QUESTION BANK EOR TECHNIQUES

1. Discuss various factors, which affect displacement and recovery

efficiency in water flooding. 10
2. Discuss the Buckley-Leverett theory of frontal advance rate as
applicable to water flooding. Discuss its uses and limitations. 10
3. Describe the principle of condensing gas drive process with suitable
diagrams and various factors affecting recovery. 10
4. Explain with the help of suitable diagrams the dependence of areal
sweep efficiency on mobility ratio and spacing patterns. Discuss its
application with reference to water flood. 10
5. (a) Derive the equation for recovery calculations by Stiles method. 10
(b) Calculate the recovery from the following data using Stiles method:
Thickness of each of 3 layers = 1.00 m, permeabilities of the layers are
310, 187 and 63 md respectively, initial displaceable oil from the
reservoir at stock tank condition = 2000 m2. 10
6. Describe various spacing patterns used in water injection in the field.
Calculate the mobility ratio for a 5-spot water flood with the following
data: oil viscosity = 3 cp, water viscosity = 0.5 cp and relative
permeability to oil and water = 0.65 and 0.25 respectively 10
7. Starting from Darcys law for linear flow and neglecting capillary 10
pressure gradient, derive the Buckley-Leverett fractional flow formula
and give its uses and applications.
8. Write short notes on the following: 10
(a) Conformance factor, and (b) Injection and production well patterns
used in water flooding End-point mobility ratio
9. (a) Write down the Welges equation and discuss its application for 10
water flood recovery beyond breakthrough.
(b) Explain the phenomena of triple valued saturations and show its
interpretation for water flood recovery. 10
10. Derive the Buckley-Leverett frontal advance equation as applicable to 10
water flooding. Discuss its uses and limitations.
11. Describe various spacing patterns used in water injection in the field. 10
Calculate the mobility ratio for a 5-spot water flood with the following
data: oil viscosity = 3 cp, water viscosity = 0.5 cp and relative
permeability to oil and water = 0.65 and 0.25 respectively
12. Write short notes on: (a) Vertical and areal sweep efficiencies (b)
Volumetric sweep efficiency and Conformance factor with their
significance (c) Patterns used in water flooding (d) Displacement
efficiency and its dependence on various factors. 20
13. (a) Derive the equation for recovery calculations by Stiles method. 10
(b) Calculate the recovery from the following data using Stiles method:
Thickness of each of 3 layers = 1.00 m, permeabilities of the layers are
310md, 187md and 63md respectively; initial displaceable oil from the
reservoir at stock tank condition = 2000 m3. 10
14. Write short notes on the following: 20
(a) Pressure maintenance in a partial water drive reservoir
(b) Characteristics and performance of a gravity drainage reservoir
(c) Application of Welges equation for water flood recovery beyond
breakthrough
(d) Injection water quality
15. (a) What are different types of EOR techniques? Describe briefly with 10
their applicability.
(b) Write the equation for capillary pressure and explain this affects in
enhancing oil recovery.
16. (a) Explain the terms vertical sweep efficiency, areal sweep efficiency, 10
volumetric sweep efficiency, displacement efficiency and recovery
efficiency in water flooding.
17. (a) Derive the equation for recovery calculations by Stiles method. 10
(b) Calculate the recovery from the following data using Stiles method:
Thickness of each of 3 layers= 1.0m, permeabilities of layers are 310,
187 & 63 md respectively, initial displaceable oil from the reservoir at
stock tank condition = 2000m3.
18. What is Taber number? Give the equation with its significance. 10
(b) Calculate interfacial tension required for a linear water flood
experiment through a sandstone core for which the maximum pressure
gradient achievable was 0.8 psi/ft and the Taber number was 32
(psi/ft)/(dynes/cm).
(c) Calculate the mobility ratio for a 5-spot water flood with the
following data: oil viscosity = 3 cp, water viscosity = 0.5 cp and relative
permeability to oil and water = 0.65 and 0.25 respectively
19. Write short note on (a) conformance factor, (b) Volumetric sweep 10
efficiency (c) displacement efficiency (d) Flow stream and recovery
efficiency in 5-spot pattern and, (e) Capillary number.
20. Discuss the Buckley-Leverett theory of frontal advance rate as 10
applicable to water flooding. Discuss its uses and limitations.
21. Explain the phenomena of triple valued saturations and show its 10
interpretation for water flood recovery.
