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4. Communication also helps in socializing. In todays life the only presence of another
individual fosters communication. It is also said that one cannot survive without
communication.
Personalities
Organizational strife is sometimes traced to "personalities." This is one person
differing with another based simply on how he or she feels about that person.
Solution: Train everyone to recognize the personality types along with their
inherent strengths and weaknesses so that they understand each other.
Sensitivity/hurt
This occurs when a person, because of low self-esteem, insecurity, or other
factors in his or her personal life, sometimes feels attacked by perceived
criticism or other interpersonal directness.
Solution: Adopt the empowering belief that even negative behaviours have a
positive intention. Use active listening and questioning techniques to
understand the root cause of the problem. Adjust your communication to match
the needs of the other person.
Solution: Management must set and communicate the values hierarchy for the
organization.
Solution: Management must set and communicate the values hierarchy for the
organization.
Solution: Management must set and communicate the values hierarchy for the
organization.
Misunderstanding
The majority of what looks like interpersonal conflict is actually
communication breakdown. Communication, if not attended to with care, is as
likely to fail as to succeed. And when it does, a listener's incorrect inferences
about a speaker's intent often create inter- personal conflict.
Unfulfilled expectations
Many of the causes listed above contribute to one person not fulfilling the
expectations of another. Unfulfilled expectations are the ultimate cause of
divorce, firings, and other forms of relational breakdown. The major reason that
expectations go unfulfilled is that they are unreasonable, inappropriate, too
numerous, or unstated.
So what to do to build trust? Tell the truth. Communicate your reasoning to those you lead.
Be approachable. Demonstrate competence. Be hopeful, positive, and confident about the
future. Communicate consistently and repeatedly. And make sure your body language
underscores trust.
munication -:)
Subject of
Oral communication Written communication
Difference
Good relationship is
Good relationship is created
impossible here because
Relation between sender and receiver
sender and receiver are
because of personal touch.
isolated to each other.
It is a time-consuming method
Such communication takes because more time is required
Time factor less time to send messages to get the message ready and
orally. communicate it to the
receiver.
Such communication is
Such communication is
applicable to the literate and
IX Applicable applicable only to the literate
illiterate receiver of the
receivers.
message.
Difference between oral and written communication mention above is not all, we provide
here most common and important difference between oral and written communication. There
are more difference between oral and written communication.
The following steps can help to overcome communication barriers in business that are
affecting business enterprises. Communication Barriers in Business Change in organizational
structure: Business concerns in Bangladesh should design flat structure which has few
hierarchical levels. This will reduce
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Oral communication is more It is less flexible land therefore
flexible.! It can be easily changed takes time to bring any change in
and adjusted. the contents of the message.
Such communication is less
expensive because it does not It is costly because pen, paper, ink,
Cost factor require pen, paper, ink, printing printing materials are required to
materials etc, to get the message get the message ready.
ready for transmission.
Here immediate feedback is Feedback is delayed in written
Feedback
possible communication.
It is a time-consuming method
Such communication takes less because more time is required to
Time factor
time to send messages orally. get the message ready and
communicate it to the receiver.
It is the formal, method of
Oral communication offers the
Basis communication because it is done
basis for informal communication.
in writing.
Such communication is applicable
Such communication is applicable
IX Applicable to the literate and illiterate receiver
only to the literate receivers.
of the message.
Various formalities are followed
Such communication can be here and therefore involves a
Starting
started instantly formal process to start such
communication.
Once the message is posted, it is
Correction is easily possible here
beyond the reach, of the sender to
Correction because sender and receiver face
correct the information if any
direct communication.
mistake is found lateron.
Universality It has no world- wide acceptance. It
These barriers exist because we put them there. There are many ways we interpret
information given to us by others, and these cause us to have a mis-alignment of
understanding. How can we reduce the barriers that effectively blind us to meaning and
comprehension? Here are seven ways:
1) Understand others see things differently to you. Try to predict the feelings and attitude
of the receiver. What will their expectation be? What about their state of mind when you are
communicating? What prejudices might they have? If you know these things before
communicating, you reduce the risk if misinterpretation.
2) Get feedback from the receiver. Dont just ask, Do you Understand?. They will more
often than not say yes because they see things in the way they want to understand it. Ask
instead what is their understanding of the message, and how they see it.
3) As often as possible, speak face-to-face. This will allow for questions and, most
importantly, allow you to see the body language, which will convey much more meaning than
over the phone or through email.
