PIPE

V.I.P.
PROBLEMS
PRIME MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
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PROBLEM 1 M
E
What is the hydraulic gradient of a 1 mile,
17 inches inside diameter pipe when 3300 R
gal/min if water flow with f=0.03. E
V
A. 0.00714 C. 0.00614
I
B. 0.00234 D. 0.00187 E
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SOLUTION 1 M
E
Hydraulic gradient:
hL fv 2 R
= E
L 2gD V
Where: I
Q = Av E
Q
v= = 2
Q W
A D
4
gal 1 ft3 1 min C
3300
v=
min 7.48 gal 60 sec E
2
17
ft N
4 12
ft T
v = 4.66483 E
s
R
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SOLUTION 1 M
E
Thus,
ft 2 R
hL 0.03 4.66483 E
s
= V
L ft 17 I
2 32.2 2 ft
s 12 E
W
= .

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PROBLEM 2 M
E
A 1 m x 1.5m cylindrical tank is full of oil with
SG=0.92. Find the force acting at the bottom of R
the tank in dynes. E
V
A. 106.33 x 103 dynes C. 106.33 x 104 dynes
I
B. 106.33 x 105 dynes D. 106.33 x 106 dynes E
W

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SOLUTION 2 M
E
From,
F R
P= E
A V
F = PA = f hA = SGf w hA I
N 2 E
F = 0.92 9810 3 1.5 m 1m
m 4 W
100,000 dynes
F = 10632.56326 N C
1N
E
F = 106.3256 107 dynes N
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SOLUTION 2 M
E
Instead of,
F = 106.3256 107 dynes R
E
V
Answer, I
= . E
W

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PROBLEM 3 M
E
Find the pressure at the 100 fathom depth
of water in kPag. R
E
A. 1793.96 kPag C. 1893.96 kPag
V
B. 1993.93 kPag D. 1693.96 kPag I
E
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SOLUTION 3 M
E
From,
P = f h R
kN 6 ft 1m E
P= 9.81 100 fathom V
m 3 1 fathom 3.281 ft
I
P=1,793.9653 kPag
E
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PROBLEM 4 M
E
Find the depth in furlong of the ocean,
SG=1.03, if the pressure at the sea bed is R
2,032.56 kPag. E
V
A. 1 C. 3
I
B. 2 D. 4 E
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SOLUTION 4 M
E
From,
P = f h R
P P E
h= = V
f SGf w
2,032.56 kPa I
h= = 201.1579 m E
kN
1.03 9.81 3 W
m
3.281 ft 1 furlong
h = 201.1579 m C
1m 660 ft
E
= . N
T
E
R
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PROBLEM 5 M
E
Find the mass of 10 quartz of water.
R
A. 10.46 kg C. 9.46 kg* E
B. 11.46 kg D. 8.46 kg V
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SOLUTION 5 M
E
From,
m R
=
V E
m = V V
kg 1gal 3.7854 L 1m3 I
m = 1000 3 10 qtz E
m 4qtz 1 gal 1000 L
= . W

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PROBLEM 6 M
E
Find the mass of carbon dioxide having a
pressure of 20 psia and 200oF with 10ft3 R
volume. E
V
A. 1.04 lbs C. 1.14 lbs
I
B. 1.24 lbs* D. 1.34 lbs E
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SOLUTION 6 M
E
From,
PV = mRT R
PV E
m= V
RT
lbf 144 in2 3 I
20 2 10 ft E
in ft 2
m= W
ft lbf
1545
lbmol R 200 + 460 R
lbm C
44
lbmol E
= . N
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E
R
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PROBLEM 7 M
E
Find the heat needed to raise the
temperature of water from 30C to 100C R
with 60% quality. Consider atmospheric E
pressure of 101.325 kPa. Use approximate V
enthalpy formula of liquid. I
E
A. 293.09 kJ/kg C. 1,772.90 kJ/kg
W
B. 1,547.90 kJ/kg D. 1,647.29 kJ/kg
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SOLUTION 7 M
E
For total heat,
QT = mw cpw t f t i + mw hs hf R
QT E
= cpw t f t i + hs hf V
mw
Solving for hs and hf , I
kJ E
hf = cpw t = 4.187 100 0 = 418.7 W
kg
hs = hf + xhfg
C
kJ kJ kJ E
hs = 418.7 + 0.60 2257 = 1772.9
kg kg kg N
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SOLUTION 7 M
E
QT
= 4.187 100 30 + 1772.9 418.7 R
mw
E
= , . V

