1. What is the DC load voltage and ripple in this figure?

Figure 1
Solution,

V 1 120 V
V 2= = =24 V
N1 5

V p=V 2 2=24 V 2=34 V

Assuming an ideal diode and small ripple, the dc load voltage is

V L =34 V

V L 34 V
I L= = =6.8 mA
R L 5 k

I 6.8 mA
V R= = =0.566 V pp
fC (60 Hz)(100 F )

2. Figure 2 shows a voltage-polarity tester. It can be used to test a dc voltage of

unknown polarity. When the dc voltage is positive, the green LED lights up. When
the dc voltage is negative, the red LED lights up. What is the approximate LEC
current if the dc input voltage is 50V and the series resistance is 2.2k?

Solution,
We will use a forward voltage of
approximately 2V for either LED.
 V S V D 50 V 2 V
I s= = =21.8 mA
RS 2.2 k

3. Determine the minimum and maximum load currents for which the Zener diode in
Figure 3 will maintain regulation. What is the minimum R L that can be used? VZ =
12V, IZK = 1mA, and IZM = 50mA. Assume an ideal Zener diode where Z Z = 0 and
VZ remains a constant 12V over the range of current values.

Figure 3
Solution,

V V Z 24 V 12 V
I Z(max )=I T = = =25.5 mA
R 470

I Z(min)=0 mA

The maximum value of IL occurs when IZ is minimum (IZ = IZK), so

I L(max) =I T I ZK =25.5 mA 1mA =24.5 mA

VZ 12 V
R L(min)= = =490
I L(max ) 24.5 mA

4. For a circuit shown. Vcc= 10, VBB= (2/5) VCC V, RB= 220 k, RC= 2k, = 200,
VBE(on)= 0.7V. The value of Ic and IB is ______ and _______ respectively.
 Figure 4
Solution,
V BB I B R BV BE=0

V BB V BE
I B=
RB

4 V 0.7 V
=15 A
220 k

I C =I B

200 (15 A )=3 m A

5. For the circuit shown in Figure 5 determine the I BQ, ICQ and VCEQ.

Figure 5
Solution,
V CC V BE
I BQ=
RB + (1+ ) ( RC + R E )
 12 V 0.7 V
=26.95 A
200 k+(1+50)(3.3 k+1 k)

I CQ =I BQ
50 ( 29.95 A )=1.3739 m A

V C =V CC I E ( RC +R E )

12V 1.3739 mA ( 3.3 k+1 k )=6.09 V

6. Calculate the small-signal voltage gain of an emitter-follower circuit. For the

circuit shown in Figure 6, assume the transistor parameters are = 100, V BE(on) =
0.7V, and VA = 80V. And the dc analysis shows that I CQ = 0.793mA and VCEQ =
3.4V. Use hybrid- parameters.

Figure 6
Solution,
V T (0.026)(100)
r = = =3.28 k
I CQ 0.793 mA
 I CQ 0.793 mA
gm= = =30.5 mA / V
VT 26 mV

VA 80 V
r o= = 100 k
I CQ 0.793 mA

100|2 )=201 k
Rib =3.28+(101)

Rb=50||50||201=22.2 k

100|2 )

100|2 )

3.28+(101)
(101)
AV =

7. Determine the voltage gain of the swamped amplifier in Figure 619. Assume
that the bypass capacitor has a negligible reactance for the frequency at which
the amplifier is operated. Assume re = 20 .

Figure 7
Solution,
re+ R
I b ( E1)
I b RC
AV =

10 r e R E 1

RC 3.3 k
AV = = =10
R E 1 330 k