4) Use language that fits the audience. Dont try to impress by using language and words
that may be distorted by the listener(s). It simply makes them confused and inadequate. Plus,
they wont be listening to you while they try to work out what on earth you are on about.
5) Use the right communication channel. Dont send an email if its quicker to pick up the
phone or go and talk to the person. Use email for its proper purpose. We are rapidly losing the
art of conversationdont add to that by using the wrong channel.
6) Have integrity and honesty in your communications. If you are seen as being someone
who lacks integrity, this will immediately be noticed and even more barriers will be built up
between you and the listener.
7) Make it easy for others to listen to you. Make your communication style that one of a
conversationalist, one who is able to make a point quickly, succinctly and with conviction. If
your key message is lost in the morass of a thousand words, people will wonder what you
mean and what the purpose is. Clarity and brevity are the watchwords.
Be aware that barriers exist in every contact, and it may not be possible for you to ensure
clarity every time, because others will have their own subconscious agenda. By following the
above ideas you certainly reduce the risk of barriers interrupting the key messages you want
to make.
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Presentation
When a message has too much information, or when it is conveyed in a way that the receiver
cannot understand, then that message is ineffective, according to the online employment
resource Mind Tools. Communication needs to be condensed down to essential facts and then
put into a form that the receiver can understand in order for it to be effective. Once the
message is received and understood, then a detailed discussion regarding the topic can begin.
People are sent a variety of messages all day long. In order to help your message be
understood you need to learn how to properly format it and present it.
Channels
A communication system is only as effective as its ability to deliver the message, according
to the educational resource Management Study Guide. The structure of an organization has a
profound effect on the effectiveness of organizational communication. By creating clear
communication channels that are understood and upheld by the entire organization, you can
significantly increase the effectiveness of your company's communication.
Completeness
According to Entrepreneur.com, in order for a message to be effective it needs to be
complete. While it is important to keep your message concise, you also need to be certain that
all pertinent information is included each time you communicate. Prepare to have a
discussion with someone by studying the topic at hand. This will allow you to be able to
present all of the information needed to get a resolution.
Medium
Effective communication is done through the right mediums. If it is a short and quick
message, then a written medium such as a memo or email would be sufficient. Topics that
require longer and more detailed discussion should be done in person or over the phone.
Choosing the wrong medium can cause problems with message retention. Discussing the
details of a contract in person without using a written back-up means that the information
may get lost or forgotten. Selecting the right communication medium has an influence on the
effectiveness of a communication.
Kinesic Communication
Kinesic communication is communicating by body movement and is perhaps the most well-
known non-verbal form of communication, although it is not the only way to talk with others
without words.
Body posture
The way that the body is held can communicate many different messages.
An open body that takes up a lot of space can indicate comfort and domination, whilst a
closed-in body that makes itself small can signal inferiority.
Copying of the other person's body shows agreement, trust and liking.
Gestures
When we communicate with others, we look mostly at their face. This is not a coincidence as
many signals are sent with the 90-odd muscles in the face. The way the head tilts also
changes the message.
The eyes are particularly important, and when communicating we first seek to make eye
contact. We then break and re-establish contact many times during the discussion.
Eyebrows and forehead also add significant signals, from surprise to fear to anger.
The mouth, when not talking can be pursed, downturned or turned up in a smile.
Notices can vary in how many people they are aimed at. This is
because they primarily function as a way of informing or making people aware of
upcoming news, events or actions. For example, you may use a notice to make
all of your employees aware of what the company will be doing in the upcoming
year. However, you could also issue a notice to a particular department instead
to inform them of news that is only relevant to them. These can also be in the
form of posters of handouts, but could also appear in a mass email that is sent
out to the particular audience.
Most meetings are used to discuss, to inform, to decide, to organise or to plan. They can be
used to coordinate activities, clarify objectives, and evaluate information and they are helpful
in solving problems and generating new ideas. Meetings are costly so as the Chairperson its
your responsibility to ensure that time is not wasted at such sessions through good planning.
It might be your first time to Chair a meeting, or youve being chairing meetings without
achieving much results and so youre also asking What Should I Do As Chair Of A
Club/Committee Meeting?
In this presentation, I will seek to succinctly outline some the fundamental roles,
responsibilities of the Club President, Committee Chair during meetings.
Many of us have experienced the frustration of wasting valuable time at ineffective meetings.