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PROBLEM 8 M
E
Find the enthalpy of water at 212F and
14.7 psia if the dryness factor is 30%. Use R
the approximate enthalpy formula of liquid. E
V
A. 461 Btu/lb C. 471 Btu/lb*
I
B. 481 Btu/lb D. 491 Btu/lb E
W

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SOLUTION 8 M
E
From,
h = hf + xhfg R
Where, E
Btu V
hf = cpw t = 1.0 212 32 I
lb F
Btu E
hf = 180 W
lbm
kJ Btu
hfg = 2257 = 970 C
kg lbm
Thus, E
Btu Btu N
h = 180 + 0.3 970 = T
lbm lbm
E
R
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PROBLEM 9 M
E
An air compressor consumed 1200 kW-hr
per day of energy. The electric motor R
driving the compressor has an efficiency of E
80%. If indicated power of the compressor is V
34 kW, find the mechanical efficiency if the I
compressor. E
W
A. 117.65% C. 75%
B. 85%* D. 90% C
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SOLUTION 9 M
E
From,
Pim R
m = E
Wc
Also, V
Wc I
c =
Wac E
Then, W
Pim 34 kW
m = = x100
c Wac kW hr 1 days C
0.8 1200
day 24 hrs E
= % N
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PROBLEM 10 M
E
A dual cycle has an initial temperature of
30C. The compression ratio is 6 and the R
heat addition at constant volume process is E
600 kJ/kg. If cut-off ratio is 2.5, find the V
maximum temperature of the cycle. I
E
A. 3638.50C C. 3365.50C*
W
B. 3565.50C D. 3965.50C
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SOLUTION 10 R
I
M
QA
E
P
3 4
P=c R
QA s=c
E
V=c
V
I
5
2 E
W
s=c
C
E
1
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SOLUTION 10 M
E
From,
T2 V1
k1 R
= E
T1 V2
V
T2 = 30 + 273.15 6 1.41 I
T2 = 620.752 K E
From, W
QA = mcv T3 T2
kJ kJ C
600 = 0.7186 T3 620.752 K
kg kg K E
T3 = 1455.709 K N
T
E
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SOLUTION 10 M
E
Thus,
T4 R
rc = E
T3
T4 = rc T3 V
T4 = 2.5 1455.709 K I
T4 = 3639.272 K E
= 3366.122 W

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PROBLEM 11 M
E
A three stages air compressor compresses
air from 100 kPa and 1000 kPa. Find the R
intercooler pressure between the first and E
second stage. V
I
A. 505.44 kPa C. 108.44 kPa
E
B. 316.23 kPa D. 215.44 kPa* W

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SOLUTION 11 M
E
From,
s R
Px = P1s1 P2 E
Px =
3
100 kPa 31 1000 kPa V
I
= .
E
W

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PROBLEM 12 M
E
A 3 stages air compressor compresses air
from 100kPa to 700 kPa. Find the R
intercooler pressure between the 2nd and 3rd E
stage. V
I
A. 365.88 kPa* C. 375.88 kPa
E
B. 385.88 kPa D. 395.88 kPa W

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SOLUTION 12 M
E
From,
s R
Py = P1 P2s1 E
Py =
3
100 kPa 700 kPa 31 V
I
= .
E
W

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PROBLEM 13 M
E
Carnot cycle A, B, and C are connected in
series so that the heat rejected from A will R
be the heat added to B and heat rejected E
from B will be added to C, each cycle V
operated between 30C and 400C. If heat I
added to A is 1000 kW, find the work E
output of C. W
A. 111.44 kW* C. 141.89 kW
C
B. 549.78 kW D. 247.53 kW E
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SOLUTION 13 M
QA = 1000 kW
E
For Carnot efficiency,
WA
TL R
A eA = eB = eC = 1 E
TH
30 + 273.15 V
QA = eA = 1
400 + 273.15 I
eA = eB = eC = 0.54965 E
B WB
Also, W
QB = QRA
eA = 1 C
QA
QRA E
C WC =?
0.54965 = 1 N
1000 kW
QRA = QAB = 450.3454 kW T
Q E
R
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SOLUTION 13 M
E
Also,
QRB R
eB = 1 E
QAB
QRA V
0.54965 = 1 I
450.3454 kW
QRB = QAC = 202.811 kW E
Thus, W
WC
eC = C
QAC
WC = eC QAC = 0.54965 202.811 kW E
N
= .
T
E
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PROBLEM 14 M
E
Air is compressed adiabatically from 30C
to 100C. If mass of air being compressed is R
5 kg. Find the change of entropy. E
V
A. 1.039 kJ/kg-K C. 0.746 kJ/kg-K
I
B. 0* D. 1.245 kJ/kg-K E
W

