugamushi (Proteus Ox-K )
Cysteine require= F. tularensis (BSL-III) Louse = Epidemic typhus
Thionine and Fuchsin = Brucella Rat flea = Endemic typhus
Oxidase, Urease, Motility= Bordetella DFA = Chlamydia antigen
(-) BAP, (-) Mac , (+) CAP = Haemophilus Fletchers = Leptospira
XV and V strips = H. parainfluenzae (V factor) Periodontal = Capnocytophaga
CAP= CSF Clue cell, HBTA, V agar, 10% KOH test = G. vaginalis
Porphyrin test = X factor require, Red (+), ALA Star like colony= Actinobacillus
Motile, Oxidase, Urease (+)= B. bronchiseptica Gliding motility- capnocytophaga
CO2, H2S, thionine inhibited= B. abortus
NOT inhibited by thionine-fuchsin= B. melitensis MYCOLOGY
Whooping cough = B. pertusis Hyphae and spore basic structure of fungi
Endocarditis, Castaneda = Brucella SDA general culture media
Epiglotitis, Meningitis,Otitis media, Pneumo.= Hib Czapeks medium Aspergillus
Soft chancre = H. ducreyi Germ tube & Chlamydospore= C. albicans
Safety pin, animal bite wound = Pasteurella Malassezia furfur Tinea versicolor
Pits agar, human bite wound = Eikenella Cell membrane target of ketoconazole, amphoteracin B
Intracellular = Brucella (undulant fever) Trichophyton skin, hair and nails
Francisella(deerfly fever) Hair Baiting test T. mentagrophytes
Tumbling motility at 25C = Listeria Red color and tear drop conidia T. rubrum
Butchers cut, H2S (+) , Catalase (+), Gram(+) rod = Favic chandelier (antler) T. schoenleinii
Erysiphilothrix Club shape macroconidia- Epidermophyton
BCYE, air conditioner, Pontiac f.= Legionella Coenocytic hyphae- Class Phycomycetes or Zygomycetes
Neonatal meningitis, still birth, food poisoning (cheese), Ascospore Saccharomyces cerevisiae
septic abortion = Listeria Niger (birdseed) seed agar (+) , urease (+), phenol oxidase (+),
Jaundice, urine of rat in flood = Leptospirosis India Ink = C. neoformans
Darkfield microscopy= spirochetes Germ tube & arthrospore-Geotrichum candidum
Hard chancre = Treponema Arthrospore Geotrichum, Coccidioides ,
McCoy = C. trachomatis Trichosporon, Aureobasidium
NGU, PID, Conjunctivitis, LGV = C. trachomatis Blastospores yeast
Weil-Felix = Rickettsiae Pseudohyphae- Candida,Geotrichum, Trichosporon
 Germ tube (+) C. albicans, C. stellatoidea VIROLOGY
Swab unsuitable for fungal culture 1. Ether resistant naked virus
10% KOH direct microscopic, clearing agent 2. Ether sensitive enveloped virus
Slide culture (microculture) - save media 3. Acid labile - rhinovirus
LPCB = common fungal stain 4. Acid stable - enterovirus
PAS = histologic fungal stain 5. Infantile diarrhea - rotavirus
Wright/Giemsa- H. capsulatum 6. Myxoviruses has H and N
Dematiaceous Phaeohyphomycosis agent 7. Hemagglutination/Hemadsorption -
Dichotomous branching hyphae-Aspergillus 8. Reyes syndrome- Chickenpox, influenza
Thrush, Diaper rash, Moniliasis- Candida Meningitis, 9. Bronchiolitis in children - RSV
encapsulated yeast-C. neoformans 10. Hepatitis Yellow fever, Hep B, CMV
Pink yeast, Urease (+), blastospore- Rhodotorula 11. Pancreatitis Mumps, Coxsackie B40 virus
Fusiform, sickle cell shape- Fusiform 12. Reservoir of Togavirus- birds
13. D-S RNA - Reovirus
Actinomyces- sulfur granules
14. S-S DNA - Parvovirus
Nocardia partial acid fast
15. TZANCK smear HSV and VZV
Macroconidia, microconidia- dermatophytes
16. Latent Infection - Herpesvirus
Sputum- common specimen systemic mycoses
17. Rubeola virus - measles
CHO assimilation- ID of yeast, free of CHO
18. Rubella virus german measles
BHIA dimorphic fungi
19. SSPE measles virus
High risk to lab personnel, spherule with endospore- C.
20. PML JC virus (polyoma)
immitis
21. Prion- Spongiform encephalopathy
Chloramphenicol and cycloheximide- Inhibitory agent for
22. Viroid- RNA (HDV)
mycosel/mycobiotic
23. Human embryonic fibroblast cell- CMV
Cigar shape, flowerlike, sleeves, asteroid- S. schenckii
24. PMKC, MDCK, hens egg- Influenzae
Pigeons droppings- C. neoformans
25. 5th disease - Parvovirus
Guanos, bats, starlings dropping- H. capsulatum 26. 4th disease Dukes disease
Granules, mycetoma- P. boydii 27. Kaposis sarcoma HHV-8
Sclerotic, chromomycosis- Fonsecae, Phialophora, 28. Filoviridae Marburg and Ebola
Cladosporium 29. Coronavirus SARS
Mariners wheel, multiple buds- P. brasiliensis 30. Influenzae virus H5:N1 ( birds flu)
Broad based budding yeast- B. dermatitidis 31. Use cotton, dacron, nylon swab virus
Fusiform macroconidia= Fusarium 32. Delay of 3 days= 4C (refrigerator)
33. Delay of 4 days= -70C not -20C
VIRUS 34. CPE tissue culture
Either DNA or RNA 35. 33C - rhinovirus
Obligate intracellular pathogen 36. Negative stain / gold, silver/ phosphotungstic acid
Filtrable agent; nanometer Electron microscope
Electron microscopy 37. Roller drum hold cell culture tube
Cell line or tissue culture DNA Viruses (HHAPPPy)
Not sensitive to antibiotic Herpesvirus 1. All are D-S DNA except
a nucleic acid genome (RNA or DNA) Hepadnavirus Parvovirus
Capsid - a protective protein coat Adenovirus 2. All are icosahedral except
Envelope - lipid derived from the host cell m. Poxvirus Poxvirus
Viral morphology ( electron microscope) Papovavirus 3. All are enveloped except PAP
Capsid symmetry Parvovirus (Papovavirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus)
o Icosahedral DNA, some RNA viruses 4. All multiply in nucleus except
o Helical RNA viruses Rule: RNA viruses
o Complex ( Poxvirus) 1. All are S-S RNA except Reovirus
2. All are enveloped except PCR - Picornavirus, Calicivirus,
Reovirus
3. All are non segmented except ROBA Reovirus,
Orthomyxovirus, Bunyavirus, Arenavirus
4. Generally helical except the positive sense RNA viruses
5. Positive Sense- Call Pico and Flo To Come Right
6. Negative Sense Pairing OF Rats at Bunnys Area