ASHRAE

ASHRAEs Sustainable Roadmap

.meet the ASHRAE GreenGuide
Integrating sustainability
Presented by Tim Dwyer principles into all
Chairman CIBSE ASHRAE Group appropriate publications
Acting Head of Department, Department of Engineering Systems
London South Bank University Actively participate with
timdwyer@lsbu.ac.
timdwyer@lsbu.ac.uk
uk
internationally recognized
building sustainability
With thanks for main content to groups as appropriate
Dr. Tom Lawrence, P.E., LEED-AP
lawrence@engr.uga.edu
Promote and provide
education on sustainability

Research Strategic Plan Journal Articles

Energy and Resources

Indoor Environmental
Quality
Tools and Applications
Equipment,
Components, and
Materials
Education and Outreach

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 Journal Articles Journal Articles

Advanced Energy Design Guides From Sustainability

Sustainability to Green
Green

Documents that go 30%, 50%, and 70% Sustainability

Sustainability is a simple and good general
above Standard 90.1-1999 definition when is applied to planet Earth,
however, it is difficult to apply the concept, in a
New Buildings (30%) meaningful way, to an individual earthly
- Small Office Buildings - published component such as a building
- Small Retail published ASHRAE focused on green
green buildings
- K-12 Schools and so the GreenGuide was developed
- Warehouse - specifically directed toward practitioners.
- Highway Lodging

For an explanation of how lighting is treated in the office guide see

www.energycodes.gov/training/pdfs/webcast_adv_lighiting_lane.pdf

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 But why bother with a
GreenGuide?
GreenGuide?
Doing the right thing
Regulations
But why bother with a
GreenGuide?
GreenGuide?
Lowering ownership costs
Increased productivity
Filling a design need

Doing the Right Thing Regulations

The motivations and reasons for implementing
green buildings are diverse but can be condensed
into essentially wanting to do the right thing to
protect the earth
earths resources. For some, a wakeup
call occurred in 1973 with the oil embargo and
with it a realization that there may be a need to
manage our planet
planets finite resources.
Society has recognized that previous industrial and
developmental actions caused long-term damage to our
environment, resulting in loss of food sources and plant
and animal species, and changes to the earth
earths climate. As
a result of learning from past mistakes and studying the
environment, the international community identified certain
actions that threaten our ecosystem
ecosystems bio-diversity
bio-diversityand
consequently it developed several governmental
regulations designed to protect our environment. Thus, in
this sense, the green design initiative began with the
implementation of building regulations. An example is the
regulated phasing out of chlorofluorocarbons.

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 Lowering Ownership Costs
Green design is lowering the total cost of
ownership in terms of resource management and
energy efficiency.
- controlling site storm water for use in irrigation
incorporating energy efficiency measures in HVAC
design
- developing maintenance strategies to ensure
continued high-level building performance.
Filling A Design Need
There are increasing numbers of building owners
and developers asking for green design services.
There is considerable business for design
professionals who can master the principles of
green design and provide leadership in this.
Increased Productivity
Recognition of increased productivity from a
building that is comfortable and enjoyable and
provides healthy conditions.
Comfortable occupants are less distracted, able to
focus better on their tasks/activities, and
appreciate the physiological benefits good green
design provides.
ASHRAE
ASHRAEs Green Design
aware of and respects nature and the natural
order of things
a green building is one that achieves high
performance, over the full life cycle, in the
following areas
- minimal consumption of non-renewable and
depletable natural resources
- minimal atmospheric emissions
- minimal discharge of harmful wastes
including those from demolition of the building
- minimal negative impacts on site ecosystems
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 ASHRAE Green Guide Overview ASHRAE Green Guide
The Design Process
Content: Three Basic Sections Chapter 3 Commissioning
- Why is this the 3rd chapter in the book?
Basics
(Chapters 1 2) - Phases of Commissioning
Design Process Design Construction
(Chapters 3 16)
Preliminary Acceptance

Post Design
Continuous
Commissioning

The Design Process The Design Process

Chapter 3 - Commissioning Chapter 3 - Commissioning
Commissioning models (who is in charge?)
- Design team?
- General contractor?
- Individual contractors (mechanical, electrical)?
- Third party?

