12

1.
2.
3.
4.
5. Y-Y
6. Y-
7. -
8. -Y

12 - 1 12 - 5

12 - 2 12 - 6

12 - 3 12 - 7

12 - 4 12 - 8

12-2

12

1.

2. sing-phase

(1) single-phase two-wire system 1 2W
110V

1 3W
(2) single-phase three-wire system 110V 220V

3. poly-phase system

12-1

L
r

L1L2L3
r


 12 12-3

1 1 2W (1)
(2) (3)

110
(1) I = = 5(A)
1 + 1 + 20
2 = 2Vr = 2 5 1 = 10(V)
(2) Pl = 2VrI = 2I 2r = 2 52 1 = 50(W)
(3) PRL = VRL I = I 2RL = 52 20 = 500(W)

12-1
( ) 1. 1 3W
(A)220V380V (B)110V220V (C)220V440V (D)100V200V
( ) 2. 1 2W
(A)120V (B)110V (C)100V (D)90V

12-1

1.( B ) 2.( C )

12-2

1. RL1 = RL2

r
I 1 = I 2 I N = 0 IAIB

2.
0

0

3. KVL


12-4

1.

2.

Ploss(3W) Vr (3W)

2I 2r Ploss(3W) 3I 2r(1)
Ir Vr (2W) 2Ir (2)

I 2 I Ploss(2W)
Vr (2W)
Ploss (2W) =2 (2I )2r = 8I 2r (3)
Vr (2W) =2 2I r = 4Ir (4)
1 Ploss ( 3W ) 3
(1)(3)
4 Ploss ( 2 W ) 8
1 Vr (3 W ) 1
(2)(4)
4 Vr ( 2 W ) 2
3.

 12 12-5

1 PIoss (3W) 3
3 2
4 PIoss (2W) 8

1 3 (3W) 3 3

4 2 (2W) 8 2
3 (3W) 9 3
= 37.5%
8 (2W) 16 8
37.5%

1 1 3W
(1) (2)

(1)
110
IA = = 11(A)
10
110
IB = = 11(A)
10
220
IC = = 22(A)
10
(2) KCL
IN = IA IB = 0

2 1 3W (1)
(2)

220 440
(1) IA = = 2(A)IB = = 4(A)
10 110
IN = IB IA = 4 2 = 2(A)

(2)
1102 1102
RA = = 55()RB = = 27.5()
220 440
55 27.5
VA = 220 = 146.7(V)VB = 220 = 73.3(V)
55 + 27.5 55 + 27.5
1 3W

12-2
( ) 1. 1 3W
(A)0 (B) (C) (D)
( ) 2. 3 2
(A)25% (B)37.5% (C)50% (D)62.5%
12-6

12-2

1.( A ) 2.( B )

12-3

1.

360
90 n
n
120 90
2.

1.
120

2.
120


 12 12-7

e oa (t) = V m sin t A
e ob (t) = V m sin( t 120)
e oc (t) = V m sin( t + 120)

120

E OA = V0
E OB = V 120
E OC = V120

12-4

Y

1. ABC RST positive phase sequence

2. ACB RTS negative phase sequence

1. ABC RST

P ABC
ABC ABC = BCA =
CAB
12-8

2. ACB RTS

P ACB
ACB ACB = CBA =
BAC

1.

2.
3.

ur
1 Vao = 1000V

ur
Vbo = 100120V
ur
Vco = 100120V

ur ur ur
2 ACB Vbo = 10030V Vao Vco

ur
V ao = 10090V
ur
Vco = 100150V

3 V ab = 22060V V bc V ca
ABC

ur
Vbc = 220 60V
ur
Vca = 220180V
 12 12-9

12-4
ur
( ) 1. Vca = 100 120V
ur ur ur ur
(A) Vab = 100120 (B) Vbc = 1000 (C) Vab = 1000 (D) Vbc = 10030 V
ur ur
( ) 2. ABC Vao = 1000V (A) Vbo = 100120
ur ur ur
(B) Vco = 100120 (C) Vbo =100180 (D) Vco = 100120 V