22. Following data are obtained from a water flood before breakthrough in a 10
5-spot pattern: Well spacing = 40 acres, Pay thickness = 15 ft, Porosity
 = 20%, Soi = 70%, Sor = 30%, Bo = 1.25rb/stb, o = 5cp kro = 0.75, w =
0.8cp, krw = 0.25, water injection rate = 200 rb/day. Calculate (a)
displaceable pore volume, (b) mobility ratio (M), (c) cumulative oil
recovery (stb) assuming sweep efficiency (Es) of 0.6 at this M, (d) time
of breakthrough and, (e) cumulative oil recovery after breakthrough at Es
= 0.9.
23. Explain the importance of injection water quality. Describe briefly 10
various sources of injection water. Explain how sea water or river
water could be treated before injection.
24. Describe briefly Dykstra Parsans Coefficient of Permeability 10
variation(V). Calculate sweep efficiency from the following data:
Krw = 0.4, Krw = 0.5, oil visc. = 1.2 cp, water visc. = 0.6 cp an
dV=0.7
25. Describe various types of spacing patterns with neat labelled 10
diagram the movement of displacement front in a typical 5-spot
pattern of water flood.
26. Write short notes on: (a) Taber number and its significance, (b) 10
Relationship of areal sweep efficiency with mobility ratio for 5-spot
pattern (c) volumetric sweep efficiency, (d) Sources of i9njection
water, and (5) critical capillary number
27. Describe with neat labelled diagrams the procedure and 10
mechanism of alcohol flooding giving screening criteria and
limitations.
28. Write short notes on rheology of polyacrylamide and 10
polysaccharide polymer solutions, resistance factor, residual
resistance factor and screen factor as applied to polymer flood
evaluation.
29. Explain the following (a) Role of mobility ratio on enhanced oil 10
recovery, (b) Effect of capillary number on residual oil saturation,
(c) Effect of temperature on minimum miscibility pressure of CO2 ,
and (d) Reverse combustion
30. Write short notes on surfactant flooding and steam flooding 20
31. List various types of thermal methods of EOR. Describe the 20
principle of steam stimulation, Forward(dry) in-situ and
COFCAW(wet) in-situ combustion processes with neat labelled
diagrams. Explain also how the reverse combustion process
differs from Forward combustion.
32. Discuss miscible flood by injection of CO2. 10
33. What do you understand by in-situ combustion? Discuss all 10
aspects in brief.
34. Describe briefly the principle of polymer flooding. Explain the role 10
of rheological properties and adsorption characteristics.
35. List various types of EOR techniques used in oil industry. 10
Describe briefly with neat sketches various well spacing patterns
used in water injection program.
36. Describe a typical ternary phase diagram of methane 10
intermediate hydrocarbons crude oil system and explain, with its
help, the mechanism of enriched gas miscible drive process.
37. Write short note on alkaline surfactant flooding. 10
38. Write short note on LPG miscible flooding. 10
39. Discuss the influence of reservoir characteristics, nature of 10
displacing and displaced fluids, and arrangement of production
and injection wells in EOR.
40. What is the Buckley-Leverett principle? Derive the fraction of the 10
flowing stream in a frontal drive mechanism during water flooding
41. (a) What are the important factors which influence the design of a 10
polymer flood? (b) Discuss the conditions under which micellar
polymer flood is used in EOR process.
42. Outline the problems associated with the operation of a water 10
flood project. How could those be remedied?
43. Discuss the mechanism of thermal flooding in an oil reservoir. 10
What factors influence in the choice of the method? Bring out the
relative significance of various mechanisms contributing to the
recovery efficiency.
44. Explain the principle of in-situ combustion. Discuss the method of 20
calculation of air requirement for the process.
45. Discuss the mechanism of in-situ combustion process used as an 20
EOR method in heavy oil reservoir. What are the important
factors which influence the design of an in-situ project?
46. Define mobility ratio during a displacement process. How does 10
the mobility ratio affect sweep efficiencies? Also define and
explain relevance of displacement efficiency and sweep
 efficiency.
47. Name various types of miscible flood method. Describe in detail 10
any one method.
48. Write short notes on any two of the following: 20
(a) alcohol flooding
(b) microbial EOR
(c) Forward in-situ combustion
49. Discuss screening criteria and adsorption of polymer and 10
surfactant during flooding in the reservoir.
50. For a reservoir with water flooding using 5-spot pattern (sweep 10
efficiency =0.6), the saturation, permeability and viscosity data
are given as below:
Swi = 0.20, oil visc. = 0.4 cp, water visc. = 0.3 cp, Krw (Sw*)3, Kro
= (So)3/(1-Swi)3, where Sw* = (Sw-Swi)/(1-Swi)
Calculate the recovery at breakthrough.