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SOLUTION 14 M
E
For adiabatic compression,
entropy, s = constant R
1 = 2 E
V
Thus, I
= E
W

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PROBLEM 15 M
E
A perfect gas has a value of R = 58.8 ft-
lb/lb-R and k = 1.26. If 20 Btu are added to R
10 lbs of this gas at constant volume when E
the initial temperature is 90F, find the V
final temperature. I
E
A. 97F* C. 104F
W
B. 154F D. 185F
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SOLUTION 15 M
E
from,
Q = mcv t R
R E
Q=m t V
k1
58.8
ft lbf I
lbm R 1 Btu
20 Btu = 10lbm t f 90 E
1.26 1 778 ft lbf
W
Thus,
= . C
E
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PROBLEM 16 M
E
Ammonia weighing 22 kgs is confirmed
inside a cylinder equipped with a piston has R
an initial pressure of 413 kPa at 38C. If E
3200 kJ of heat is added to the ammonia V
until its final pressure and temperature are I
413 kPa and 100C, respectively, what is E
the amount of work done by the fluid in kJ? W
A. 667* C. 304
C
B. 420 D. 502 E
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SOLUTION 16 M
E
from,
W = PV = mRT R
kJ E
8.314
W = 22 kg kmol K 100 38 V
kg I
17
kmol E
Thus, W
= .
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PROBLEM 17 M
E
A tank contains 90ft3 of air at a pressure if
350 psig, if the air is cooled until its R
pressure and temperature decreases to 200 E
psig and 70F, respectively, what is the V
decrease in internal energy? I
E
A. 6232.09 Btu C. -5552 Btu
W
B. 5552 Btu D. -6232.09 Btu*
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SOLUTION 17 M
E
from,
U = mcv T2 T1 R
E
Solving for m and T2 , V
P2 V2 = mRT2 I
lbf 144 in2 3 E
200 + 14.7 2 90 ft
in ft 2 W
m= = 98.4995 lbm
ft lbf
53.3 70 + 460 R
lbm R C
P1 P2 E
=
T1 T2 N
350 + 14.7 70 + 460 T
T1 = = 900.284 R
200 + 14.7 E
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SOLUTION 17 M
E
Thus,
U = mcv T2 T1 R
E
U = 98.4995 lbm 0.171 530 900.284 R
V
= , . I
E
W

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PROBLEM 18 M
E
A refrigeration plant is rated at 15 tons
capacity. How many pounds of air per hour R
will it cool from 70F to 90F at constant E
pressure? V
I
A. 50,000 lb/hr C. 37,500 lb/hr *
E
B. 52,000 lb/hr D. 45,000 lb/hr W

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SOLUTION 18 M
E
from,
QA = mcp t 2 t1 R
Btu E
12000 Btu V
15 tons hr = m 0.24 90 70 F
1 ton lb F I
E
= ,
W

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PROBLEM 19 M
E
Steam at 2 MPa and 250C in a rigid cylinder is
cooled until the quality is 30%. Find the heat R
rejected from the cylinder. E
V
At 2 MPa and 250C: v = 0.11144 m3/kg
I
u = 2679.6 kJ/kg E
At 2 MPa (sat): vf = 0.0011767 m3/kg W
vg = 0.09963 m3/kg
uf = 906.44; ufg = 1693.8 C
A. -432.23 kJ/kg C. -926.26 kJ/kg E
B. -1,265.02 kJ/kg* D. 1,082.34 kJ/kg N
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SOLUTION 19 M
E
from,
QR = U = U2 U1 R
E
Solving for U2 , V
U2 = Uf + xUfg I
kJ kJ E
U2 = 906.44 + 0.30 1693.8 W
kg kg
kJ C
U2 = 1414.58
kg E
Thus, N
kJ kJ T
U = 1414.58 2679.6 = .
kg kg E
R
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PROBLEM 20 M
E
Water substance at 70bar and 65C enters
a boiler at constant inside diameter of R
25mm. The water leaves the boiler tube at E
50bar and 700K at velocity of 150m/s.
V
Calculate the inlet velocity (m/s). From
steam table, I
E
At 70bar and 65C:v1 = 0.001017 m3/kg W
At 50bar and 700K: v2 = 0.06081 m3/kg
C
A. 1.56 C. 2.51* E
B. 1.672 D. 3.230 N
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SOLUTION 20 M
E
By conservation of mass,
m1 = m2 R
Q1 Q 2 E
=
1 2 V
A1 v1 A2 v2 I
=
1 2 E
v1 v2
= W
1 2
m
v1 150 s C
=
m3 m3 E
0.001017 0.06081
kg kg N

