CONTENT

Basics about Micronal PCM

a. The physical effect
b. Micronal PCM as raw material
c. Durability + cycle stability
d. Why paraffin and not salt hydrates
e. Examples for application
f. Calculation with PCMexpress / economics
g. Use in active system solutions
h. Market products using Micronal PCM
i. Example for system solution
Micronal PCM brochure + portfolio
Customer products in detail
a. Alba balance PCM gypsum wallboard, SG Rigips, CH
b. CoolZone PCM ceiling tile system, Armstrong UK/RoI
c. EBB clay based PCM wallboards, UK
d. ThermalCORE PCM gypsum wallboard, National Gypsum, USA
e. k.Wand PCM partition wall system, Scheicher.Wand, Austria
e. weber.mur clima PCM gypsum machine plaster, SG Weber, D
Realized buildings (only some)
Project reports
a. Jaguar training academy, UK
b. Charles Sturt University, AUS
c. BASF House, Nottingham, UK
d. Whitehall Place, London UK
e. Innovation Park Victorian Terrace, Watford, UK
f. Gotzkowskistrae Berlin, D
Article - National Refurbishment Centre
Passiv Haus Institut: simulation study
RAL quality mark for Micronal PCM
Data sheets Micronal DS 5039 X + DS 5040 X
05/2012
 May-12
Getting good results at work and feeling good in your own home have one thing in common:
they depend to a great extent on the climatic conditions indoors. Temperatures that are too
low are unpleasant, as are ones that are too high. The Golden Mean applies here too but
how to attain it? Phase change materials (PCMs) or latent heat storage systems can play a
major role in helping to smooth out temperature fluctuations.
0 1
May-12
The buildings mass plays an important part in determining the temperature. A heavy building
is able to smooth out temperature peaks by virtue of its mass. As an example, consider the
difference between a shack made of corrugated iron and Cologne Cathedral. Any buildings
thermal properties would lie somewhere between these two extremes. When the sun is
shining, temperatures in the shack would become quite unbearable. On the other hand, due
to its thick walls Cologne Cathedral stays pleasantly cool even at the height of summer. A
typical single-family massive construction-style house weighing about 200 metric tons would
lie somewhere in the middle.
 May-12
Good insulation is essential for protection from the cold in winter. It prevents heat from
escaping and means that less energy is needed for heating. Many materials and systems
currently on the market are designed to keep interiors warm by virtue of their insulating
properties. The other problem with regard to regulating temperatures in buildings usually only
becomes apparent in summer when the sun shines into rooms, causing them to get hotter by
the hour. Although insulation reduces the rate at which buildings are heated up through the
walls in summer as well, most of the heat enters the building through the windows in the form
of solar radiation and in the form of internal heat loads like people and illumination. In fact,
once the heat has entered the rooms, good insulation will actually prevent the building from
cooling down which is what one wants at night. The resulting interior temperature will
depend on the interaction of various factors such as the surface area of the windows,
orientation of the building, current climate, weight of the building, insulation and internal
energy sources.
The development of microencapsulated PCM was state-aided by the Ministery of Economics
and Technology under the ID-number: FKZ 0329840 A-D and FKZ 0327370 F-I.
2 3
May-12
Phase change what exactly does this mean? When ice, to use a popular example, is
heated, the temperature stops rising at the onset of the transition to liquid. As long as two
phases (solid liquid) exist simultaneously, the temperature does not increase; instead, the
inflowing energy is used up in the phase transition. This effect is observed in ice cubes in a
drink. Since the energy consumption takes place without any detectable rise in temperature it
is called latent. In hot water, by contrast, the way the energy is stored is sensible,
meaning as a palpable increase in heat.
Lets see how much energy can be stored during a phase transition by looking at water
again. Melting one kilogram of ice at 0C (32F) to produce one kilogram of water at 0C
requires 333 kilojoules of energy. However, the same amount of energy would also be able
to heat a kilogram of water from 0C to approx. 80C (176F).
 May-12
The only way to maintain a pleasant temperature in summer without installing an air
conditioning system is to increase the thermal capacity of the structure. The solution is to
store the heat within the building itself, and a large improvement in comfort can be achieved
if this is done intelligently.
Selected waxes with an appropriate melting point are enclosed in microscopically small
polymer capsules and then incorporated in textured finishes plasterboard or similar products.
They begin to store latent heat at the point at which the interior temperature begins to
become excessive. The wax has a melting point of 26C, and it begins to absorb heat from
the ambient air at this temperature, preventing the interior from heating up any further. This
ensures pleasant working conditions and an agreeable climate in which to live, and there are
no large increases in temperature.
Apart from enhancing the comfort, a large reduction in costs can also be achieved by
dissipating the accumulated energy during the night because air conditioning equipment can
be dispensed with or at least scaled down. Heat loads are shifted from expensive daytime to
cheaper nighttime. The mass of the dividing walls can be reduced, which makes it possible to
increase the area of useable space within the building. The net floor area of dwellings and
office buildings can be increased to the advantage of builders and landlords.
4 5
May-12
Waxes, not water, for construction
Unfortunately water with its temperature transitions at 0C and 100C (32 and 212F) is not
suitable for use in construction. In such situations waxes are used, whose melting points can
be flexibly adjusted according to the application.
BASFs solution for safely inserting latent heat stores into building materials of all kinds is
microencapsulation. Tiny globules of wax 2 to 20 microns in diameter are coated with a layer
of extremely hard plastic. These microcapsules are completely sealed, safe to process and
free of formaldehyde. In addition, the resultant materials are well suited for further treatment
they are impervious to grinding, drilling, cutting, etc. since their small size makes them
virtually indestructible.
The encapsulation process also protects the wax in its very pure form, meaning the high heat
storage capacity of 110 kJ/kg is permanently guaranteed. Measurements at the Fraunhofer
Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE) in Freiburg have confirmed this. In principle it can be
manufactured to any switching temperature. BASFs Micronal DS 5000 X absorbs the
ambient heat energy at around 26C (79F). This temperature has been confirmed by
computer simulations to be optimal for passive summer heat reduction in buildings. A
material with a switching temperature of 23C (73F) is also available for situations where
PCM is to be used as part of a climate control concept.
 May-12
The manufacturing process results in a liquid product, in which the microcapsules are
dispersed in water. For all applications that require a liquid medium, this is the base material
used. For example, plaster requires water to set and this is already a part of the PCM
dispersion. However, if the application calls for a base material in powder form, the water can
be removed by spray drying. Dry ready-mixed plaster or cement mortars (dry mortars)
delivered in sacks or silos are an example. This makes BASF the only manufacturer
worldwide able to provide large quantities of formaldehyde-free, microencapsulated latent
heat storage systems.
6 7
May-12
The microcapsules in the aqueous solution are singular and within a diameter range of about
2-20m.
When spray drying the emulsion, bigger secondary particles are being created. Thousands of
primary particles are bound together to particles of about 0,1 to 0,3mm. The reason is dust
prevention and better handling for customers.
 May-12
The durability has to be secured by the producer. In cycling tests BASF checked the long
term performance thoroughly. For this purpose 10.000 cycles were conducted, in which the
material didn't change its constitution remarkably. Impenetrability and melting heat capacity
remained on their starting level. If one takes 300 cycles per year as realistic, the 10.000
cycles lead us to a durability of over 30 years.
8 9
May-12
The durability is a direct result from the chosen raw materials. Paraffins show superior properties when
being used as PCMs. Therefore BASF prefers this raw material basis rather than salt hydrates.
In order to reach very high melting enthalpy, the waxes have to be very pure. Impurities lead to lower
heat capacity. Taking high quality waxes leads then to specific advantages:
-Organics without double bonds in their backbone cant be affected by oxygen. Therefore no danger for
degradation during time.
-A pure material, consisting of a single substance, cant separate from itself. Unlike salt hydrates,
which could set apart from their water content when cycled frequently, a paraffin remains stable.
-Salt hydrates are very hygroscopic. This means they trap humidity. By doing this, the water content
varies and the melting point varies as well. This is a danger for long term stability. Paraffins are
hydrophobic, which gives them superior water repellent properties. The melting point stays unaffected.
An other major task for durability has to be ensured from the shell material itself.
-BASF invented a shell material, which is based on highly cross linked acrylics. This lead to a totally
dense plastic material, which securely traps the wax inside.
-The polarity is being adjusted by BASF to a stage, where the mobile paraffin phase could never bleed
through.
-The cross linking helps to make the shell strong and robust against the volume changes during phase
change.
-And the very small size of the capsules is the reason, why they just couldnt be cracked by mechanical
stress. With a diameter of approx. 1/500 of a mm they are far too small for being hit and crashed
mechanically.
All this leads to a durable product without a danger for a fading effect during using time of Micronal
PCM.
 May-12
Stress- and heat-free conference rooms
The concept of combining lightweight construction with latent heat storage without any
cooling technology has been implemented at one of BASFs office buildings in Ludwigshafen,
Germany. Even in late autumn the building shows high temperatures above 28C. In one of
the bureaus a PCM-containing gypsum plaster board was used to built up the ceiling. In total
6kg PCM per m with a heat capacity of 660 kJ/m was installed. The chart shows clearly,
that during a time period of 6 days the temperature in this office didnt exceed 26C while the
reference room climbed above 28C which is clearly too high for a stress-free work
environment. Below 25C the temperature is not affected by the PCM.
10
May-12
Some examples of realized buildings:
2001: Together with LUWOGE we developed an innovative refurbishment concept which pushed an
existing building from the 1950s to an up to date performance of a 3 liter building A PCM-modified
gypsum plaster (maxit) and a PCM-modified filler (DAW) was tested the first time.
2002: The first full size building application, where PCM plays a key role for the climatic concept was
built for Badenova in Offenburg, Germany. The concept was created and calculated by using
dynamic computer models from Architects Lehmann in Offenburg and Office for Solar Energy
Stahl+Wei in Freiburg.
2003: The new Servicecenter (DSC) of LUWODE and Fortisnova (health insurance) close to BASFs
headquarter uses PCm in meeting areas in combination with chilled ceilings. The architects Allmann
Sattler Wappner got an Innovationspreis Architektur und Bauwesen for this attractive concept and
design.
2004: A total refurbishment of an old factory to apartments and offices in the heart of Berlin uses
capillary tube mats in combination with maxit clima PCM plaster as a chilled ceiling system. It was
proven from University of Braunschweig (Prof. Fisch) that floors with PCM ceiling plaster consume
significant less cooling energy than the one with standard plaster.
2005: The Contemporary House from Allmann Sattler Wappner was built in January 2005. It has a
passive airing concept and uses PCM-modified gypsum wall boards, called SmartBoard from
company Knauf in Germany. In total 1.800 kg of pure PCM material have been installed with ordinary
dry wall techniques.
In spring 2005 the extension of the Hlderlin school in Lauffen am Neckar, Germany with 500 m PCM-
modified gypsum wall boards took place. The intelligent construction material acts as temperature
manager since then and helps to secure the teaching success also during summer season.
Since 2006 Micronal PCM spreads rapidly as energy efficient construction tool in Europe and
worldwide.
11
 May-12
Company Maxit based in Merdingen, Germany (www.maxit.de) developed the first PCM
gypsum plaster, called maxit-clima, which is exactly being used like ordinary gypsum
plaster. But in addition to its normal duties, this plaster provides an effective clima control for
indoor temperature management. PCM-containing building materials can not be compared
with their unmodified originals, because they are converted to real functional elements.
This intelligent plaster was first used in the new administrative building of Badenova, an
energy supply company based in Offenburg, Germany. Here the plasters performance
completely satisfied the architects requirements for a higher thermal storage mass without
adding more weight to the building. Since a solution involving air conditioning had to be
avoided, BASFs latent heat storage systems in the form of the maxit clima plaster were an
obvious choice.
12
May-12
The economic viability is always being inspected carefully. Thinking in that direction forces to
keep in mind, that this is a passive system, which can not be switched on and off like air
conditioning systems based on electricity. In critical situations it may happen, that such a
system may be overloaded in long term heat periods. On the other hand it is an effective way
of cooling down buildings without spending a cent. Therefore dynamic simulations are often a
necessary tool to get an idea how the building will behave.
In the case of Offenburg, the previous made dynamic temperature simulation proved a
cooling concept which works well. Each blue dot marks a temperature in a year within
working hours compared to outside temperatures. The borderlines mark the comfort zone
based on German standard regulations. Only in 22 hours the building is leaving the desired
range slightly. This behavior is being reached in a pure passive way, which means that there
are no expenses for cooling at all. (Stahl + Wei, Freiburg, 2004)
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 May-12 May-12

Increased comfort, more environmental protection
The main focus when developing latent heat storage systems lies on increasing comfort
through passive cooling of buildings. However, the use of smaller air conditioners or
dispensing with them completely can also save substantially on energy and follow-up costs.
The extent of the savings has to be reassessed for each building. Energy evaluation
specialists for buildings can determine the optimal parameters with the help of computer
simulations.
In order to answer the question about results in housing application, a software tool was
developed by the partners Maxit, DAW, Valentin Software, BASF, and Fraunhofer Institute
ISE. The dynamic computer model allows quantitative estimation of the PCM benefits in
building application. Answers about comfort are derived as well as clear economical figures
about cash back time and reduction of cooling capacity. The tool is available since spring
2008. It is ready for download and free of charge at www.valentin.de.
The development of microencapsulated PCM was state-aided by the Ministery of Economics
and Technology under the ID-number: FKZ 0327370 F-I.

In order to provide you with a point of reference, here is the sample calculation for the office
building in Offenburg. In this particular case, the PCM act as temperature manager. There is
no air-conditioning in the house at all. On the basis of current electricity prices for end
consumers, the system would pay for itself within only 1,5 years.
Annually a cost reduction of 26.000 (33.000$) and a CO2 savings of 100t could be realized
compared to an alternative cooling concept. This was proven by Stahl + Wei in Freiburg,
Germany who did the initial calculations and following monitoring of this project.

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 May-12 May-12

To show the positive effects of Micronal PCM in buildings, a conventional building from a The impact on temperature cycles is easy to determine by using PCMexpress. The results
German prefab house manufacturer is ideal. It is standard wood frame construction with very are validated with real size and scientific building setups.
good heat insulation properties, but thermal problems with summer heat loads. They enter
the building aside of the insulation by the windows. Here PCM traps these heat loads,
ensuring a more constant room clima.

16 17
 May-12 May-12

Summing up the time periods in a year at different room temperatures shows the significant If the before mentioned cut down of overheated time periods is being displayed on a
reduction of hours at elevated temperatures. The comfort time between 21C and 26C is calendar, the significant advantage in room climate becomes obvious. Micronal PCM helps to
prolonged of approx. 450hrs and the time above 26C which is supposed to be too hot is minimize uncomfortable periods to a level which can easily been accepted taking in account
being reduced by approx. 160hrs. This is possible by the huge PCM effect in that building. the free of charge cooling technology.

18 19
 May-12
Also the economical aspects are being calculated by PCMexpress. Absolute costs, interest
rates, and resulting amortization can be determined based on each specific case. It is one of
the particularities of PCM products that dynamic computer models are necessary for getting
answers on the profitability. PCMexpress is a great tool to get such answers.
20
May-12
Many buildings in Germany are required to maintain a temperature of no more than 26C
(79F) in the workplace. Architects and planners share the responsibility of implementing the
temperature guidelines (6, 3.3) correctly. Apart from more familiar climatization technologies
(air cooling), concrete core activation has caught on in the past few years. Here, the
intermediate ceiling is cooled with water pipes that are cast in the concrete ceiling in order to
remove excess heat from the room in an economical fashion. The latent heat stores really
shine here as they respond to temperature peaks much faster than concrete, which is
relatively inert. Temperature peaks occurring during the day can thus be buffered and
removed at night using minimal cooling. This offers a huge potential for energy savings.
Lower building heights per story are also feasible. This can lead to more stories for a given
height, thus adding to the value of the building.
21
 May-12 May-12

In a building complex on the Spree River in Berlin, a section of a former factory building After an investigation of the University of Braunschweig (Professor Fisch / Dr. Kuehl) the
undergoing total refurbishment was restored with PCM plaster as part of the cooling concept. room climate by the activated PCM gypsum plaster ceiling was affected very positively. The
The lower four floors contain offices featuring conventional capillary mat cooling. PCM room air temperatures remain lower, the unloading periods reduce at night. The supplied
plaster from Maxit was installed in the two upper stories. Now a total of almost 7 metric tons cooling load on 5th floor (with PCM) declines during the day continuously, while the PCM
of PCM cap the maximum load during temperature rises. As a result, the buildings takes up the remaining amounts of heat. In contrary for this the cooling load has to be kept
climatization can take place at night. This requires less cooling capacity, lowering purchasing also during the day. On 24.9. the cooling load even rises. This shows that cooling concepts
costs and energy consumption year in, year out. The actual energy savings under practical also in the case of refurbishment can be optimized by using PCM.
conditions can be measured with a calorimeter. Additionally, the Technical University of
Braunschweig is conducting a measurement program in order to determine the operative
room temperatures. Since the wall surfaces remain close to 23C (73F), even higher air
temperatures indoors still feel comfortable. Infrared radiation from cooler bodies has a
positive effect on the way heat is perceived by people in the room.

22 23

Since BASF is a raw material producer, it provides phase change materials as raw materials
for modifying all kind of construction materials. Micronal PCM is available as aqueous
emulsion with 43% solid content or as dry powder. Based on this raw materials formulators
created various ready to use construction materials for craftsmen and DIY. Being handled
like regular construction materials, also the PCM versions can be purchased over normal
sales channels. Within the a.m. products it is an easy task for architects to choose an
appropriate product to fulfill their needs for proper construction while bringing in PCM the
same time.
Please take a look on the list in this document below, which products are currently available.
24
May-12
Aside of using the PCM-SmartBoard on a pure passive basis, it is also recommendable to
combine the heat storage capacity in combination with cooling facilities like chillers or ground
water cooling. This leads to very energy efficient and low energy consuming cooling concepts
like chilled ceiling. Since such concepts work at low temperature differences between surface
temperature and targeted room temperature it is possible to realize regenerative or at least
smaller dimensioned room conditioning concepts.
Company Ilkazell from Zwickau, Germany, developed together with BASF (SmartBoard) and
Elastogran (PUR-foam) a lightweight chilled ceiling system which offers several advantages
for energy efficient office space like silent cooling, easy mounting, using of regenerative
cooling sources, or very limited additional weight.
25
 May-12
First application of the Ilkazell chilled ceiling system has been realized in the new office
building of Engelhart & Bauer Printing Company in Karlsruhe, Germany. Together with the
specialists of Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (FHG ISE, Freiburg, Germany)
an optimized energy concept was developed for this building with excellent climatic
conditions for the employees.
26
May-12
The concept is based on ground heat exchanger which acts as cooling source for the chilled
ceiling and additional activation of the whole building structure by means of controlled use of
cool air purging through the building at night. Both methods lead to a very energy efficient
building. Cooling capacity provided from the small dimensioned ground heat exchanger is
working together with the PCM located in the chilled ceiling. The PCM provides storage
capacity for peak loads during daytime while the cooling source purges permanently cooling
water through the ceiling panels. When heat load exceeds the just in time needed cooling
capacity, the wax of the PCM melts and smoothes this heat peak over a longer period.
Because the used cooling source provides 16C cooling water for free, the pump for water
circulation is more or less the only energy, which is needed for the whole chilled ceiling. All
existing chillers could have been removed after renovation.
27
 May-12
The IR-radiation thermo graphic picture shows how the chilled ceiling is working. Up to 70
W/m can be removed from the room. This is sufficient for all major office needs in cooling.
At the end the concept leads to an office building with an expected primary energy
consumption of 54 kWh/ma. This is equivalent to a 5 - 6 liter building (5-6 liter oil per meter
squared and year). The FHG ISE is carrying out a monitoring program for this building in
order to get all relevant data in detail and to set the building to its optimized technical settings
for cooling and heating.
28
May-12
All of us are at the bottom of a rapid price increase for energy supply. In the line of spending
primary energy sources, the price spiral turns faster. Therefore in Europe and worldwide
there are ambitions to set new legislations in order to bring people to energy efficient
behavior. Not least to keep the goals set in the Kyoto-protocol for CO2-reduction, building
industry has to increase efforts in energy efficient refurbishment and new construction.
In Germany the government installed in 2007 the energy pass for all apartments and new
construction. (Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH, Berlin, Germany, 2004). At each change of
a tenant, there will be a duty for presenting this pass. This will lead to a transparency in the
renting market. People will tent to the more energy efficient accommodations. Disrespect of
landlords in energy consumption of their buildings will lead to vacancy. Each attempt to
reduce energy consumption will directly lead to increase the value of the respective building
for the sake of the landlord, the tenant and for sustainability.
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 May-12

BASFs latent heat stores are a technology of the future that makes it possible to develop a
new class of construction materials. Architects and planners are being provided with a tool
that offers more freedom in designing buildings, better energy efficiency and more comfort. It
is an important building block for the development of modern buildings that need to meet
sustainability requirements.

It is difficult for new technologies to gain a foothold especially in the construction industry.
Together with our partners in the construction chemical industry, we are prepared to support
individual projects. This, too, is a contribution to paving the way for this genuine innovation
and not least to climate protection.

Please contact us for more detailed discussions on specific building projects.

30
 Polymer Dispersions for:
A broader base for your success Construction
Architectural Coatings
Adhesives
Fibre Bonding

Micronal PCM
Intelligent Temperature
Management for Buildings

www.micronal.de
2 Micronal PCM Intelligent Temperature Management for Buildings

Micronal PCM
Intelligent Temperature Management
for Buildings
The Challenge:
The indoor temperature is signicantly inuenced by the
thermal behaviour of a building. With buildings, in which the
required thermal storage mass is lacking because of their
construction method, inner loads and sun radiation lead to
great uctuations in temperature, losses of comfort and in-
creased need for air conditioning inside buildings.

Construction of ofces and housing is nowadays increas-

ingly carried out using modern lightweight building methods
of wood and steel designs with highly insulating wall con-
struction materials and large glass surfaces. The high
degree of prefabrication and the avoidance of long drying
times lead to quick progress in construction and thus an
especially high level of efciency. Striving to optimise the
mass and dematerialisation of the building components is
accompanied, in addition to various practical and economic
advantages, by one problem, namely a loss of thermal
mass and the negative impacts on the indoor climate
arising from this.

Micronal PCM Future built in

Compliance with the relevant construction guidelines in the framework of climate policy, along with international efforts in
building certication in terms of indoor climate, comfort, health, use of resources and energy efciency, make clear the
high demands on architecture, building planning and construction. The consequence the necessity of developing new,
innovative and sustainable approaches for the construction industry, in order to deal with these challenges and to full
the exacting demands. With Micronal PCM BASF has developed an innovative latent heat storage material, which
makes the construction industry sustainable in the area of air conditioning in buildings. Micronal PCM is an innovative,
long-term and sustainable solution for a pleasant, healthy indoor climate and more energy efcient air conditioning; for
modern architecture with high demands today and in the future.
 3 Micronal PCM Intelligent Temperature Management for Buildings

PCM cleverly packed

The Solution:
Micronal PCM, BASFs formaldehyde-free microencapsu-
lated latent heat storer makes it possible to combine the
advantages of modern architecture and the efciency of
lightweight construction with the use and compensating
effect of thermal storage capacity for a pleasant indoor
climate.