12-4

1.( C ) 2.( D )

12-5


1. Y
Y-connected three-phase generator
2.
-connected three-phase generator

Y
Y
NY
N
Y
Y

1. phase voltage Vp
ur ur ur
Vao Vbo Vco
2. line voltage VL
ur ur ur
Vab Vbc Vca
3. phase current IP
ur ur ur
I oa I ob I oc
4. line current IL
ur ur ur
I aa ' I bb ' I cc '
12-10

(1) Y 3 VL = 3 VP
ur ur ur
Vao = VP0 Vbo = VP 120 Vco = VP120
ur ur ur ur ur 1 3
Vab = Vao + Vob = Vao Vbo = VP0VP120 = VP ( VP j VP )
2 2
1 3 3 3
= VP + VP + j VP = VP + j VP = 3 VP30
2 2 2 2
ur
Vab = 3 VP30 =VL30

ur ur ur ur ur
Vbc = Vbo + Voc = Vbo Vco = VP120VP120
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
= VP j VP ( VP + j VP) = VP j VP + VP j VP
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= j 3 VP = 3 VP 90
ur
Vbc = 3 VP90= VL90

ur ur ur ur ur
Vca = Vco + Voa = Vco Vao = VP120VP0
1 3 3 3
= VP + j VP VP = VP + j VP = 3 VP150
2 2 2 2
ur
Vca = 3 VP150 = VL150
(2) Y

Y
120 120
30
30
3
 12 12-11

(3) Y
ur ur ur ur ur ur
I oa = I aa ' I ob = I bb ' I oc = I cc ' IP = IL

1.
ur ur ur ur ur ur
Vao = Vab Vbo = Vbc Vco = Vca VP = VL
2. 3 IL = 3 IP
ur ur ur
I ba = IP0 I cb = IP120 I ac = IP120KCL
ur ur ur 1 3
I aa ' = I ba I ac = IP0 IP120 = IP ( IP + j IP)
2 2
1 3 3 3
= IP + IP j IP = IP j IP = 3 IP30
2 2 2 2
ur
I aa ' = 3 IP30 = IL30

ur ur ur 1 3
I bb ' = I cb I ba = IP120 IP0 = IP j IP IP
2 2
3 3
= IP j IP = 3 IP150
2 2
ur
I bb ' = 3 IP150 = IL150

ur ur ur 1 3 1 3
I cc ' = I ac I cb = IP120 IP120 = IP + j IP ( IP j IP)
2 2 2 2
1 3 1 3
= IP + j IP + IP + j IP = j 3 IP = 3 IP90
2 2 2 2
ur
I cc ' = 3 IP90 = IL90
12-12

3.

(1) 120 120
(2) 30
30
(3) 3

ur
1 Y Vao = 1000V =
ur ur ur
Vao = 1000 Vbo = 100120V Vco =100 120V
30 3
ur
Vab = 100 3 30V
ur
Vbc = 100 3 90V
ur
Vca = 100 3 150V

ur
2 A I oa = 0A(1)
(2)
ur ur ur
(1) I oa = 0A I ob = 120A I oc = 120A
(2) 3 30
ur
I aa ' = 3 30A
ur
I bb ' = 3 150A
ur
I cc ' = 3 90A
 12 12-13

12-5
( ) 1. Y
(A)VP = 3 VL (B)VP = VL (C)IL = IP (D)IL = 3 IP
( ) 2.
(A)VP = 3 VL (B)VP = VL (C)IL = IP (D)IP = 3 IL
( ) 3. Y
(A) 120 (B) 120
(C) 30 (D) 30
( ) 4.
(A) 120 (B) 120
(C) 30 (D) 30

12-5

1.( C ) 2.( B ) 3.( D ) 4.( D )