= . T
E
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PROBLEM 21 M
E
Water substance at 70bar and 65C enters
a boiler at constant inside diameter of R
35mm. The water leaves the boiler tube at E
50bar and 700K at velocity of 100m/s.
V
Calculate the inlet volume flow (L/s). From
steam table, I
E
At 70bar and 65C:v1 = 0.001017 m3/kg W
At 50bar and 700K:v2 = 0.06081 m3/kg
C
A. 0.821 C. 1.261 E
B. 0.344 D. 1.609* N
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SOLUTION 21 M
E
By conservation of mass,
m1 = m2 R
Q1 Q 2 E
=
1 2 V
Q1 A2 v2 I
=
1 2 E
m
Q1 0.035 m 2
100 W
= 4 s
m3 m3
0.001017 0.06081 C
kg kg
m 3
1000 L E
3
Q1 = 1.609 10 N
s m3
T
= . E

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PROBLEM 22 M
E
A certain coal has the following ultimate
analysis: R
C = 69%; E
N2 = 5%; V
H2 = 2.5%; I
S = 7% E
Determine the amount of oxygen if the W
heating value of fuel is 26,961.45 kJ/kg.
C
A. 1.5% C. 2.5% E
B. 3.5% D. 4.5%* N
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SOLUTION 22 M
E
From,
O
Q HV = 33,820C + 144212 H + 9304S , kJ/kg R
8
kJ O E
26961.45
kg
= 33,820 0.69 + 144212 0.025
8
+ 9304 0.07 V
O = 0.035 I
O = 3.5% E
W
Answer,
= . % C
E
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PROBLEM 23 M
E
A diesel engine consumed 945 liters of fuel
per day at 35C. If the fuel was purchased R
at 15.5C and 30API at P29.00/L, E
determine the cost of the fuel to operate the V
engine perday. I
E
A. P5,677.50 C. P4,677.50
W
B. P48,088.90 D. P27,127,76*
C
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SOLUTION 23 M
E
For total cost,
29.00 R
= 15.5
E
From, V
15.5 = 30 I
15.5 15.5 = 30 30 E
15.5 15.5 = 30 30
W
15.5 = 30 30
15.5
Where, C
141.5 141.5
15.5 = 131.5+ = 131.5+30 = 0.87616 E
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SOLUTION 23 M
E
and,
SGt = SG15.5 1 0.0007 t 15.5 R
SG30 = SG15.5 1 0.0007 30 15.5 E
SG30 = 0.867277 V
I
Thus, E
P29.00 SG30 V30
Cost = L SG15.5
W
L
P29.00 0.867277 945day
Cost = L 0.87616
C
= , . E
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PROBLEM 24 M
E
A cylindrical tank 4 m long and 3m
diameter used for oil storage. How many R
days can the tank supply the engine having E
27API with fuel consumption of 60 kg/hr? V
I
A. 17.53* C. 5.84
E
B. 12.84 D. 19.81 W

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SOLUTION 24 M
E
For the No. of days,
Vtank R
day tank =
Vfuel E
Where, V
m m
Vfuel = f = SG f I
f f w
Thus, E

3m 2 4m W
day tank = 4
kg 24 hrs
60 C
hr 1 day
kg E
0.8927 1000 3
m N
=17.529 days T
E
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PROBLEM 25 M
E
23.5 kg of steam per second at 5 MPa and 400C is
produced by a steam generator. The feedwater enters the R
economizer at 145C and leaves at 205C. The steam leaves E
the boiler drum with a quality of 98%. The unit consumes 3
kg of coal per second as received having a heating value of
V
25, 102 kJ/kg. What would be the overall efficiency of the I
unit in percent? E
Steam properties: W
At 5MPa and 400C: h = 3195.7 kJ/kg
At 5 MPa: hf = 1154.23 kJ/kg, hfg = 1640.1 kJ/kg
C
At 205C: hf = 875.04 kJ/kg
At 145C: hf = 610.63 kJ/kg E
A. 65.72% C. 80.67%* N
B. 88.28% D. 78.82% T
E
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SOLUTION 25 M
E
For overall efficiency,
m s hs hf R
o = 100
mf Q HV E
kg kJ kJ V
23.5 s 3195.7 610.63
kg kg I
o = 100
kg kJ E
3 s 25,102
kg W
= . %
C
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PROBLEM 26 M
E
A thermal powerplant generates 5 MW and
the heat generated by fuel is 13,000 kJ/s. If R
thermal efficiency is 36.15%, find the power E
needed for the auxiliaries. V
I
A. 310 kW C. 300 kW*
E
B. 400 kW D. 350 kW W

