Spreadsheet Problem Solving for ChE Faculty

Triple-effect Evaporator Design

D. E. Clough 1/19/98

Basic Data

Feed Flow Rate: 6.93 kg/s

Feed Composition: 0.14 mass fraction NaOH
Feed Temperature: 21 degC

Product Composition: 0.47 mass fraction NaOH

Steam Temperature: 164 degC

Final Vapor Condensation Pressure: 2 psia

& Equilibrium Temperature: 39 degC

Overall Material Balance

Flow Rate [kg/s]
Stream Total NaOH Water

Feed 6.93 0.97 5.96

Product 2.06 0.97 1.09

Water Evap. 4.87 or 4.87

Boilups in the Effects

Evaporation
Effect [kg/s]
----------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------ Values from Linear Set of Enthalpy Equations
1 #VALUE!
2 #VALUE!
----------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------
3 4.866
[this from material balance]

Compositions in the Effects

Composition Feeds
Effect [mass fraction NaOH] [kg/s]

1 0.14 6.93
2 0.14 6.93
3 0.47 2.06
[this last entry should confirm basic data]

Boiling Point Elevations in the Effects

Boiling Point Elevation
Effect [degF] [degC]

1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
2 #VALUE! #VALUE!
3 #VALUE! #VALUE!

Temperature Drops

Total temperature drop: 125.3 degC

Sum of elevations: #VALUE! degC
Net temperature drop: #VALUE! degC
Solver Entries: Temperature Drop
Temperature Drop
Effect [degC]
----------------------------------------------------- ------------------ -----------------------------------
Solver adjusts 1
these 2 0.00 Sum of Adjustable Delta-T's
----------------------------------------------------- ------------------ -----------------------------------
3 #VALUE!
[this last one computed by difference]

Temperature Summary
Solution Saturation Heat Transfer Coefficient
Effect Temperature Temperature Effect [W/(m2 K)]
[degC] [degC]
1 4500
1 164.3 #VALUE! 2 2000
2 #VALUE! #VALUE! 3 600
3 #VALUE! #VALUE!

Effect 1

Stream Properties
No
Stream Temp. Sat.Temp. Comp. Superht. Enthalpy Flow Enthalpy Rate

Steam 164.30 164.30 -- -- #VALUE! 3.19 #VALUE!

Feed 1 21.00 -- 0.14 -- #VALUE! 6.93 #VALUE!
Vapor 1 164.3 #VALUE! -- #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.00 #VALUE!
Cond 1 164.30 -- -- -- #VALUE! 3.19 #VALUE!
Feed 2 164.3 -- 0.14 -- #VALUE! 6.93 #VALUE!
#VALUE!
Duty: #VALUE! kW
Temperature Drop: 0.0 degC
Area: #VALUE! m^2

Set of Simultaneous Enthalpy Balance Equations

ws e1 e2 const soln

#VALUE! #VALUE! 0.00 #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Effect 2

Stream Properties
No
Stream Temp. Sat.Temp. Comp. Superht. Enthalpy Flow Enthalpy Rate

Vapor 1 164.3 #VALUE! -- #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.00 #VALUE!

Feed 2 164.3 -- 0.14 -- #VALUE! 6.93 #VALUE!
Vapor 2 #VALUE! #VALUE! -- #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.00 #VALUE!
Cond 2 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.00 #VALUE!
Feed 3 #VALUE! -- 0.14 -- #VALUE! 6.93 #VALUE!
#VALUE!
Duty: #VALUE! kW
Temperature Drop: 0.0 degC
Area: #VALUE! m^2

Effect 3

Stream Properties
 No
Stream Temp. Sat.Temp. Comp. Superht. Enthalpy Flow Enthalpy Rate

Vapor 2 #VALUE! #VALUE! -- #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.00 #VALUE!

Feed 3 #VALUE! -- 0.14 -- #VALUE! 6.93 #VALUE!
Vapor 3 #VALUE! #VALUE! -- #VALUE! #VALUE! 4.87 #VALUE!
Cond 3 #VALUE! -- -- -- #VALUE! 0.00 #VALUE!
Product #VALUE! -- 0.47 -- #VALUE! 2.06 #VALUE!
#VALUE!
Duty: #VALUE!
Temperature Drop: #VALUE!
Area: #VALUE!

