A Hepta-Band Antenna For Wireless Applications

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Technology & Research

Volume 1, Issue 4, Mar 2017 Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
A Hepta-Band Antenna For Wireless Applications

1 2
S.Thavamani, PG Student R.Anandan,Associate Professor
Department of Electronics and Communication Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Engineering,
DhanalakshmiSrinivasancollege of Engineering and DhanalakshmiSrinivasan college of Engineering and
Technology, Technology,
SH 49, Tamil Nadu, India. SH 49, Tamil Nadu, India.
manis.thava@gmail.com anandandscet@gmail.com
AbstractMicrostrip antennas are also known as printed the gain of the antenna. The multi-band antenna is designed to
antennas and they have a variety of applications in radar cover various applications in a single antenna with a simple
systems, microwave communication links, satellite structure to face the new challenges in wireless
communication systems, wireless and mobile communication communications [12].The inverted T-shaped slot antenna is
systems, medical equipment, etc. In this paper, a model of implemented with a single FR-4 substrate. The proposed
inverted T-shaped slot rectangular patch antenna is designed antenna is designed and simulated using High Frequency
and simulated to evaluate the performance. The proposed Structure Simulator (HFSS) tool. The HFSS is based on finite
antenna is designed to cover the common wireless element method. It is an industrial standard for simulating 3D
applications. The output results are taken and analyzed for full wave electromagnetic fields and provides good standard
their radiation pattern and transmission losses. The accuracy [13].The design equations are based on the
reference/characteristic impedance taken is 50 and the transmission line model and it is the easiest of all [4].The
operating frequency domain is 1.7GHz to 7.68 GHz. The proposed antenna is simple in structure.
microstrip patch antenna is encapsulated in the FR-4 low
cost substrate whose dielectric constant is 4.4. This paperdescribes the design and simulation of
microstrip patch antenna for the current wireless
communication systems, which operate at 1.7GHz to
KeywordsInverted T-shaped slot, Microstrip patch,
7.68GHZ band. The inverted T-shaped slot antenna covers all
defected ground structure (DGS).
the wireless applications such as GSM/Radio, WLAN, Wi-Fi,
I. INTRODUCTION Extended C-band, INSAT/Super Extended C-band and
Military standard (MIL-STD) 202.
An antenna acts as a transitional structure between free
space and guiding device [9]. There are various types of
II. DESIGN CALCULATIONS
antennas available such as wire antennas, aperture antennas,
reflector antennas, array antennas, lens antennas and
microstrip patch antennas.Of these the microstrip patch The width and length of the patch antenna are calculated
antenna is easy to fabricate and has the following by using transmission line design equations.
characteristics: low profile, light weight, simple and
inexpensive. It consists of a metallic or a radiating patch on The width of the microstrip patch antenna is given as in
one side of a dielectric substrate and a ground plane on the equation (1):
other side [7]. The different shapes of patches are square,
c 2
rectangular, circular etc. The proposed antenna is used to W= * (1)
2fo r+1
obtain multi-band operation with enhanced gain.
The proposed antenna is designed with an inverted T- where r= dielectric constant of the substrate
shaped slot on a radiating patch. The defected ground structure f0 = frequency of operation.
otherwise known as mid-hole technique [6],is used to enhance c = Velocity of light (3 * 108 m/s)
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The effective dielectric constant is:

TABLE I Design Specification
S.No.
+ / Parameters Values Unit
=
+
+ (2)
1 Ground Patch dimension (L*W) 46.2 * 56.4 mm2
where h=height of substrate.
The effective length is given as:

= (3)

The length extension is:
W
( reff 0.3)( 0.264)
L 0.412h (4)
h
W
( reff 0.258)( 0.8)
h
The actual length is obtained by: 2 Patch dimensions (L * W) 36.4 * 46.8 mm2
2 Relative Permittivity (r) 4.4 No
L = Leff- 2L (5)
3 Dielectric loss tangent (tan) 0.00018 No
For the design, the ground plane dimensions are 4 Resonant Frequency (fo) 1.95 GHz
given as:
5 Slots (L* W) 16 * 6, 14 * 6 mm2
Lg = 6h + L (6) 6 Square hole in ground (L * W) 4 *4 mm2
7 Feed (L* W) 8 *3 mm2
Wg = 6h + W (7)
Strip line feeding:

A strip line fed type-feeding technique is used in this design.
The feeding point must be located at that point on the patch IV. STRUCTURE OF PROPOSED DESIGN IN HFSS
where the input impedance is 50 ohms for the resonant The structure of the designed patch antenna is shown in
frequency. Fig. 1 in 3Dmodel. An inverted T-shaped slot is formed on the
patch element. The feed is applied in a horizontal polarization.
III.PROPOSED ANTENNA GEOMETRY Itis assigned with an air box boundary and virtual radiationto
The conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna is create far field radiation pattern and assigned with
designed on FR-4 Epoxy substrate material, having following anexcitation of the lump port.
specifications:
Substrate: FR-4 Epoxy, Height: 1.6 mm Fig.1 Design of patch antenna in HFSS
Here the rectangular patch has length and width 36.4 mm and V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
46.8 mm respectively. Four narrow slits are taken out from the The patch antenna is simulated using Ansoft HFSS. Fig. 2
patch to improve the performance of the antenna as multi-band and Fig. 3 shows Return Loss and VSWR plot of the design.
functionality. The frequency of operation is taken as 1.95GHz.