Pages 51-52

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 The Design Process The Design Process
Chapter 3 - Commissioning Chapter 4 Architectural Design
Linking
Architectural
Design to
Engineering
How is commissioning done locally?
Effectiveness?
Envelope
Site - Thermal
Form / Function/ - Moisture
Geometry - Light

The Design Process The Design Process

Chapter 4 Architectural Design Chapter 4 Architectural Design
General Organization
High Performance
Description Strategies
- Safety, Infection
High Performance Control
Strategies - Energy
Elements of Cost - Occupant Comfort
Sources of Further
Information

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 The Design Process The Design Process
Chapter 4 Architectural Design Chapter 5 Early Stages
Energy Program
Predesign
Schematic
Design
Design
Development
Construction
Documents
Construction
Management
Post-
Construction

Occupant Comfort
Impact of careful
selection of

Cost
Potential for Construction Team
Sustainability
Impact of
- Filtration Commissioning

- Heat Recovery
Degree of Effort

Design to Construction Time Line

The Design Process The Design Process

Chapter 5 Early Stages Chapter 5 Early Stages
Setting Goals:
Traditional Integrated Building Design:
- Program, cost, schedule More on this later this session
Green design project
- Energy (total, peak, renewable)
- Water use
- Materials (construction, occupancy)
- Occupant satisfaction, comfort, health
- LEED certification?

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 The Design Process Daylighting Modeling Example
Chapter 5 Early Stages Daylight renderings from South-West corner of the building
looking North-East. Simulation for June 21.

Building Modeling 12:00 Noon

- Energy
- Daylighting
- Building Information
Modeling
Page 96

2:00 P.M.

The Design Process Chapter 7 Load Determination

Chapter 7 Load Determination Daylight Harvesting Design: Key Points
First order of business Reduce loads
Example of impact of higher Pages
building thermal mass Fig. 7-4 132-134

Site
Geometry
Envelope
- Thermal
- Moisture
- Light

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 Chapter 7 Load Determination Chapter 7 Load Determination
Daylight Harvesting Design: Key Points Daylight Harvesting Design: Key Points

Different Facades Require Different Different Facades Require Different

Design Strategies: South Design Strategies: North
South-facing North-facing
- Exposed to the sun all day - Exposed to direct sun
- Shade with overhangs to limit during morning and
overhead solar rays afternoon a few months
- In hot climates, consider each summer (at latitudes
shading with fins to limit between 0 to 40 deg. N)
morning and afternoon solar - Shade with shallow fins
gains in the winter to guard against summer
- In cold climates, use only heat gain
overhangs (for passive solar
heating) - Shade with light shelves
- Shade with light shelves that that will reflect light into
will reflect light into the space the space
* All strategies assume a design for * All strategies assume a design for
latitudes between 25 40 deg. N latitude latitudes between 25 40 deg. N latitude

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 Chapter 7 Load Determination Chapter 8 Thermal Comfort Delivery
HVAC Design: Key Considerations (pg 136) Chapters has much discussion on different
- May seem basic, but is a good check list available methods for energy transfer
- Air systems

- Liquid pumps

- Heat recovery

Chapter 8 Thermal Comfort Delivery Chapter 9 Interaction with Local

Environment
Green Tips: Indoor Environmental Quality
- Energy recovery #7-9 Cooling Tower Systems
- Displacement ventilation #10 District Energy Systems
- Dedicated outdoor air systems #11
Acoustics
- Demand controlled ventilation #12
Green Roofs, Cool Roofs
- Hybrid (mixed-mode) ventilation #13
Designing Healthy Buildings

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 Chapter 9:
Cooling Tower Systems
Cooling Tower Water Treatment
Traditional: chemical treatment with
biocides, corrosion and scale prevention
- Biocidal Control
Water treatment Continuous chlorination at 0.5 ppm.
Isothiazoline (1.5%) slug fed to 2 ppm once per
Drift week
Spills - Corrosion and Scale Control - Maintained
constant
Zinc at 2 ppm
Polyphosphate at 20 ppm
Triazole at 3 ppm