Summary of Areas

Effect Area (m^2)

ft2
1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
2 #VALUE! #VALUE!
3 #VALUE! #VALUE! Variance of Areas: #DIV/0!
Total #VALUE! #VALUE!

Steam Summary

Steam Consumption: 3.19 kg/s

Overall Economy: 1.53

Economy-per-effect:

Effect Economy

1 0.00
2 #DIV/0!
3 #DIV/0!

Capital Cost $400,000 1990 index 1.28 CPI

$511,370 1997 index

Operating Costs Steam Cost

Steam $388,443 per year $1.5 per 1000 lb 1990.00
$1.9 per 1000 lb 1997.00
Cash Flow 1998 ($511,370) 3.19 kg/s
1999 ($388,443) 202563 Mlb/yr
Cost of Capital 2000 ($388,443)
10% 2001 ($388,443)
Inflation 2002 ($388,443)
3% 2003 ($388,443)
NPV 2004 ($388,443)
($2,634,711) 2005 ($388,443)
2006 ($388,443)
2007 ($388,443)
2008 ($388,443)
($4,395,797)
 Property Tables

Table Interpolation

Boiling Point Elevation

Composition Boiling Pt. Elev.

(mass fraction) (degF)

0.00 0.00
0.10 4.00
0.20 14.00
0.30 25.00
0.35 35.00
0.40 47.00
0.45 65.00
0.50 75.00
0.55 88.00
0.60 100.00
0.65 120.00
0.70 138.00

data from McCabe, Smith & Harriott, p. 421

Page 4
 Property Tables

Table Interpolation

Steam and Condensate Enthalpy

Index Temperature Vapor Enthalpy Liquid Enthalpy Index

degF degC BTU/lbm kJ/kg BTU/lbm kJ/kg

1.00 90.00 32.2 1100.9 2560.7 57.99 134.9 1.00

2.00 95.00 35.0 1103.1 2565.8 62.98 146.5 2.00
3.00 100.00 37.8 1105.2 2570.7 67.97 158.1 3.00
4.00 110.00 43.3 1109.5 2580.7 77.94 181.3 4.00
5.00 120.00 48.9 1113.7 2590.5 87.92 204.5 5.00
6.00 130.00 54.4 1117.9 2600.2 97.90 227.7 6.00
7.00 140.00 60.0 1122.0 2609.8 107.89 251.0 7.00
8.00 150.00 65.6 1126.1 2619.3 117.89 274.2 8.00
9.00 160.00 71.1 1130.2 2628.8 127.89 297.5 9.00
10.00 170.00 76.7 1134.2 2638.1 137.90 320.8 10.00
11.00 180.00 82.2 1138.1 2647.2 147.92 344.1 11.00
12.00 190.00 87.8 1142.0 2656.3 157.95 367.4 12.00
13.00 200.00 93.3 1145.9 2665.4 167.99 390.7 13.00
14.00 210.00 98.9 1149.7 2674.2 178.05 414.1 14.00
15.00 212.00 100.0 1150.4 2675.8 180.07 418.8 15.00
16.00 220.00 104.4 1153.4 2682.8 188.13 437.6 16.00
17.00 230.00 110.0 1157.0 2691.2 198.23 461.1 17.00
18.00 240.00 115.6 1160.5 2699.3 208.34 484.6 18.00
19.00 250.00 121.1 1164.0 2707.5 218.48 508.2 19.00
20.00 260.00 126.7 1167.3 2715.1 228.64 531.8 20.00
21.00 270.00 132.2 1170.6 2722.8 238.84 555.5 21.00
22.00 280.00 137.8 1173.8 2730.3 249.06 579.3 22.00
23.00 290.00 143.3 1176.8 2737.2 259.31 603.2 23.00
24.00 300.00 148.9 1179.7 2744.0 269.59 627.1 24.00
25.00 310.00 154.4 1182.5 2750.5 279.92 651.1 25.00

Reference: McCabe, Smith and

Harriott, p. 926.

