UNIVERSITY of SAINT LOUIS

Tuguegarao City

Tel No.: (078)-844-1872/1873/1822

Fax No. (078)-844-0889

Date Completed:

Signature of Proponents

Proponents

Last Name

First Name

MI

APOSTOL

CORINA MAE

L.

IRINGAN

JUVY ANN

F.

TUMALIUAN

IVAN

S.
Field of Specialization

LAWS AND LEGAL STUDIES

Research Method/Design

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

Research Topic

ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000

Working Title:

(as proposed by the proponent)

THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND EXTENT OF COMPIANCE OF COMMUNITIES ON ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF
2000

Approved Title:

(as redirected by the research consultant)

Bibliography/References

(APA Style)

(Alphabetically arranged)

<Note: For every reference included herein, there should be a corresponding row in the literature matrix describing the study>
 Variable/ Conceptual Tags/Synthesis Tally

(optional)

Waste management / disposal and processing / segregation of waste / collection, transport and storage of waste / Aparri

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

The research paper is anchored on the Republic Act 9003 crafted and enacted by the Philippine Legislation on December 20, 2000 and
was subsequently approved by the Office of the President on January 26, 2001. It contains seven (7) chapters sub-divided into 66 sections
setting out policy direction for an effective solid waste management program in the country. RA 9003 describes solid waste management
as a discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid
waste. The manner by which these activities are conducted shall be in accord with the best principles of public health, economics,
engineering, conservation, aesthetics, other environmental considerations and public attitudes. The Act provides for a comprehensive
ecological solid waste management program by creating necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives, appropriating funds,
declaring certain acts prohibited, and providing penalties.

Review of Literature

Solid Waste Management

Historically, solid waste management did not get any specific attention in policy and legislation except as part of the larger domain of
environmental issues on utilization, protection and conservation, management of natural resources and the regulation of behaviour causing negative
impact on the environment (Rebullida, 2000). Solid waste management (SWM) has a long and convoluted history (Nathanson, 2015).Solid waste
management is one among the basic essential services provided by municipal authorities in the country to keep urban centers clean. (Usnani, 2005)
However, Solid Waste Management is (SWM) identified as one of the serious urban environmental issues in the Philippines (Aguinaldo, 2008). A
Filipino generates between 0.3-0.7 kilogram (kg) of waste daily and the annual waste generation was estimated at 10 million tons in 2000 with an
expected rise by 30% in 2010 (World Bank, 2001). The inefficient waste management in the country results to the piling up of trash and contributes
to the deterioration of the countrys environment and bringing about impacts affecting publics health. (Macawile, J., Su, G., 2009) The solid waste
affects the natural environment and is a serious threat as these materials remain unless removed, burned or washed away (Anand, 2010) Impacts
on problems concerning health and setting of the people will arise without proper management and planning. According to Mustaq (2010),
eradicating risk of community health and protecting the locale are the significant endeavors of Solid Waste Management (SWM). In the Philippines,
developing and implementing SWM is an obligation vested under LGUs such as provinces, cities, municipalities and barangay (World Bank, 2001).
The annual waste generation of the Philippines in 2012 was 106 million tones which is expected to double in 2025 (DOST, 2012). In a study looking
at SWM in the developing world, many sources of waste might only be reached by roads or alleys, which may be inaccessible to certain methods of
transport because of their width, congestion, and elevation. This is especially critical in unplanned settlements such as slums or low-income areas
and thus largely affects the selection of equipment (Zhu et al., 2008). Another study done in India found that poor conditions of containers and
inadequate maintenance and replacement of worn-out collection vehicles contributed to behaviors such as littering and illegal dumping by citizens
who felt they could not properly dispose of trash because trash bins and waste services were not properly maintained (Hazra and Goel, 2009). To
say people in developing countries dont recognize trash as an issue is an untrue statement. The opposite is often true. However, recognizing trash
as a problem does not prevent littering or other negative behaviors concerning waste management (Moore, 2012) Effective waste management must
be fully embraced by local authorities. Key elements to the success of solid waste management are public participation and empowerment, decision
transparency, networking, cooperation and collective action, communication, and accessibility of information (Marshall and Farahbakhsh, 2013).

