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Titration
performed by slowly adding
a standard solution from a Equivalence Point
buret to a solution of the amount T = amount A
analyte until the reaction
between the two is judged End Point - a physical
complete
change associated with the
volume of reagent needed to condition of chemical
complete the titration is equivalence occurs during
determined from the
difference between the titration
initial and final volume
readings Et = Veq - Vep
Volumetric Titrimetry
Indicator
often added to the analyte instruments to detect end
solution in order to give an points: voltmeters,
observable physical change ammeters, ohmmeters,
(the end point) at or near colorimeters, temperature
the equivalence point recorders and
refractometers
typical indicator changes:
appearance/disappearance weaker than the analyte,
of color, a change in color, kept at a minimum
appearance/disappearance amount, intensely colored
of turbidity and react last with the
titrant
Volumetric Titrimetry
1. Acid-Base 2. Precipitation
3. Complexometric 4. REDOX
Standardization of HCl
Exactly 50.00-g of HCl Analyte HCl
required 29.71-g of Standard Ba(OH)2
0.01963-Mw Ba(OH)2 to Indicator Bromocresol Green
reach an end point with Method Weight Titrimetry
bromocresol green Reaction Acid-Base Reaction
indicator. Calculate the Type of Standardization & Titration Method
weight molarity of the Secondary Standardization
HCl solution. Direct Titration Method
Given:
Molar Masses: 50.00-g HCl
HCl = 36.46 29.71-g 0.01963-MW Ba(OH)2
Ba(OH)2 = 171.36 Answer: 0.02333-MW
Exercise 6
A sample of copper Assay of Copper Ore
ore weighing 2.132-g is Sample Copper Ore
dissolved in acid and Analyte Copper
the copper is Method Coulometric Titrimetry
electrolyzed: Reaction Redox Reaction
Cu 2+ + 2 e- Cu Given:
If 8.04-min is required 2.132-g sample
for the electrolysis using 8.04-min - 2.00A
a constant current of Answer: 14.9%
2.00-A, calculate the
percentage of copper
in the ore.
Molar Mass: Cu = 63.54