Micronal PCM (Phase Change Material) presents a durable

and efcient possibility for isothermal storage of the peak
loads, which usually occur during the day, in a dened tem- Temperature management in the
perature range, and releasing these again with a time delay dened comfort zone
Day
(e.g.: in the evening time or at night). Integrated in various
kinds of building materials and building systems, Micronal
PCM thus contributes through intelligent temperature man-
agement to an improved indoor climate, more comfortable
living conditions and better energy efciency.
Temperature

Night

Time/days 1 2 3 4

without with comfort zone

Micronal PCM Micronal PCM

Advantages of Micronal PCM at a Glance

Optimum indoor climate und consistent temperatures throughout the year

Work and live in a comfortable and healthy temperature zone, that is between 21C and 26C
A bonus for health: quiet air conditioning without the occurrence of drafts and transference of noise
Greater energy efficiency through better energy management. Avoidance of excessive energy consumption
and better use of sustainable sources of heat and cold
Your contribution to CO2 reduction and protection of the environment and climate
Highly flexible configuration and the simplest processing with respect to conventional building materials
with a new distinctive functionality!
Cost efficiency. No operating and maintenance costs, independent function
More thermal mass in the same space, that is more useful surface for a given area
4 Micronal PCM Intelligent Temperature Management for Buildings

Micronal PCM High Tech in Microcapsules

Micronal PCM is a phase change material, which com- Polymer Wax
pletes a phase change from solid to liquid within the indoor
temperature and human comfort range, that is at 21C,
23C or 26C and in doing so can store a large quantity of
heat. This principle of latent heat storage is comparable to
an ice cube, which during its melting process keeps a drink
at a constant temperature of 0C. Micronal PCM uses this 5 m
simple physical effect to achieve the objective of stabilising Tm:21/23/26 C
indoor temperature.

Micronal contains in the core of the microcapsule (size

Phase Change inside the Capsule
around 5 m) a latent heat storage material made from a
special wax mixture. When there is a rise in temperature
over a dened temperature threshold (21C, 23C or 26C),
this absorbs the excessive heat energy and stores it in
solid liquid solid
phase change. When the temperature falls under the tem-
TEMPERATURE

perature threshold, the capsule releases this stored heat MELTING/SOLIDIFICATION

ENERGY ABSORPTION/ENERGY RELEASE
energy again.1

While the charging of the storer generally takes place au-

tonomously from a dened temperature through the heat
COOL HOT COOL
inputs occurring during the day, a discharge of the storage SURROUNDINGS

material can occur via natural ventilation, mechanical

ventilation or also via sustainable or conventional cooling
concepts.

The Advantages of Microencapsulation

Leaktight packaging, the product always stays dry

The phase change is not visible externally, the change in volume in the melting process occurs in each capsule.
PCM building materials therefore remain stable in terms of size.
Tiny volumes and tiny space requirements with high heat storage capacity.
Just in Time. Rapid heat exchange through high surface / volume ratio. 1g Micronal PCM = 30m surface
Can be directly integrated in the building material, that is can be used without additional work processes or
higher complexity on the construction site
Mechanically practically indestructible, high cycle resistance and decades-long function
Formaldehyde-free

1
With this process the aggregate state of the storage material changes: the temperature of the system therefore remains almost constant,
as long as the whole concealed = latent heat is absorbed or released.
 5 Micronal PCM Intelligent Temperature Management for Buildings

The Micronal PCM Product Portfolio

Micronal PCM can be incorporated into building materials
Micronal PCM Als Dispersion und Pulver
in different forms. For all applications in which a liquid form
can be used, BASF offers Micronal PCM dispersions, in
which the microcapsules are dispersed in water. For build-
ing applications, which require a powder form (such as dry
blends like plaster or cement mortar for example), BASF
offers a portfolio of redispersible powders.

Product Product Melting point Operational Overall storage Latent heat ca- Solid Apparent
Application Density Visc.
designation type approx. range capacity approx. pacity approx. content density

Approx Approx
DS 5000 Dispersion 26C Summertime excessive heating protection 1030C 59 kJ/kg 45 kJ/kg Approx 42%
0,98 200600 mPas

Stabilisation of the indoor temperature

Approx Approx
DS 5007 Dispersion 23C in the comfort zone 1030C 55 kJ/kg 41 kJ/kg Approx 42%
0,98 200600 mPas
Passive and active application

Approx Approx
DS 5030 Dispersion 21C Surface cooling systems 1030C 51 kJ/kg 37 kJ/kg Approx 42%
0,98 200600 mPas

In powder Approx
DS 5001 Pulver 26C Summertime excessive heating protection 1030C 145 kJ/kg 110 kJ/kg
form 250350 kg/m3

Stabilisation of the indoor temperature

In powder Approx
DS 5008 Pulver 23C in the comfort zone 1030C 135 kJ/kg 100 kJ/kg
form 250350 kg/m3
Passive and active application

In powder Approx
DS 5029 Pulver 21C Surface cooling systems 1030C 125 kJ/kg 90 kJ/kg
form 250350 kg/m3

Best results can be achieved with Micronal PCM latent heat storers with regard to passive overheating protection,
stabilisation of indoor temperatures and efcient use of surface cooling systems, as a component part of a functional
building concept.

The Right Choice of Melting Point

Did you know: 26C for summertime excessive heating protection

30 kg of Micronal PCM give around 26 (e.g.: in lofts or for passive application in warm
1 kWh of storage performance. This regions)
corresponds to the quantity of heat from 23C for stabilisation of the indoor temperature in
a 1,000 W hairdryer running for 1 hour. the comfort zone, thus frequent use of the PCM
23 effect. Most important product for cases of active
and passive applications.

21 21C for use in surface cooling systems

C
6 Micronal PCM Intelligent Temperature Management for Buildings

Construction Applications and Systems

with Micronal PCM

Knauf Gips KGs PCM SmartBoard

In the form of the gypsum wallboard, Knauf PCM Smart-
Board, Micronal PCM can be quickly and simply inte-
grated into innovative building concepts in dry construction.
Every square meter of this building material contains three
kilograms of the Micronal PCM latent heat storer. The heat
capacity of a wall construction, twice equiped with 15mm
PCM SmartBoard, is thus comparable to a 14 cm thick
concrete wall or a 36,5 cm thick brick wall.

Ilkazell Isoliertechnik GmbHs Ilkatherm System

Derived from sandwich technology (metal surface, PUR
rigid foam core, metal surface), highly efcient radiant
ceiling panels with Micronal PCM were developed, which
can be linked to existing cooling water circuits via a simple
Plug and Play process. Water cooling is achieved through
capillary tube mats, which are located on the reverse of the
PCM layer that is oriented towards the inside. This system
solution enables recourse to renewable cooling and buffer-
ing of peak loads. Ilkazell Isoliertechnik GmbH

Passive or Active Application

With Micronal PCM modied building materials can be used in passive application, that is without simultaneous use
of mechanical cooling, but also as a component of an activated system in building concepts. An activated system
describes the combination of various components, which enable recooling or active charging or discharging of the
storage material. The heat transfer medium for this can for example be air or water.
 7 Micronal PCM Intelligent Temperature Management for Buildings

Maxit clima machine-applied plaster from

maxit Deutschland GmbH
Maxit clima is a PCM machine-applied plaster for making
single-layer interior plaster with a temperature regulating
effect. Through varying the thickness of the layer, the
quantity of Micronal PCM latent heat storer to be used
can be controlled according to requirements. Maxit clima
is available fully formulated (for direct processing on the
construction site) as a dry mortar.

H+H Deutschland GmbHs CelBloc Plus

The green aerated concrete CelBloc Plus had been further
improved to offer the capability for latent heat storage in
addition to good heat, re and sound insulation character-
istics and positive environmentally compatible characteris-
tics for adjusting air humidity.

The migration of the heat front through the outer wall is

slowed down by the active PCM component. The result is
a highly insulating stone that shows smaller temperature
H+H Deutschland GmbH
uctuations on the inner wall surface for the same U-value.
This leads to more constant indoor temperatures.

Further product developments on request.

Tips for Planners

Micronal PCM has demonstrated its performance in accordance with the criteria of the RAL
quality control association, Gtegemeinschaft PCM e.V, in comprehensive test series. Micronal
PCM has passed all tests, both as a raw material and also in PCM SmartBoard dry wall-
boards, and has had the RAL quality mark since 22 August 2008. Thus invitations to tender ac-
cording to RAL-GZ 896 for building products based on Micronal PCM correspond to good
professional practice and the recognised technological rules.

Details can be found at www.pcm-ral.de

8 Micronal PCM Intelligent Temperature Management for Buildings

Micronal PCM High Performance

in Intelligent Building Concepts

The PCMexpress Simulation Software

The PCMexpress program was developed within the
framework of a research project in collaboration with the
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Technology (ISE) in
Freiburg, the Valentin Energiesoftware Company and other
industrial partners. PCMexpress is a planning and simula-
tion program for buildings with phase change materials
(PCM). It is designed to support architects and planners in
the evaluation of the effect of PCM in concrete buildings,
by enabling secure decision making for the sizing of the
overall system. As a concluding presentation, amongst
other things, project reports were offered for customers
and planners, as well as meaningful graphs for comparing
the systems.

Dr. Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH

Reference Items with Micronal PCM

In the past few years Micronal PCM was sampled and tested several times in real reference items. Below three
examples are shown from the areas of commercial construction, school construction and housing construction.

PCM evaluation made easy

More about the free simulation software

PCMexpress along with the download link
can be found at www.micronal.de
 9 Micronal PCM Intelligent Temperature Management for Buildings

Reference Item 1: Commercial Construction

Objective: Optimised energy concept with excellent

indoor climate conditions for staff

Construction item: Ofce construction for

Engelhardt & Bauer in Karlsruhe

Application: active cooling ceiling elements with

renewable cooling sources (geothermal probes)

Product: Ilkazells Ilkatherm radiant panel

Concept and monitoring: Fraunhofer Institute for

Solar Energy Technology (ISE) in Freiburg

Result: Geothermal probes as renewable cool sources

constantly provide cold energy for the Ilkatherm cooling

ceiling. In addition automatic window opening takes care

of night ventilation to discharge the building at night.

Micronal PCM acts as a temporary storer for the peak

loads occurring during the usage time in the day and

thus homogenises the just-in-time cooling requirement.

Reference Item: Engelhardt & Bauer

Small-sized geothermal probes are the cold

sources
Exh
Energy efcient solution based on sustainable aus
t air

cooling concept PCM radiant panel

No heat exchange between the cold source

Night air
and the radiant ceiling panel
Cooling per-
Minimal technical effort expended, small Night air formance of
Daytime cooling 20 kW at 16C
operating and investment costs through radiation
exchange

Under oor heating with waste heat from production

10 Micronal PCM Intelligent Temperature Management for Buildings

Reference Item 2: Housing Construction

Objective: Most constant indoor temperature possible

at 23C, autarkic supply via photovoltaics

Construction item: German contribution to the Solar

Decathlon Competition of the DOE in Washington D.C.

2008

Concept: Professor Hegger, Darmstadt Technical

University

Application: passive temperature management at 23C

on walls and active cooling ceilings

Products: Knauf PCM SmartBoard and Ilkatherm

cooling ceiling panels

Construction methods: wood-framed lightweight

construction, partly with vacuum insulation, interior

ttings dry construction

Implementation: student work group around

Professor Hegger, Darmstadt Technical University

Website: www.solardecathlon.de

Reference Item: Solar Decathlon House

Darmstadt TU
 11 Micronal PCM Intelligent Temperature Management for Buildings

Reference Item 3: School Construction

Objective: Good thermal comfort in container

lightweight construction without active cooling.

Construction item: new school building for the state of

Luxembourg, town of Diekirch

Concept: Public Buildings Administration, new build-

ings division, Luxembourg

Application: purely passive temperature management

at 23C on walls and ceilings

Product: Knauf PCM SmartBoard

Construction methods: structural work steel container

construction, interior work dry construction and PCM

grid ceilings

Implementation: ALHO Systembau GmbH, Morsbach

Monitoring: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy

Technology (ISE) in Freiburg

Reference Item: School Building Diekirch

Further reference items are to be found at

www.micronal.de
Micronal PCM was developed with
helpful support from the BMWi (Federal
Ministry of Economics and Technology)
under funding references: 0329840 and
0327370
 = registered trademark of BASF SE
EDK B 0818de

BASF SE
Business Management Micronal PCM
Marketing Polymer Dispersions for Construction
67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
www.micronal.de
E-mail: micronal@basf.com
For further information please contact us on our
toll-free numbers and you will automatically be
transferred to your regional contact person:
Phone: 00 800 - 227 66 257 or 00 800 - ACRONALS
Phone: 00 800 - 227 66 259 or 00 800 - ACRONALX

The data contained in this publication are based on our current knowledge and experience. They do not constitute the agreed contractual quality of the product and, in view of the many factors that
may affect processing and application of our products, do not relieve processors from carrying out their own investigations and tests. The agreed contractual quality of the product at the time of transfer
of risk is based solely on the data in the specication data sheet. Any descriptions, drawings, photographs, data, proportions, weights, etc. given in this publication may change without prior informa-
tion. It is the responsibility of the recipient of our product to ensure that any proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are observed (11/2008).
These PCM containing construction solutions are currently available for end market users:

Micronal PCM-modified gypsum boards of the product family Alba are

available at Saint Gobain Rigips in Switzerland. Thanks to a PCM load
of 3 kg Micronal PCM/m the dry wall boards are able to provide a
constant and pleasant room temperature. Alba balance is 2,5 cm thick
and comparable to a conventional double covered gypsum plasterboard.
These boards are ideal for use in partition walls, facings or suspended ceilings.

Rigips AG
Uwe Kuhfeldt, Head of Produktmanagement Tel: +41 (0) 62 887 44 60
Hauptsitz Gewerbepark, CH-5506 Mgenwil, email: uwe.kuhfeldt@rigips.ch
Switzerland www.rigips.ch

Drywall boards based on clay from ebb can be used similarly to

conventional gypsum boards. After finishing the surface with a fine filler
both building methods are practically no longer distinguishable. The
boards are particularly interesting from the ecological aspect and have
won several architectural prizes already. There is also a version available which is able to act as a wall
heating, when a current is applied. This makes sense especially in combination with a photo voltaic
system: During the day, it is powered and charged by sunlight. And at night the PCM part keeps the
room at a moderate temperature.

Eco Building Boards Tel.: +44 (0) 800 5 677 611

Christian Nialki cn@ebb.im
15 Acland Crescent London, SE5 8EQ www.ebb.im
UK www.lebast-lehmbaustoffe.de

The Machine- applied PCM plaster weber.mur clima from Saint-

Gobain Weber has a load of 20 % Micronal PCM. As a development
product Maxit Clima was the first product of all which used Micronal
PCM. Therefore processing experience has been available since
2001. Lead time for orders is approx. 4 weeks.

Saint-Gobain Weber GmbH

Tel.: +49 (0) 20 58 / 8 96-1 31
Georg Kolbe
Fax: +49 (0) 20 58 / 8 96-2 31
Head of product marketing Wall Systems
Mobil: +49 (0) 1 78 / 2 00 25 95
Meiersberger Strasse, 42489 Wlfrath, Germany
Leveraging the latest, most advanced technology, Armstrong
has developed CoolZone, an innovative ceiling solution. Based
on Micronal PCM Technology the purpose of CoolZone is
keeping living and work areas at a steady temperature around
the clock with no need for AC. Of course an effective way to maintain a pleasant temperature in
summer is to increase the thermal capacity of a structure especially in lightweight buildings, which are
more prone to overheating in the summer. CoolZone is ideally suited to climates that drop below 20
at night. In the hot afternoon, the ceiling panels absorb the heat and keep the room pleasantly cool.
Overnight, they release the energy throughout the room while using the cool night ventilation to
change back to their solid state. So theyre fully charged and ready to get back to work the next day!

Armstrong World Industries Ltd.

Building Products Division (+44) 0800 371 849 (UK)
Armstrong House (+353) 1800 409 002 (RoI)
38 Market Square, Uxbridge UB8 1NG Fax: (+44) 01895 274 287

Two other construction materials containing Micronal PCM are

offered by CSV in Poland. One Solution is the plaster Klima-544
TYNK, which cuts temperature peaks in summer and takes care
for a comfortable room temperature. The other Product is a Micronal PCM based heating screed.

Grupa CSV
Aleksandra Konratowska Tel: +48 91 46 92 359
Biuro handlowe email: akonratowska@csv.pl
al. Lipiahska 8 www.csv.pl
74-200 Pyrzyce, PL

With its innovative wall system the Austrian company Scheicher presents an interior design concept
for flexible room solutions which can fulfill several aspects of broad design specifications. Thanks to
the incorporated PCM the wall system satisfies technical aspects in terms of energy efficiency, as well.
Beside the cooling and heating abilities the system provides

1. Temperature control without Energy expenses

2. Constant Humidity thanks to moisture regulating properties of clay
3. Wall system with prefabricated Components which are easy to mount
4. Made of renewable raw materials

Alois Scheicher GmbH

Tel.: +43 6245 8410236
Nadina Ruedl
email: nadina.ruedl@scheicherwand.com
5421 Adnet Nr 241
www.scheicherwand.com
Austria
COOL-PHASE ventilation system is Monodraughts
answer to mechanical air-conditioning systems (AC).
Collaborating with The University of Nottingham, BASF
Ltd, and the Carbon Trust, Monodraught has created an extremely low energy, intelligent passive
cooling and heat recovery system for use within Commercial, Academic and Health Care
environments. The main purpose of the COOL-PHASE system is to provide powered fresh air
ventilation, but with the added capability of storing and discharging large amounts of latent thermal
energy. The system incorporates a micro-encapsulated phase change material (PCM) slurry, which
utilizes latent thermal energy to allow for up to 4kWh of thermal storage, and supplying around 1kW of
cooling at any one time. Designed for Zero Carbon COOL-PHASE is a green alternative helping to
reduce a buildings carbon footprint.

Monodraught Ltd Tel: +44 (0)1494 897700

Halifax House Cressex Fax: +44 (0)1494 532465
Business Park High Wycombe Buckinghamshire info@monodraught.com
HP12 3SE www.cool-phase.com

BASF co-operates constantly and very intensively with customers from the most diverse industries, in
order to realize further PCM containing products for the application in buildings. Please contact us, if
you have a specific need for further solutions. We will then have a closer look at which additional
possibilities become available.

Tel: +49 621 60 99 510

Fax: +49 621 66 99 510
email: micronal@basf.com
www.micronal.de


Alba

Albabalance
Efficient room temperature
management with innovative PCM
plasterboards.
Where energy
efficiency increases
comfort.
Energy-efficient construction is the order of the day.
However, demand for maximum indoor comfort is also
increasing. The new Albabalance plasterboards allow
you to efficiently reconcile both of these targets whilst
saving energy. This is made possible by the innovative
microcapsules with phase-change material (PCM).
These ensure that surplus heat in walls and floors is
latently stored and automatically released again when
temperatures drop.
 Albabalance plasterboards
for a balanced indoor climate.

Phase-change material PCM as latent heat storage

Phase-change material (PCM) is able to soak up large quantities of
thermal energy and retain it for long periods of time with very little loss.
This is made possible by high-quality paraffins which change physical
state between solid and liquid: when they melt upon reaching a particular
temperature, they absorb the resulting thermal energy (heat of fusion),
which is then released again upon solidifying. This phase transition can
be repeated as many times as required.

Plasterboard as a natural thermostat

The innovative Albabalance plasterboard construction material contains
specially developed PCM microcapsules which change phase within humans
comfort zone (23C or 26C). If the room temperature exceeds these values,
then the excess heat is absorbed by the boards. If the temperatures should
drop again, this heat is returned to the environment. This creates natural
regulation of the indoor climate without the need for an external energy
source.

Increased comfort all year round

Albabalance plasterboards with PCM microcapsules ensure an even
room temperature whatever the time of year in summer and winter alike.
This makes them an ideal panelling material for partition walls, wall linings
and claddings as well as for suspended ceilings. The fact that they do not
simply increase comfort but also reduce heating and cooling costs makes
them a worthwhile investment in building efficiency, environmental
protection and quality of life.

According to a study conducted by the Royal Institution of

Chartered Surveyors (RICS), buildings are the cause of
around 40% of all CO2 emissions in industrial nations.
Energy-efficient construction using Albabalance
plasterboards thus makes an active contribution to
climate protection.
3
 Delay overheating,
reduce peak loads.

Temperature peak shifting

Whilst classic (plasterboard) drywall panels heat and cool
in parallel with the intensity of the heat input, Alba
Temperature T

balance plasterboards break up the heat peaks. This is

Temperatur T

due to the latent heat storage properties of the PCM

Tm microcapsules used: when the phase transition (from solid
to liquid and vice versa) is initiated, the temperature of the
board remains at its current level and only further
increases or decreases once this process has been fully
Time t completed.
Heat input
Classic drywall panels (plasterboard)
Plasterboards with PCM This means that excessive maximum temperatures due to
intense sunshine or heating or to waste heat from
Since classic (plasterboard) drywall panels offer sensitive heat storage, machines and appliances can be significantly delayed.
heating runs in parallel to heat radiation. For boards with PCM, however, This peak shifting effect reduces energy requirements for
this process persists for longer at their defined phase change
the mechanical re-cooling of excess heat, or allows the
temperature. This gives rise to a peak shift, i.e. a time delay in the
temperature change. heat surplus to be postponed to times when it will not be
disruptive or can even be used (e.g. when the heat output
drops during the evening).

Temperature smoothing
Heat storage Heat output
Since the PCM microcapsules store the absorbed heat
and release it again once the room temperature drops
below the predefined value, Albabalance plasterboards
Temperature T

reduce temperature fluctuations. In order to achieve the

Tm
Classic drywall panels (plasterboard)
Heat Q
Plasterboards with PCM
Excess heat is stored by the PCM microcapsules during phase changes
and rereleased when required. This results in a smaller temperature
fluctuation amplitude and thus a more uniform room temperature.
desired effect within the human comfort zone, the choice
of board type is governed by the need for the correct
phase change temperature (23 or 26C).
Temperature smoothing should not be confused with an
air-conditioning or heating system, as the PCM
microcapsules do not generate any heat or cold but instead
simply temporarily store it. However, this can be used to
lower the peak load of mechanical air-conditioning and
significantly reduce heating consumption.