12-6
Y
Y
Y

YY
Y
Y Y

Y

Y

1. Y
Z A = Z B = Z C Y
(1) 3 VL = 3 VP
(2) 30
(3) IL = IP
2.
Z A = Z B = Z C
(1) VL = VP
(2) 3 IL = 3 IP
(3) 30
12-14

12-7
P
P

P = 3 VP IPcos VP IP
Y
VL
P = 3VPIP cos= 3 ILcos= 3 VLILcos
3

IL
P = 3VPIP cos= 3VL cos= 3 VLILcos
3
Y P
P = 3VPIP cos= 3 VLILcos

Q
Q Y
Q
Q = 3VPIP sin= 3 VLILsin

S
S Y
S
S = 3VPIP = 3 VLIL
S = P2 + Q2

P.F.
VP IP VP IL

P.F.
P
P.F. = cos=
S
 12 12-15

1 Y 3 3W 220V
(1)VL (2)VP (3)IP (4)IL (5)P.F. (6)P (7)Q (8)S

(1) 3 3W 220V VL = 220V

(2) Y VL = 3 VP
V 220
VP = L = = 127(V)
3 3
V 127
(3) IP = P = = 2.89(A)
R 44
(4) Y IL = IP = 2.89A
(5) = 0
P.F. = cos= cos0 = 1
(6) P = 3 VLILcos= 3 220 2.89 1 = 1101(W)
P = 3VPIPcos= 3 127 2.89 1 = 1101(W)
P = 3 I P2 R = 3 2.892 44 = 1102(W)
(7) Q = 3 VLILsin= 3 220 2.89 0 = 0(VAR)
(8) S = 3 VLIL = 3 220 2.89 = 1101(VA)

12-7
( ) 1. 220V 3kWP.F. = 0.9
(A)5.1 (B)8.7 (C)10 (D)15
( ) 2. 220V/22kW 66.7A
P.F. (A)0.5 (B)0.73 (C)0.86 (D)0.95

12-7

1.( B ) 2.( C )

12-8

1. YY
2. Y
3.
4. Y

12-16

1. YY

YY
(1)
(2) Y 3
30
(3) YY
nN
(4)
(5) Y
(6) Y
2. Y

Y
(1)
(2) Y 3
30
(3) Y
(4)
(5) 3
30
(6) Y
3.
 12 12-17

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5) 3
30
(6) 3
30
4. Y

Y
(1)
(2)
(3) Y 3
30
(4)
(5) Y
(6) 3
30
12-18

1 YY 3 4W (1)
ur ur ur r r r r
Vab Vbc Vca (2) I A I B I C I N
(3) P (4) Q (5)
S (6) P.F.

(1) Y 3
30
ur ur ur
Vab = 100 3 30(V) Vbc = 100 3 90(V) Vca = 100 3 150(V)
(2) Y
ur ur ur ur
r r VAN Van 1000 r r VBN Vbn 100 120
I A = I AN = ur = ur = = 2037(A) I B = I BN = ur = ur = = 20157(A)
ZA ZA 4 + j3 ZB ZB 4 + j3
ur ur
r r VCN Vcn 100120
I C = I CN = ur = ur = = 2083(A)
ZC ZC 4 + j3
r r r r r r r
KCL I N = I A + I B + I C = 0 I A I B I C 120
4
(3) P = 3 VL ILcos = 3 100 3 20 = 4800(W)
5
3
(4) Q = 3 VL ILsin = 3 100 3 20 = 3600(VAR)
5
(5) S = 3 VL IL = 3 100 3 20 = 6000(VA)
4
(6) P.F. = cos = = 0.8
5