While ineffective meetings gobble up valuable time and decrease team productivity, effective
meetings can greatly contribute to a team's success. Team success, in turn, contributes to the
success of the organisation.
Meetings can be a very powerful communication tool and can improve productivity within
any organization be it Rotaract, LEO, Scouts, etc. As with tools, there are certain procedures
and techniques you can use to maximise its effectiveness and productivity.
Productive meetings don't just happen, a lot of behind-the-scenes work must be carried out.
One of the principal factors that contribute to productive meetings is well-clarified and
communicated roles.
The four basic meeting roles present within any meeting be it a regular club meeting, board
meeting, special meeting, fact-finding meeting will include:
Chairperson: determines the meeting objectives and plans, and is responsible for the
overall direction of the meeting.
Facilitator: manages how people work together in the meeting, helps meeting
participants clear up conflicts, and solve problems quickly.
Recorder: keeps track of the vital information from the meeting and keeping it
visual, makes sure the information is accurate, and helps to distribute it among
participants.
The focus of each role is different, and usually a different person is assigned each role.
Sometimes, depending on the kind of meeting, one person may perform multiple roles.
However, the Chairperson role and the Recorder role should be performed by different team
members.
Schedules meeting
Follow the agenda and keeps the meeting focused on agenda items
Retain the power to stop whats happening and change the format
Make the most of talent present - ask questions to draw out people with talent and
experience
Allow time to hear experts (if present) points of view but allocate time with clear
directions, for example, "We have five minutes to hear the technical reasons why we
should support this.
For important issues when time is limited set up a sub-committee to collect facts,
review the situation, and prepare recommendations to be considered at the next
meeting.
Close the meeting on time and on a positive, appreciative and graceful mode.
Improve each meeting - aim to make each meeting better than the last by analysing
what it achieved.
Carry out the "post mortem" when you can still remember details of what happened.
Get informal, objective feedback from the participants the meeting and make a note
to correct any inadequacies.
Follow up on agreed commitments - if you want action taken make sure it is perfectly
clear who is responsible to carry out the tasks recommended by the meeting.
I trust the above guidelines will help the Club President, Committee Chair or any Meeting
Leader improve the quality of meetings organised.
What Is the Importance of a Company's
Financial Statements?
by Jay Way, Demand Media
A companys financial statements provide various financial information that investors and
creditors use to evaluate a companys financial performance. Financial statements are also
important to a companys managers because by publishing financial statements, management
can communicate with interested outside parties about its accomplishment running the
company. Different financial statements focus on different areas of financial performances.
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Financial Conditions
A companys financial conditions are of a major concern to investors and creditors. As capital
providers, investors and creditors rely on a companys financial conditions for both the safety
and profitability of their investments. More specifically, investors and creditors need to know
where their money went and where it is now. The financial statement of balance sheet
addresses such issues by providing detailed information about a companys asset investments.
The balance sheet also lists a companys outstanding debt and equity components, and so
debt and equity investors can better understand their relative positions in a companys capital
mix.
Operating Results
Financial conditions shown in the balance sheet are snapshots of a companys assets,
liabilities and equity at the end of a financial reporting period; they dont reveal what
happened during the period from operations that may have caused changes to financial
conditions. Therefore, operating results during the period also concerns investors. The
financial statement of income statement reports operating results such as sales, expenses and
profits or losses. Using the income statement, investors can both evaluate a companys past
income performance and assess the uncertainty of future cash flows.
Related Reading: What Are the Four Financial Statements That Must Be Prepared for a
Business Entity?
Cash Flows
A companys profits reported in the income statement are accounting income and most likely
contain certain non-cash elements, providing no direct information on a companys cash
exchange during the period. Moreover, a company also incurs cash inflows and outflows
during a period from other non-operating activities, namely investing and financing. To
investors, cash from all sources, not just accounting income from operations, is what pays
back their investments. The importance of the cash flow statement is that it shows the
exchange of cash between a company and the outside world during a period, and so investors
can know if the company has enough cash to pay for expenses and asset purchases.
Shareholders Equity
The statement of shareholders equity is especially important to equity investors because it
shows the changes in various equity components, including retained earnings, during a
period. The amount of shareholders equity is a companys total assets minus its total
liabilities, representing the companys net worth. A steady growth in a companys
shareholders equity by way of increasing retained earnings, as opposed to expanding
shareholder base, means the accumulation of investment returns for current equity
shareholders.