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SOLUTION 26 M
E
From thermal efficiency,
Wnet WT WA R
eo = =
QA QA E
5,000 kW WA V
0.3615 =
13,000 kW I
= . E
W

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PROBLEM 27 M
E
A steam condenser receives 10 kg/s of
steam with an enthalpy of 2770 kJ/kg. R
Steam condenses into a liquid and leaves E
with an enthalpy of 160 kJ/kg. Cooling V
water passes through the condenser with I
temperature increases from 13C to 24C. E
Calculate the water flow rate in kg/s. W
A. 583 C. 567*
C
B. 523 D. 528 E
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SOLUTION 27 M
E
By energy balance at the condenser,
ms h2 h3 = mw cpw t o t i R
m s h 2 h3 E
mw =
cpw t o t i V
kg kJ kJ I
10 s 2770 160
kg kg E
mw =
4.187
kJ
24 13 W
kg K

= . C
E
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PROBLEM 28 M
E
An 18,000 kW geothermal plant has a
generator efficiency and turbine efficiency R
of 90% and 80%, respectively. If the quality E
after throttling is 20% and each well V
discharges 400,000 kg/hr, determine the I
number of wells required to produce if the E
change of enthalpy at entrance and exit of W
turbine is 500 kJ/kg.
C
A. 4 wells C. 2 wells*
E
B. 6 wells D. 8 wells N
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SOLUTION 28 M
E
For the # of wells,
msT R
# of wells = m
d
well E
From the problem, V
0.20 =
ms
I
msT
E
ms = 0.20msT
Also,
W
Pgen Pgen Pgen
o = WT
=m = 0.20m C
s h sT h

T gen = 0.20m
Pgen
E
sT h
Pgen 16000 kg N
msT = 0.20 = 0.20 0.8 = 222.22 T
T gen h 0.9 (500) s
E
R
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SOLUTION 28 M
E
thus,
kg 3600 s R
222.22 s
# of wells = 1 hr E
kg
400,000 V
hr
well I
# = E
W

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PROBLEM 29 M
E
An engine generator rated 9000 kVA at 80
power factor, 3 phase, 4160 V has an R
efficiency of 90%. If overall plant efficiency E
is 28%, what is the heat generated by the V
fuel? I
E
A. 18,8000 kW C. 28,8000 kW
W
B. 7,500 kW D. 25,714 kW*
C
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E
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SOLUTION 29 M
E
From,
Pgen pf kVA R
o = =
Qf Qf E
pf kVA 0.8 9000 kW V
Qf = =
o 0.28 I
= , . E
W

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PROBLEM 30 M
E
In a gas turbine unit, air enters the
combustion chamber at 550 kPa, 277C and R
43m/s. The products of combustion leave E
the combustor at 511 kPa, 1004C and 180 V
m/s. Liquid fuel enters with a heating value I
of 43,000 kJ/kg. For fuel-air ratio of 0.0229, E
what is the combustor efficiency of the unit W
in percent?
C
A. 70.38% C. 79.38%
E
B. 75.38%* D. 82.38% N
T
E
R
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R
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SOLUTION 30 M
E
For combustor efficiency,
1 R
Q s + KE m c t
a pa 3 t 2 + ma v32 v22
ec = = 2 E
Qf mf Q HV
V
From the problem,
mf I
= 0.0229
m a E
mf = 0.0229ma W
1 2 2
m a 180 43
ma 1 1004 277 + 2 1000 C
ec = 100 E
0.0229ma 43,000
= . % N
T
E
R
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R
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PROBLEM 31 M
E
A 305mm x 457mm four stroke single
acting diesel engine is rated at 150 kW and R
260 rpm. Fuel consumption at rated load is E
0.56 kg/kW-hr with a heating value of V
43,912 kJ/kg. Calculate brake thermal I
efficiency. E
W
A. 10.53% C. 27.45%
B. 14.64%* D. 18.23% C
E
N
T
E
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SOLUTION 31 M
E
For brake thermal efficiency,
PBE R
ebth = 100
mf Q HV E
150 kW
ebth = 100 V
kg 1 hr kJ I
0.56 150 kW 43912
kW hr 3600 s kg E
= . % W