2 YY 3 3W
ur ur ur
Van = 20030(V) (1) Vbo Vco
ur ur ur
(2) VabVbcVca (3) (4)

YY 3 3W nN

ur
(1) Van = 20030(V)
ur ur
Vbn = 200150(V) Vcn = 20090(V)
(2) Y 3 30
ur ur ur
Vab = 200 3 0(V) Vbc = 200 3 120(V) Vca = 200 3 120(V)
ur ur ur ur
r VAN Van 20030 r VBN Vbn 200150
(3) I AN = ur = ur = = 207(A) I BN = ur = ur = = 20113(A)
ZA ZA 1037 ZB ZB 1037
ur ur
r VCN Vcn 200 90
I CN = ur = ur = = 20127(A)
ZC ZC 1037
(4) Y
r r r r r r
I A = I AN = 207(A) I B = I BN = 20113(A) I C = I CN = 20127(A)
 12 12-19

ur
3 Vao = 100 3 0 (V)
7.1 + j7.1()(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(5)
(1)
ur ur
Vao =100 3 0(V) Vbo =100 3 120(V)
ur
Vco = 100 3 120(V)
Y 3
30
ur ur ur
Vab = 30030(V) Vbc = 30090(V) Vca = 300150(V)
(2)
ur ur ur ur
r VAB Vab 30030 r VBC Vbc 300 90
I AB = ur = ur = = 3015(A) I BC = ur = ur = = 30135(A)
ZA ZA 1045 ZB ZB 1045
ur ur
r VCA Vca 300150
I CA = ur = ur = = 30105(A)
ZC ZC 1045
(3) 3
30
r 10 r
I A = 30 3 45(A) = 30 3 165(A) I C = 30 3 75(A)
3
(4) Y
ur r ur r ur r
I oa = I A = 30 3 45(A) I ob = I B = 30 3 165(A) I oc = I C = 30 3 75(A)
(5) P = 3 VL IL cos= 3 300 30 3 0.707 = 19.1k(W)

4 (1) (2)
(3) (4) (5)

(1)
ur ur
Vab = 1000(V) Vbc = 100120(V)
ur
Vca = 100120(V)
(2)
ur ur ur ur
r VAB Vab 1000 r VBC Vbc 100 120
I AB = ur = ur = = 1053(A) I BC = ur = ur = = 10173(A)
ZA Z A 1053 ZB ZB 1053
ur ur
r VCA Vca 100120
I CA = ur = ur = = 1067(A)
ZC ZC 1053
(3) 3
30
r r r
I A = 10 3 83(A) I B = 10 3 203 = 10 3 157 I C = 10 3 37(A)
1
(4) 30
3

ur ur ur
I ba = 1053(A) I cb = 10187 = 10173(A) I ac = 1067(A)
(5)
S = 3 VL IL = 3 100 10 3 = 3000(VA)
12-20

ur
5 Vab = 100 3 90V
Z A = Z B = Z C = 8.66 + j5()(1)
(2) (3) (4)

ur
(1) Vab = 100 3 90(V)
ur ur
Vbc = 100 3 30(V) Vca = 100 3 150(V)
(2)
Y
1

3
30
ur ur ur
VAO = 10060(V) VBO = 10060(V) VCO = 100180(V)
ur
r r VAO 10060
I A = I AO = ur = = 1030(A)
ZA 1030
ur
r r VBO 100 60
I B = I BO = ur = = 1090(A)
ZB 1030
ur
r r V 100180
I C = I CO = urCO = = 10150(A)
ZC 1030
1
(3)
3
30
ur 10 ur 10
I ba = (30 + 30) = 5.7760(A) I cb = 60 = 5.7760(A)
3 3
ur 10
I ac = 180 = 5.77180(A)
3
3
(4) P = 3 VL ILcos= 3 100 3 10 cos30 = 3000 = 2598(W)
2

6 (1) (2)
(3) (4)
ur
Z = 8 + j6 = 1037()
220
IP = = 22(A)
10
IL = 22 3 (A)
(1) P = 3 VL ILcos= 3 220 22 3 0.8 = 11616(W)
P = 3I 2P R = 3 222 8 = 11616(W)
(2) Q = 3 VL ILsin= 3 220 22 3 0.6 = 8712(VAR)
Q = 3I 2P XL = 3 222 6 = 8712(VAR)
(3) S = 3 VL IL = 3 220 22 3 = 14520(VA)
S = 3I 2P Z =3 222 10 = 14520(VA)
P 11616
(4) P.F. = cos = cos37 = 0.8 P.F. = = = 0.8
S 14520
 12 12-21

