FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

In the name of Allah, The Most Beneficent, The Most Merciful

La
b
Tensile Test
#0
1
Prepared By
Noraini Mohd Razali
Edited By
Mahendran A/L Samykano

Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal,

Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Lab Location
Strength of Materials Lab

Lab Objectives

By the end of this lab, students should be able to:

Conduct tensile test for different material and obtain stress-
strain curve for each material
Use stress-strain curve to determine the modulus of elasticity,
yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength,
ductility and toughness of each material.

20 Date: ____________________

Student
Group Members Section
ID

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1.0 Tensile Test

Tensile test is used to evaluate the strength of metals and alloys. In this test
a metal & plastic sample is pulled to failure in a relatively short time at a
constant rate. Before testing, two small punch marks are identified along
the specimens length. The ability of a material to resist breaking under tensile stress is
one of the most important and widely measured properties of materials used in structural
applications.

Using the recorded data, the nominal or engineering stress is found by

dividing the applied load P by the specimens original cross sectional area,
A0 .
P

A0
The nominal or engineering strain is found by dividing the change in the
specimens gage length, ( L L0 ) by the specimens original gage
length, L0


L0
From the data of a tension test, it is possible to compute various values of
the stress and corresponding strain in the specimen and then plot the
results. The resulting curve is called the stress-strain diagram. The yield
strength, ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength and elastic or Youngs
modulus of a material can all be determined from this curve. The curve
shown in Figure 1 is typical of metallic behavior. At small strain values (the
elastic region), the relationship between stress and strain is nearly linear.
Within this region, the slope of the stress-strain curve is defined as the
elastic modulus. Since many metals lack a sharp yield point, i.e. a sudden,
observable transition between the elastic region and the plastic region, the
yield point is often defined as the stress that gives rise to a 0.2% permanent
plastic strain. By this convention, a line is drawn parallel to the elastic
region of the material, starting at a strain level of 0.2% strain (or 0.002
mm/mm.). The point at which this line intersects the curve is called the
yield point or the yield stress. The ultimate tensile strength, in contrast, is
found by determining the maximum stress reached by the material. The
total work of elastic deformation is a measure of resilience, where Modulus
2
of Resilience, U r pl
2E
The total work to fracture is a measure of toughness and is given by total
area under curve, U Total
ut
Modulus of Toughness, U Total pl f
2

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Figure 1: Stress-strain diagram for metal

2.0 Experiment Setup

Test preparation

Identify each specimen, measure and record the length, width

and thickness of the gage of the specimen in Table 1

Table 1: Specimen Dimension

Material Length (L0) Cross section Area

(A0)

2
Equipment & Material preparation

INSTRON 50kN
Caliper
Test specimen: Mild steel, Aluminum & Brass

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Figure 2: INSTRON Testing Apparatus

Figure 3: Specimen for Tensile Test

3.0 Experiment Procedure

1. Double click the IX series icon on the computer

2. Load the specimen (e.g. mild steel) into the lower and upper grip.
Make sure the specimen is straight.
3. Click Method icon and set the specimen parameter and
crosshead speed
4. Click Test icon and enter sample file name, then operators name
5. Choose a test method according to your application (Tensile,
compressive, Flexural, etc).
6. Reset the load and strain
7. Click Start Test

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8. When the test finished, click to the utilities in the main screen to
view the result of the experiment
9. Fill up Table 2 with the data of load and displacement from the
Instron output. Convert these data to stress and strain and plot the
stress-strain diagram.
10. Repeat the experiment for the other materials (Aluminum &
Brass).

4.0 Results

Fill up the results of the experiment in the table and plot stress-strain
diagrams for each of the material.

Table 2: Result for_______________

Load Displacemen Stress Strain

(N) t (mm) (N/mm2) (mm/mm)

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Stress-strain diagram for________________

Table 3: Result for_____________________

Load Displacemen Stress Strain

(N) t (mm) (N/mm2) (mm/mm)

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Stress-strain diagram for____________________

Table 4: Result for_____________________

Load Displacemen Stress Strain

(N) t (mm) (N/mm2) (mm/mm)

1
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Stress-strain diagram for________________________

Table 5: Summary of Properties obtain from the stress-strain

diagram

Properties Material

Modulus of elasticity, E
Proportional limit, pl
Yield strength, y
Ultimate strength (max
stress), ut
Breaking strength
(fracture point)

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5.0 REPORT FORMAT
1. Introduction & Objective [1 marks] 0
2. Apparatus & Specimen [1 marks]
3. Theory of Tensile test, stress, strain, Brittle & ductile material, etc [5
marks]
4. Experiment Procedure [2 marks]
5. Results [25]
6. Calculation of Stress, Strain, Youngs Modulus, etc [2]
7. Discussion

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Discuss the elastic & plastic behavior for each graph. Attach
picture of the failure specimen [6]
Calculate the modulus of elasticity and yield strength based on
0.2% offset. [2]
Determine the permanent strain that remains in the specimen
when the load is released [1]
Compute the modulus of resilience [1]
Compute the modulus of toughness [1]

8. Conclusion [2]
9. References [1]

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