Where Does the Chlorine Go? Improperly Installed Drift Eliminators

Drift @ 0.005% Chlorine 99% released as gas
= 1,440 71 pounds/month (32 kg)
gallons/mo
(5,700 liters)

Blowdown @ 4 Cycles = 36,960 gallons/mo

(145,000 liters) 0.16 lbs (0.07 kg) of Chlorine

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 Acoustics
Criteria: Noise (NC), Room (RC) and dBA
Description: 2007 ASHRAE Applications Handbook, Ch. 47
- Pulsed electric fields used to control scaling,
biological growth and corrosion Indoor sound
Pro sources
Lower energy and water use
More benign blowdown water
Con
Energy use to operate
Water with high chloride or silica content limits
effective use

Acoustics Cool Roof Technologies

Outdoor sound
Reflects Reflects
control ~ 80% of
30 to 60%
of incident incident
solar solar

Absorbs Absorbs
40 to 70% ~ 20%
Sound barrier in (heats roof
dense urban setting and adds to
cooling load
and urban
heat island) Conventional Cool Roof
Courtesy: Neil Moiseev (Shen, Milsom & Wilke Inc.)
Roof

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 Chapter 10 Energy Distribution Chapter 11 Energy Conversion
General discussion on: Heating plants
- Steam Cooling (chilled water) plants
- Hydronic systems - Chillers
- Air - Thermal energy storage
Applicability: Distributed electrical generation
- Chilled water
Combined systems (cooling, heat, power)
- Hot water
- Condenser water loops

Chapter 11 Energy Conversion One Method Possibly Applicable

Another concept uses

Desiccant dehumidification solar energy for heat

Exhaust

One approach

Supply

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 Chapter 12 Energy Sources
Solar energy applications
- Buildings with large potential thermal need
(e.g., hotels); but space limitations for
Primarily architectural
collectors issue, but engineers
- Photovoltaic, but cost is still the issue can help push the
- Building integrated PV
energy benefits

A PV skylight entryway
(Courtesy of DOE/NREL)

Chapter 13 Lighting Systems

HVAC engineers primarily involved in Conventional
Conventional light tubes
lighting contribution to load calculations www.solatube.com
New lighting concepts can require a little
more engineering thought
- Daylight harvesting
Hybrid lighting (Oak Ridge Nat
Natl Lab, U.S.)

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Chapter 14 Plumbing
Water consumption important issue
worldwide
Not as much an HVAC issue (exception
cooling towers, evaporative cooling)
Chapter 15:
Building Control Systems
Control systems play vital role for
realizing and sustaining the efficiency
levels originally designed into the
building systems Sustained Efficiency
- Energy M&V
- Water Operator training
- Indoor Environmental Quality

Chapter 15: Chapter 18 O&M,

Building Control Systems Performance Evaluation
Pages 322 329: How building control Commissioning (Cx)
can help achieve LEED credit points - Initial occupancy
Example: - Retro-commissioning (continuous
Sample Indoor commissioning) 2 to 5 years after initial
Air Quality - Engineers start off helping with Cx projects
control display, before going into design
Figure 15-4 Occupant surveys
pg. 327

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 Where to next??

Page 355

Proposed Standard 189

Link for all ASHRAE information in this
area (including downloadable Green Tips)
Standard for the Design of High-Performance www.engineeringforsustainability
www.engineeringforsustainability.org
.org
Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential
Buildings
Minimum requirements for the design of Thanks to Tom Lawrence for most
sustainable buildings to balance
- environmental responsibility
of the slides
- resource efficiency
- occupant comfort and well-being
- community sensitivity
Tim Dwyer (timdwyer@lsbu
(timdwyer@lsbu.ac.
.ac.uk
uk))
Using USGBC
USGBCs LEED Green Building Rating
System as key resource

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