7 10(1)Y 3 3W100V (2) 10

(1)

100
VL = 100VVP = V
3
100 1 10
IL = I P = = (A)
3 10 3
10
P = 3 VL ILcos= 3 100 1 = 1000(W)
3
(2)

VL = 100V
VP = 100V
100
IL = 3 IP = 3 = 10 3 (A)
10
P = 3 VL ILcos
= 3 100 10 3 1
= 3000(W)
(3) (1)(2) Y 3 Y
3 Y

8 (1)
(2) (3)

IP = 20A
IL = 20 3 A
(1) PT = 3 VL ILcos= 3 220 20 3 1 = 13200(W)
(2) Pl
Pl = 3 (20 3 )2 1 = 3600(W)
(3) PL
PL = 13200 3600 = 9600(W)
12-22

12-8
( ) 1. 1kV 1A Y
1
(A)1kV (B) kV (C) 2 kV (D) 3 kV
3
1
( ) 2. (A)1kV (B) kV (C) 2 kV (D) 3 kV
3
( ) 3. (A) (B) (C) (D)
( ) 4. 10A
10
(A)10A (B)10 2 A (C)10 3 A (D) A
3
( ) 5. 220V 1030
(A)22A (B)38A (C)66A (D)220A
( ) 6. (A)5.74kW (B)11.5kW (C)12.57kW (D)16kW
( ) 7. 220VY 22kW 100A
(A)0 (B)0.5 (C)0.577 (D)0.866

12-8

1.( D ) 2.( A ) 3.( A ) 4.( C ) 5.( B ) 6.( C ) 7.( C )

12
( ) 1. P 1000 220 0.8
(A)600 (B)800 (C)1000 (D)1250 86
( ) 2. (1)Y (2) ZA
(A)4 + j2 (B)1 j2 (C) 8 j4 (D)8 j16 88

(1) (2)

( ) 3. Y 220V
(A)73.33V (B)127V (C)220V (D)381V 88
 12 12-23

( ) 4.
(A)180 (B)120 (C)90 (D)0 88
( ) 5. 200V 2030
(A)10A (B)14.14A (C)17.32A (D)20A 88
( ) 6. 7 P3
(A)1732W (B)2996W (C)5196W (D)8988W 88
( ) 7. 4 + j3 220V
(A) 220V (B) 44 3 A
(C) 0.6 (D) 5 89
( ) 8. Y a b c Vab = 220120
(A)Vbc = 220 120 (B)Vca = 2200 (C)Vbc = 2200 (D)Vca = 22020
(E)Vbc = 22020 89
( ) 9. 10kVA/220W 0.5
(A)5kW (B)8kW (C)7kW (D)10kW (E)6kW 89
( ) 10.
(A) (B)
(C) (D) 91
ur
( ) 11. Y abc a Vao = 1000V
ur
Vbc = (A) 100 330 V (B) 100 390 V (C) 100 3150 V
(D) 100 3270 V 93
( ) 12.
1160 220V
(A)6600W (B)4400W (C)3810W (D)2200W 94
( ) 13.
(A)0 (B)0.5 (C)0.866 (D)1 95
( ) 14. A I A
B I B
I N = (A)0 (B) I A (C) I B (D)| I A | + | I B | 96

12

1.( D ) 2.( A ) 3.( D ) 4.( B ) 5.( C ) 6.( C ) 7.( C ) 8.( C ) 9.( A ) 10.( C )
11.( D ) 12.( A ) 13.( C ) 14.( A )