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PROBLEM 32 M
E
A turbine has a mechanical efficiency of
93%, volumetric efficiency of 95%, and total R
efficiency of 82%. If effective head is 40m, E
find the total head. V
I
A. 48.72m C. 40.72m
E
B. 36.22m* D. 34.72m W

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SOLUTION 32 M
E
From,
ht R
eh =
he E
ht = eh he V
Where, I
et = em ev eh E
et
eh = e e
m v
W
Thus,
ht =
et
h =
0.80
40m C
em ev e 0.93 0.95
E
= . N
T
E
R
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R
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PROBLEM 33 M
E
The gas density of chimney is 0.75 kg/m3
and air density is 1.15 kg/m3. Find the R
driving pressure if the height of the E
chimney is 63.71m. V
I
A. 0.15 kPa C. 0.25 kPa*
E
B. 0.35 kPa D. 0.45 kPa W

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SOLUTION 33 M
E
From,
Pd = H a a g R
kg kg m E
Pd = 63.71 m 1.15 3 0.75 3 9.81 2
m m s V
Pd = 249.99804 Pa I
= . E
W

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PROBLEM 34 M
E
The actual velocity if gas entering in a
chimney is 8 m/sec. The gas temperature if R
25C with a gas constant of 0.287 kJ/kg-K. E
Determine the gas pressure for a mass of V
gas is 50,000 kg/hr and chimney diameter I
of 1.39 m. E
W
A. 95 kPa C. 98 kPa*
B. 101 kPa D. 92 kPa C
E
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E
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SOLUTION 34 M
E
From ideal-gas equation,
Pg Vg = mg R g Tg R
Pg Av = mg R g Tg E
50,000
kg V
m hr
Pg 1.39m 2
8 = 0.287 25 + 273.15 I
4 2 s
3,600
hr E
= . W

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PROBLEM 35 M
E
A foundation measures 12 ft x 14 ft x 16ft.
Find the number of sacks of cement needed R
for 1:2:4 mixture. E
V
A. 302 C. 404
I
B. 356 D. 598* E
W

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SOLUTION 35 M
E
For 1:2:4 mixture,
1 yd3 = 6 sacks of cement R
E
Then, V
1 yd 3 6 sacks I
No. of sacks = 12ft 14ft 16ft
3 ft 1yd3
E
No. of sacks = 597.33 sacks
W
. =
C
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PROBLEM 36 M
E
A rectangular foundation cross-section has
a bed plate dimension of 8ft x 10ft. The R
uniform clearance on each side is 1 ft. The E
height of foundation is 4.5 ft. If the weight V
of the steel bar reinforcements needed is I
% of the weight of the foundation, find the E
weight of steel bars. Use concrete density of W
2400 kg/m3.
C
A. 173.47 kg C. 183.47 kg*
E
B. 163.47 kg D. 153.47 kg N
T
E
R
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SOLUTION 36 M
E
For the weight of the steel bars,
1 R
Wst = % Wf
2 E
1 V
Wst = % f Vf I
2
1 kg 1m
3 E
Wst = % 2400 3 8 + 2 10 + 2 (4.5)ft 3 W
2 m 3.281 ft
= .
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PROBLEM 37 M
E
Brine enters a circulating brine cooler at
the rate of 60m3/hr at -8C and leaves at - R
18C. Specific heat of brine is 1.072 kJ/kg-K E
and specific gravity of 1.12. Determine the V
tons of refrigeration. I
E
A. 53.5 TR C. 65.3 TR
W
B. 33.5 TR D. 56.9 TR*
C
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E
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SOLUTION 37 M
E
From,
Q A = mCt R
Solving for m, E
m = V = SGw V V
m3
m = 1.12
kg
1000 3 60
1 hr
= 18.667
kg
I
m hr 3600 s s
Thus, E
kg kJ W
18.667 s 1.072 8 18
kg K
QA =
kW C
3.516 ton
E
= . N
T
E
R
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R
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PROBLEM 38 M
E
A turbo-charged, 16 cylinder, Vee-type diesel engine
has an air consumption of 3,000 kg/hr per cylinder R
at rated load and speed. This air is drawn in E
through a filter by a centrifugal compressor directly
connected to the exhaust gas turbine. The
V
temperature of the air from the compressor is 135C I
and a counter flow air cooler reduces the air E
temperature to 45C before it goes to the engine W
suction header. Cooling water enters the air cooler
at 30C and leaves 40C. Calculate the log mean C
temperature difference.
E
A. 47.23C C. 87.82C
B. 43.34C* D. 65.24C N
T
E
R
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R
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SOLUTION 38 M
E
From,
t A t B R
LMTD =
t
ln A E
t B V
135 40 45 30
LMTD = I
135 40 E
ln
45 30
= . W

