Day 6

LOAD COMBINATIONS

Problem 1: Portal Frame with 3 Load Combinations

Data:

Length: 4.0m Height: 4.0m

Column & Beam sizes: 380 x 230mm

Loads: DL=40KN/m LL=20KN/m

Load Comb: 1.DL 2.LL 3. 1.5(DL+LL)

DL-40 kN/m LL-20 kN/m

B C B C

0.23 X 0.38m 0.23 X 0.38m

4.00
4.00

A D A D
4.00 4.00

0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m

CASE - 1 CASE - 2

1.5 * (LL + DL)

B C

0.23 X 0.38m
4.00

A D
4.00

0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m

CASE - 3

1. Geometry Creation :

New Project Select Plane Unit:Length =meters; Force=KN;

File Name=Portal Frame Next

Select Add beam Finish. Go to front view.

Click Snap Node/beam Edit X-Y Plane

X Right 4m spacing 1m
Y Right 4m spacing 1m

Click (0,0), (0,4), (4,4) & (4,0) and Press Esc.

Switch off the grid by closing Snap/ Nodal beam.

Click dimension icon and verify the Geometry created.

2. Member Property :

Click General Property Define Rectangle YD=0.38 ZD=0.23

Add Close. Highlight YD=0.38 ZD=0.23 and Select entire

structure Assign to selected beam Assign Yes Close.

3. Supports :

Click Support Create Fixed Add. Highlight support 2 and select

bottom support nodes by windowing using node cursor Assign to

selected nodes Assign Yes Close De select the nodes and

change to beam cursor.

4. Loading :

Click Load & Definition Click Load case details Add.

Primary Number 1 loading type: Dead Title: DL Add.

Click Load case details Add.

Number 2 Loading type: Live

Title: LL Add.

Click Load case details Add.

Click Define Combination Load Number: 3

Name: 1.5 (DL+LL) Normal Factor Default :1.5

Load case 1 1=1.5

Load case 2 2=1.5 Close.

Click Load case 1 Add Member Load uniform Force w1=-40 Gy

Add.

Click Load case 2 Add Member Load uniform Force w1=-20 Gy

Add.

Highlight DL=-40 and select beam member Assign to selected beam

Assign YesClose.

Highlight LL=-20 and select beam member Assign to selected beam

Assign YesClose.

Load List:

Main menuCommandsLoading Load List (select Load combination 3

Load List OkClose.

5. Analysis Type:

Click Analysis/print No print Add Close.

Click post print Define commands Analysis resultsAdd Close,

Note: Save the File and Run the Program.

6. Analysis :

From Main Menu ` Analysis Run Analysis Done.

Select the member and double click on it Shear bending Close.

7. Results :

Go to post processing mode. Maximize screen. Select Load comb

and see the deflections.

Click Bending Moment icon Mz

Results View valueBeam results

Bending Moment Ends Mid span

Click Shear Force Fy icon

Results View valueBeam results

Shear Force Ends

Click Axial Force icon FX

Results View valueBeam results

Axial Force Ends

Report:

Click Report set up.

Available Selected

Input Sections
Supports
Loadings
Output Beam End Forces
Reactions
Beam max. Axial Forces
Beam Max. Moments
Beam Force Details Summary Ok
Report Preview Report.

Problem 2: LOAD COMBINATIONS WITH WIND LOAD

Load cases to be considered:

Load case 1: DL

Load case 2: LL

Load case 3: WL X+ve

Load case 4: WL X ve and Load combination, Load envelope.

1.Geometry Creation :
New Project Select Plane units: Length =meters; Force=KN;
File Name=Portal Frame Next
Select Add beam Finish.
Click Snap Node/beam Edit
X-Y Plane
X Right 4m spacing 1m
Y Right 3m spacing 1m
Click (0,0), (0,3), (4,3) & (4,0) and Press Esc.

DL-40 kN/m LL-20 kN/m

B C B C

0.23 X 0.38m 0.23 X 0.38m

4.00

4.00

A D A D
4.00 4.00

0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m

CASE - 1 CASE - 2

20 kN C B 20 kN
B C

0.23 X 0.38m 0.23 X 0.38m

4.00

4.00

A D A D
4.00 4.00

0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m

WIND LOAD X + VE WIND LOAD X - VE

CASE - 3 CASE - 4

Switch off the grid by closing Snap/ Nodal beam.