Page 5
 Property Tables

Table Interpolation

NaOH-H2O Solution Enthalpy

Comp. Temperature -- degF

Mass
Fraction 50.00 90.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00

0.00 18.00 58.00 120.00 170.00 223.00 265.00 320.00

0.05 18.00 55.00 115.00 160.00 210.00 257.00 306.00
0.10 17.00 52.00 108.00 152.00 200.00 242.00 290.00
0.15 16.00 49.00 102.00 147.00 192.00 238.00 280.00
0.20 17.00 48.00 99.00 142.00 187.00 235.00 277.00
0.25 20.00 49.00 102.00 143.00 188.00 236.00 276.00
0.30 22.00 56.00 108.00 149.00 191.00 238.00 279.00
0.35 38.00 68.00 120.00 162.00 202.00 245.00 282.00
0.40 64.00 82.00 137.00 177.00 220.00 259.00 300.00
0.45 74.00 112.00 158.00 196.00 235.00 277.00 318.00
0.50 112.00 130.00 180.00 220.00 263.00 297.00 338.00

Entries in BTU/lbm

Reference: McCabe, Smith & Harriott, p. 429.

Converted Table

First column entries below indices are temperatures in degC.

First row entries to right of indices are compositions in mass fraction.
Main table entries are enthalpies in kJ/kg.

10.0 32.2 65.6 93.3 121.1 148.9 176.7

0.00 41.9 134.9 279.1 395.4 518.7 616.4 744.3
0.05 41.9 127.9 267.5 372.2 488.5 597.8 711.8
0.10 39.5 121.0 251.2 353.6 465.2 562.9 674.5
0.15 37.2 114.0 237.3 341.9 446.6 553.6 651.3
0.20 39.5 111.6 230.3 330.3 435.0 546.6 644.3
0.25 46.5 114.0 237.3 332.6 437.3 548.9 642.0
0.30 51.2 130.3 251.2 346.6 444.3 553.6 649.0
0.35 88.4 158.2 279.1 376.8 469.9 569.9 655.9
0.40 148.9 190.7 318.7 411.7 511.7 602.4 697.8
0.45 172.1 260.5 367.5 455.9 546.6 644.3 739.7
0.50 260.5 302.4 418.7 511.7 611.7 690.8 786.2

Page 6
 Nomenclature

Variable Name Description Location

A1 AEff1 Heat transfer area in effect 1, m 2
=Balances!$B$122
A2 AEff2 Heat transfer area in effect 2, m 2
=Balances!$B$150
A3 AEff3 Heat transfer area in effect 3, m 2 =Balances!$B$167
BoilUp Initial estimates of boilup from effects 1 & 2, ks/s =Balances!$C$53:$C$54
DeltaTs Delta-T's for effects 1 & 2, degC =Balances!$C$91:$C$92
q1 Duty1 Heat duty for effect 1, kW =Balances!$B$120
q2 Duty2 Heat duty for effect 2, kW =Balances!$B$148
q3 Duty3 Heat duty for effect 3, kW =Balances!$B$165
Econ Overall Economy: boilup generated/steam supplied =Balances!$B$183
Econ1 Economy of effect 1 =Balances!$B$189
Econ2 Economy of effect 2 =Balances!$B$190
Econ3 Economy of effect 3 =Balances!$B$191
e1 Evap1 Boilup rate in effect 1, kg/s =Balances!$C$53
e2 Evap2 Boilup rate in effect 2, kg/s =Balances!$C$54
e3 Evap3 Boilup rate in effect 3, kg/s =Balances!$C$56
etot EvapTot Sum of boilup rates in all three effects, kg/s =Balances!$B$46
x1 Frac1 Mass fraction NaOH in effect 1 =Balances!$B$64
x2 Frac2 Mass fraction NaOH in effect 2 =Balances!$B$65
x3 Frac3 Mass fraction NaOH in effect 3 =Balances!$B$66
hc hCond Enthalpy of steam condensate in effect 1, kJ/kg =Balances!$F$117
hc2 hCond2 Enthalpy of condensate from effect 2, kJ/kg =Balances!$F$145
hc3 hCond3 Enthalpy of condensate from effect 3, kJ/kg =Balances!$F$162
H1 HEvap1 Vapor enthalpy in effect 1, kJ/kg =Balances!$F$116
H2 HEvap2 Vapor enthalpy in effect 2, kJ/kg =Balances!$F$144
H3 HEvap3 Vapor enthalpy in effect 3, kJ/kg =Balances!$F$161
hf hf Enthalpy of feed, kJ/kg =Balances!$F$115
h1 hLiq1 Enthalpy of feed to effect 2, kJ/kg =Balances!$F$118
h2 hLiq2 Enthalpy of feed to effect 3, kJ/kg =Balances!$F$146
hp hp Enthalpy of product, kJ/kg =Balances!$F$163
Hs Hs Steam enthalpy, kJ/kg =Balances!$F$114
H1 HsEvap1Saturated enthalpy of vapor in effect 1, kJ/kg =Balances!$E$116
H2 HsEvap2Saturated enthalpy of vapor in effect 2, kJ/kg =Balances!$E$144
H3 HsEvap3Saturated enthalpy of vapor in effect 3, kJ/kg =Balances!$E$161
LinVal Solution of enthalpy equations for boilup in effects 1 & =Balances!$E$129:$E$130
w1 Liq1 Liquid rate out of effect 1 (feed to effect 2), kg/s =Balances!$D$64
w2 Liq2 Liquid rate out of effect 2 (feed to effect 3), kg/s =Balances!$D$65
w3=wp Liq3 Liquid rate out of effect 3 (product rate), kg/s =Balances!$D$66
P3 PCond Pressure of third effect, psia =Balances!$C$35
SumElevSum of boiling point elevations in the three effects, d =Balances!$B$83
Ts3 TCond Saturation temperature of condensate from 3rd effect =Balances!$C$36
TDel1 Delta T in effect 1, degC =Balances!$C$91
TDel2 Delta T in effect 2, degC =Balances!$C$92
TDel3 Delta T in effect 3, degC =Balances!$C$94
TDelNet Net delta T with boiling point elevations removed, deg =Balances!$B$84
TDelTot Total delta T available, degC =Balances!$B$82