Summary:
The Internet, extranets, and intranets all rely on the same TCP/IP technologies. However, they
are different in terms of the levels of access they allow to various users inside and outside the
organization and the size of the network. An intranet allows for restricted access to only
members of an organization; an extranet expands that access by allowing non-members such
as suppliers and customers to use company resources. The difference between the Internet
and extranets is that while the extranet allows limited access to non-members of an
organization, the Internet generally allows everyone to access all network resources.
Most people dont realize that listening is a skill in itself, and it can be a difficult one to
master. Poor listening skills can lead to misinterpretation of emotion, fact or even motive.
People with strong listening skills have an advantage in building relationships and learning
new information. Luckily, like any other skill, listening habits can be improved through
practice.
Good listeners support the speaker by providing him with some kind of positive
reinforcement. This can come in many forms. A quick encouraging phrase like Thats very
interesting can do much to support the speakers confidence, thus making for more engaging
communication. Asking the speaker for clarification regarding certain details his story can
also demonstrate interest and provide encouragement. A good listener must strive to actively
support the speaker.
Looking the speaker directly in the eyes as he delivers his message is essential to good
communication. Looking away from the person speaking to you can send the nonverbal
message that your mind is elsewhere, and the conversation can suffer. Also, its important to
take note of the speakers body movements and gesture as he delivers his message. Keeping
track of a persons nonverbal cues can help you to fully understand his message. Sometimes a
simple hand gesture can dramatically alter the meaning of the actual words being spoken, and
if you were busy staring off into space youd miss this important part of the message.
Convey Interest
Its not enough to offer the speaker an occasional word of encouragement. Good listeners
provide constant feedback in the form of non-verbal encouragement. Friendly head-nods,
well-placed smiles and a confident, inviting posture can do much to convey your undivided
attention and bolster the speakers confidence. An appropriate level of laughter at just the
right time, or a genuine, commiserate frown, can demonstrate empathy with the speakers
story.
Defer Rebuttal
A good listener defers rebuttal until the speaker has said his piece. While a person is still
speaking, you should do nothing other than to absorb and empathize with what hes trying to
say. Mentally preparing counter-arguments while the person is still speaking cannot only
prevent you from understanding the full message, but also betray your inattentiveness via
non-verbal cues. Whether you agree with the message or not, its important to wait until the
speaker has finished talking before you respectfully offer your two cents
Advantages of Facebook
2)Facebook for Networking: Facebook helps you connect and share with the
people in your life. You can connect and find your old school friends and college
friends also you can connect with your relatives . Also Facebook have billions
users so you can make new friends on Facebook from different areas of world.
You can connect with people by using Facebook chat, messages, poke, group
etc. By using Facebook as network you can improve your relationship and you
can do date with interested people. So any one can take advantage of Facebook
to maintain relationship.
4)Facebook video chat and Facebook as image and video hosting :You
can do Facebook video chat with your friends, relatives by using Facebook as
video chat tool. Facebook have in built video chat app partnership with skype.
Also you can take advantage of Facebook as image and video hosting site. You
can make your own albums of your images or collection of your videos and you
can share it as public or keep it privately by using Facebook privacy.
Facebook is well designed website so it can keep users busy for long time.
Facebook provides app store and free gaming facilities. where we can use
thousands of Facebook application and play different games with your
friens freely.
Facebook like button keep in touch to user to every other website. with
this single like button you can bring everything inside Facebook world.
Now days most of the site now allows a user to login at their site by using
Facebook Login ID. So if you have Facebook login id than you dont need to
waste your time for registering other website.
You can use Facebook as news and information source. Thus Facebook
have many advantages which make Facebook best.
Disadvantages of Facebook:
Disadvantages of facebook
1) Fake profiles and ids: Fake profile is one of main disadvantage of Facebook.
Many people use fake profile for cheat, harass someone they dont like.
3) Facebook privacy: If you dont use Facebook privacy proper way it causes
affect on your personal information which you provide to Facebook. Also due to
lack of understanding people make mistakes with privacy.
4) Not using Facebook list features: by using this service you can update
status to specific targeted friend list, like office friend, college friend and so on.
But many users still dont use this application . so this is also one disadvantage
of Facebook.
Thus Facebook have also disadvantages which could be harmful to user. so you
have to use Facebook carefully to avoid this disadvantages.