4
 Temperature equalisation
with Albabalance plasterboards.

Keep wall temperatures in the comfort Wall temperature (C)

30
zone
The fact that the PCM microcapsules in Albabalance
plasterboards offer a reduction in fluctuations between 28

maximum and minimum wall temperatures compared to

(C)
(C)
lightweight walls has been proven with measurements 26

Temperatur
Temperature
conducted in a reference room of the Fraunhofer Institute for
Solar Energy Systems in Freiburg, Germany (Albabalance 24

test report). This measured the wall temperatures of a simple

panelled lightweight wall with 12mm (plasterboard) drywall and 22
a plasterboard wall consisting of 2 x 12.5mm PCM boards with
a melting point of 26C. The results conclusively demonstrated
20
that the peak levels of PCM boards remained consistently 160 162 164 166 168 170
Day of the year
below those of lightweight boards.
Classic drywall panels (plasterboard)
Plasterboards with PCM

Albabalance plasterboards ensure reductions of up to 2K in wall

temperature measurements compared to classic (plasterboard)
drywall panels.

Reduce maximum room temperatures Room temperature (C)

30

Walls heat absorption and emission properties have

29
a significant effect on room temperature.
Measurements conducted in a reference room on 28
(C) (C)

27
various drywall varieties attest to this. Classic (plasterboard)
Temperature

26
drywall panels have the widest fluctuations and reach the
Temperatur

25
highest temperature in the course of the day. Due to their
higher mass, conventional Alba (solid) plasterboards 24

already produce slightly lower maximum temperatures. 23

However, the top performers were Albabalance 22

plasterboards with PCM microcapsules: thanks to their 21

20
latent heat storage properties, the peak values can be 160 165 170 175 180
Day of the year
reduced by another 1.5K. In addition, a long-term
comparison shows a considerable reduction in temperature Classic drywall panels (plasterboard)
Classic plasterboard panel (solid plaster)
fluctuation amplitude. Plasterboards with PCM

For walls with Albabalance plasterboards, the room temperatures

measured over a longer period of time remained consistently in the
comfort zone between 22 and 25C (with the exception of a handful of
peaks and troughs).
5
 Summer and winter,
day and night.

Comfort through natural

26C 19C temperature equalisation
An even room temperature increases the productivity and
physical comfort of those in the room. As the PCM
24C 19C
microcapsules introduced into the plaster ensure natural
temperature equalisation, Albabalance plasterboards are
able to achieve this with considerably reduced use of
17C 19C
energy. The boards also release the heat evenly, ensuring
that there is no difference in temperature between the floor
Classic drywall panels (plasterboard) Plasterboard with PCM
and ceiling. Draughts and other unpleasant side effects of
mechanical air-conditioning systems
Albabalance plasterboards emit heat evenly, largely neutralising are also reduced.
temperature differences between floor and ceiling.

Increased comfort thanks to effective

Phase transition thermal insulation in summer
Highly effective insulation and airtight construction
Temperature T

sensitive methods in buildings with large windows prevent trapped

Tm
latent
heat from escape back outside. Albabalance
sensitive sensitive
plasterboards offer an easy solution to this problem: as
they absorb ambient heat above the comfort
Classic drywall panels zone and then rerelease it when there is sufficient night-
(plasterboard)
Plasterboards with PCM time ventilation (air exchange rate of 3 to 4), they ensure
efficient heat insulation in summer.
Heat Q

Under strong sunlight, classic (plasterboard) drywall panels heat up in

parallel to the heat input. With Albabalance plasterboards, on the
other hand, the heat is absorbed by the PCM microcapsules.

Dynamic heat capacity, based on layer thickness [kJ/(m K)]

Save space with more
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 compact space storage
Concrete
Slowing down heating in summer and cooling in winter
Sand-lime brick requires as high wall thicknesses as possible in solid
Brick construction. With phase-change material (PCM), this heat
Lightweight exchange requires significantly reduced weight and mass.
Wood A plasterboard partition wall with 2.5cm Albabalance
Glass wool panels on each side (+ 5cm insulation) can store as much
Albabalance heat as a brick wall 20cm thick. This saves space and
increases the yield of commercial properties.
The dynamic heat capacity of Albabalance plasterboards in the
PCM microcapsule melting range (21 to 24C) compared to walls
made of conventional construction materials.

6
Increase comfort and save energy
with Albabalance plasterboards.

Case study Minergie-P-Eco residential

building: soak up the sun and enjoy comfort.
In order to ensure optimal implementation of the thermal storage
mass in the timber structure, together with the timber structural
engineer and the energy planner we sought alternatives to
complicated and bulky solutions. We eventually concluded that
Albabalance plasterboards were very well suited to our directly
solar powered house concept primarily because they are
thinner and significantly lighter than other options. We used
Albabalance plasterboards for walls and ceilings in rooms which
receive high levels of heat from the sun. This provides additional
sound insulation for ceiling areas, improves the indoor climate in
summer and helps to store heat in winter. The additional
production cost expenditure of approx. 1.25% is easily justified by Property: apartment building on Poststrasse, Spreitenbach
the increase in living comfort and the anticipated energy savings. Use: 7 freehold apartments across 3 floors and one attic floor
Developer: Poststrasse construction consortium, c/o 5
Architekten AG, Wettingen
Stephan Spaar, HTL-qualified architect, partner at 5 Architekten
Architecture and planning: 5 Architekten AG, Wettingen
AG
Energy planner: Solararchitektur GmbH, Chur
Timber structure: Timbatec GmbH, Thun

Case study private villa in Tessin:

eco-friendly construction and healthy
living.
In this property, thermal mass for heat storage was lost due to
the internal insulation required for the exposed concrete faade.
We assessed a number of scenarios which might compensate
for this loss, and the option of using a construction material
containing PCM emerged as the ideal solution. Its low space
requirements, high storage capability and ease of processing
were the key factors in this decision.
We used the new Albabalance plasterboards as panelling
for walls and ceilings in rooms which receive high levels of
heat from the sun, and also as internal insulation for the
faade walls. Since environmental protection and healthy
living is very important to us, we were happy to accept the Property: Private villa on the Via i Qudra, Novaggio
Architecture: Studio darchitettura Jean-Patrick Jaccard, Caslano
marginal cost increase.
Energy planner: Moggio Engineering SA, Bioggio

Jean-Patrick Jaccard, STS/OTIA-qualified

architect, proprietor of Studio darchitettura

7
Where you create
sustainability in
construction.
Albabalance plasterboards do more than simply
provide your construction projects with efficient
passive climate regulation they also make an effective
contribution to protecting the environment. Thanks to
their excellent ecological credentials, they can be
seamlessly included in the efforts for sustainable
construction and to improve buildings energy
efficiency. Their technical and economic advantages
are winning over those responsible for their active
implementation.
 Albabalance plasterboards for
eco-friendly construction concepts.

Energy-efficient construction concepts

Intelligent construction in accordance with the Minergie-P-Eco standard or
with low-energy, passive or self-sufficient active housing concepts could
sustainably reduce Switzerlands CO2 emissions. As an ecologically
responsible construction material, Albabalance plasterboards can help to
achieve this goal. Their thermo-active properties increase individual well-
being in buildings with thick shells, and solve the issue of heat insulation for
large windows in summer without additional (or with hugely reduced) energy
consumption.

Enormous potential for old buildings

According to the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), the energy needs of
all Swiss residential and commercial buildings can be reduced by 50 to 70%
in the long term. As well as for new builds, there is great potential for saving
energy by renovating old buildings. However, so-called surface renovation is
still very widespread when restoring existing buildings. Albabalance
plasterboards can be used to quickly and economically introduce thermal
mass into old buildings, motivating the homeowners to ecologically upgrade
their holdings.

Closed cycles for construction materials

Albabalance plasterboards achieve an excellent ecological balance. Made
from the natural raw material plaster and non-toxic paraffins for the PCM
microcapsules, they are totally harmless to humans. Considerate management
of Rigips Swiss quarries and their subsequent renaturalisation, energy-
efficient panel production, short transport distances and the recycling of waste
and dismantled building materials all serve to protect the environment and
ensure a closed cycle.

Together with ecologically responsible construction

methods, technical installations and energy systems,
a buildings ecological balance is also affected by its
construction materials, as well as their transport and
disposal. This means that the entire life-cycle from
cradle to grave must be considered as a whole. 9
 Environmentally sound
and economically attractive.

Reduction in CO2 emissions

Albabalance plasterboards are manufactured in Rigips
Swiss factories using local raw plaster. This ensures
short transport distances from the quarry to the
production plant and on to the market. The
manufacturing process uses cutting-edge, energy-
efficient, latest generation burners as well as
environmentally-friendly natural gas and green
electricity. Once installed, the boards do not produce any
additional CO2 emissions: in fact, they help to reduce the
energy consumption associated with heating and the use
of mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning systems,
which continue to consume power even after their
construction is complete.

As a buildings environmental balance is affected to a considerable extent

by the manufacturing processes of the construction products it contains,
Rigips is continually reducing its factories CO2 emissions and has also
filed binding reduction targets with the federal authorities.

Worthwhile investment
In ideal conditions, energy-efficient refurbishment and
the use of PCM materials can entirely remove the need
to install air-conditioning systems or considerably
reduce the required size of such systems. This
significantly lowers investment costs for building service
equipment. Thanks to their economic construction, low
operating weight and easily-achieved high-quality Q3
surface finish, the minimal additional costs of the boards
are negligible. The high level of flexibility as regards
changes of use, the removal of the need for drying time
and the space gain offered by the plasterboards all
provide additional economic benefits.
In light of global warming, investment in mechanical cooling systems is
becoming more and more significant. In many cases, installing
comparatively cheap Albabalance plasterboards considerably reduce
the building service equipment costs.

10
Responsible construction
with Albabalance plasterboards.

Reduce energy and operating costs

Depending on the buildings construction type and
technical equipment, using Albabalance plasterboards
can cut cooling energy requirements by up to 50% and
also significantly reduce heating consumption. This helps
the environment and also lowers operating costs. By
removing the need to install mechanical air-conditioning,
the purchase of PCM plasterboards will pay off within just
a few years.
As energy prices will continue to increase over the
coming years, the payback period is becoming
increasingly short! This combined with the fact that the
wall panels have no maintenance costs.
Medium and long term energy prices are demonstrating a purely upward
trend for both fossil fuels and electricity. Increasing energy efficiency
by constructional means is therefore an ecological and also economical
necessity.

Long service life and

eco-friendly RiCycling
PCM microcapsules are as ecologically harmless and
durable as the natural construction material plaster. RAL
endurance testing has demonstrated that the melting and
liquefaction
process used for heat storage and
emission can be repeated indefinitely.
This guarantees the Albabalance
plasterboards a service life of at least
30 years. Segments and dismantled
building materials can be easily
reprocessed in the Rigips RiCycling
plant, and subsequently used to
produce new Alba panels. In September 2011, Rigips put Switzerlands first reprocessing plant
for plaster segments and dismantled plaster building materials into
operation in Granges. This move relieves the burden placed on
landfills and saves valuable local resources.

11
Where people
feel
comfortable.
Besides their thermo-active properties, Albabalance
plasterboards with phase-change material offer all the
familiar advantages of drywall construction: a healthy
indoor climate without formaldehyde, plasticiser or
similar emissions, natural regulation of air humidity,
pleasant surface temperatures all year round, excellent
sound insulation and maximum flexibility. Their
extremely smooth surface provides a perfect
appearance. This produces rooms where people feel
comfortable at work and at play.
 Albabalance plasterboards
for new builds and renovations.

Ideal for residential and commercial buildings

Whether conventional or air-conditioned, traditional or complying with the
Minergie standard Albabalance plasterboards ensure a balanced room
climate anytime, anywhere. This makes them equally suitable for residential
homes and industrial, office, commercial and public buildings. As PCM boards
also absorb exhaust heat from office equipment and lighting, in many cases
they eliminate the need to retrofit air-conditioning systems or devices when
renovating older commercial buildings.

Versatile particularly for wooden structures

Albabalance plasterboards have extremely versatile applications
as panelling for faade and partition walls or alternatively as cladding
for suspended ceilings, wooden beam ceilings and attics. In wooden
structures, they enable the thermal mass to be brought up to the level
of a solid or conventionally designed building. This creates
unprecedented levels of comfort and counters many common
preconceptions of timber constructions.

Renovations with interior wall insulation

Energy-efficient improvements are often made to old buildings using interior
wall insulation. As these separate the solid external walls from the interior
rooms, the heat stabilising effect of the brickwork is lost. The thermo-active
properties of PCM compensate for this drawback. Whilst a conventional
lightweight faade panel with 2 x 12.5mm (plasterboard) drywall panels
achieves a heat storage capacity (Ceff) of approx. 6.00 Wh/m2K, a faade
panel using 1 x 25mm Albabalance plasterboards reaches 72.5 Wh/m2K.

Life and work should also be healthy and

comfortable in energy-optimised buildings.
Albabalance plasterboards help to improve the
environmental balance of buildings where they are
used, and also to increase comfort levels. 13
 Albabalance plasterboards
for walls and wall panels.

Plasterboard interior wall insulation Plasterboard metal-framed wall

Plasterboard exterior wall in timber structure Plasterboard cladding for wooden frameworks

14
Albabalance plasterboards
for ceilings and attic extensions.

Plasterboard cladding for suspended ceilings Plasterboard cladding for wooden beam

Plasterboard cladding for heated/chilled ceilings Plasterboard attic extension

15
Albabalance plasterboards.
The choice is yours.

Product range
Melting point Latent heat Board type Board size Basis weight
Room temperature storage (dH) Width x length x thickness

23C 300 kJ/m2 Albabalance 23 500 x 1000 x 25 mm 25 kg/m2

26C 330 kJ/m2 Albabalance 26 500 x 1000 x 25 mm 25 kg/m2

Technical data
Identification Pale pink

Gross density approx. 1000 kg/m3

2
Basis weight approx. 25 kg/m
2 2
Latent heat (dH) 300 kJ/m2 = 83 Wh/m2 (operating temperature 23C)
330 kJ/m2 = 91 Wh/m2 (operating temperature 26C)

Specific heat (C ) 28.3 kJ/m2 K

2
Total storage capacity (1030C) 866 kJ/m
2
Flexural strength approx. 8.8 kg/cm

Hardness (Shore) 52
2
Compressive strength 3.9 N/mm

Shear strength 1.4 N/mm2

Adhesive strength > 0.25 N/mm2

Building material class (DIN EN 13826:2002-06) Indicative test B S2 d0

Fire class 5.3 (flame-retardant, low smoke formation)

Characteristics Ridge and groove profile round all edges

Thermal conductivity 0.27 W/mK

Water vapour diffusion resistance 510

Processing Drill, saw or mill, never chisel

Surfaces Spackle in joint areas or all over

Finish Paint, wallpaper, top coat or tiles

16
 Albabalance plasterboards.
Good service all round.

Technical advice
Experienced in-house and field service technical advisers
support your detailed planning and offer you
comprehensive information on all design types. We are
also happy to advise you on special requirements, for
example walls with high sound insulation requirements or
with increased fire protection properties.

Quotations, costings, logistics

Quotation documents and calculation bases are available
to you on CD-ROM or on our website. For more complex
properties, we prepare a tender if desired and provide the
corresponding material lists. It is also our policy to ensure
punctual delivery to the construction site using our special
cranes.

RiCycling
Thanks to our unique RiCycling concept, we ensure
environmentally-sound disposal and reprocessing of
plaster segments and dismantled plaster building
materials. With each order, you will receive a number of
Big Bags delivered to the construction site as collection
containers. Full bags are collected by our partners, pre-
sorted and delivered to our RiCycling plant. For further
information:
Tel. 062 887 70 30 or www.rigips.ch/ricycling

1
www.rigips.ch

Drywall plasterboard.
Expansion that makes sense.
Uses Rigips Alba

Wall systems Lightweight Plasterboard

walls Faade walls Partition
walls Cladding walls Faade
walls Cladding

Ceiling systems Suspended ceilings Suspended ceilings

Cladding Cladding
Coffered acoustic ceilings
Jointless acoustic ceilings

Floor systems Dry flooring

Room systems Lightweight walls and ceilings

for large heights and spans
Room-in-room constructions

Timber structures Stiffening panels

Lightweight walls
Faade walls
Cladding
Dry flooring

Prefabrication Rigips

Mouldings Domes
Panelling

Processing Rigips Alba

Plaster and Adhesive

Grout
surfaces Filler and white plaster

Auxiliary equipment Machinery

Tools
Equipment

Service Rigips Alba

Planning and Advice

implementation Training and further
training Tender/costing
Material list
Logistics
RiCycling

Rigips
AG
Gewerbepark
nderungen vorbehalten

Postfach
5506 Mgenwil AG
Tel: 062 887 44
44
Fax: 062 887 44 45
Email: info@rigips.ch
www.rigips.ch
 CI/S FB (35) XY
Febuary 2012

CoolZone,
at the heart of your energy ambitions

Who cares about energy efficiency?
Almost everyone customers, workers and residents,
eco organisations and, more than ever, governments.
As the earth warms and temperatures increase,
so do costs and regulations. A lot is at stake!
People want
comfort and
cost savings
With homes and offices full of
people, computers, photocopiers
and other energy sources, achiev-
ing optimal comfort during gruelling
hot summers is sometimes close
to impossible. Cranking up the air
conditioner cant be the answer,
especially since occupants are
increasingly conscious about their
costs and impact on the environment.
And employees are typically eager to
stay away from loud compressors
and hazardous coolants.
and
sustainability
demands are
heating up
Governments are paying closer
attention too. In fact, the EU is
targeting 80% energy reduction
by 2050. In March 2007, the EU
Heads of State and Government
set a series of demanding climate
and energy targets to be met by
2020, which includes a 20% drop
in greenhouse gas emissions
(compared to 1990), a 20%
increase in renewable energy
sources, and a 20% increase
in overall energy efficiency.
Reaching these expectations will
require real innovation in building
design and technologies.
How does CoolZone actually function?
Environmentally
friendly
CoolZone
Health,
Whole-life
value
well-being
& thermal
comfort
Thermal mass is the foundation
Now theres
An effective way to maintain a pleasant temperature
a smart new in summer is to increase the thermal capacity of a
structure. By absorbing heat in walls or ceilings and
solution! releasing it at the right moment, thermal mass acts
as a buffer against temperature fluctuations.
Leveraging the latest, most-
This is especially true for lightweight structures, which
advanced technology, Armstrong
are more prone to overheating in the summer.
has developed CoolZone, an
innovative ceiling solution that
absorbs energy during the day
and releases it at night, keeping
living and work areas at a steady
temperature around the clock.
During the day, the building interior
stays refreshingly cool with no
need for AC. Overnight, as the
temperature drops outside, the
ceiling desorbs heat and is ready to
work the next day.
Cool Zone 3 4 Cool Zone
 PCM?
PCM, or Phase-Change Material,
is a substance with a high heat of
fusion which, melting and solid-
ifying at a certain temperature, is
capable of storing and releasing
large amounts of energy. Heat is
absorbed or released when the
material changes from solid to
liquid and vice versa; thus, PCMs
are classified as latent heat
storage (LHS) units.

Source: Wikipedia

PCM is the game changer

Unlike traditional thermal-mass materials like brick and
concrete, Phase Change Material (PCM) melts and
solidifies at specific temperatures, which enables it Innovation Energy modelling A total system
to store and release large amounts of energy. that works overtime with CoolZone approach
The key component is the interplay between solid
and liquid states. As long as these two states exist CoolZone is ideally suited to climates To optimise efficiency and demonstrate Optimising the benefits of the CoolZone
simultaneously, the temperature wont increase. that drop below 20 at night. In the hot regulatory compliance, energy modelling cassettes means designing and specifying
Instead, the inflowing energy is used up in the phase afternoon, the CoolZone cassettes has become a requirement during the the ventilation solution to create an
transition and thus remains latent. suck up the heat and keep the design stage of a building. Most energy- integrated energy strategy for the building.
room pleasantly cool. Overnight, they modelling software packages now include Thanks to a robust network of alliances
Think of ice cubes in a drink: as the ice absorbs the release the energy throughout the the possibility of adding PCM to the and partnerships in the HVAC industry,
warmer temperature from the drink, the ice slowly melts. room while using the cool night ventilation analysis, allowing you to develop more- Armstrong is able to offer valuable advice
But as long as theres still ice, the drink temperature to change back to their solid state. So effective cooling and ventilation strategies. and modelling to establish the right balance
stays constant. theyre fully charged and ready to get Depending on the cooling load in the of thermal comfort and energy efficiency.
PCM is similar but even better. Because, unlike the ice back to work the next day! building, Armstrong recommends that
cubes, PCM returns back to its solid state with between 30% and 50% of ceiling
For advice regarding energy
just a little cool night air. coverage be reinforced by CoolZone
strategy and modelling, contact
cassettes in order to achieve optimal
an Armstrong representative.
performance.