Page 7
 Nomenclature

T1 TEff1 Temperature in effect 1, degC =Balances!$B$103

T2 TEff2 Temperature in effect 2, degC =Balances!$B$104
T3 TEff3 Temperature in effect 3, degC =Balances!$B$105
BP1 TElev1 Boiling point elevation in effect 1, degC =Balances!$D$74
TElev1F Boiling point elevation in effect 1, degF =Balances!$C$74
BP2 TElev2 Boiling point elevation in effect 1, degC =Balances!$D$75
TElev2F Boiling point elevation in effect 1, degF =Balances!$C$75
BP3 TElev3 Boiling point elevation in effect 1, degC =Balances!$D$76
TElev3F Boiling point elevation in effect 1, degF =Balances!$C$76
Tf Tf Feed temperature, degC =Balances!$B$29
Ts Ts Steam temperature, degC =Balances!$B$33
Ts1 TsEff1 Steam saturation temperature in effect 1, degC =Balances!$C$103
Ts2 TsEff2 Steam saturation temperature in effect 2, degC =Balances!$C$104
Ts3 TsEff3 Steam saturation temperature in effect 3, degC =Balances!$C$105
U1 UEff1 Overall heat transfer coefficient in effect 1, W/(m K)
2
=Balances!$C$16
U2 UEff2 Overall heat transfer coefficient in effect 2, W/(m K)
2
=Balances!$C$17
U3 UEff3 Overall heat transfer coefficient in effect 3, W/(m K)
2
=Balances!$C$18
VarArea Variance of the areas of the three effects, m 4 =Balances!$F$176
wf wf Feed flow rate, kg/s =Balances!$B$27
wfH2O Feed rate of H2O, kg/s =Balances!$D$43
wfNaOH Feed rate of NaOH, kg/s =Balances!$C$43
wp wp Product flow rate, kg/s =Balances!$B$44
wpH2O Product rate of H2O, kg/s =Balances!$D$44
wpNaOHProduct rate of NaOH, kg/s =Balances!$C$44
ws ws Steam flow rate, kg/s =Balances!$G$114
wsnew Steam flow rate from enthalpy balance equations, kg/s=Balances!$E$128
xf xf Mass fraction NaOH in feed =Balances!$B$28
xp xp Mass fraction NaOH in product =Balances!$B$31

Page 8