Effects of Improper Waste Disposal

The increasing dilemma on waste management in almost all communities across the country due to the uncontrolled population growth, coupled
with rapid urbanization and industrialization, have become the primary thrust of the national government (National Solid Waste Management
Commission & D.E.N.R., 2004). In addition, the low level of environmental literacy and awareness of the public, partly contributed to the difficulties in
implementing and enforcing environmental laws and policy, particularly, laws on cleanliness and sanitation (Jaworski & DENR, 2002). The common
observation is that people are apathetic and indifferent toward wastes issues. The effect of Improper Waste Disposal among the people entails
destruction to human race as well as the environment. Paper, plastics and other materials that are burned can contaminate the air when they are
burned. If it contains toxic chemicals like dioxin they can reach the air that people breathe and cause a public health risk. Humans are not the only
ones affected by improper garbage disposalanimals are too. Garbage dumping can suffocate and contaminate sea bottom habitats such as coral
and fish reducing their numbers. (Boehlke, 2015) Furthermore, disposal of mine tailings into shallow marine environments has contaminated marine
waters and forced local populations to restrict their consumption of fish and shellfish in Peru, Chile, Indonesia, the Philippines and elsewhere
( Moran, Brushett, Young, Roy, 2009) Which result to, lack of income and possible food shortage. Improper disposal of pollutants can have a
negative effect on surface and ground water quality. Failure to properly dispose of materials like automotive fluids, motor oil, can have a direct impact
on receiving water body quality which results to pollution of drinking water. (PCSG,2001) The bottom line is bad waste management practices can
result in land and air pollution and can cause respiratory problems and other adverse health effects as contaminants are absorbed from the lungs
into other parts of the body. (Obinna, 2015) Now, Mindoro Philippines is drastically contaminated generally due to poorly constructed sanitation and
household facilities and runoff from the hillsides associated with the tourism development (Hiroyasu, 2009) With these effects of improper waste
management. Let us reflect and be aware of the environment we live in. We must comply and put into action laws and regulations that are enacted
for the betterment of our country.

Effects of Urbanization on the Environment

The world is in the midst of a substantial urban transition, but the impacts of this on the environment and human societies are not fully
understood. Very little attention has been paid to urbanization processes in developing countries with smaller populations, despite the evident
problems associated with urbanization. There are both biophysical and social vulnerabilities associated with urbanization in the South Pacific and
these vulnerabilities affect human security. The biophysical vulnerabilities include the fragile environments of the island nations, limited land
resources, shortages of basic resources, and the risks associated with global warming. (Cocklin et al, 2002) In both rural and urban areas, open
burning of household waste has become commonplace in areas where collection is limited or nonexistence (Narayana, 2009). As the urban
population in Nairobi and elsewhere in East Africa grows, so does the solid-waste management burden (Troschinetz and Mihelcic, 2009) The
integrated evolution of urbanization has a profound effect on the resources, energy and the environment, making the land resources and energy
security situation under severe pressure. The environment pressure is also increased further. (Chen et al, 2010) As the world becomes more
urbanized and developed, consumption rates are on the rise. An inevitable consequence of more consumption is the rapid increase in the amount of
solid waste that is produced. (McAllister, 2015) In a study of Chen (2007) he said that accelerated urbanization along with explosive economic
growth has further worsened the shortage of agricultural land over the last two decades. Moreover, Urbanization results in a dramatic escalation of
solid waste ( Winfield, 2016) Urbanization affects the soil environment deeply. Municipal polluted water, industrial waste gas, waste gas of
automobiles and garbage can change the physical and chemical nature of the soil. Some actions must be taken to prevent the soil pollution and
improve municipal soil environment such as reasonable industry allocation, rectifying the resource of pollution, enhancement of the custody on
agriculture environment (Liao, 2001).

HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant difference between the level of awareness and extent of compliance of respondents and the profile variables

Background of the Study

As the world becomes more urbanized and developed, consumption rates are on the rise. An inevitable consequence of more consumption is the
rapid increase in the amount of solid waste that is produced. Today, solid-waste management (SWM) conditions in the developing world are often
quite dire and reminiscent of those found in the developed world several generations ago. The impact of inadequate SWM practices on natural and
human environments is now being acknowledged. (McAllister, 2015)

As a result, Philippine legislation crafted Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 a landmark environmental
legislation in the Philippines to address the looming garbage problems in the country. (Aquino, Deriquito, & Festejo, 2013)
RA 9003 was passed by the Philippine Congress on December 20, 2000 and was subsequently approved by the Office of the President on January
26, 2001. It contains seven (7) chapters sub-divided into 66 sections setting out policy direction for an effective solid waste management program in
the country. The law provides policy of the state in adopting a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program that
ensures the protection of public health and the environment and the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid
waste through the formulation and adoption of best environmental practices. Moreover, it illustrates the potentials and benefits of recycling not only in
addressing waste management problems but also in alleviating poverty.