Cool Zone 5 6 Cool Zone


A word with Jeremy Sumeray
Armstrongs Sustainability Manager discusses the companys long-term
vision in sustainability and explains how CoolZone can play a key role
in energy reduction.
What is the relationship today
between sustainability and builders?
JS: Companies and governments
recognise the importance of integrating
economic growth with social justice and
environmental stewardship. They see
the importance of change, but they also
know it has to work on paper. Thats why
theres an expanding focus on the cost
and availability of low-carbon energy
to power our world and provide us with
comfortable, cost-efficient places to
work, live, learn and play.
What has Armstrong been doing
to address this need?
JS: We have an ambitious programme to
reduce the amount of energy we use to
produce our ceiling systems and, more
importantly, to help designers and building
owners to specify materials that will
reduce the amount of energy consumed
while the building is in use. We have
developed energy-efficient chilled-ceiling
solutions, and were now introducing a
PCM ceiling system that further reduces
energy consumption in buildings.
So is it enough to just use the right
products?
JS: Energy-efficient products are merely
the beginning of our forward-thinking
strategy. Our product-development pro-
cesses take a complete cradle-to-grave
approach to ensure that we use resources
efficiently and in a way through which our
products can be recycled at the end of
their life. Our increasing use of Life Cycle
Analysis is a powerful tool to help us
become a truly sustainable company.
How does CoolZone fit into your
sustainability approach?
JS: With CoolZone, we now have a
product that is carbon-positive, which
means it eliminates more CO2 than
is embodied in the material during
manufacturing. Successful integration
of CoolZone into building design
contributes towards achieving the highest
green-building ratings. Furthermore, our
technical support, training and design
expertise now extends to integrating
CoolZone with heating, cooling and
ventilation strategies.
How much of a difference
can renovations make?
JS: A big difference. Existing buildings
account for about 40% of greenhouse
gas emissions. Since these buildings
will be with us for many more years, we
cant ignore their impact. To reduce their
overall energy consumption, renovating
the building stock must be a priority. This
will require low-energy technologies,
renewable energy systems and well-
designed use of thermal mass.
Cool Zone
With optimal efficiency, everyone wins!
Companies reduce energy costs. Employees enjoy greater comfort. And the environment
breathes more easily.
Armstrongs CoolZone solution improves thermal comfort and contributes to the intelligent
energy management and commercial success of a building in a number of ways
People feel better Energy saving
Indoor comfort can now be managed more Reduce high-usage peaks. The smooth
intelligently. By absorbing heat throughout temperature fluctuations of the PCM result in
the day, CoolZone cassettes help to reduced air-conditioning cycling frequency,
maintain an even temperature, ensuring which contributes to an even greater
greater comfort for building occupants. reduction in energy consumption.
Cost savings
During internal testing, the onset of air
conditioning was delayed by four or five
hours in an average office. In addition to
improved comfort, this can save around
40% of HVAC energy costs and
reduce investment costs by choosing
an air-conditioning system better adapted
to a CoolZone environment.
A fully autonomous
solution
Once installed, CoolZone doesnt need
any attention or special investment from
you. The only energy it needs is from fresh
ventilation overnight. And thats free!
-40%
of the HVAC energy cost
7 8 Cool Zone

22
stabilised room temperature
Long-term reliability
CoolZone can outlast conventional HVAC
systems. In recent tests, the PCM was
put through 10,000 cycles with no loss
of performance. Thats equivalent to a
minimum 30-year service life.
Perfect for renovations
CoolZone integrates seamlessly into
existing buildings. Additionally, Armstrongs
lay-in metal tiles are an ideal retrofit solution
and can be incorporated into existing
suspended ceiling systems.
Easy to move around
Flexible and loose-fit, CoolZone cassettes
can be moved easily to wherever theyre
needed most. Occupants can move them
within a room to deal with an area of high
heat load, or from room to room, or even
take them to a new building.
At your service
Armstrong offers a wide range of services
to support the specification and installation of
CoolZone cassettes
CPD PRESENTATIONS REVERBERATION-TIME
CALCULATIONS
INSTALLATION TRAINING
30
RECOMMENDATIONS
DEDICATED TEAM ON VENTILATION AND
NIGHT-PURGE OPTIONS
CAD DRAWINGS
ALLIANCES AND
GRID STRENGTHENING
PARTNERSHIPS
IN THE HVAC INDUSTRY
years service life
Certifications
The Quality Association PCM was founded in 2004
to develop proper quality-assurance procedures. The
two organisations entrusted with this task were the
Bayerisches Zentrum fr Angewandte Energieforschung
Future proof e.V. (ZAE Bayern) and the Fraunhofer-Institut fr Solare
Energiesysteme ISE.
The benefit of using less energy to cool
The objective is to guarantee the quality of the storage
buildings is only going to increase over
material as well as objects containing such storage
time. This is true from both a sustainable
materials. The fundamental quality criteria are the stored
and a financial point of view.
heat as a function of temperature, the number of possible
repetitions without any adverse effects, and the thermal
Recycle conductivity of the storage materials, which is important for
the charge and discharge time.
Armstrong CoolZone cassettes can be
recycled at the end of their life, and the BASF has conducted extensive tests on Micronal to
PCM insert between the metal tiles can be ensure its long-term performance.
recycled as part of the gypsum-wallboard
The material was put through 10,000 cycles with no loss of
recycling programme.
performance. Assuming 300 cycles per year, this suggests
a durability of over 30 years.
Cool Zone 9 10 Cool Zone
 CI/S FB (35) XY
Febuary 2012

Product Specification & Technical Performance

Item Number Nominal Size (mm) Thickness (mm) Weight (kg)
COOLZONE TEGULAR 8/16 BPCZ4980M 600x600 25 9.0
COOLZONE MICROLOOK 8/16 BPCZ4981M 600x600 25 9.0
Other systems and modules are also available on request.

WEIGHT
25 kg/m2

THERMAL CAPACITY
TECHNICAL
DATASHEET
The CoolZone infill contains 25% BASF Micronal with a melt point temperature
of 23C providing a total heat storage capacity of 136.2 Wh/m2.

FINISH
Factory applied polyester powder coat, minimum thickness 55 microns.

STANDARD SEMI-STANDARD
COLOUR
RAL 9010 Global White RAL 9006 RAL 9007
EN ISO 2813:2000 GLOSS 20% 12% 30% 30%

LIGHT REFLECTANCE 85% 75% n/a n/a

EN ISO 7742-2 & 3
CoolZone, the high thermal mass ceiling solution
Other colours available upon request.
Armstrong CoolZone uses the metal ceiling tiles with a 24mm infill and service elements making up the
latest and most advanced phase incorporating BASF Micronal phase remainder of the installation, although
ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE
change technology to maximise change material. The CoolZone this will depend on many factors
_w: 0.25 NRC: 0.20 Hz 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000
comfort while minimising energy cassettes are suspended in standard including the building construction,
Sound Absorption Class: E _p 0.35 0.20 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.20 use. CoolZone high thermal mass Armstrong exposed grid systems and orientation and thermal loads. Contact
EN ISO 354
& EN ISO 11654
cassettes incorporating phase change can be installed in conjunction with Armstrong Atelier for information
Dnfw: 40 dB materials absorb heat during the day standard Armstrong ceiling tiles to and calculations to help determine the
saving energy costs and reducing optimise both the thermal comfort right quantity of CoolZone cassettes
EN ISO 10848-2
& EN ISO 717-1 CO2 emissions associated with the and the acoustic comfort of the room. for an individual project.
cooling of buildings.
Typically 30-50% of the ceiling area
Armstrong CoolZone cassettes are would comprise of the Armstrong
FIRE PERFORMANCE Up to 95% RH
produced from unperforated Armstrong CoolZone cassettes with standard tiles
EEA. Euroclass B-s1, d0 (for short-term exposure)
EN 13501-1

RECYCLED CONTENT
Metal ceiling tiles: up to 30%
EN ISO 14021

Cool Zone 11
Product Specification & Technical Performance Service life
BASF has conducted extensive tests on Micronal to ensure its long term performance. The material was put through
Item No. Nominal Size (mm) Thickness (mm) Weight (kg) 10,000 cycles with no loss of performance. Assuming 300 cycles per year this delivers a durability of over 30 years.
COOLZONE TEGULAR 8/16 BPCZ4980M 600x600 25 9.0
COOLZONE MICROLOOK 8/16 BPCZ4981M 600x600 25 9.0
Other systems and modules are also available on request.
Product Lifecycle & Disposal
CoolZone cassettes are assembled in the UK at an ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified manufacturing plant.
WEIGHT
25 kg/m2 Armstrong CoolZone cassettes can be recycled at the end of their life. The phase change material insert between the metal
tiles can be recycled as part of the gypsum wallboard recycling programme.

THERMAL CAPACITY
The CoolZone infill contains 25% BASF Micronal with a melt point temperature
of 23C providing a total heat storage capacity of 136.2 Wh/m2.
FINISH
Factory applied polyester powder coat, minimum thickness 55 microns.
Installation & Maintenance Information
CoolZone cassettes should be stored under conditions of use in a dry interior location and should remain in cartons until
installation. Cartons should be stacked and oriented as shown on the carton. Care must be exercised during handling
and opening of cartons to avoid damage. The use of soft cotton gloves is recommended for tile installation. Individual
CoolZone cassettes weigh 9Kg, significantly more than standard metal ceiling tiles, and care should be taken
during installation. Due to this weight, special considerations need to be made when considering the grid system.

STANDARD SEMI-STANDARD For new CoolZone installations, Armstrong Prelude 15mm or Prelude 24mm exposed grid installation is recommended with
COLOUR main runners at 600mm centres and with hangers at 1000mm along the main runners. The first hangers should be within
RAL 9010 Global White RAL 9006 RAL 9007
450mm of the perimeter trim. This will maintain Class 1 deflection as per EN13964:2004+A1:2006.
EN ISO 2813:2000 GLOSS 20% 12% 30% 30%
For refurbishment installations, please contact us for specific detailed loading calculations.
LIGHT REFLECTANCE 85% 75% n/a n/a As the the CoolZone cassettes are formed from two Armstrong Metal tiles, one with an 8mm return and a one with a 16mm
EN ISO 7742-2 & 3
return, the tiles are reversible and can be installed with either the 8mm or the 16mm return visible.
Other colours available upon request.
Armstrong CoolZone cassettes are re-locatable and can be easily relocated within a space, supplemented with additional
cassettes, or moved to another room in the building as required by the cooling loads. Care must be exercised when moving
ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE CoolZone cassettes due to their heavier weight and consideration must be given to the grid support if moving CoolZone
_w: 0.25 NRC: 0.20 Hz 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 cassettes into new areas.
Sound Absorption Class: E _p 0.35 0.20 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.20 Armstrong CoolZone cassettes should not be cut. Perimeter tiles and tiles required to be cut for service elements should
EN ISO 354
& EN ISO 11654
be standard ceiling tiles.
Dnfw: 40 dB
Armstrong CoolZone cassettes require no more maintenance than a standard metal ceiling tile and are washable with a
EN ISO 10848-2
sponge dampened in water containing mild soap or diluted detergent. Abrasive cleaning agents should not be used.
& EN ISO 717-1

FIRE PERFORMANCE
EEA. Euroclass B-s1, d0
EN 13501-1

Up to 95% RH
(for short term exposure)

RECYCLED CONTENT
Metal ceiling tiles: up to 30%
EN ISO 14021

CoolZone TECHNICAL DATASHEET 2 CoolZone TECHNICAL DATASHEET 3

Details & Drawings
CAD drawings are available for ceilings utilising Tegular or MicroLook CoolZone cassettes and with either the 8mm or the
16mm return. An Armstrong Prelude 24 XL2 grid installation utilising Tegular CoolZone cassettes with the 8mm return visible
is shown below as an example.

TEGULAR 8

WANT
TO LEARN
MORE
For more questions about CoolZone
?

03/2012 - PX1215 - Armstrong Building Products - RCS Besanon B 784 131 575 Printed on free chlorine paper. Thinkstock, Shutterstock.
or any Armstrong products or services,
contact us today!

www.armstrong-atelier.eu
www.armstrong-ceilings.co.uk
www.armstrong-ceilings.ie

Coolzone

Alternative perimeter solution Alternative perimeter solution

6OJUFE
,JOHEPN
t
3FQVCMJD
PG
*SFMBOE
Armstrong World Industries Ltd.
Building Products Division
Armstrong House
38 Market Square, Uxbridge UB8 1NG
A - 600 mm or cut to size 0800 371 849
6,

r
1800 409 002 (Rol)
B - 1000 mm
Fax: +44 (0) 1895 274287

Contact Armstrong for further details and CAD drawings.

CoolZone TECHNICAL DATASHEET 4



National Gypsum
TM

ThermalCORE Panel
National Gypsum

ThermalCORE Panel TM

Wall panel with latent heat storage capacity

Description Fiberglass Mat
Enhanced
National Gypsums 1/2" Mold Resistant
ThermalCORE Panel contains Gypsum Core
Micronal*phase change material
(PCM) produced by BASF. Micronal
is a microencapsulated, high-
purity paraffin wax. This material
changes phase from solid to liquid
when it reaches 73 F, absorbing
thermal energy to help moderate
a rooms temperature. When tem-
Fiberglass Mat
peratures fall, the wax solidifies
and releases heat. This alternating
process of melting and solidifying Features/Benefits
allows ThermalCORE to absorb Micronal
daytime temperature peaks, ideally  Provides added thermal mass
providing a more consistent room not typically found in traditional Gypsum Crystals
temperature. lightweight construction.
ThermalCORE is faced with a fiber-  Moderates indoor climate
glass mat and is manufactured with and provides a more consistent
an enhanced mold resistant core. temperature. Scanning Electron Micrograph
For ease of installation, ThermalCORE  Potential for greater energy
comes standard with GridMarX efficiency through latent heat Technical Data
guide marks printed on the surface. storage. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
These guide marks align with stan-  Phase change material is Nominal Thickness 1/2"
dard building dimensions and help contained within virtually Standard Width 4'
to quickly identify fastener lines for indestructible microscopic acrylic Standard Length 8'
stud and joint framing. The panels capsules which will not leak. Nominal weight (lbs./sf) 2.1
require a skim coat and will accept
 BASF has subjected Micronal Edges Tapered
decoration similar to standard Surface Burning Characteristics Class B
to 10,000 cycles to verify
gypsum board.
durability. Combustibility (per ASTM C 136) Combustible
 Fiberglass facer and treated Mold Resistance (per ASTM D 3273) 10
* Micronal is a registered trademark
core provides extra protection Latent Heat (BTU/sf) 22 (Approx.)
of BASF.
against mold growth per ASTM
D 3273, achieving a score of How Phase Change Materials Moderate Room Temperatures
10, the best possible score. Day

 Handles and installs like regular

gypsum board.
Temperature

Night

Time/days 1 2 3 4
Without With Comfort zone
www.thermalcore.info Micronal PCM Micronal PCM

Corporate Headquarters Technical Information

National Gypsum Company Phone: (800) NATIONAL
2001 Rexford Road (800) 628-4662
Charlotte, NC 28211 Fax: (800) FAX-NGC1
Phone: (704) 365-7300 (800) 329-6421
Web: nationalgypsum.com
nationalgypsum.com/espanol
111109 11/09
PCM
Phase Change Materials
The microscopic plastic pellets contain a
storage medium made of waxes in their core.
Once the temperature rises, the wax melts
and the PCM devices absorb heat.
If the temperature falls, the wax hardens and
releases heat.
The temperature remains stable during the
phase transition.
Low Tech beats
High Tech = k.Wand
1) Air-conditioning without energy costs
This is achieved by the effect of Phase Change Materials (PCM). A descrip-
tive example for the effect of PCM devices is the ice cube, which absorbs
heat from its environment while melting in a drink, but releases heat into
its environment while solidifying in a freezer. During the phase transition
from solid to liquid and vice versa its temperature remains constant at zero
degrees Celsius.

The idea 2) Consistent humidity due to the self-regulating properties of the clay

behind k.Wand plaster applied to the wall surface

Increasing energy costs and a healthy life and work awareness, as
well as a trend towards Green Building, led to the development
of k.Wand.
In terms of high design demands, diverse methods of resolution
regarding room design for users and resource management for a
sustainable life cycle, the k.Wand formula is the solution:
Clay is a construction material with a string of advantageous proper-
ties. It regulates humidity, unaffected by mould and is an excellent heat
retention medium. These properties combined with the advantages of
the Scheicher.Wand wall system lead to a new and energy-efficient
applicability.

PCM + Lehm = k.Wand 3) Cost-efficient installation due to high degree of pre-fabrication and
swiftest possible adaptation to new floor plans

The Scheicher.Wand wall solution, with its patented clip system, offers
Active climate its user the possibility to adapt the room design to current and future
needs.
regulation
leads to an
4) Controlled renewable resources and recyclable materials
improved working
environment Our innovative room concepts are developed on the basis of sustainability
principles and resource conservation, to be then implemented bearing in
mind the entire life-cycle of a product.

Quelle: www.micronal.de
 Low-Tech beats High-Tech = k.Wand History.Tradition.
Alois Scheicher GmbH, A-5421 Adnet 241, T + 43 (0) 6245/84102-36, F + 43 (0) 6245/84102-41, kontakt@scheicherwand.com, www.scheicherwand.com
The foundation of the company Scheicher.
Wand by Alois Scheicher dates back to 1923.
Today Rudolf Scheicher runs the business in
High-Tech premium product based on clay and PCM the third generation and is considered one
of the leading manufacturers of wooden wall
systems.
Controlled renewable and recyclable materials Every partition wall produced by Scheicher
is created by a distinctive mixture of crafts-
Resource conservation man tradition, precise planning and the most
Entire life-cycle of a product modern production technologies. The pro-
ducts distinguish themselves through high
functionality, as well as a unique language of
Rudolf Scheicher on
materials and form. This guarantees a unmis-
Air-conditioning without energy costs the k.Wand takable quality - a quality that shows in an easy
Phase Change Materials (PCM) and flexible applicability.
I see it as my duty to com-
Climate wall bine newest technologies with
traditional ones and to ensure
Design.Craftsmanship.Quality.
Reduction of CO2 emissions throughout the entire product life-cycle the exclusive use of technolo- The Scheicher dynasty has cultivated and
preserved craftsman knowledge, as well as a
Improved working environment gies and materials that allow a
closed cycle of materials. cautious handling of material and form, over
decades.
This means that the company revert to a huge
Consistent humidity bandwidth of processing possibilities. Wood
is combined with glass and aluminium. The
Unaffected by mould, excellent heat retention creative statement is based on contempora-
ry design, which is expressed via a clear,
straightforward form language, supplemen-
ted by the use of paints and lacquers. This
Cost-efficient installation creates a graceful and aesthetic product that
has a considerable effect in the process of
Patented clip system designing rooms.
Partition.Connect.Design.
k.Wand
The pretence of Scheicher.Wand is to
create living spaces that in which creativity
and individuality can thrive.
The modular nature of the Scheicher system
enables the simple organisation of rooms
and spaces. The system is a host for glass
areas, acoustic elements and other organisa-
tional elements such as pin walls, shelves and
magnet boards. The use of modular wall
systems can combine aesthetic demands
and technical functions in a simple and
flexible manner.
Production.Delivery.Installation.
Our partition wall systems are exclusively
manufactured in our facility
near Salzburg. This is where our most
in Adnet
trained employees go about their job
and ensure a free-flowing production
cycle. The decisive aspects are precise
planning and clearly defined processes.
Additionally a perfected, patented installation
system enables a simple and tidy installation
of our partition walls at all times. Based on
these high pretences we have develo-
ped a new clay partition wall system,
which is incomparable regarding func-
tionality, energy efficiency and ecologi-
cal aspects, as well as the conservation
of resources the Scheicher k.Wand.
A product of the Alois Scheicher GmbH
VSURGXNWH

weber.mur clima 26 maxit clima 26

Gypsum phase-change material

Range of application Quality control

weber. mur clima 26 is a special machine-applied gypsum plaster for
production of single-layer interior plaster on all types of masonry,
plaster underlay and gypsum breboard, with temperature-regulat-
ing effect on increases in room temperature greater than 26 C. For
increasing the thermal mass of buildings and building parts in light-
weight construction through a heat storage capacity that is approx.
18x greater in the temperature range between 23 and 26 degrees.
Description
weber.mur clima 26 is a factory mineral dry-mix mortar.
weber.mur clima 26 is subject to constant quality control via self-
monitoring.
General instructions
Do not mix any additives with the mortar.
During processing and drying of the plaster, the air, the materials
used, and substrate temperature should not drop below +5 C.
For application and execution, DIN 18 350 VOB DIN V 18550 and
DIN EN 13279-1 apply.
Adjacent components must be separated from the render system.

Composition
Special instructions
Gypsum, specially adjusted PCM (Phase-Change Material),
lightweight mineral additives for better processing and bond Coating after drying (1 mm/day), with wallpaper and Weber-maxit
paints in accordance with the Technical Guidelines for Painters,
leaet 10 (Technische Richtlinien fr Maler, Merkblatt 10),
Product features e.g. the silicon resin paint weber.top 411 for execution of building
material class B1.
produces a healthy interior climate
Combustion behaviour: B2 normally ammable. B1, difcult
high yield to ignite when using a paint that forms an insulating layer.
temperature-regulating Do not use any silicate paints or silicate renders.
Compressive strength: 1.5 N/mm When coating with thin-layer nishing plasters, we recommend
pre-treatment with a bonding primer. Due to the application of
Heat conductivity: > 0.3 W/mK
top coatings the thermal transfer can be reduced.
Water vapour diffusion resistance
coefcient : 10

1
maxit clima 26 weber.mur clima 26
Primer or smooth nishing render with
temperature-buffering effect on ceiling

Gypsum phase-change material

and walls.

Substrate preparation
The plaster underlay must be clean and solid.
The masonry must satisfy the requirements in DIN 1053 Masonry,
the concrete must satisfy the requirements in DIN 1045 Concrete.
The unevenness of the plaster underlay must be within the
permissible tolerances of DIN 18202 Tolerances in building
construction. RANGE OF APPLICATION
Highly-absorbent substrates, e.g. cellular concrete, are treated
with the gypsum porosity-regulating primer weber.prim 407, Phase-change material
concrete must be treated with the gypsum bonding primer Single-layer render for residential interiors
weber.prim 408. Gypsum breboard must be treated with the For walls and ceilings
bonding barrier primer weber.prim 404.
PRODUCT FEATURES

Working instructions Temperature-regulating

Produces a healthy interior climate
Mechanical:
High yield
Only mix with the machine Duo mix 2000 with intensive mixing
and pump spiral. PRODUCT DETAILS
Manually: Water requirement:
Thoroughly mix the content of a bag with the specied quantity approx. 19 l / 30 kg
of water so that a consistency suitable for processing is achieved.
Storage:
Base plaster execution: Can be stored for up to 3 months if kept dry and protected against
Apply the mortar in the specied thickness, comb-off smooth moisture.
after the surface stiffens.
Smooth nish execution: CONSUMPTION / YIELD
Pre-smooth combed-off base render so that pores are lled or approx. 13.0 kg/m approx. 1.5 m / 20 kg
full-coverage, to max. 3 mm thickness, with the gypsum plaster
weber.mur 659.
After stabilising, but prior to drying, re-smooth (touch-up) with
freshly mixed weber.mur 659. PACKAGING UNITS
Packaging Unit Pallet
Paper bag 20 kg 35 bags

1 2

3 4

2
To the best of our knowledge and belief at the time, our recommendations for use are true and accurate. These
recommendations are without any commitment on our part. They create neither a legal position nor any minor
obligation. In no case the buyer of our products is delivered of duty for testing our products under his own
responsibility whether the product is suitable for his specific application. The technical figures result from laboratory
tests. In practice these figures might differ.