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PROBLEM 39 M
E
Water is flowing in a pipe with radius of 30
cm at a velocity of 5 m/s at the temperature R
in the pipe. The density and viscosity of the E
water are as follows: density = 997.9 kg/m3, V
viscosity = 1.131 Pa-s. What is the Reynolds I
number for this situation? E
W
A. 2647* C. 96.2
B. 3100 D. 1140 C
E
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E
R
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SOLUTION 39 M
E
From,
Dv R
Re =
E
kg m V
997.9 3 2 0.30 m 5s
m I
Re =
1.131 Pa s E
= .
W

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PROBLEM 40 M
E
Compute the amount of condensate formed
during 10 minutes warm-up of 180 m pipe R
conveys the saturated steam with enthalpy E
vaporization hfg = 1947.8 kJ/kg. The V
minimum external temperature of pipe is I
2C. The final temperature of pipe is 195C. E
The specific heat of pipe material is 0.6 W
kJ/kg-C. The specific weight is 28 kg/m.
C
A. 249.69 kg C. 928.45 kg
E
B. 299.64 kg * D. 423.45 kg N
T
E
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SOLUTION 40 M
E
By energy balance,
Q Rsteam = Q Apipe R
mc hfg = mp cp t E
mp cp t V
mc =
hfg I
kg kJ E
180 m 28 m 0.6 195 2
kg K W
mc =
kJ
1947.8
kg C
E
= .
N
T
E
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R
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PROBLEM 41 M
E
The discharge pressure of an air
compressor is 5 times the suction pressure. R
If volume flow at suction is 0.1 m3/sec, E
what is the suction pressure if compressor V
work is 19.57 kW? (use n = 1.35) I
E
A. 97 kPa C. 99 kPa
W
B. 98 kPa* D. 100 kPa
C
E
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E
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SOLUTION 41 M
E
from,
n1
R
n P2 n
W= P1 V1 1 E
n1 P1
1.351
V
1.35 m 3
5P1 1.35 I
19.57 kW = P 0.1 1 E
1.35 1 1 s P1
= . W

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PROBLEM 42 M
E
The gain of entropy during isothermal
nonflow process of 5 lb of air at 60F is R
0.462 Btu/R. Find the V1/V2. E
V
A. 3.85 C. 0.259*
I
B. 1.0 D. 0.296 E
W

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SOLUTION 42 M
E
For isothermal non-flow process,
V2 R
s = mRT ln
V1 E
s V2 V
= mR ln
T V1 I
Btu ft lbf 1 Btu V2 E
0.462 = 5 lb 53.3 ln
R lbm R 778 ft lbf V1 W
V2
= 3.8525
V1 C
V1 1 E
= = .
V2 3.8525 N
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E
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PROBLEM 43 M
E
An auditorium seating 1500 people is to be
maintained at 80F dry bulb and 65F wet R
bulb temperature when outdoor air is at E
91F dry bulb and 75F wet bulb. Solar V
heat load is 110,000 Btu/hr an supply air is I
at 60F, determine the amount of supply E
air. W
A. 93,229.17 lb/hr C. 73,229.17 lb/hr
C
B. 83,229.17 lb/hr D. 63,229.17 lb/hr E
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SOLUTION 43 M
E
from,
Q sT = ms cpa t R t s R
Q sperson + Q solar = ms cpa t R t s E
cpa t R t s V
ms =
Q sperson + Q solar I
Btu E
0.24 80 60
ms = lbm F W
Btu
225 Btu
hr
1500 person person + 110,000 C
hr
E
= , . N