Click dimension icon and verify the Geometry created.
2. Member Property :
Click General Property Define Rectangle YD=0.3 ZD=0.23
Add YD=0.35 ZD=0.23AddClose. Highlight YD=0.30 ZD=0.23 and
Select column member Assign to selected beam Assign Yes.
Highlight YD=0.35 ZD=0.23 and select beam member Assign to
selected beam Assign Yes Close.
3. Supports :
Click Support Create Fixed Add. Highlight support 2 and select
bottom support nodes by windowing using node cursor Assign to
selected nodes Assign Yes Close De select the nodes and
change to beam cursor.
4. Loading :
Click Load & Definition Click Load case details Add.
Primary Number 1 loading type: Dead Title: DL Add close.
Click Load case details Add.
Number 2 Loading type: Live
Title: LL Add close .
Click Load case details Add.
Number 3 Loading type: Wind
Title: WL in X+ve Add close .
Click Load case details Add.
Number 4 Loading type: Wind
Title: WL in X-ve Add close
Click Load case details Add.
Click Load Combination Load Number: 5
Name: 1.5 (DL+LL) Normal Factor Default :1.5
Load case 1(DL) 1=1.5
Load case 2(LL) 2=1.5 Close.
Click Load case details Add.
Click Load Combination Load Number: 6
Name: 1.5 (DL+WL X+ve) Normal Factor Default :1.5
Load case 1 (DL) 1=1.5
Load case 3 (WL X+ve) 3=1.5 Close.
Click Load case details Add.
Click Load Combination Load Number: 7
Name: 1.5 (DL+WL X-ve) Normal Factor Default :1.5
Load case 1(DL) 1=1.5
Load case 4 (WL X-ve) 4= (-)1.5 Close.
Click Load case 1 Add Member Load uniform Force w1=-40 Gy
Add.
Click Load case 2 Add Member Load uniform Force W1=-20 Gy
Add.
Click Load case 3 Add Nodal Load FX=20 Add.
Click Load case 4 Add Nodal Load FX=-20 Add.
Highlight DL=-40 and select beam member Assign to selected beam
Assign YesClose.
Highlight LL=-20 and select beam member Assign to selected beam
Assign YesClose.
Highlight WL X+ve =20 KN and select node cursor and select left node at
top
Assign to selected nodes Assign YesClose.
Highlight WL X-ve =-20 KN and select node cursor and select left node at
top
Assign to selected nodes Assign YesClose.
Load List:
Main menuCommandsLoading Load List (select Load combination
from 5 to 7 Load List OkClose.
5. Analysis :
Click Analysis/print No print Add Close.
Click post print Define commands Analysis resultsAdd Close,
Note: Save the File and Run the Program.
6. Analysis:
From Main Menu ` Analysis Run Analysis Done.
Select the member and double click on it Shear bending Close.
7.Results :
Go to post processing mode. Maximize screen. Select various load comb
and see the deflections.
Click Bending Moment icon Mz
Results View valueBeam results
Bending Moment Ends Mid span
Click Shear Force Fy icon
Results View valueBeam results
Shear Force Ends
Click Axial Force icon FX
Results View valueBeam results
Axial Force Ends
Report:
Click Report set up.
Available Selected
Input Sections
Supports
Loadings
Output Beam End Forces
Reactions
Beam max. Axial Forces
Beam Max. Moments
Beam Force Details Summary Ok
Report Preview Report.
Problem 3: LOAD COMBINATIONS WITH 5 LOAD CASES
 DL-22 kN DL-22 kN LL-12 kN LL-12 kN

DL-40 kN/m LL-20 kN/m

B C B C

0.23 X 0.38m 0.23 X 0.38m

4.00

4.00
A D A D
4.00 4.00

0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m

CASE - 1 - DL CASE - 2 - LL

20 kN C B 20 kN
B C
0.23 X 0.38m 0.23 X 0.38m

4.00
4.00

A D A D
4.00 4.00

0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m 0.38 X 0.23m

CASE - 3 CASE - 4
WIND IN X + VE WIND IN X - VE

Various Load combinations to be considered as per IS 456-2000 for limit

State of collapse)
1. 1.5(DL+LL) (Load case 1 & 2)
2. 1.5(DL+W X+ve (Load case 1 & 3)
3. 1.5(DL+W X-ve) (Load case 1 & 4)
4. 1.2(DL+LL+W X+ve) (Load case 1, 2 & 3)
5. 1.2(DL+LL+W X-ve) (Load case 1, 2 & 4)
1.Geometry Creation :

New Project Select Plane units: Length =meters; Force=KN;

File Name=Portal Frame Next
Select Add beam Finish.
Click Snap Node/beam Edit
X-Y Plane
X Right 4m spacing 1m
Y Right 3m spacing 1m
Click (0,0), (0,3), (4,3) & (4,0) and Press Esc.