Saint-Gobain Weber GmbH
Headquarter:
Schanzenstr. 84
D-40549 Dsseldorf

Export Department:
Lohstr. 61 45711 Datteln
Tel. +49 23 63 399-0
Fax +49 23 63 399-154
 Selected Showcases using Micronal PCM - Technology page 1/2

Type of PCM-
Name Location Date/Year
Construction Application

Germany, Refurbishment,
3-Liter-House passive 2001
Ludwigshafen Residential
Source: LUWOGE

Badenova-
New Construction,
Administrative Germany, Offenburg passive 2002
Office
Building
Source: MAXIT

"DSC" LUWOGE Germany, New Construction,

active 2003
Servicecenter Ludwigshafen Office

Source: LUWOGE

Source: BASF

Offices and Lofts

Germany, Berlin Refurbishment, Office active 2004
Gotzkowskistrae

"Haus der New Construction,

Germany, Mnchen passive 2005
Gegenwart" Residential

Source: Haus der Gegenwart GmbH

Secondary School Germany, Lauffen am New Construction,

passive 2005
Hlderlin Gymnasium Neckar School Building

Source: Hlderlin Gymnasium

Meisterhaus Germany, Refurbishment,

passive 2006
Sodastrae 40 Ludwigshafen Residential

Source: LUWOGE

New Construction,
Engelhardt & Bauer Office, Building active, chilled
Germany, Karlsruhe 2006
open-plan office envelope has passive ceiling
house quality
Source: Ilkazell

New Construction,
Office, Building
"Sonnenschiff" Germany, Freiburg passive 2006
envelope has passive
house quality
Source: Sonnenschiff

BASF Showcase France, Fontenais Refurbishment,

passive 2006
Fontenais Sous Bois Sous Bois Residential

Source: Logirep, F
 Selected Showcases using Micronal PCM - Technology page 2/2

Type of PCM-
Name Location Date/Year
Construction Application
Source: BASF

Germany, Refurbishment,
Visitor Center BASF passive 2007
Ludwigshafen Museum

New Construction,
UK, Watford, Residential, Building
Kingspan Lighthouse passive 2007
Hertfordshire envelope has passive
Source: house quality
Kingspan, UK

Worcester Bosch UK, Bilford Road, Refurbishment,

passive 2007
Energy House Worcester Residential

Source: Worcester Bosch

active und
New Construction, passive,
Solar Decathlon Germany, Darmstadt 2007
Residential 100% solar
powered
Source: TU Darmstadt

Netherlands, New Construction,

WILO Training Center active 2008
Amsterdam Office

Source: WILO, NL

New Construction,
School Building,
School building Luxembourg, Diekirch passive 2008
Steelframe
Construction
Source: BASF

New Construction,
Charles Sturt
Australia, Albury University, reached 6- passive 2008
University
Star-Rating in 2009
Source: BASF, AUS

Jaguar Technical
UK, Birmingham Refurbishment, Office passive 2008
Academy

Source: Jaguar Cars, UK

New Construction,
BASF Showcase Residential, Building
UK, Nottingham passive 2008
Nottingham envelope has passive
house quality
Source: University of Nottingham, UK

Version: 07/2009
Project Reference

Reducing CO 2
In Buildings

Energy Efficient Training Academy

Project:
The Academy, Warwick
Client:
Jaguar Land Rover
Scope of Project:
4,500m2 Renovation
Carbon Savings:
284.9 tonnes of CO2 per annum
Year Completed:
2008
Project Description:
BASF, the chemical company, provided advice and products to help Jaguar Land Rover create an energy efficient Technical Academy for its dealer
technicians and apprentices.

This new training academy was opened in Warwick after an extensive refurbishment program to renovate this old, derelict steel framed warehouse
facility. BASF, the leading raw material supplier to the construction industry, assisted Jaguar Land Rover with the renovation of the new Academy
building by offering advice and solutions for environmental efficiency and to provide alternative sustainable materials for the project.

Thermal Assessment
LUWOGE consult, an energy consultancy team from the real estate
company of BASF, carried out a thermal assessment of the buildings
fabric and its heating and power systems. This revealed that without
improvement the building would emit 417.9 tonnes of carbon dioxide
a year. Using new products and sustainable building solutions
suggested by the BASF consultants, Jaguar Land Rover hope to
cut this to 133 tonnes. This provides a staggering saving of
284.9 tonnes of CO2 per annum being lost from the building.

Insulation & Air tightness

To reduce heat loss through the walls and roof, over 4,500 square
metres of spray foam insulation was applied to the inside of the steel
structure. Elastopor H, from BASF subsidiary Elastogran, forms a
continuous, even insulating layer, with no joints, gaps, or thermal
bridges. It has a much better thermal conductance than other insulating
materials with the same layer thickness, helping to significantly reduce
the cost of insulating and sealing the building.

Flooring and Tiling Solutions

A range of BASF Construction Chemicals floor preparation materials
were specified throughout the office, catering and workshop areas.
PCI Nanolight is the first universal tile adhesive based on a patented
combination of special fillers and binders that specifically form
nanostructures. As a result, adhesion, strength and application
properties are substantially improved. PCI Nanolight is suitable for
wall and floor applications and provides 30% greater coverage than
conventional tile adhesives.

Cooling
Instead of using conventional air conditioning in the classroom areas,
the design team chose innovative new plasterboard which
incorporates Micronal PCM, a BASF phase change material
consisting of microscopically small polymer spheres containing a wax
storage medium. When the temperature rises, the phase change
material inside the polymer capsules absorbs heat and melts. When
the temperature falls, the liquid solidifies and emits heat. This ensures
a more uniform room temperature without the carbon emissions and
costs associated with conventional air conditioning.
About BASF
BASF is the worlds leading chemical company: The Chemical
Company. Its portfolio ranges from oil and gas to chemicals, plastics,
performance products, agricultural products and fine chemicals. As a
reliable partner BASF helps its customers in virtually all industries to
be more successful. With its high-value products and intelligent
solutions, BASF plays an important role in finding answers to global
challenges such as climate protection, energy efficiency, nutrition and
mobility. BASF has more than 95,000 employees and posted sales of
almost 58 billion in 2007. BASF shares are traded on the stock
exchanges in Frankfurt (BAS), London (BFA) and Zurich (AN). Further
information on BASF is available on the Internet at www.basf.com.
BASF plc
PO Box 4, Earl Road
Cheadle Hulme, Cheadle
Cheshire SK8 6QG
http://www.basf.com
www.energyefficiency.basf.com
 Partnering for Success
Record breaking low-energy building achieves excellent thermal comfort through
the use of BASFs innovative Phase Change Material and good design practice

A partnership between BASF and Charles

Sturt University (CSU) has resulted in the
design of an innovative office building in
inland Australia that will create a working
environment of exceptional comfort,
whilst slashing best practice energy use for
office buildings.

A new academic office building (AA3) will soon be CSUs Project Statistics
new low energy flagship building located on their award
winning environmentally responsible Albury-Wodonga Total Budget - $4.0m
Campus. Gross Floor Area 880m2
Over the past 18 months, CSU has worked closely with BASF Accommodation for 40 staff
to develop a new approach for achieving super low energy Two storey steel frame and concrete
office buildings, particularly focussing on ways in which PCM slabs and precast walls.
SmartBoard 23oC and Micronal microcapsules can be Roof insulation R5.6
incorporated within the building as a working element. Wall insulation R3.6
Thermal comfort std ASHRAE55
In AA3, PCM SmartBoard will be used to form the ceiling and
the microcapsules will be embedded in the floor screed Typical Office Best Practice Predicted
throughout, effectively doubling the buildings thermal storage. Building Office Greenhouse
Building gas emissions
Whilst the use of PCM SmartBoard 23oC as a ceiling is a first 3 Star ABGR 5 Star ABGR of AA3
for Australian office buildings, the use of Micronal in the floor 135kg/ m2 71kg/ m2 24kg/ m2
screed is a first in the world!

The floor screed and ceiling act as oversized radiators to cool or

heat the internal occupied office spaces. During a summers day, as
the ambient air temperature increases, the temperature of the
building fabric remains constant at 23oC whilst the latent heat is
Hydronic
absorbed.
slab
Hydronic pipes are cast into the concrete slabs have the role to re-
Screed
charge the phase change material overnight using off-peak power.
Plaster
board The evaporative cooling system runs at the cool of night to
maximise efficiency of the system and the PCM then stores this
coolth for release during the warm days.

A network of temperature sensors have been installed in the strategic positions in order to monitor
actual performance of the various materials throughout the structure. The data from these sensors are
expected to form the basis of a research project to further advance the development of PCM , how it is
used and its contribution to reducing Greenhouse gas emissions.
Real Partnerships lead to Real Results
DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:25 Page 1

Building a Sustainable Future

The BASF House - UK Project

DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:25 Page 2

Building a sustainable future with The UK Code For Sustainable Homes

innovative chemistry The Code for Sustainable Homes introduces new mandatory minimum levels of performance
across five of the key categories:
BASF is committed to energy efficiency and saving resources by developing innovative solutions. This can only be achieved through joint efforts by
Energy efficiency/CO2
politics, society, science and business. In its role as The Chemical Company, BASF is dedicated to using energy efficient production processes at
its major sites worldwide. In 2007, BASF invested 1.4 billion in research and development and approximately one-third of this figure was Water efficiency
dedicated to energy efficiency, and saving resources. Use of Materials
Surface Water Management
Who We Are
BASF is the worlds leading chemical company. Our portfolio ranges from chemicals, plastics, functional solutions, performance products, Household and Site Waste Management
agricultural products, oil and gas. As a reliable partner to all industries, our high-value products and intelligent system solutions help our customers Pollution
to be more successful.
Health and Well-being
What We Achieve Management
Our goal is to use our products and services to successfully shape the future of our customers, business partners and employees. Ecology
Through profitable growth we aim to consistently increase the value of our company.

The Government is committed to cutting carbon dioxide emissions by 60% by 2050, relative to the 1990 levels. However, building sustainable
How We Shape The Future homes is not just about cutting CO2 levels how we build and use homes also has an impact on the environment. In April 2007 the Code for
We develop new technologies and use them to meet the challenges of the future and open up additional market opportunities.
Sustainable Homes replaced Ecohomes for the assessment of new housing in England. This environmental assessment method is based on
We combine economic success with environmental protection and social responsibility. This is our contribution to a better future for
Ecohomes and many house builders who currently use Ecohomes will find the credit system of the code familiar. One of the key differences
us and for coming generations.
between Ecohomes and the Code is that Ecohomes is based on the overall rating for the site, built up from various elements including location,
ecology and amenities. The Code assesses the sustainability of individual dwelling types against the specific design categories. Site wide issues are
BASF 2015 ENSURE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT also considered and the results are by dwelling type.

Integrated sustainability in customer relationships

The Creative Energy Homes Project
Creating Develop new target groups and markets
Values Identify relevant sustainability issues
Develop tailored solutions
Reduce reputational risks
THE SITE
THE SITE
Transparent communication
Reducing Risk

The Creative Energy Homes project is a showcase of innovative state of the art energy efficient homes of the future being built on the University
Park at Nottingham.
Public Recognition for Sustainability and Transparency
Six houses will be designed and constructed to various degrees of innovation and flexibility to allow the testing of different aspects of modern
methods of construction.
BASF included in the Global 100 list
of the worlds most sustainable The BASF House is the first to be completed. The build took just 25 weeks during a very wet and cold winter.
BASF shares included in top sustainability
companies for the 7th year running
indexes such as DJSI World
The project aims to stimulate sustainable design ideas and promote new ways of providing affordable, environmentally sustainable houses that are
innovative in their design.

BASF as a founding
BASF is a member of the World Business member of the UN Global
Council for Sustainable Development Compact

Page 2 Page 3
DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:25 Page 4

Achieving the CODE and a Passivhaus The BASF House - UK Project

for the UK
Energy and Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Energy Efficient Design
The collaboration between the School of the Built Environment at the University of Nottingham and BASF started as part of a research and
dissemination project which explored the application of the German Passivhaus Standard to other countries in Europe. The success of the
Passivhaus Institute in developing and implementing an approach to house design which is not only very energy efficient, but also meets
year-round comfort criteria, naturally led to the question of whether this is applicable in other countries and other climates.
The key effect of the design criteria means the house has a compact floor area and relies as much as possible on passive solar design. In essence
the design is extremely simple. The house has highly insulated north, east and west walls with the minimum number of openings compatible with
acceptable daylight levels. The southern elevation consists of a fully glazed two-layer sun space. A number of different opening apertures of various
configurations ensure that both of the glazed screens to the sun space can be opened or closed to facilitate heating or cooling. The space will
contribute to heating by the admittance of solar gain and for air pumped into the building below ground in the winter to pre-heat the space. The
sun space will contribute to cooling by the admittance of pre-cooled air in the summer from below ground and by minimising the effects of solar
gain through enhanced natural ventilation utilising a stack effect, induced by creating a low-pressure zone above the mechanically opening vents
below ridge level.

SIPs first floor and roof uses A Cool metal roof uses IR
From April 2008 every new residential property will require an Energy Performance Certificate for the Building Control Officer or Accredited
Elastopor H and OSB. reflective pigments to prevent
Inspector. This will include:
Elastopor H is a PU with metal from over heating.
excellent insulation credentials. Corus-BASF Coatings and
The energy efficiency of the dwelling
The carbon emissions figure BASF Pigments.
The cost of lighting, heating and hot water per annum
Recommendations on ways to improve the home's energy efficiency

In the UK, as part of the Creative Energy Homes Project at Nottingham Universitys School of the Built Environment, BASF, helped by its customers
and partners, has built a house to demonstrate how BASF raw materials and products can be used to create an energy efficient and affordable
home. This house, whilst initially experimental, has been designed by Derek Trowell Architects to function as a conventional dwelling.

In designing the BASF House in Nottingham, BASF has taken into consideration a number of issues currently affecting the construction industry
and how these could be overcome:-

 Energy Efficient and to have as near as possible Carbon Zero emissions

The total annual heating load is around 1200Wh which translates into 12.5kWh/m2. The house complies with the Passivhaus standards of
15kWh/m2 and can be called a 1.5l house. This demand will be met by a renewable source of energy: biomass.

 Affordable and Economical Design

Materials selected to balance the cost of building an energy efficient house against the requirement to make the house affordable to
a first time buyer, based on whole life performance cost and energy use. Alternative and new methods of construction selected to ensure a fast
Micronal Phase Change Material
track build to speed up the house build process. Ground Floor using ICF Neopor blocks and concrete
combined in internal plasterboard
Rheocell ICF. the Neopor is an EPS containing graphite
 Address the issue of Shortage in Skilled Labour which considerably enhances the insulative capacity.
15mm depth giving the same
thermal mass as 9cm bricks or
Alternative methods of construction such as Insulated Concrete Formworks and Structural Insulated Panels were selected over The Rheocell admixture enables a lower carbon
traditional brick and block work construction for a new source of labour. 12cm of concrete and provide
footprint concrete to be supplied and reduces the
passive air cooling/heating.
demand for natural fine aggregate by more than 12%.
 Lack of Available Building Land
The BASF Materials and Products selected in the project demonstrate the flexibility of alternative building materials designed to exceed
Code Level 4 and their suitability for semi-detached, multi-storey and terraced design.

 Offer Heating and Cooling Solutions to ensure comfortable living

An affordable Ground Air Heat and Cooling Exchange system and renewable energy sources have been incorporated into the design to
provide an effective, affordable heat and cooling source. The careful design of the ventilation system of the house ensures that the house can
achieve comfortable temperatures naturally by combining solar gains, natural ventilation and thermal mass provided by a new phase change Ground Floor Plan
material suitable for light-weight buildings. The energy use within the house is to be optimised by using WebBrick technology. This system will
Designed For Climate
allow the University to oversee and control the ventilation, heating, lighting, security and blinds remotely via the internet, or, from inside the
Protection
house. The house will be occupied by students as a living experiment to experience how comfortable life is within a house designed to
exceed code level 4.

First Floor Plan

Ventilation
Internal Planning and
Flexible Space
Thermal Mass
Solar Shading

Page 4 Page 5
DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:25 Page 6

Building Fabrics and Materials

The design of the house limits heat loss throughout the building. All materials have been responsibly sourced to ensure lower environmental impact
over their life cycle.

Solar Collection and Glazing

Windows
Practically 100% of the south facing faade and approximately 23%
of the whole north faade are windows (frame plus glass). There are
no windows on the East and West elevations. This then enables the
house to be built also as a terrace or semi detached unit. REHAU
and Astraseal have provided the structural glazing and windows for
the house.
The southern facing roof slope houses solar collectors, which will
provide around 80% of the house's hot water heating requirement.
These have been provided by Hoval.
U-Values of Windows
South Elevation: Internal curtain wall (double glazed):
1.7 W/m2 oC
External curtain wall (double glazed):
2.7 W/m2 oC
North Elevation: Double Glazed windows: 1.66 W/m2 oC
U-Value of Walls
The walls and roof have a maximum U-Value of 0.15W/m2 oC
Solar Area
A unique solar area has been designed by REHAU and the project
design team to ensure the house benefits from the heat of the sun
but prevents cool air from affecting the inside temperature.
To prevent overheating, the metal louvre system on the south
elevation provides summer time solar shading from the high summer
sun. Solar access is provided in the winter months.
The Porch
The use of a Biomass boiler will provide an additional heat source for
the house. This boiler requires a pellet store, which has been located
in the small porch to the north elevation to allow deliveries from the
point closest to the access road. The single storey porch also creates
a buffer zone between the outside and the heated interior and
storage for bicycles.
Health and Well being: Daylight
The house has been designed to improve the quality of life in the
home by utilising good daylight. This also then cuts the energy
required to light the home.

Key
1 - Pellet and Bike Store
2 - Porch
3 - WC
4 - Dining
5 - Study Landing
6 - Sun Space
7 - Balcony

Page 6 Page 7
DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:25 Page 8

BASF Insulation Solutions Foundations

BASF is one of the largest suppliers of raw materials to the construction industry for insulation materials. Roger Bullivants have supplied the sub-structure for the house using a new foundations solution called System First. This system uses driven steel
piles, topped off with pile caps cast into shuttering. These points are then spanned by lightweight steel formers that then carry a grid of shallower
Energy-saving homes with BASF technologies contribute worldwide to lowering CO2 emissions. BASF insulating materials such as Styropor, trays and Neopor insulation boards. In-situ concrete then completes a homogenous, load-bearing floor with excellent U-Values. Although this
Neopor, Styrodur C (XPS) and Elastopor H help to reduce energy consumption and conserve resources. system is no faster than a beam and block installation, there is no requirement for a crane or other mechanised lifting device as all the components
are low in weight.
The BASF expertise in Germany to use innovative materials to build homes according to energy efficient methods has been transferred to other
countries. From its own property company, LUWOGE and consultancy LUWOGE consult show homes in Germany, Italy, France, the United States
and South Korea demonstrate how energy and money can be saved in the long term. An appropriately improved insulation level, combined with
phase change materials is a simple, cost effective means of increasing comfort and drastically reducing the heating demand in cold countries and
the cooling demand in hot ones.

Roof and Walls

In order to minimise fabric and infiltration losses, high levels of insulation were selected for the house. This achieved a u-value of 0.15 for the walls
and roof respectively.

SIPS First floor and

roof using Elastopord H

ICF using Neopor Springvale Platinum Insulation

for additional insulation values

EPS Insulation Ground Floor: ICF

Neopor, an expandable polystyrene (EPS), is the innovative refinement of the classic BASF invention for insulation
and packaging, Styropor. Foams made of Neopor are silver-grey because they contain graphite, which
considerably enhance the insulating capacity. Foam manufacturers can save up to 50% raw material for the same
lambda value and installers can work with panels that are 50% lighter in weight or up to 20% thinner.
BASF Neopor Insulating Concrete Formwork
For the ground floor walls the BASF Neopor insulating concrete formwork (ICF) system,
is based on lightweight CFC-free expanded polystyrene moulded blocks made from BASF
Neopor. These blocks were assembled and supplied by Logix to create the shape of the
building, including window and door openings. The core was then filled with a pumpable
concrete which contains a specially formulated BASF concrete admixture; Rheocell ICF mix,
supplied by Bardon Concrete.

Nominal density 25kg/m3

Nominal thermal conductivity: 0.030 W/(m-K)

Once set, the concrete becomes a monolithic structure and the formwork remains in place
as thermal insulation, with U-Values ranging from 0.30 w/mk down to 0.11 w/mk, ideal
for zero energy buildings.

Page 8 Page 9
DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:25 Page 10
Sustainable Concrete Solutions
BASF Rheocell ICF Mix
This new, pumpable ICF concrete mix enables a lower carbon footprint concrete to be supplied because it reduces the demand for natural fine
aggregate, such as sand by more than 12% over traditional concrete. This Rheocell ICF mix also improves the thermal and acoustic qualities of
suitably designed concrete.
The keys to admixture sustainability:
BASFs Construction Chemicals division is the leading supplier of chemical systems and formulations for the construction industry. Continuous
innovation and tailor-made solutions ensure its customers are more successful. Its Admixture Systems business unit provides a comprehensive
range of technologies which is backed up by expert consulting and professional services improving the quality, safety and economy of construction.
Ready mixed concrete has to fulfil a variety of requirements, depending on its end user, its field of application and the environment in which it is
placed. For producers, economical concrete production is vital, whereas contractors need concrete with long workability and easy placing
characteristics, and engineers are mainly concerned with high durability.
Increased fluidity: reduces noise and energy requirements during placing
Auditable reductions in energy and therefore CO2 levels
Optimised mix design: reducing embodied carbon dioxide and energy by enhancing the effectiveness of the cement component
Reduced permeability: increases the durable life of the concrete with an associated long term environmental benefit
Reduced damage from harsh environments: including marine, freeze-thaw and sub-zero situations, giving longer life
Improved quality: better finish and reduced service life repair
Air Tightness/Thermal Bridges
A common failing in housing is air leakage and cold bridges. The monolithic structure of ICFs provides a significant reduction of the number of
joints in a wall structure and requires simple detailing for windows and doors which significantly reduces the risk of air tightness failures.
External Render Systems for ICFs
Since the integration of the RELIUS Group in early 2007, BASF Coatings has offered construction paints
for interior and exterior applications as well as external wall insulation systems in Europe.
ICFs are becoming increasingly popular for many projects due to the speed of construction, energy
saving benefits, design versatility and sustainability. Relius Render Systems are ideal for application to
ICF structures.
Cement based, polymer modified, reinforcement layer incorporating fibreglass mesh for increased
crack resistance
Relius Silicone and Acrylic based finishing renders do not require over painting. They are vapour
permeable yet weather resistant
Relius Silicone and Acrylic renders are supplied with Relius Algosilan fungicide. Delays the onset of
algae growth on finishing renders
Relius Express grade silicone render allows application of finishing layer in temperatures from +1C.
Relius Silicone and Acrylic renders are available in over 500 colours
Relius render systems have been applied to EPS substrates for over 30 years and offer proven
performance with many millions of square metres completed
Page 10
First Floor: SIPS
Structural Insulated Panels
Elastogran
The Elastogran Group is one of the worldwide leaders in polyurethanes (PU). As part of the BASF Group, we have over 40 years' experience in the
PU industry. Elastogran is the market and technology leader for polyurethane systems and polyurethane special elastomers, as well as the leading
supplier of polyurethane basic products.
Elastopor H - Rigid Foam Systems
Elastopor H is a closed-cell polyurethane rigid foam used for many applications in the field of heat and cold protection due to its excellent
insulation properties.
This "made-to-measure insulant" boasts extremely low thermal conductivity levels matched by no other conventional insulant. Good mechanical
properties and excellent adhesion mean the material has a wide range of applications. Its insulation properties are very high even when thin.
Elastopor H systems are a significant component of multi-layer construction elements (known as sandwich panels) featuring a polyurethane
insulating core and diffusion-resistant metal coatings. These are used as facade or roofing elements in the building of cold stores, warehouses
and factory buildings as well as in the building of containers and vehicle super-structures. Sectional gate elements, doors and garage doors are
also produced with an insulating PU core. These metal composite elements are manufactured in continuous twin belt and intermittent
(press) production.
Elastopor H insulation elements with flexible coatings (e.g. aluminium, paper) are used in housing construction for sloping, flat-roof, cavity wall and
floor insulation. Elastopor H's excellent mechanical properties mean it can also be used in areas subject to pressure like parking decks, terraces
and roof gardens.
A prefabricated timber insulated sandwich panel containing rigid polyurethane foam insulation has been used on the house. This material has been
chosen because of its lightweight, high insulation factor and the ability to prefabricate off-site non-rectangular shapes i.e. to the gable walls.
The roof is constructed of the same material. This avoids the need for a separate roof structure, as one would need for a traditional build.
The use of these materials creates a highly insulated and energy efficient quick to erect building envelope. For this project Elastogran customer
SIP Building Systems Ltd., manufactured these panels and SIP IT Scotland carried out the installation.
Reduced energy consumption
Lower energy bills
90 percent less air leakage than timber stick-framed structures
No thermal bridging or convection looping
Page 11
DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:25 Page 12

Air Leakage Testing

The new Part L1A Regulations came into effect on 7 April 2006 and concentrates on the Conservation of Fuel and Power within New Dwellings.
All new dwellings will require an Airtightness Test to achieve the standard. During the design stage a great deal of attention was given to the details
ensuring high-quality finishing, air-tightness and avoidance of heat loss through thermal bridges.

