GC woman university sialkot

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Lab report1

Subject :

Physical chemistry

Submitted to:

Mam Afia

Submitted by:

Shaherbano

Roll no:

(58)

Sub: calibration of glass ware.

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Theory:
The assumption of volume (either delivered or contained) for volumetric glassware is dependent
on the cleanliness of the surface. Although this is more important for TD (to deliver) glassware,
we must also be aware of the considerations of 'gunk' on the surface of TC (to contain) glassware
as well. The best insurance for accurate volumes is simply to insure that your glassware is clean.
For burets and pipets, cleanliness of the glassware is indicated by the absence of any 'water
beads' on the inside surface of the glassware. When the item is clean, the solution will exist in a
thin, unbroken film on the inside of the glassware. Typically, a brief soaking in a warm detergent
solution will be enough to clean pipets and volumetric glassware. You should avoid soaking the
glassware for too long, as if the glassware is left for too long with the detergent solution a rough
area is likely to develop at the glass/air interface, which may destroy the usefulness of the
equipment. After a brief (2-3 min.) soaking, the glassware should be rinsed thoroughly with tap
water, and finally 3-4 rinsings with distilled or deionized water should be done. A buret can be
easily cleaned by using a detergent solution and a 'buret brush', a long handled brush that is
designed to be able to reach the bottom of the buret. Rinse the buret thoroughly with tap water,
and follow with 3-4 portions of distilled or deionized water.Another check that you must do for
the buret is a leak check. Fill the buret with water, and check for leaks around the stopcock (the
valve at the bottom of the buret that you use to release the reagent. Allow the buret to stand for
several minutes, and make sure that the indicated volume remains constant. If you find a leak
check with the instructor for further instructions.

Apparatus:

Beaker

Volumetric flask

Pipette

Burette

Measuring cylinder

Procedure:

1. Burette:
Using temperature-equilibrated water, fill the burette past the 0 mL mark (be sure to record the

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temperature), insuring that no air bubbles are trapped in the tip. Give the water about a minute to

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drain, and then allow the water to drain to the 0.00 mL mark in your waste beaker. Touch the side
of the tip to the beaker to remove any water sticking to the tip. Replace the waste beaker with the
weighed 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask, (analytical balance) and slowly transfer 10 mL of water to
the Erlenmeyer flask (this should take about 1 minute.) Reweigh the flask (again using the
analytical balance) and calculate the volume delivered as you did for the pipette. Repeat this
procedure at least 2 more times, or until your delivered volumes are 0.02 mL. Once you get an
appropriate agreement between the 10 mL values, perform the same procedure for 20, 30, 40,
and 50 mL. Remember to allow the burette to drain at about 10 mL/min for all of these
determinations!

2. Flask:

Weigh empty, dry flask. Fill it with distilled water to mark. Weigh again. Mass difference is the
mass of water. Repeat 3-4 times.

3. Pipette:

Weigh empty, dry, closed weighing bottle. Pipette water into the bottle, close, weigh again. Mass
difference is the mass of water. Repeat 3-4 times.

In both cases use your results to calculate average mass.

Quite often single volume pipette and volumetric flask are used together - diluted sample is
pipetted from the flask to carry on separate titrations. To calculate sample size we have to
multiply titration result by the ratio of the flask volume and pipette volume. Instead of using each
time volumes of the pipette and flask it is easier and faster to use so called commensurability of
the flask and pipette - just divide flask volume by the pipette volume and use this number to
calculate original sample size.

Observations and calculations:

For Flask;

No.of serials W1(mg) W2(mg) W3(mg) Measured

volume(ml)
1 133.03 156.84 23.81 23.81
2 132.42 156.67 24.25 24.25
3 132.36 156.67 24.31 24.31
Mean = V1+V2+V3/3

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=23.81+24.25+24.31/3

=23.90ml

Error=+1.1ml

For Beaker;

Serial no. W1(mg) W2(mg) W3(mg) Measured

Volume(ml)
1 30.13 54.16 24.03 24.03
2 30.14 54.25 24.11 24.11
3 30.21 54.14 23.96 23.96
Mean=V1+V2+V3/3

=24.03+24.11+23.96/3

=24.03

Error =+0.97ml

For Cylinder;

Serial no. W1(mg) W2(mg) W3(mg) Measured

Volume(ml)
1 80.20 104.01 23.81 23.81
2 180.43 104.03 23.57 23.57
3 80.43 103.99 23.56 23.56
Mean=V1+V2+V3/3

=23.81+23.57+23.56/3

=24.60

Error=+0.40ml

Discussion:
According to result it can be noted that actual volume calculated were not equal to the volume

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predicted . the actual volume were less then the predicted volume this could be due to errors, the
result of instruments can be reported as: 23.90 +1.1 for flask and 24.03+0.97 for
beaker,24.60+0.40 for measuring cylinder. All the instruments were not precise in experiment
conducted, for precision is the repeatability of measured values of the same quantity. According
to our result the minimum error were found in case of measuring cylinder so it is more accurate
measuring glass ware then beaker and flask.

Result:

It was observed that the volume of various standardized was not accurate ,this to tell us that glass
ware in various lab were not accurately contain the volume prescribe on them unlike the
parameters like density and temperature of the substance are noted.
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