The deteriorating global and social environment suddenly had a simple explanation too many people. (Newman, 2006) And one of the growing
municipalities in Cagayan in terms of population, income and economic growth is Aparri Cagayan. It is believed that after 5 years it would be
considered as a city following its urbanization. With an Internal Revenue Allotment P117M, the town which is classified as first class municipality has
established various programs and projects all geared towards strengthening its image as the most popular progressive town in Northern Luzon.
Political analyst said that cityhood of Aparri will spur the development of other Northern Cagayan towns. (De Yro, 2012)

Hence, this research is to be conducted to investigate the level of awareness and compliance of the different barangays in Aparri with the enacted
Republic Act number 9003 because the people of today seem to have an insufficient knowledge regarding the Ecological problems that the world is
facing. Some are still not complying with the law or worst do not have knowledge of the existing law.

Research Questions/

Objective

This study aims to determine the Level of Awareness and Extent of Compliance of Communities on Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000.
Specifically, it tries to answer the questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

Age
Gender
Educational Attainment
Year/s of residence
2. What is the extent of compliance of the respondents on Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 in terms of:
Waste Segregation
Collection, transport and storage of waste
Disposal of Waste
3. What is the level of awareness of the respondents on Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
4. Is there a significant difference on the extent of compliance of the respondents and the profile variables?
5. Is there a significant difference on the level of awareness of the respondents and the profile variables?

Significance of the Proposed Study

The result of this research paper is of value among the researchers themselves for it gives them new information regarding the level of awareness
and extent of compliance of the communities on Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 or Republic Act 9003 specifically different
barangays in Aparri Cagayan. The result of this research paper also gives general information to the students, parents, teachers, as well as residents
on how aware and compliant are the people in Aparri Cagayan.
The result of this research paper will also be of value to other researchers. To those who would want to ponder more on the awareness and
compliance of waste disposal and management of different barangays in Aparri Cgayan. It can also contribute to the Local Government Unit of Aparri
Cagayan on how they should act with solid waste problems and to ensure the betterment of the public health of their municipality.

Research Simulacrum/

Research Paradigm

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

1. Age
2. Gender Compliance on:
3. Educational
Attainment a. Waste
4. Year/s of Management
residence b. Disposal and
Processing
c. Collection,
transport and
Level of Awareness and storage of
Extent of Compliance waste
d. Disposal of
waste

Methods

Research Design

This study will employ a Descriptive Survey Method to describe the level of awareness and extent of compliance of the respondents regarding the
four practices under Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. A legal questionnaire is to be administered among the respondent.

Locale of the Study

The study is to be administered among the selected Barangays of Aparri Cagayan.

Subjects/Participants

The respondents of this study would be the bona fide residents of some Barangays in Aparri. They would be given questionnaire with utmost
confidentiality and that is to get their consent in answering the questionnaire. The researchers would likely to seek guidance from the Barangay
Chairman to administer the questionnaire and also to help and assist the researchers as well.
.

Instrument (Including Data Measures)

The study will utilize a purposive procedure wherein, they would only focus to all people who are residing at the five selected barangays in Aparri.

Data Analyses

The researchers will use frequency counts and percentage to determine the profile of the respondents.

Anova and T-Test wil be utilized by the researchers in analyzing the independent and dependent variable of the study.

Mean and Median will be used to determine the level of awareness and extent of compliance of respondents to the RA 9003. A weighted mean is to
be used to identify the corresponding description using the Likert Scale:

1- Not aware 1- Never

2- Slightly Aware 2- Often
3- Somewhat Aware 3- Sometimes
4- Moderately Aware 4- Always
5- Extremely Aware

APPENDICES: 1. Literature Matrix

2. Variable Matrix

3. Research Instrument /s