Thermal modelling by the University of Nottingham and Energist highlighted sections of the building which could be susceptible to air tightness
failings. To prevent this from happening additional preventative measures were undertaken on the first floor to address this.

Additional Insulation
Springvale Platinum EPS Insulation
An additional layer of insulation was added internally to the SIPs panels and internally and externally to the ICF to
ensure a U-Value of 0.15 was achieved. Springvale Platinum EPS insulation was used to do this. The product
used here was similar to the ground floor foundations, where eight cubic metres of Springvale Platinum
Floorshield EPS 120 high-grade insulation had already been used at 120mm thickness to provide high levels of
thermal performance.

Springvale Platinum is a rigid, light-weight insulation board with a closed cell structure that incorporates BASFs
Neopor graphite component, enabling it to deliver high insulation values. The product is supplied in various
grades, depending on the compressive strength requirements and in standard board sizes of 1200 x 2400mm.

Springvale Platinum is manufactured without the use of CFCs or HCFCs. It has zero ODP (Ozone Depletion
Potential) and zero GWP (Global Warming Potential). Using the BRE environmental profiling system, Platinum
scores as few as 0.043 Ecopoints over a 60 year lifespan. For the upper storeys, this was then overclad with
Knauf's Futurepanel with SmartBoard installed in all south facing rooms' ceilings.

PCI Pecidur
Within the bathroom area, PCI Pecidur tile backer boards were used instead of Neopor on the SIPs sloping ceiling panels & walls as a waterproof
and insulating solution. This additional insulation was required to achieve a higher U-Value and ensure airtightness was maintained.

As part of the BASF group PCI are specified throughout sports, leisure, housing, retail and health care facilities for tiling and contract flooring
solutions whether traditional methods of construction or offsite modular build techniques are applied.

Page 12 Page 13
DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:25 Page 14

Cladding and Roofing Phase Change Materials

PLASTICERAM
The first floor and roof required a lightweight, durable, waterproof cladding. Colorcoat Urban by Corus was selected. When used in conjunction
with Confidex Sustain it provides the worlds first "cradle to cradle" Carbon Neutral building envelope. Standing seam steel clad roofing, whilst
not particularly common in housing in the United Kingdom, is widely used elsewhere in Europe and the USA and is similar in many ways to
traditional lead rolled roofing.
Micronal PCM and SmartBoard
Now that all new builds have to be highly insulated to meet the code for sustainable homes,
the energy cost for cooling these houses down is of great concern.
To overcome this issue, SmartBoard a Micronal phase change material modified plasterboard
has been used internally within the BASF house to help regulate the temperature. Incorporating
BASFs PCM materials into the design is a new way to reduce heat build up in properties
providing in this way an alternative solution to using air conditioning.

Solar Heat Management Microscopically small polymer spheres contain in their core a storage medium of waxes.
On heating and cooling, the wax in the reservoir capsules melts and solidifies, respectively. When
The low carbon Colorcoat Urban roof from Corus features a BASF Coil Coating infused with specially selected BASF pigments that have solar
the temperature rises, the phase changing materials absorb heat. When the temperature falls,
heat reflective properties which can contribute to reducing any local environmental heat island effect, a growing problem in urban areas particularly
they emit heat. During the phase change, the temperature remains constant. This stored heat
highlighted by the Greater London Authority.
which is concealed in the phase change is known as latent heat. It is a reversible process which
occurs within the melting range of the wax.
Traditional roofing materials absorb solar energy, generating heat that is transported by thermal conduction into the roof and by convection to the
surrounding air. Due to the reflective properties of the roof, the BASF House absorbs less solar energy so less heat is available to be released when
A building material modified with Micronal PCM is capable of providing an active temperature
the temperature drops, which can affect local micro-climates.
management. Typically, it keeps the air temperature in office spaces and living rooms almost
constant at the melting point level throughout the period of phase change. Nature, through its
The project at Nottingham is one of the first UK applications of a coated roof using heat management pigments on a single dwelling domestic
day to night temperature differential, ensures a cycle sequence of melt and solidify. Day-time
property. The system uses a new enhanced version of BASFs Coil Coating, PLASTICERAM. The new coating features superb UV durability and
peak temperatures are lessened, with low night-time temperatures used to dissipate heat from
corrosion protection as well as offering solar reflective capability. Using their in-house developed computer program, CoolSim, BASF calculates
the building through pervading the room with night-air, at no charge.
the best combination of pigments to add to a chosen paint colour to maximise solar reflection.

Once the room temperature rises to above melting temperature the microcapsules begin their
A terracotta colour has been used at the Creative Energy Homes Project site, in keeping with the traditional roofing tile used in the area. However,
work. Surplus heat is dissipated into the ceiling to be stored there. As a consequence, temperature peaks are cut off, thus ensuring a more
in response to the demand for a matt colour range suitable for the urban environment. BASF Coil Coatings and Corus have developed a range of
uniform room temperature. SmartBoard is available in the UK through Knauf at two switching temperatures of 230c and 260c. Smartboard 230c
different matt colours that open up new possibilities in urban building design and aesthetics.
was used in the ceiling of the south facing rooms in the BASF house.

With a U-Value of only 0.15, the low carbon environmental credentials of the roof are backed by Corus who can provide full traceability and
composition information for all elements of the material and system. Even when compared to using eco-concrete roof tiles, specifying a
Colourcoat Urban roof saved almost 2 tons of CO2. The roof is BS6920 approved, drinking water safe, contains 20% recycled content, is 100%
recyclable and has a 40 year BBA certificate.

Page 14 Page 15
DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:26 Page 16

Materials: Finishing Elements

The BASF product portfolio ranges from chemical, plastics, performance products, agricultural products and fine chemicals to crude oil and
natural gas. As a reliable partner to virtually all industries, BASFs intelligent system solutions and high-value products help its customers to be
more successful. BASF develops new technologies and uses them to open up additional market opportunities. It combines economic success
with environmental protection and social responsibility, thus contributing to a better future.

By working with these BASF divisions the design team has been able to specify a range of materials for the house which have
been responsibly sourced.

Plasterboard Futurepanel
The plasterboard for the house was supplied by Knauf. Their new Futurepanel was specified throughout the house because it is the industrys first
Carbon Neutral Plasterboard. The Knauf Futurepanel combines excellent sound and fire resistance with green credentials that are a positive
response to the governments Code for Sustainable Homes. Knauf Futurepanel is a premium plasterboard with a core made from at least 10%
recycled gypsum and the rest from the most sustainable sources available. The liners are made from 100% recycled paper. Knauf Futurepanel is a
10kg/m2 board and can be substituted for standard wallboard in partition and lining specifications, giving identical or better system performance.

Timber
The softwood timbers used in the house have been treated with Wolsit KD20, a wholly organic wood preservative from Dr Wolman GmbH.
Wolman has been at the forefront of development in industrial wood preservation since its creation by Dr Karl Heinrich Wolman more than a
century ago. The timber was treated by Harlow Brothers in the double-vacuum process. This process injects preservative into an envelope of
protection around each component and results in service lives of many decades by protecting against attack from xylophagous insects and fungi.

Stairs
Kloepping TSS were selected to provide the bespoke stairs, oak supporting beams and the balconies balustrades within the house.

Page 16 Page 17
DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:26 Page 18

External and Internal Doors Tiling

The house also includes thermally efficient, engineered timber, external doors manufactured by As part of the BASF group, PCI has provided the complete specification for all tiling and contract flooring requirements within the BASF House. Key
Manse Masterdor Ltd. and Leaderflush Shapland interior door frames, both of which use BASFs requirements in product selection were sustainability and affordability. As a result, affordable tiles were sourced locally from the Nottingham branch
PermaSkin coating system. PermaSkin is a new and unique system for finishing of three dimensional timber products using a weatherable, high of East Midlands Ceramics, natural stone was sourced from a local quarry and a local tiler & flooring contractor were used.
performance thermoplastic film. This cost effective system produces a long life, maintenance free finish in a single step and retains the original
appearance of the wood grain. PCI also supplied grouts and adhesives for the tiling for the ground floors downstairs toilet, kitchen and solar area. PCI Nanolight was used
extensively in the project because of its high yield and coverage.
Styles
Based on Luran S materials used in external applications for over 30 years, the polymer ASA used in Permaskin provides very high resistance to
weathering and discolouration.
Flooring
Prefabrication
Manse Masterdor door sets are prefabricated with a tailored fit made before arrival to site. BASF's technologies for flooring also extended into the upstairs bedroom carpets with a 100% BASF granulate Polyamide carpet being supplied by
Balta Industries. This was chosen because of its low maintenance and cleanability. The ground floor flooring was supplied by BASF's customers
Secured by Design Polyflor and entrance matting by Bonar Floors. All of which were fixed using PCI flooring adhesives and levellers and selected for their fast
Manse Masterdor Ltd. provides the largest range of Secured by Design door sets on the market, as well as the Masterdor double door. Masterdor installation, affordability and low maintenance costs.
exceeds PAS23/24 Bsi tests, meet the requirements of Part M of the building regulations, and fire check versions have also been successfully
tested to BS476 Part 22.

Airtight Kitchen
The Manse Masterdor door set consistently achieves the highest exposure category in testing, showing it is one of the most airtight door sets on
the market. Paula Rosa cabinets and worktops were selected for the kitchen. Paula Rosa is currently working towards ISO14001 accreditation.

Renewable Timber The kitchen cabinets are made from melamine faced chipboard with dowel and glue pressed construction in a Lean Manufacturing environment.
The Manse Masterdor is also engineered from renewable timber material, which utilises converted coppiced cropwood, specifically grown for this All the chipboard used carries FSC certification. This type of kitchen was selected because it makes use of timber and wood trimmings and waste
purpose in managed forests. All timber used in Masterdor construction conforms to L.A.21 sustainability requirements. not otherwise useable. The drawer system is guaranteed for life of the kitchen and is recyclable energy and water efficient kitchen appliances were
supplied by Beko.
Access for All
To consider the main recommendations of the DDA and requirements of the Approved Document M (2004 edition) and BS8300:2001
in relation to access systems, the Manse Masterdor door solutions where chosen to ensure access for disabled people.

Page 18 Page 19
DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:26 Page 20

Low to Zero Carbon (LZC) Technologies

To reduce carbon emissions and atmospheric pollution by encouraging local energy generation from renewable sources to supply a significant
proportion of the energy demand.

Heating and Cooling

Meeting the Code for Sustainable Homes level 6 relies upon the use of renewable technologies to produce energy to power, heat and cool
new build houses.

From the outset of the BASF house project it was recognised that a limited amount of renewable technologies would be incorporated into the
design. This approach has demonstrated that a typical 20 homes development, based upon the BASF design, can be built for 70,000. This
provides specifiers and housebuilders with a realistic airtight, thermal efficient building which exceeds code level 4 at an affordable build cost.

Ground-Air Heat Exchanger

One of BASFs key partners in the project is REHAU who are supplied their Awadukt Thermo ground-air heat exchanger system for controlled
ventilation. Fresh air is drawn through an underground network of pipes and is then either pre-heated in the winter or pre-cooled in the summer by
exploiting the energy stored in the ground.

REHAU has developed the first ground to air heat exchanger with an antimicrobial inner layer which, as well as saving both costs and energy, will
ensure a considerable improvement to the quality of air.

Biomass Boiler
The BASF House will be thermally efficient, using its passive house design to provide heat, but a biomass stove has been installed to ensure the
comfort of the occupants. This will also provide an additional hot water supply on winter days. This system will allow the University of Nottingham
to carry out research into this field.

The advantages of using locally grown biomass as feedstocks in domestic heating are very important. The BASF House will be using a boiler
which runs on renewable energy from the waste meal of rape seed. This will be added to the the boiler on a regular basis to provide top up heat
for the residents. The Baxi boiler can also run on a variety of different fuel sources allowing the houseowner to choose the most cost effective fuel
at the time. A suitable multi-heat flue was supplied and installed by Dunbrik Flues.

Solar Power
Solar power will provide up to 80% of the hot water using Hovals Solkit solar system with its revolutionary LowFlow technology.
This is a compact system for solar-powered DHW generation. It is combined with solar collectors which are suitable for all roof types or for wall
mounting. Available with either 250 or 470 litre DHW capacity.

Page 20 Page 21
DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:26 Page 22

Water Conservation and Rainwater Bio Diversity

Harvesting System
Hertels crew excavated the ground to the front left of the BASF plot to enable REHAU's Raurain Rainwater collection tank to be lowered into place.
The REHAU Raurain rainwater harvesting system will enable rainwater to be collected from the BASF House's roof, stored and pumped back into the
house to be used instead of drinking water for the machine washing of clothes, flushing of toilets, household cleaning and watering of the garden.
Used this way, rainwater not only saves valuable drinking water but cuts bills too.
BASF has led the way for a Bio Diverse strategy for the whole of the creative homes project. By teaming up with BASF's Sustainability Manager,
University of Nottingham and landscape designer Sarah Hawkins, measures have been put in place to encourage the promotion of Bio Diversity
within the grounds. These measures will be implemented during 2008. These will include solutions for composting, use of mulches, letting part of
the area go wild, selecting plants to conserve and harvest water, encourage wildlife, birds and beneficial insects to the gardens. Good planting
conditions are essential to establish plant growth. Planting is to take place in the spring. The concept of an allotment area has also been proposed
for the site.

A person living in the UK consumes on average 130 litres of potable (drinking quality) water each day. Of this 130 litres of water used over 50% is
used in applications where drinding water quality is not necessary:
Waste Management
With the introduction of the Pre-treatment of Non-Hazardous Waste Regulations 2007, it is now a legal requirement for all UK businesses to
demonstrate that they are segregating recyclable materials from their waste prior to landfill.

Household Waste Storage and Recycling Facilities

Veolia Environmental Services have been servicing the University of Nottingham for several years. During this time they have made significant
improvements to recycling activities at the University, introducing various different initiatives and campaigns to raise awareness at the University.
These facilities will be extended to those homes used within the Creative Homes Project. All houses have an adequate internal and external storage
space for household and recycling waste in accordance with the criteria set out in the Code for Sustainable Homes.

Construction Site Waste Management

A site waste management plan was produced and implemented for the BASF House site. Veolia Environmental Services were the appointed
licensed external contractor.

Minimising Construction Waste

Appropriate measures were put in place to sort, re-use and recycle construction waste.

ICF and SIPS materials were specified for the house because they promote resource effiency. By using these materials instead of traditional bricks
and blocks has significantly reduced the amount of waste generated on site.

Composting
Home composting facilities have been provided for in the garden of the house.

House Management
Home User Guide
To encourage the home owner/occupier to understand and operate their home efficiently and to make the best use of local facilities,
BASF have created a Home User Guide.

Considerate Constructors Scheme

Best practice site management principles were adopted on site. Many of the contractors used on site were certified under the Considerate
Constructors Scheme or other locally or nationally recognised schemes.

Putting safety first Hertel were selected to supply and manage the scaffolding and electrical programme for the BASF site project. Hertel combines
a large number of activities for its clients by capturing best practices, utilising resources better and driving improvements through multi-discipline
and multi-site contracts. At the BASF Seal Sands production plant, Hertel's full range of project, maintenance and support services have been
used because of the outstanding service which they provide. For this reason they have been used on the BASF House project.

Permeable Paving Construction Site Impacts

Water entry, infiltration speed and rainfall intensity, duration and frequency have had a great bearing upon the type of SUDS required for the house.
Aggregate Industries' Rainwater Harvesting System utilises both hard and soft surfaces for collecting and storing rainwater that would otherwise have
gone into the drainage system, into the ground or be lost to the atmosphere through evaporation. A variety of solutions are available from Aggregate
Industries and are being demonstrated around the house. These include a new permeable concrete solution from Bardon Concrete and BASF
Admixtures Division.
Site management procedures were put in place to monitor, report and set targets to mitigate environmental impact.
Selection of Suppliers and Partners
To balance the choice of materials, colour and composition of the house with the need to fulfil a challenging brief the selection of suppliers and
partners was fundamental to the success of the project. By being aware of new technologies and science available the BASF house has been built
using suppliers and partners who are experts and innovators in their field.

Page 22 Page 23
DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:26 Page 24

Energy Efficiency and Monitoring

The house will initially be occupied by University staff or students and carefully monitored, but it has been designed to function as a conventional
dwelling. This real life experiment will provide the University of Nottingham, BASF and industry with vital data on the advantages and disadvantages
of living in an airtight, highly insulated structure.

To meet the low budget remit, a completely different approach was

required from the more traditional systems, where cost of entry is
prohibitive.

The WebBrick system was chosen for its affordability, flexibility,

expandability and future integrity, and provides benefits that developers,
home owners, University research groups and other building system
manufacturers truly value as each extend their experimental research into
Eco-homes.

The WebBrick system currently oversees and controls the ventilation,

heating, lighting, security, and blinds. It can additionally interface with the
entertainment systems but in this particular house this was not
considered essential at the outset.

Smart meters have been installed to measure the use of resources in the
house, i.e. electricity and water, with the data being presented on a touch
screen panel mounted in the kitchen. This same touch screen also provides
a user interface with a menu of options for controlling the home. Similarly
home PCs, office PCs and many off the shelf internet gadgets like smart
phones, PDAs and internet phones can be used to securely control and
monitor the Eco-house from inside, or indeed anywhere in the world.

Elsewhere the house lighting system, which includes mains power battery
backup, maximises the use of low energy, low voltage LED
(light emitting diode) lighting technology.

Annual Heating Demand

55
50
45
40
35
30
kWh/m2

25
20
15
10
5
0
Standard Higher limit for BASF House
Building Regs PassivHaus (predicted)
Germany

Page 24 Page 25
DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:26 Page 26

Supplier and Partners

Key Partners:

Partner:

Key Supplier:

Harlow Bros Ltd

Supplier:

BASF Group Registered Trade Marks

BASF SE BASF Coatings AG
Neopor Plasticeram
Styropor
Elastogran GmbH
Styrodur C
Elastopor H
Permaskin
Luran S PCI Augsburg GmbH
Coolsim Pecidur
Micronal PCM Nanolight

Page 26 Image courtesy of Derek Trowell Architects Page 27

DBX478 Icf Brochure Q 14/2/08 11:26 Page 28

BASF plc
PO Box 4
Earl Road
Cheadle Hulme
Cheadle
Cheshire
SK8 6QG
Tel: 0161 485 5323
Fax: 0161 485 5487
www.house.basf.co.uk
www.energyefficiency.basf.com
www.basf.de/sustainability
www.luwoge.de
 LZ CARBON PROFILE
Profile: 014
June 2009
The BASF House
Level 4 Code for Sustainable Homes
CO2 emissions: At least 44% reduction over Part L2006
Developer: BASF
Architect: Derek Trowell Architects
Completed: January 2008
Location: University of Nottingham

The BASF house is part of the Creative Energy Homes

Project at the University of Nottingham showcasing
housing innovations and energy efficient design, and
providing facilities for testing of performance. The 2-
storey house has three bedrooms, a floor area of 116m2
and a distinctive highly-glazed South elevation.

The aim of this project was to comply with the Code for
Sustainable Homes using low energy principles from the
PassivHaus Standard. Overall, the BASF House was
completed within 25 weeks and is claimed to be
replicable for 70,000 on a 20 house development.

Low-carbon approach
Fabric The lower level has been built using an insulated
concrete formwork (ICF) system to provide a high
thermal mass. Neopor a grey expanded polystyrene
(EPS) with higher thermal insulation performance than
conventional white EPS is used for the ICF, which
incorporates a new low-carbon footprint concrete. To
provide additional thermal mass and passive air
cooling/heating, internal south-facing ceilings are
finished with a gypsum plasterboard containing
Micronal PCM, a phase change material. All wall
systems are highly air tight.