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E
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PROBLEM 44 M
E
A 300 mm diameter pipe discharges water
at the rate of 200 L/s. Point 1 on the pipe R
has a pressure of 260 kPa and 3.4 m below E
point 1 is point 2 with a pressure of 300 V
kPa. Compute the head loss between points I
1 and 2. E
W
A. 4.29 m C. 2.59 m
B. 6.32 m D. 1.87 m* C
E
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E
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SOLUTION 44 M
E
From Bernoullis equation,
P1 v12 P2 v22 R
+ + z1 = + + z2 + hL
2g 2g E
P1 P2 V
hL = + z1 z2
I
285 kPa 300 kPa E
hL = + 3.4 m
kN
9.81 3
W
m
= . C
E
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E
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R
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PROBLEM 45 M
E
Air at 300K and 200 kPa is heated at
constant pressure to 600K. Determine the R
change of internal energy. E
V
A. 245.58 kJ/kg C. 235.58 kJ/kg
I
B. 225.58 kJ/kg D. 215.58 kJ/kg * E
W

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SOLUTION 45 M
E
From,
U = mcv T R
U E
= cv T
m V
kJ I
u = 0.7186 600 K 300 K
kg K E
W
= .

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PROBLEM 46 M
E
A 4m2 asphalt pavement with emissivity of
0.85 has a surface temperature of 50C. R
Find the maximum rate of radiation that E
can be emitted from the surface. V
I
A. 2,068.32 W C. 2,078.32 W
E
B. 2,088.32 W D. 2,098.32 W* W

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SOLUTION 46 M
E
From,
Q = eAT 4 R
8
W E
Q = 0.85 5.67 10 4 m2 50 + 273.15 4
m2 K 4 V
= , . I
E
W

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PROBLEM 47 M
E
Air at 10C and 80 kPa enters a diffuser of
a jet engine steadily with a velocity of 200 R
m/s. The inlet area of the diffuser is 0.40 E
m2. Determine the mass flow rate of air. V
I
A. 72.79 kg/s C. 76.79 kg/s
E
B. 74.79 kg/s D. 78.79 kg/s* W

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SOLUTION 47 M
E
From,
m m R
= =
V Q E
m = Q = Av V
P I
m= Av
RT E
80 kPa 2
m W
m= 0.40 m 200
kJ s
0.287 10 + 273.15 K
kg K
C

= . E
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PROBLEM 48 M
E
When a man return to his wall-sealed
house on a summer day, he finds that the R
house is at 32C. He turns on the air E
conditioner which cools the entire house to V
20C in 15 minutes. If COP is 2.5, I
determine the power drawn by the air E
conditioner. Assume the entire mass within W
the house us 800 kg of air for which Cv =
0.72 kJ/kg-K, Cp = 1.0 kJ/kg-K. C
E
A. 1.072 kW C. 3.072 kW*
N
B. 2.072 kW D. 4.072 kW T
E
R
 P
R
I
SOLUTION 48 M
E
From,
QA R
COP =
WC E
QA V
WC =
COP I
ma cv t i t f E
WC =
COP W
800 kg kJ
sec 0.72 32 20
15 min 60 min kg K
C
WC =
2.5 E
= . N
T
E
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R
I
PROBLEM 49 M
E
Helium gas is compressed in an adiabatic
compressor from an initial state of 14 psia R
and 50F to a final temperature of 320F in E
a reversible manner. Determine the exit V
pressure of Helium. I
E
A. 38.5 psia C. 40.5 psia*
W
B. 42.5 psia D. 44.5 psia
C
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T
E
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SOLUTION 49 M
E
From,
k1
R
T2 P2 k
= E
T1 P1 V
1.6671
320 + 460 P2 1.667 I
= E
50 + 460 14
= . W

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PROBLEM 50 M
E
The air in an automobile tire with a volume
of 0.53 ft3 is at 90F and 20 psig. R
Determine the amount of air that must be E
added to raise the pressure to the V
recommended value of 30 psig. Assume the I
atmospheric pressure to be 14.6 psia and E
the temperature and the volume to remain W
constant.
C
A. 0.026 lb* C. 0.066 lb
E
B. 0.046 lb D. 0.086 lb N
T
E
R
 P
R
I
SOLUTION 50 M
E
For mass added to the tire,
madded = m2 m1 R
P2 V2 P1 V1 E
madded =
RT2 RT1 V
V I
madded = P2 P1
RT E
lbf 144 in2 0.53ft 3
madded = 30 20 2 W
in 1 ft 2 ft lbf
53.3 90 + 460
lbm R
= . C
E
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T
E
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M
E

THANK YOU &

R
E
V
GOD BLESS I
E
W

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