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3. the post-independence
adaptations of the colonial concept of the centre, both in its institutional
and ideological manifestations, is the strongest cement in a comparative
analysis of how processes of state construction in India and Pakistan aided
the functioning of parliamentary democracy in one and its abortion in the
other.
7. With the spread of Western education a small elite could work the
institutions of the colonial state to their own advantage. But access to these
institutions, though competitive, was limited to the select few. For the vast
majority of Indians, local bureaucrats such as the district collector - a
quintessential creation of the British administrative system - disbursed a
personalized form of patronage and judicial arbitration within the overall
context of a rule-bound, indirect and impersonalized institutional structure.
8.