Heat and power The house incorporates several low to

zero carbon technologies and natural ventilation. Of note
is the groundair heat exchanger that uses the latent
heat of the earth to passively heat or cool the air
entering the house, solar thermal panels provide the
majority of hot water, while a biomass boiler burns
locally grown wood pellets to provide additional space
and water heating when required.
 LZ CARBON PROFILE: BASF House

Outline energy strategy

Low energy alignment with the Code for Sustainable
The design uses a high performance building Homes (Design Stage)
fabric on the North, East and West walls
combined with a glazed South wall to allow Energy Issue Credits awarded
solar heat gain. Together with micro-
generation, natural ventilation and low-impact ENE 1 Dwelling Emission Rate 8 of 15
heating technologies, it achieves significant 69% reduction in carbon emissions
reduction (>44%) in carbon emissions
compared to 2006 Part L Levels. ENE 2 Building Fabric 0 of 2

Envelope ENE 3 Internal Lighting 2 of 2

Walls U = 0.15 W/m K
2 100% of fixed fittings are dedicated and energy efficient
Ground floor ICF walls with 158mm
concrete core and grey EPS blocks. Additional ENE 4 Drying Space 1 of 1
grey EPS on both exterior and interior Hoistable clothes dryer with 12 metres of clothes line located in
First floor 150mm PU SIPS panels with sun space
25mm grey EPS on interior.
ENE 5 Energy Labelled White Goods 2 of 2
2
Roof U = 0.15 W/m K A++ rated fridge freezer, A rated washing machine and a rated
150mm PU SIPS system with additional 25mm dishwasher with leaflet on the EU Energy Labelling Scheme
grey EPS on interior. Outer metal coating
incorporates pigments that reduce IR ENE 6 External Lighting 2 of 2
absorption and urban island heat effect. Space and security lighting are dedicated and energy efficient

Glazing ENE 7 Low or Zero Carbon Technologies 0 of 2

South Elevation (Solar Space)
Internal double glazed curtain wall with low E ENE 8 Cycle Storage 2 of 2
2
glass: U = 1.7 W/m K Water-proofed lockable front store, of adequate size and
External single glazed curtain wall: readily accessible, with fixings set into the ground for security
2
U = 2.7 W/m K
North Elevation ENE 9 Home Office 1 of 1
Double glazed windows with low E glass, Bedrooms provided with desk, operable windows for ventilation
argon gas fill, aluminium spacer and uPVC and daylighting, power sockets, telephone sockets and wireless
2
frame: U = 1.66 W/m K for internet connectivity
3 2
Airtightness 3.38 m /m /hr at 50 Pa Total 18 credits*
Air-tight materials and wall systems with a
minimum of openings in the East/West walls. * out of a maximum of 29 credits for the Energy Category
Low impact heat and power
Ground Air Heat Exchanger Construction type

REHAUs Awadukt Thermo system uses the Foundation: Driven steel screw piles, topped with pile caps.
earths latent heat to provide summer cooling Ground Floor: Lightweight steel framework/concrete infill.
and winter heating of incoming air. Walls: Ground Floor ICF system with external render.
First Floor SIPS panel with metal cladding.
Natural Ventilation Roof: SIPS cassettes with metal cladding.
An automated natural ventilation system opens
windows to provide fresh air and cooling. Learning from the BASF House
Solar Thermal Array 7.2m
2 PassivHaus design can help minimise energy use by
Over 80% of hot water is created by Hovals maximising solar heat gain through a south-facing glass facade

Solkit flat plate solar thermal array. A 15kW and cooling through an automated natural ventilation system.
biomass boiler provides additional water
heating when required. Construction Methods The house demonstrates that two quite
different methods of construction (e.g. ICF system and SIPS) can
Contacts be utilised successfully on the same project to gain the
Design: Derek Trowell Architects sustainable benefits of each.
E contact: dtarch@globalnet.co.uk
Construction: BASF
E contact: Claire.farrar@basf.com
Acknowledgement
This LZ Carbon Profile has been prepared
for the Zero Carbon Hub by BRE
 E n ergy P erform ance C ertificate

6 G reen C lose
D w elling type:
D eta ch ed h ou se

N O TT IN G H A M
D ate of a ssessm e nt:
11 Jun e 2 008

N G 7 6Q B
D ate of certifica te:
12 Jun e 2 008

R efe re nce n um b er:

880 1 -439 4-982 0-119 6-068 3

To tal floor a re a:
116 m

Th is ho m e s p erform ance is rated in te rm s of th e e nergy u se per squ are m etre of floo r area, ene rgy efficien cy b ased

on fuel costs and en vironm ental im pact b ased o n carb on d io xide (C O

) em issions.

E nerg y E fficiency R ating

E nviro nm ental Im p act (C O
) R ating

C u rre n t P o te n tia l
C u rre n t P o te n tia l

V ery energy efficient - low er running costs

V ery environm entally friendly - low er C O

em issions

N ot energy efficient - higher running costs

N ot environm entally friendly - higher C O

em issions

E U D ire ctive
E U D ire ctive

E n g la n d & W a le s
20 0 2/9 1/E C
E n g la n d & W a le s
20 0 2/9 1 /E C

Th e e nergy e fficiency rating is a m ea su re of the

Th e e nviron m en tal im pa ct ra tin g is a m easure of a

overall e fficiency of a ho m e . T he hig he r the ra tin g

hom es im pact o n th e e nviron m e nt in te rm s of

the m ore ene rg y efficien t th e ho m e is an d th e low e r

ca rb on dio xide (C O
) em issions. T h e h igh er th e

the fuel bills are like ly to be.

ra tin g th e less im pact it ha s on the e nviro nm e nt.

E stim ate d e ne rg y use , carb o n d io xid e (C O

) em issio ns a nd fu e l costs o f th is ho m e

C urrent P otential

E ne rgy use 104 kW h/m per yea r 104 kW h/m per yea r

C arbo n dioxide e m issions 0.5 tonn es pe r ye ar 0.5 tonn es pe r ye ar

Lig hting 50 p er year 50 p er year

H eating 155 per yea r 155 per yea r

H ot w ater 44 p er year 44 p er year

B ased on stand ardise d a ssum ption s a bo ut o ccup ancy, he ating patterns an d ge og ra phical lo ca tio n, th e a bove table

provid es an ind ication of how m uch it w ill cost to pro vide lighting , he ating and ho t w a ter to this h om e. T h e fu el co sts

only take into accoun t the cost of fuel an d n ot a ny associa ted se rvice , m a in tena nce o r sa fety inspection. T his

ce rtifica te h as be en p rovid ed for co m p arative pu rp oses on ly an d e nab le s one hom e to be com p ared w ith an oth er.

A lw ays ch eck the date the certificate w as issue d, b ecau se fue l p rices ca n increase over tim e and ene rgy sa ving

re co m m end ations w ill evo lve.

R em e m b er to lo o k fo r th e en e rgy sa vin g re com m e n de d lo g o w h e n b u yin g e n erg y-efficien t

pro d ucts. Its a qu ick an d ea sy w a y to id e ntify the m ost e n e rgy -efficien t p ro d u cts o n th e m a rke t.

Fo r a dvice o n ho w to ta ke a ctio n a n d to fin d o u t a b ou t o ffe rs a va ilab le to he lp m ake yo ur h o m e

m o re e n erg y e fficien t, ca ll
0800 512 012
o r visit
w w w .energysavingtrust.org.uk/m yhom e

P ag e 1 o f 5
6 Green Close, NOTTINGHAM , NG7 6Q B
Energy Perform ance Certificate

12 June 2008 RRN: 8801-4394-9820-1196-0683

About this docum ent

The Energy Perform ance Certificate for this dwelling was produced following an energy assessm ent undertaken by a

qualified assessor, accredited by the NHER Accreditation Schem e, to a schem e authorised by the G overnm ent. This

certificate w as produced using the SAP 2005 assessm ent m ethodology and has been produced under the Energy

Perform ance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and W ales) Regulations 2007 as am ended. A copy

of the certificate has been lodged on a national register.

Assessors accreditation

NHER003540

num ber:

Assessors nam e: M r Don How ard

Com pany nam e/trading nam e: Energist U K Ltd

Energist H ouse, Kem ble Enterprise Park, Kem ble Airfield, G loucestershire, G L7

Address:

6BQ

Phone num ber: 08458 386 387

Fax num ber:

E-m ail address: fionab@ energistuk.co.uk

If you have a com plaint or wish to confirm that the certificate is genuine

Details of the assessor and the relevant accreditation schem e are as above. You can get contact details of the

accreditation schem e from their w ebsite at www.nher.co.uk together with details of their procedures for confirm ing

authenticity of a certificate and for m aking a com plaint.

About the buildings perform ance ratings

The ratings on the certificate provide a m easure of the buildings overall energy efficiency and its environm ental

im pact, calculated in accordance with a national m ethodology that takes into account factors such as insulation,

heating and hot w ater system s, ventilation and fuels used. The average Energy Efficiency Rating for a dwelling in

England and W ales is band E (rating 46).

Not all buildings are used in the sam e way, so energy ratings use standard occupancy assum ptions w hich m ay be

different from the specific way you use your hom e. D ifferent m ethods of calculation are used for hom es and for other

buildings. Details can be found at www.com m unities.gov.uk/epbd.

Buildings that are m ore energy efficient use less energy, save m oney and help protect the environm ent. A building with

a rating of 100 would cost alm ost nothing to heat and light and w ould cause alm ost no carbon em issions. The potential

ratings in the certificate describe how close this building could get to 100 if all the cost effective recom m ended

im provem ents were im plem ented.

About the im pact of buildings on the environm ent

One of the biggest contributors to global warm ing is carbon dioxide. The way we use energy in buildings causes

em issions of carbon. The energy we use for heating, lighting and power in hom es produces over a quarter of the UKs

carbon dioxide em issions and other buildings produce a further one-sixth.

The average household causes about 6 tonnes of carbon dioxide every year. Adopting the recom m endations in this

report can reduce em issions and protect the environm ent. You could reduce em issions even m ore by sw itching to

renew able energy sources. In addition there are m any sim ple everyday m easures that will save m oney, im prove

com fort and reduce the im pact on the environm ent. Som e exam ples are given at the end of this report.

Visit the Governm ents website at www.com m unities.gov.uk/epbd to:

Find out how to confirm the authenticity of an energy perform ance certificate

Find how to m ake a com plaint about a certificate or the assessor who produced it

Learn m ore about the national register where this certificate has been lodged

Learn m ore about energy efficiency and reducing energy consum ption

NHER Plan Assessor 4.0.28 (S AP 9.81)

Page 2 of 5
 Recom m ended m easures to im prove this hom es energy perform ance

6 G reen Close
Date of certificate:
12 June 2008

NO TTIN G HAM
Reference num ber:
8801-4394-9820-1196-0683

NG 7 6Q B

Sum m ary of this hom es energy perform ance related features

The following is an assessm ent of the key individual elem ents that have an im pact on this hom es perform ance rating.

Each elem ent is assessed against the following scale: C om pliant / Average / G ood / Very good.

Elem ent Description

Current perform ance

Energy E fficiency Environm ental

W alls Average therm al transm ittance 0.15 W /m K Very good Very good

Roof Average therm al transm ittance 0.15 W /m K Good Good

Floor Average therm al transm ittance 0.15 W /m K Very good Very good

W indows Fully double glazed Good Good

M ain heating Boiler and radiators, wood chips Good Very good

M ain heating controls Tim e and tem perature zone control Good Good

Secondary heating None - -

Hot w ater From m ain system Very good Very good

Lighting Low energy lighting in all fixed outlets Very good Very good

Air tightness Air perm eability 3.4 m /h.m (as tested) Good Good

Current energy efficiency rating B 87

Current environm ental im pact (CO

) rating

2
A 96

Therm al transm ittance is a m easure of the rate of heat loss through a building elem ent; the lower the value the better

the energy perform ance.

Air perm eability is a m easure of the air tightness of a building; the low er the value the better the air tightness.

Low and zero carbon energy sources

The following low or zero carbon energy sources are provided for this hom e:

Biom ass m ain heating

Solar water heating

Page 3 of 5
6 Green Close, NOTTINGHAM , NG7 6Q B
Recomm endations

12 June 2008 RRN: 8801-4394-9820-1196-0683

Recom m endations

None.

Further m easures to achieve even higher standards

The further m easures listed below should be considered in addition to those already specified if aim ing for the highest

possible standards for this hom e. How ever you should check the conditions in any covenants, planning conditions,

warranties or sale contracts.

1 S olar photovoltaic panels, 2.5 kW p

144 A 95 A 103

Enhanced energy efficiency rating A 95

Enhanced environm ental im pact (CO

)
rating

2
A 103

Im provem ents to the energy efficiency and environm ental im pact ratings will usually be in step with each other.

However, they can som etim es diverge because reduced energy costs are not always accom panied by a reduction in

carbon dioxide (CO

) em issions.

Page 4 of 5
6 Green Close, NOTTINGHAM , NG7 6Q B
Recomm endations

12 June 2008 RRN: 8801-4394-9820-1196-0683

About the cost effective m easures to im prove this hom es perform ance ratings

Not applicable.

About the further m easures to achieve even higher standards

Further m easures that could deliver even higher standards for this hom e. You should check the conditions in any

covenants, planning conditions, warranties or sale contracts before undertaking any of these m easures.

1 Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels

A solar PV system is one which converts light directly into electricity via panels placed on the roof with no waste and

no em issions. This electricity is used throughout the hom e in the sam e way as the electricity purchased from an

energy supplier. The British Photovoltic Association has up-to-date inform ation on local installers who are qualified

electricians and any grant that m ay be available. Planning restrictions m ay apply in certain neighbourhoods and you

should check this with the local authority. Building Regulations apply to this work, so your local authority building

control departm ent should be inform ed, unless the installer is appropriately qualified and registered as such with a

com petent persons schem e, and can therefore self-certify the work for Building Regulation com pliance.

W hat can I do today?

Actions that will save m oney and reduce the im pact of your hom e on the environm ent include:

Ensure that you understand the dwelling and how its energy system s are intended to work so as to obtain the

m axim um benefit in term s of reducing energy use and CO

2
em issions. The papers you are given by the builder

and the warranty provider will help you in this.

Check that your heating system therm ostat is not set too high (in a hom e, 21C in the living room is suggested)

and use the tim er to ensure you only heat the building when necessary.

M ake sure your hot water is not too hot - a cylinder therm ostat need not norm ally be higher than 60C.

Turn off lights when not needed and do not leave appliances on standby. Rem em ber not to leave chargers (e.g.

for m obile phones) turned on w hen you are not using them .

Close your curtains at night to reduce heat escaping through the w indows.

If youre not filling up the washing m achine, tum ble dryer or dishwasher, use the half-load or econom y program m e.

1
For inform ation on approved com petent persons schem es enter "existing com petent person schem es" into an

internet search engine or contact your local Energy Saving Trust advice centre on 0800 512 012.

Page 5 of 5
 Energy Efficiency and Monitoring
Monitoring will be carried out by the Institute of Energy & Sustainable Development at
De Montfort University. Assessment of the performance of the RACUS system in
Project Reference
DECC meeting room 3.02 will be made by concurrent monitoring of this room and
room 4.02 with a conventional ceiling. Energy monitoring will be achieved by analysis of
the Fan Coil Unit air-side conditions and fan operation in both rooms 3.02 and 4.02.

Both rooms would be monitored in an equivalent manner in terms of fan operation,

power and air supply/return temperature and humidity.

Ceiling surface temperatures and air temperatures would be monitored in both rooms
using wired RTD or thermocouple sensors and miniature data loggers. In room 3.02
Reducing CO2
additional surface temperatures sensors would be used to closely monitor the state of the
ceiling tiles. The operation of the ceiling, and general thermal conditions in room 3.02,
would be monitored by means of time lapse infra-red thermography. The equipment for
in Buildings
this element of the monitoring exercise would consist of a fixed camera mounted near the
ceiling in room 3.02 and a computer interface in the adjacent break out area.
Energy Efficient Whitehall
Following an initial survey of rooms 3.02 and 4.02 baseline conditions would be
established by taking a series of commissioning measurements including fan coil unit
airflow and power data. Some instrumentation will be installed prior to ceiling
installation. Some sensors will be fixed into existing tiles and some provided for
installation in/on the RACUS tiles.
Source: Datum Phase Change Ltd
Computer energy simulations of the room would be developed further to include an
analysis of central plant operation and control. This requires additional HVAC and control
system information be collected from surveys, documentation and operating staff as well
as other contractors. This will enable optimal operating strategies to be identified.

Commissioning of the room with the RACUS system is an important stage of the
project. This will require intensive monitoring and onsite analysis of the room data.
Revised HVAC system operation and control system settings will be established. System operation will be evaluated during an initial period
of normal room operation and further refinements to HVAC system control may be suggested. Liaison with the building control system
supervisors and engineers and any parties working on the central plant and Fan coil unit system will be important.

The final report will provide an analysis of room operating conditions, thermal comfort and room energy demands during the initial monitoring period.

Source: Images provided by Datum Phase Change Ltd

Project:
3 Whitehall Place,
London
Governments Carbon Carbon Budgets: the challenge to reduce UK emissions
Client:
Reduction Targets at 650
21% reduction (~170 Mt CO2e)1990 Department of Energy &
million tonnes carbondioxide equivalent (MtCO2e)

emmissions levels already achieved Projected trajectory to meet

a glance (and exceed) a 34% reduction Climate Change
The Climate Change Act 2008 600 (~280Mt CO 2e) on 1990 emissions
levels, including Government
legislated for a reduction in our carbon policies (pre-July 2009)
Scope of Project:
emissions, compared to 1990, of 34% Installation and
550
by 2020 and on our way to 80% by performance monitoring
2050. It set legally-binding carbon
of ceiling tiles containing
budgets for our country for the next 500
12 years across all sectors of the UK phase change material
economy - including our homes and BUDGET 1 BUDGET 2 BUDGET 2
Projected Carbon
communities, and our workplaces. 450 (2008-2012) (2013-2017) (2018-2022)
3018 Mt CO2e 2782 Mt CO2e 2544 Mt CO2e Saving:
Source: The Green Deal a summary of 256,025kg of CO2 per
the governments proposals 400 annum
2008 2013 2018

BASF plc About BASF

PO Box 4, Earl Road BASF is the worlds leading chemical company: The Chemical
Cheadle Hulme, Cheadle Company. Its portfolio ranges from chemicals, plastics and
Cheshire SK8 6QG performance products to agricultural products, fine
www.basf.co.uk chemicals and oil and gas. As a reliable partner BASF creates
www.house.basf.co.uk chemistry to help its customers in virtually all industries to be
www.energyefficiency.basf.com more successful. With its high value products and intelligent
solutions, BASF plays an important role in finding answers to
global challenges such as climate protection, energy efficiency,
nutrition and mobility. BASF posted sales of more than
50 billion in 2009 and had approximately 105,000 employees
as of the end of the year. Further information on BASF is
available on the Internet at www.basf.com.
 How phase changing materials work
Project Description
Some 18% of the UKs CO2 emissions come from public and commercial buildings. Heat storage

Mandatory Display Energy Certificates (DECs) were introduced in 2008 for public
buildings. They have highlighted the need for Government to improve the energy efficiency
of all its offices whilst also meeting the challenge of using the buildings more intensely.

Because of their age and the high profile nature of the buildings in Whitehall, they were
generally thought to be more difficult to make energy efficient. In spite of this, many opportunities can be identified. Environmental Phase changing material Managed temperature
temperature rises becomes liquid remains constant
The challenge however is to demonstrate those solutions that can reduce the demand for energy, that can be widely introduced and that
enable the greatest reduction in CO2 emissions per pound spent.
Heat release
The Technology Strategy Board has launched a 2.75m initiative seeking solutions to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in
Whitehall. The initiative aims to demonstrate how innovative retrofit solutions can reduce demand for energy and cut carbon dioxide
emissions at existing government office buildings, whilst providing market opportunities for UK companies.

Source: Energy Efficient Whitehall: Strategic Brief

Environmental Phase changing material Managed temperature
temperature falls becomes solid remains constant

Department for Energy and Climate Heat Management

Change (DECC)
Located at 3 Whitehall Place, DECC is responsible for all
aspects of UK energy policy, and for tackling global
climate change on behalf of the UK. Built in the 1950s,
3 Whitehall Place has undergone a number of changes
throughout the years and, apart from its facade and listed
status, it is now more typical of a modern government or
commercial office.
Two meeting rooms in the DECC building were identified
for the application of energy efficient retrofit solutions.
These meeting rooms, on the 3rd and 4th floor adjacent
to the atrium, are identical in layout and are intended for
eight occupants.
An innovative new suspended ceiling tile system (RACUS) which incorporates
BASFs Micronal PCM phase change material was installed in two of the DECC
meeting rooms (3.02 / 4.02).
RACUS, which stands for Reducing Air Conditioning Units & Systems, are passive
systems incorporating phase change materials that are designed to reduce the
energy use and carbon footprint of a building by reducing the heating and cooling
demand of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems.
Solutions incorporating BASF phase change material have been actively
contributing to heat management in a number of UK projects. Notably the BASF
house at the University of Nottingham and the BRE Victorian Terrace, where
appropriately improved insulation levels, combined with phase change materials
have provided a simple, cost effective means of increasing comfort and drastically
reducing heating and cooling demands.
Advantages of Micronal PCM:
Optimum indoor climate and consistent temperatures throughout the year
Work and live in a comfortable and healthy temperature zone, that is between 21C and 26C
A bonus for health: quiet air conditioning without the occurrence of drafts and transference of noise
Greater energy efficiency through better energy management. Avoidance of excessive energy consumption and better use of sustainable
sources of heat and cold
Your contribution to CO2 reduction and protection of the environment and climate
Highly flexible configuration and the simplest processing with respect to conventional building materials - with new distinctive functionality!
Cost efficiency: no operating and maintenance costs, independent function
More thermal mass in the same space, that is more useful surface for a given area
Formaldehyde-free

The RACUS ceiling tile system was developed by Datum Phase Change Limited,
a company that specialises in the practical application of phase change material.
By incorporating BASFs Micronal PCM into a ceiling tile, Datum has developed an
Hi Tech Microcapsules Phase Change inside the Capsule PCM cleverly packed
innovative and versatile solution for the refurbishment and new build markets.

Micronal PCM is made of polymer capsules containing a special wax mixture Polymer Wax
which stores latent heat. When the temperature rises over a defined temperature
threshold of 23C, the wax
melts and the phase change solid liquid solid

material absorbs heat. When

TEMPERATURE
MELTING/SOLIDIFICATION
the temperature drops, the ENERGY ABSORPTION/ENERGY RELEASE
wax solidifies, and heat is
emitted. Through intelligent
temperature management, 5 m
Micronal PCM contributes Tm:21/23/26 C COOL HOT COOL
to an improved indoor SURROUNDINGS
climate, more comfortable
working conditions and
better energy efficiency.

Data Modelling
The operation of the DECC meeting rooms 3.02/4.02 were analysed with and without the RACUS ceiling tile system by the institute of
BASF SE as supplier of Micronal
Energy and Sustainable Development at De Montfort University. Computer energy simulations show that where the phase change ceiling tiles
PCM - we have an excellent overview
are installed, room surface temperatures are stable and thermal comfort may be improved. Room sensible cooling loads are generally
of the PCM market and its applications
reduced, particularly in the early periods of the day. Source: Energy Efficient Whitehall: Simulation of Phase Change Ceiling Performance
worldwide. RACUS is one of the most
promising solutions with great potential
for refurbishment and new
construction. It is a brilliant tool for
Annual cooling energy for meeting rooms Annual carbon emissions for meeting
planners to optimise or even avoid the need for air conditioning and it 3.02 and 4.02 rooms 3.02 and 4.02
has the ability to significantly reduce CO2 emissions in commercial
offices and retail buildings as well as in residential and domestic Room 4.02 - Conventional system = 1588.5 kWh per year Room 4.02 - Conventional system = 853kgCO2 per year
markets. We fully support this clever solution. Room 3.02 - RACUS ceiling tile = 720.5 kWh per year Room 3.02 - RACUS ceiling tile = 387kgCO2 per year
Energy Savings = 868 kWh per year Energy Savings = 466 kgCO2 per year
Marco Schmidt, Head of Business Management Percentage Savings of CO2/year = 55%
Micronal PCM, BASF
Source: Datum Phase Change Ltd
 Energy Efficiency and Monitoring
Monitoring will be carried out by the Institute of Energy & Sustainable Development at
De Montfort University. Assessment of the performance of the RACUS system in
Project Reference
DECC meeting room 3.02 will be made by concurrent monitoring of this room and
room 4.02 with a conventional ceiling. Energy monitoring will be achieved by analysis of
the Fan Coil Unit air-side conditions and fan operation in both rooms 3.02 and 4.02.

Both rooms would be monitored in an equivalent manner in terms of fan operation,

power and air supply/return temperature and humidity.