P 1000
1. S = = = 1250(VA)
cos 0.8
j 2( j 4) + ( j 4)8 + 8( j 2)
2. ZA = = j2 + 8 4 = 4 + j2()
j4
3. VL = 3 VP = 220 3 (V)381(V)
12-24

VP VL 200
5. IP = = = = 10(A)
ZP ZP 20
IL = 3 IP = 10 3 (A)17.32(A)
6. P = I P2 RP = I P2 ZPcos= 102 20cos30 = 1000 3 (W)
PT = 3P = 3000 3 (W)5196(W)
7. VP = VL = 220(V)
V 220
IL = 3 I P = 3 P = 3 = 44 3 (A)
ZP 32 + 4 2
RP 4
P.F. = = = 0.8
Zp 4 + 32
2

ZP = RP2 + X P2 = 4 2 + 32 = 5()
8. QVab = 220120 abc
Vbc = 2200Vca = 120
9. P = Sn cos= 10 103 0.5 = 5k(W)
10. 120 =0

ur ur ur
11. abc Vao = 1000 V Vbo = 100 120 Vco = 100120
Y 30 3
ur
Vbc = 100 90 = 100 3270 (V)

ur ur ur
Vbc = Vbo + Voc
ur ur
= Vbo + ( Vco )
= 100 120 100120
= 50 j 50 3 (50 + j 50 3 )
= 50 j 50 3 + 50 j 50 3
= j100 3
= 100 3 90
12. PT = 3VL I L cos
VL = V P I L = 3 I P
VP 220
I L = 3I P = 3 = 3 = 20 3 (A)
Z 11
PT = 3VL I L cos
= 3 220 20 3 cos 60
1
= 3 220 20 3
2
= 6600 (W)
13. W1 = WW2 = 2W
P.F. = cos
W1 + W2
=
2 2
2 W1 W1W2 + W2
3W 3W 3 3
= = = = = 0.866
2 W 2W + 4W
2 2 2
2 3W 2
2 3 2
I = I A I B = 0(A)
14. I A = I B N
 12 12-25

12
( ) 1. Y P
(A)P (B) 2 P (C) 3 P (D)3P
( ) 2. Y 220V
(A)220V (B)380V (C)127V (D)440V
( ) 3. 3 220V 10kW 0.8 0.8
(A)10A (B)22A (C)33A (D)41A
( ) 4.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
( ) 5. Y 200 3 V 8 + j6
(A)10 (B)10 3 (C)20 (D)220 3 A
( ) 6. (A)16k (B)12k (C)10k (D)8k VA
( ) 7. 1060 100V
(A)10 (B)14.14 (C)17.3 (D)120 A
( ) 8. (A)1732 (B)1500 (C)3000 (D)2000 W
( ) 9. 4 + j3 100V
(A)25 (B)20 (C)10 (D)5 A
( ) 10. Y 16 + j12 100V
(A)1.732 (B)5 (C)8.66 (D)10 A

12

1.( D ) 2.( C ) 3.( D ) 4.( A ) 5.( C ) 6.( B ) 7.( C ) 8.( B ) 9.( B ) 10.( C )

2. Y
V 220
VP = L = = 127(V)
3 3
3. P = 3 VL ILcos
P 10000
IL = = = 41(A)
3VL cos 3 220 0.8 0.8
1
5. Y
3
1
VP = 200 3 = 200(V)
3
V 200
IP = P = = 20(A) Y IL = IP = 20A
Z 10
12-26

6. S = 3 VL IL = 3 200 3 20 = 12000(VA)
7.
100
IP = = 10(A)
10
3
IL = 3 IP = 10 3 A
8. P = 3 VL ILcos= 3 100 10 3 cos60 = 150(W)
9.
100
IP = = 20(A)
5
3
IL = 3 IP = 20 3 A
1

3
1 1
IP = IL = 20 3 = 20(A)
3 3
10.
100
IP = = 5(A)
20
5 3 A Y
IP = IL = 5 3 A
 12 12-27
12-28

 12 12-29
12-30