A. Return loss
It is a measure of the reflected energy from a transmitted

signal, which is commonly expressed in decibels (dB). Fig.3 VSWR of the antenna
Larger the value, lesser is the energy reflected. The results
obtained are shown in figure 2. From the above results, we can say that the designed antenna
is having seven bands of operations. Return loss parameter
Fig.2 Return Loss of the antenna with frequency. obtained at all these frequencies has value less than -10dB.
The value of VSWR at all these resonating frequency bands is
also between 1 and 2. Hence, we can say that designed
Ansoft
NameCorporation
X
4.00
m1 1.7000
Y
1.6955
XY Plot 3 HFSSDesign1
antenna, which is resonating at seven different resonating
Curve Info
m2
m3
4.1500
5.7950
1.5231
1.5437
VSWR(LumpPort1) frequencies, is a multi-band antenna. Fig. 4 shows 3D polar
Setup1 : Sw eep1
3.50
m4 6.5650 1.1428 plot of the proposed design. Total directivity of the proposed
m5 6.6700 1.1571
m6
3.00
6.9500 1.6717 antenna is 3.984 dB.
m7 7.6850 1.2358
2.50
VSWR(LumpPort1)
2.00
m1 m6
m2 m3
1.50
m7
m5
m4
1.00
0.50
0.00
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
Freq [GHz]
B. VSWR
VSWR stands for voltage standing wave ratio. It is a function

of the reflection coefficient, which describes the power Fig.4 Directivity plot of the proposed antenna
reflected from the antenna. For small VSWR, the antenna is
better matched to the transmission line and more power is C. Gain
delivered to the antenna. Figure shows VSWR plot of
proposed design.

Total gain of the proposed antenna is 3.314 dB. Fig. 5 shows

Radiation Pattern 43
Ansoft Corporation
3D HFSSDesign1
polar 0 Curve Info

dB(rEPhi)
-30
plot of -2.00
30 Setup1 : LastAdaptive
dB(rEPhi)_1
the -9.00
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
dB(rEPhi)_2
-60
propos -16.00
60
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
ed
-23.00
design
-90
. 90
Fig.5
-120 120
Gain
plot of
-150 150
-180
the
propos
ed antenna
Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 53 HFSSDesign1
Fig.6 0 Curve Info Peak

dB(NearEPhi)
Gain -30
27.20
30 Setup1 : LastAdaptive plot of
dB(NearEPhi)_1
the Setup1 : LastAdaptive
24.40
-60 60
21.60
18.80
-90 90
-120 120
-150 150
-180
proposed antenna
D. Radiation Pattern:
The term radiation pattern refers to the directional
(angular) dependence of the strength of the radio waves from Fig.8 Far field Radiation Pattern of the proposed antenna
the antenna or other source. The radiation pattern for the
proposed patch antenna is shown in Figure 7. Fig.9 Near field Radiation Pattern of the proposed antenna
Fig.7 Radiation Pattern of the proposed antenna TABLE II Results

Sl.No. Operating
Band Return Loss (dB) VSWR Gain (dB)
(GHz)
1 1.7 -11.76 1.69 3.89
2 4.15 -13.66 1.52 5.67
3 5.78 -13.4 1.54 7.44
4 6.56 -23.52 1.14 8.32
5 6.67 -22.75 1.15 7.79

TABLE II Results [6] Arun Singh Kirar, Dr. P. K. Singhal, Design &
Sl.No. Operating Analysis Of An Inverted-T Shaped Antenna With
Band Return Loss (dB) VSWR Gain (dB)
(GHz)
DGS For Wireless Communication,International
Journal of Advanced Research in Computer
6 6.96 -11.99 1.64 9.27
Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 2,
7 7.68 -19.91 1.23 9.27 Issue 7,ISSN: 2278 1323, July 2013, pp 2302-2306.
[7] Constantine A.Balanis,Antenna Theory analysis and
VI.CONCLUSION design,Wiley India edition, 3 rdEdition 2005.
[8] Deepak, DhaynendraParasharDr.VinodK.Singh ,
Theinverted T- shaped slotantenna has been designed
Rajeev S. Pathak, A study on inverted T shaped
using flame retardant (FR-4) substrate with a dielectric
micro strip antenna at different frequencies,
constant value of 4.4. The proposed structure is simulated
International Journal Of Engineering And Computer
using HFSS simulator. From the results obtained in figure 2, it
Science, ISSN:2319-7242, Volume 2, Issue 11
is evident that the proposed antenna can be used for real time
Nov.2013, Pp 3180-3183.
wireless applications for attenuating the frequency, ranging
from 1.7GHz to 7.68 GHz. This antennaachieves a good return [9] John d Kraus,antennas, 2ndedition,Tata McGraw
loss and gain of about 3.31dB. Hill Company Limited,1997.
[10] Gada Mahmood Faisal, Kaydar Majeed Quboa, Dia
Mohamad Ali,Quad-Band Dual-Layer Microstrip
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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017