Switch off the grid by closing Snap/ Nodal beam.

Click dimension icon and verify the Geometry created.
2. Member Property :
Click General Property Define Rectangle YD=0.3 ZD=0.23
Add YD=0.35 ZD=0.23AddClose. Highlight YD=0.30 ZD=0.23 and
Select column member Assign to selected beam Assign Yes.
Highlight YD=0.35 ZD=0.23 and select beam member Assign to
selected beam Assign Yes Close.
3. Supports :
Click Support Create Fixed Add. Highlight support 2 and select
bottom support nodes by windowing using node cursor Assign to
selected nodes Assign Yes Close De select the nodes and
change to beam cursor.
4. Loading :
Click Load & Definition Click Load case details Add.
Primary Number 1 loading type: Dead Title: DL Add close.
Click Load case details Add.
Number 2 Loading type: Live
Title: LL Add close .
Click Load case details Add.
Number 3 Loading type: Wind
Title: WL in X+ve Add close .
Click Load case details Add.
Number 4 Loading type: Wind
Title: WL in X-ve Add close
Click Load case details Add.
Click Load Combination Load Number: 5
Name: 1.5 (DL+LL) Normal Factor Default :1.5
Load case 1(DL) 1=1.5
Load case 2(LL) 2=1.5 Close.
Click Load case details Add.
Click Load Combination Load Number: 6
Name: 1.5 (DL+WL X+ve) Normal Factor Default :1.5
Load case 1 (DL) 1=1.5
Load case 3 (WL X+ve) 3=-1.5 Close.
Click Load case details Add.
Click Load Combination Load Number: 7
Name: 1.5 (DL+WL X-ve) Normal Factor Default :1.5
Load case 1(DL) 1=1.5
Load case 4 (WL X-ve) 4=(-) 1.5 Close.
Click Load case details Add.
Click Load Combination Load Number: 8
Name: 1.2 (DL+LL+WL X +ve) Normal Factor Default :1.2
Load case 1(DL) 1=1.2
Load case 2(LL) 2=1.2
Load case 3 (WL X+ve) 3=-1.2 Close.
Click Load case details Add.
Click Load Combination Load Number: 9
Name: 1.2 (DL+LL+WL X-ve) Normal Factor Default :1.2
Load case 1(DL) 1=1.2
Load case 2(LL) 2=1.2
Load case 4 (WL X-ve) 4=(-) 1.2 Close.
Click Load case 1 DL Add Member Load uniform Force w1=-40 Gy
Add.
Nodal Load Fy=-22 Y Add.
Click Load case 2 LL Add Member Load uniform Force w1=-20 Gy
Add.
Nodal Load Fy=-12 Y Add.
Click Load case 3 Wind X+ve Add Nodal Load FX=20 Add.
Click Load case 4 Wind X ve Add Nodal Load FX=-20 Add.
Highlight Load case 1 DL=-40 and select beam member Assign to
selected beam Assign Yes.
Highlight Nodal Load FY=-22 and using Node cursor select Node 2 & 3
Assign to selected nodes Assign YesClose.
Highlight Load case 2 LL=-20 and select beam member Assign to
selected beam Assign YesClose.
Highlight Nodal force Fy=-12 and select nodes 2 &3 Assign to selected
nodes Assign YesClose.

Highlight Load case 3 WL X+ve FX=20 KN and select node 2 Assign

to selected nodes Assign YesClose.
Highlight Load case 4 WL X-ve FX=-20 KN and select node 3 Assign to
selected nodes Assign YesClose.
Load List:
Main menuCommandsLoading Load List (select Load combination
from 5 to 9 Load List OkClose.
5. Analysis :
Click Analysis/print No print Add Close.
Click post print Define commands Analysis resultsAdd Close,
Note: Save the File and Run the Program.
6. Analysis:
From Main Menu ` Analysis Run Analysis Done.
Select the member and double click on it Shear bending Close.
7.Results :
Go to post processing mode. Maximize screen. Select various load comb
and see the deflections.
Click Bending Moment icon Mz
Results View valueBeam results
Bending Moment Ends Mid span
Click Shear Force Fy icon
Results View valueBeam results
Shear Force Ends
Click Axial Force icon FX
Results View valueBeam results
Axial Force Ends
Report:
Click Report set up.
Available Selected
Input Sections
Supports
Loadings
Output Beam End Forces
Reactions
Beam max. Axial Forces
Beam Max. Moments
Beam Force Details Summary Ok
Report Preview Report.