Ceiling surface temperatures and air temperatures would be monitored in both rooms
using wired RTD or thermocouple sensors and miniature data loggers. In room 3.02
Reducing CO2
additional surface temperatures sensors would be used to closely monitor the state of the
ceiling tiles. The operation of the ceiling, and general thermal conditions in room 3.02,
would be monitored by means of time lapse infra-red thermography. The equipment for
in Buildings
this element of the monitoring exercise would consist of a fixed camera mounted near the
ceiling in room 3.02 and a computer interface in the adjacent break out area.
Energy Efficient Whitehall
Following an initial survey of rooms 3.02 and 4.02 baseline conditions would be
established by taking a series of commissioning measurements including fan coil unit
airflow and power data. Some instrumentation will be installed prior to ceiling
installation. Some sensors will be fixed into existing tiles and some provided for
installation in/on the RACUS tiles.
Source: Datum Phase Change Ltd
Computer energy simulations of the room would be developed further to include an
analysis of central plant operation and control. This requires additional HVAC and control
system information be collected from surveys, documentation and operating staff as well
as other contractors. This will enable optimal operating strategies to be identified.

Commissioning of the room with the RACUS system is an important stage of the
project. This will require intensive monitoring and onsite analysis of the room data.
Revised HVAC system operation and control system settings will be established. System operation will be evaluated during an initial period
of normal room operation and further refinements to HVAC system control may be suggested. Liaison with the building control system
supervisors and engineers and any parties working on the central plant and Fan coil unit system will be important.

The final report will provide an analysis of room operating conditions, thermal comfort and room energy demands during the initial monitoring period.

Source: Images provided by Datum Phase Change Ltd

Project:
3 Whitehall Place,
London
Governments Carbon Carbon Budgets: the challenge to reduce UK emissions
Client:
Reduction Targets at 650
21% reduction (~170 Mt CO2e)1990 Department of Energy &
million tonnes carbondioxide equivalent (MtCO2e)

emmissions levels already achieved Projected trajectory to meet

a glance (and exceed) a 34% reduction Climate Change
The Climate Change Act 2008 600 (~280Mt CO 2e) on 1990 emissions
levels, including Government
legislated for a reduction in our carbon policies (pre-July 2009)
Scope of Project:
emissions, compared to 1990, of 34% Installation and
550
by 2020 and on our way to 80% by performance monitoring
2050. It set legally-binding carbon
of ceiling tiles containing
budgets for our country for the next 500
12 years across all sectors of the UK phase change material
economy - including our homes and BUDGET 1 BUDGET 2 BUDGET 2
Projected Carbon
communities, and our workplaces. 450 (2008-2012) (2013-2017) (2018-2022)
3018 Mt CO2e 2782 Mt CO2e 2544 Mt CO2e Saving:
Source: The Green Deal a summary of 256,025kg of CO2 per
the governments proposals 400 annum
2008 2013 2018

BASF plc About BASF

PO Box 4, Earl Road BASF is the worlds leading chemical company: The Chemical
Cheadle Hulme, Cheadle Company. Its portfolio ranges from chemicals, plastics and
Cheshire SK8 6QG performance products to agricultural products, fine
www.basf.co.uk chemicals and oil and gas. As a reliable partner BASF creates
www.house.basf.co.uk chemistry to help its customers in virtually all industries to be
www.energyefficiency.basf.com more successful. With its high value products and intelligent
solutions, BASF plays an important role in finding answers to
global challenges such as climate protection, energy efficiency,
nutrition and mobility. BASF posted sales of more than
50 billion in 2009 and had approximately 105,000 employees
as of the end of the year. Further information on BASF is
available on the Internet at www.basf.com.
Make good our Existing Carbon Budgets: the challenge to reduce UK emissions
650
Buildings 21% reduction (~170 Mt CO2e)1990

million tonnes carbondioxide equivalent (MtCO2e)

Existing homes alone account for 99% of all the
UKs stock. 67.9% of homes in England are
owner occupied. Improving what we have,
600
emmissions levels alreadyachieved Projected trajectory to meet
(and exceed) a 34% reduction
(~280Mt CO2e) on 1990 emissions
levels, including Government
policies (pre-July 2009)
Project Reference
rather than demolishing and rebuilding, is the 550
most cost effective way to meet our carbon
targets. The energy saving trust estimates that
13,000 homes need to be refurbished every 500

week for the UK to meet its carbon reduction BUDGET 1 BUDGET 2 BUDGET 2
commitments. 450 (2008-2012) (2013-2017) (2018-2022)
So far the scale 3018 Mt CO2e 2782 Mt CO2e 2544 Mt CO2e

and pace of
refurbishment 400

has been well 2008 2013 2018

below the Source: The Green Deal a summary of the government proposals
required level. Source: The National Refurbishment Centre

Figure 3.9 Cavity wall insulation cumulative installations (2008-2015)

Energy Efficient Retrofit
The BRE Innovation and Refurbishment
Park at a glance 9 Trajectory as set out
by the CCC
8 Actual Cavity wall
7 Trajectory 2009 uptake Source: Peter White, BRE
rate continued to 2015
6

5
Million

2
The BRE Innovation Park is a world 1
HEMS ambition
Project:
leading and ground breaking
0 The Victorian Terrace,
demonstration development, designed 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
to give a glimpse of how the future BRE Innovation Park,
Source: Climate Change Committee Meeting Carbon Budget - ensuring a low-carbon recovery
delivery of sustainable buildings and Watford
communities can be achieved. The BRE
Innovation Park was designed to Client:
provide an educational resource for Figure 3.10 Solid wall cumulative installations (2008-2022)
BRE
industry professionals who want to see
and learn about new and innovative
approaches to creating sustainable
2.5 Trajectory as set out
by the CCC
Scope of Project:
buildings and communities. The Actual Solid wall Transformation of a
buildings have been designed by some 2.0 Trajectory 2009 uptake
rate continued to 2022
disused Victorian stable
of the UKs leading manufacturers, block into three energy
architects and engineers. They 1.5
efficient terraced homes
Million

showcase the latest modern methods of

construction and over 400 innovative fit for 21st century living
1.0
products and emerging technologies.
0.5
Carbon Target:
Upgraded energy
0.0
performance rating from
2011

2021
2008

2009

2010

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2022

band F to band A/B

Source: www.bre.co.uk
Source: Climate Change Committee Meeting Carbon Budget - ensuring a low-carbon recovery
Year of Completion:
Phase 1 - 2010
BASF plc About BASF
PO Box 4, Earl Road BASF is the worlds leading chemical company: The Chemical
Cheadle Hulme, Cheadle Company. Its portfolio ranges from chemicals, plastics and
Cheshire SK8 6QG performance products to agricultural products, fine
www.basf.co.uk chemicals and oil and gas. As a reliable partner BASF creates
www.house.basf.co.uk chemistry to help its customers in virtually all industries to be
www.energyefficiency.basf.com more successful. With its high-value products and intelligent
solutions, BASF plays an important role in finding answers to
global challenges such as climate protection, energy efficiency,
nutrition and mobility. BASF posted sales of more than
50 billion in 2009 and had approximately 105,000 employees
as of the end of the year. Further information on BASF is
available on the Internet at www.basf.com.
Project Description Ground Floorplan Prime Minister, David
Cameron (right) and
Innovative methods of construction and the right construction materials play a major role in cutting carbon emissions during the construction and BRE Chief Executive
occupancy of buildings and the disposal or reuse of construction materials. Buildings that are more energy efficient use less energy and help Dr Peter Bonfield
protect the environment. BASF offers to the construction industry one of the broadest portfolios of raw materials, formulations and systems for touring the project site.
energy efficient and sustainable construction. BASF has been working with customers and designers across the world to demonstrate how energy Following the tour, The
efficiency in buildings can be achieved. Prime Minister said:
Looking at the houses
BASF, as a partner of the BRE, has renovated a ground floor area in the Victorian Terrace to demonstrate how the right thermal insulation and the here today, it is clear
use of modern building materials can provide affordable and low carbon solutions for buildings. An overall treatment, which includes Phase that peoples energy
Change climate control as well as floor waterproofing and insulation, internal wall insulation and external renders, showcases the many different bills can come down if
homes are properly
insulation options available to industry. insulated and properly
built.

Internal & External Insulation Solutions Source: Peter White, BRE

The UKs housing stock releases 150 million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year, with older Floorplan Source: PRP architects

buildings contributing disproportionately. Over a third of the energy required to heat a property

escapes through external walls, Old solid-wall, hard to treat buildings such as the Victorian Terrace Micronal PCM
are most affected. Through participation in this project, BASF have demonstrated innovative
products and solutions that tackle a number of the issues facing the refurbishment market.
Heck MultiTherm External Insulation System Highly insulated buildings in the future will become prone to
& Neopor Insulation overheating, particularly lightweight structures. Phase change
materials (PCMs) can significantly reduce this effect because
Insulated render systems not only improve a they provide thermal mass to absorb and store this heat. The
Elastopor & Elastopir propertys insulation values, but also help to RACUS suspended ceiling tile system, incorporating BASFs
One of the walls of the presentation room was internally lined reduce heating bills and carbon emissions. Micronal PCM phase change material, was installed in the
with rigid polyurethane insulation. Magnesium oxide boards were Three of the external walls of the ground floor presentation room. Micronal PCM is made of
adhered to an 80mm Polyisocyanurate (PIR) insulation board presentation room were insulated with an polymer capsules containing a special wax mixture which stores
consisting of a foam core with two low emissivity facers. This External Thermal Insulation Composite
latent heat. When the temperature rises over a defined
achieved a U-value of 0.22W/m2K. System (ETICS) consisting of 150mm thick
insulation boards made of BASFs Neopor temperature threshold of 23C, the wax melts and the phase
Polyurethane rigid foam is a fast and efficient method of internal expandable polystyrene (EPS) and the change material absorbs heat. When the temperature drops,
insulation. BASF is one the leading suppliers of polyurethane solutions for systems, Heck external render system. Neopor the wax solidifies, and heat is emitted. Through intelligent
specialties and PU basic products. Polyurethane is extremely durable and insulates at the Insulation boards were fixed to the outside of the building and covered with temperature management,
same high level over the life of the building, enabling excellent long term energy savings. an alkali resistant reinforcing mesh, scrim adhesive and a final decorative Micronal PCM contributes
For every ton of carbon generated during its production, polyurethane insulation saves finish. This layered method reduces heat loss and prevents water ingress. to an improved indoor
233 tons in its lifetime. climate, more comfortable
living conditions and better
energy efficiency.
Thoroseal Super, Styrodur C, &
WALLTITE PCI Novoment

WALLTITE spray foam insulation from BASF Polyurethanes UK, was spray applied to Uninsulated floors can produce as much as 15% of heat loss from a building.
the south wall of the presentation room. The wall was very unstable so a number of Waterproofing is essential for buildings of this age, so the floor was made fully
structural repairs had to take place before all the existing plaster was removed. watertight using BASFs Thoroseal Super, which was also lapped up the walls
WALLTITE was then sprayed directly onto the rough, bare brick substrate to a to form a damp proof course. Styrodur C, a BASF insulation board, fully
thickness of 100mm without the need for primer or levelling coat. The strength of bonded and joined together using PCI Pecitape WS - waterproofing self
WALLTITE helped to consolidate this very unsound surface. WALLTITE is a closed cell adhesive tape which was chosen to ensure that the floor exceeded the thermal
foam. Its structure helps to control the movement of vapour and moisture throughout requirements of this project. In order for the total floor to be finished in one
the building, reducing the risk of mould and condensation. At a thickness of 100mm, weekend ready for follow on trades, the substrate was finished with BASFs PCI
WALLTITE achieved a u-value of 0.25W/m2k. Novoment Z3, a fast track screeding solution with rapid cure capabilities.

BASF insulated flooring

system has provided
significant energy savings.
The result is an overall floor
U-value considerably less
than the target of
0.22 W/m2K stipulated in
the proposed improvements
to the new Part L of the
Building Regulations.
Source: PRP architects
Source: Peter White, BRE

Project Timeline www.rethinkingrefurbishment.com

1950 June 2006 January 2010 Q1 2010 Q1 2010 Q2 2010 Q2 2010

Originally built as a stable block BRE secures support from the DECC funding secured and Compressible polystyrene BASF spray foam insulation BASF phase change backed Official opening of the
in 1855. The Victorian terrace Prince of Wales foundation for work begins insulation and BASF graphite on presentation room wall ceiling tiles provide summer completed Phase 1 renovation
undergoes repairs in the 1950s the Built Environment rich EPS insulation inserted providing maximum insulation cooling for ground floor of the BRE Victorian Terrace
between rafters with minimal depth presentation room.
Make good our Existing Carbon Budgets: the challenge to reduce UK emissions
650
Buildings 21% reduction (~170 Mt CO2e)1990

million tonnes carbondioxide equivalent (MtCO2e)

Existing homes alone account for 99% of all the
UKs stock. 67.9% of homes in England are
owner occupied. Improving what we have,
600
emmissions levels alreadyachieved Projected trajectory to meet
(and exceed) a 34% reduction
(~280Mt CO2e) on 1990 emissions
levels, including Government
policies (pre-July 2009)
Project Reference
rather than demolishing and rebuilding, is the 550
most cost effective way to meet our carbon
targets. The energy saving trust estimates that
13,000 homes need to be refurbished every 500

week for the UK to meet its carbon reduction BUDGET 1 BUDGET 2 BUDGET 2
commitments. 450 (2008-2012) (2013-2017) (2018-2022)
So far the scale 3018 Mt CO2e 2782 Mt CO2e 2544 Mt CO2e

and pace of
refurbishment 400

has been well 2008 2013 2018

below the Source: The Green Deal a summary of the government proposals
required level. Source: The National Refurbishment Centre

Figure 3.9 Cavity wall insulation cumulative installations (2008-2015)

Energy Efficient Retrofit
The BRE Innovation and Refurbishment
Park at a glance 9 Trajectory as set out
by the CCC
8 Actual Cavity wall
7 Trajectory 2009 uptake Source: Peter White, BRE
rate continued to 2015
6

5
Million

2
The BRE Innovation Park is a world 1
HEMS ambition
Project:
leading and ground breaking
0 The Victorian Terrace,
demonstration development, designed 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
to give a glimpse of how the future BRE Innovation Park,
Source: Climate Change Committee Meeting Carbon Budget - ensuring a low-carbon recovery
delivery of sustainable buildings and Watford
communities can be achieved. The BRE
Innovation Park was designed to Client:
provide an educational resource for Figure 3.10 Solid wall cumulative installations (2008-2022)
BRE
industry professionals who want to see
and learn about new and innovative
approaches to creating sustainable
2.5 Trajectory as set out
by the CCC
Scope of Project:
buildings and communities. The Actual Solid wall Transformation of a
buildings have been designed by some 2.0 Trajectory 2009 uptake
rate continued to 2022
disused Victorian stable
of the UKs leading manufacturers, block into three energy
architects and engineers. They 1.5
efficient terraced homes
Million

showcase the latest modern methods of

construction and over 400 innovative fit for 21st century living
1.0
products and emerging technologies.
0.5
Carbon Target:
Upgraded energy
0.0
performance rating from
2011

2021
2008

2009

2010

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2022

band F to band A/B

Source: www.bre.co.uk
Source: Climate Change Committee Meeting Carbon Budget - ensuring a low-carbon recovery
Year of Completion:
Phase 1 - 2010
BASF plc About BASF
PO Box 4, Earl Road BASF is the worlds leading chemical company: The Chemical
Cheadle Hulme, Cheadle Company. Its portfolio ranges from chemicals, plastics and
Cheshire SK8 6QG performance products to agricultural products, fine
www.basf.co.uk chemicals and oil and gas. As a reliable partner BASF creates
www.house.basf.co.uk chemistry to help its customers in virtually all industries to be
www.energyefficiency.basf.com more successful. With its high-value products and intelligent
solutions, BASF plays an important role in finding answers to
global challenges such as climate protection, energy efficiency,
nutrition and mobility. BASF posted sales of more than
50 billion in 2009 and had approximately 105,000 employees
as of the end of the year. Further information on BASF is
available on the Internet at www.basf.com.
 Use of Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials

in Office Blocks
Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. N. Fisch, Dr.-Ing. L. Khl
Institut fr Gebude- und Solartechnik (IGS)
TU Braunschweig, Mhlenpfordtstrae. 23, D-38106 Braunschweig
Tel. 0049 531 / 391 3555, Fax 0049 531 / 391 8125, Mail igs@ tu-bs.de, www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de

In the framework of a retrofitting of an Office Building in Berlin microencapsulated phase change mate-
rial (PCM) has been used as an addition material for the indoor plaster brought up onto the ceiling. To
indicate the effect of the PCM-material on the development of the indoor temperature two comparable
rooms in different floors were monitored. While the ceiling of one room was equipped with the PCM-
material the ceiling of the other room was plastered with conventional plaster.

1. Phase Change Materials quality and fields of application

In the technical use of Phase Change Materials the heat or cold energy which has to be supplied to
change the aggregate mode of the material is used for the storage of thermal energy in buildings. In-
expensive eutectic salt compounds are suited for an use in temperature ranges below 0C (see Figure
1). Gas hydrates with gases dissolved in water under pressure are suited for the use in temperature
ranges between 0C and 20C and are in development. Salt hydrates and paraffins can be used in
much wider temperature ranges and are suited for the application in buildings with typical operation
temperatures between 22 and 26C. Figure 1 shows typical ranges of melt enthalpies of different
PCM-materials in comparison.

Salts and their

500 eutectic compounds
Gas hydrates
Melt enthalpy [kJ/l]

400 Water Salt hydrates

and their Sugar
300 compounds alcohols
Salt-water
eutectica
200
Paraffins
100

-100 0 100 200

Melt temperature [C]
Figure 1 Typical volume specific melt enthalpies and related temperature ranges of different mate-
rials for the storage of latent heat / [BINE 2002a]

Paraffins are easy to handle and have comparable energy densities like salt hydrates but show an
more inert thermal reaction.
Beside the storage of solar heat, the cooling of transport boxes, the integration in clothing or the use of
waste heat the heating and cooling of buildings is an important area of application for PCM-materials.
A comparison of the resulting thickness of different structural components with the same thermal ca-
pacity is shown in Figure 2.

Climate Concrete Gypsum plaster/ Lightweight

plaster plate brick

3,0 cm 8,1 cm 13,4 cm 28,8 cm

Figure 2 Comparison of equivalent thermal mass of different structural components / [Hill]

PCM is suited to enlarge the thermal capacity of buildings and can contribute to an improvement of the
thermal behaviour of rooms in buildings with a reduced thermal mass. Especially in Office Buildings
with high solar and internal gains PCM can be an interesting alternative to the cost intensive integra-
tion of active cooling components like cooling panels. In buildings with a reduced thermal capacity of
structural indoor components the integration of PCM can lead to a damping of the indoor temperature
amplitudes and to an improvement of the thermal comfort especially in summer.

The main forms of implementation of PCM in buildings are the use of macro encapsulated PCM pack-
aged in bags or boxes in combination with suspended ceilings (see [Strieder], [BINE 2002a and b]) or
as microencapsulated PCM as addition component in plaster material for wall coating (see [[BINE
2002a and b], [Hill], [Schossig et al.], [Henning]).

The IGS of the TU Braunschweig carried out laboratory tests with macro encapsulated PCM for the
determination of the transferable power in the charge and discharge case and a praxis test with micro-
encapsulated PCM for the examination of the effect of the PCM on the thermal behaviour of rooms in
Office Buildings.

2. Monitoring in a retrofitted Office Building

The existing building ehemalige Fabrik is located in Berlin, Gotzkowskystr. 21 at the bank of the
Spree (see Figure 3). The building was built in 1921 and retrofitted in 2003/2004. It is now used as an
office building with additional living zones. The office building consists of 7 floors and a basement sto-
rey. The cold supply is organized by capillary tube mats which are installed on the ceiling and are cov-
ered with plaster (see Figure 4). The ceilings up to the 4th floor are covered with conventional gypsum
plaster while the ceilings in the 5th and 6th floor are equipped with climate plaster as combination of
conventional plaster and microencapsulated PCM. The cold for the supply of the capillary tube mats is
delivered by a conventional refrigerant compressor unit with air cooling chillers on the roof of the build-
ing.
 Figure 3 Spree sight of the Office Building, Gotz- Figure 4 Climate plaster
kowskystr., Berlin on capillary tube
mat

The plaster is applied with a total thickness of about 4 cm and a resulting area weight of 40 kg/m. To
identify the influence of the climate plaster on the thermal behaviour of the rooms two test rooms
(see Figure 5), one in the 3rd floor with conventional plaster and one in the 5th floor with climate plas-
ter were monitored. Both rooms were equipped with capillary tube mats. The measurements were
carried out in two comparable, west orientated rooms with view to the Spree. The area of the test-
rooms was 45 m and with the net height of 3,2 m the resulting air volume was 144 m.

Test rooms with measuring installation 22x1,2

18x1

18x1

22x1,2

mittig un ter T r
2 W D 30/15 OKRB
ber Tr 22x1,2 DN25
WD 30/15 -0.10 UKD UKD
Ins talla tionsraum

R90 Rohrschotts
im Fuboden
35x1,5 Ansch ludetail UKG
siehe Strangschema
Zeichnungsnr.:
Verzug 54x1,5 2030/5/413/0
UKD
R90 Roh rschotts
1 8x1 22x1,2 28x1,2 28x1,2 22x1,2 18x1 28x1,2 22x1,2 AB=60 m/h 18x1 im Fuboden
4 2x1,5 D D 80/3 0
1x LVA 100
Schacht 4 - 5.OG Tellerventil Elektrotrasse Elektrotrasse
28x1,2 Elektrotrasse Leitungen im Inst.raum Silentb ox-
beachten! beachten! ventilator beachten!
18x1 22x1,2 35x1,5 28x1,2 35x1,5 28x1,2 untereinander
Kanal 1x 125 2 x SD 10 0/500 Schacht 12 - 5.OG
28x1,2 22x1,2
Brandschott im Fb
Kanal 1x 125
Brandschott im Fb
35x1,5
Anschludetail
Kapillarrohrmatten 42x1,5
siehe Strangschema Anschlu detail
Zeichnungsnr.: Kapillarrohrmatten
2030/5/414/0 siehe Strangschema
Zeichnungsnr.:
2030/5/414/0
R90 Rohrschotts 2WD
WD 30/15 OKRB
im Fuboden 30/15 OKRB WD 20/20 -0,10AB=60
UKD m/h
30/15 U K U Z W D 30/15 OKRB Einzelraumlfter
W D 20/20 -0,10 UKD mittig auf Sc hac htwand
mittig auf Schac htwand

W D 30/1 5
Anschludetail UKG O KRB W D 30/15
siehe Strangschema OKRB
Zeich nung snr.:
2030/5/413/0
Entlftung
ber Fenster
wie Bestand
Verzug DN125
UKD

ter Schacht 10 - 5.OG

lf
um D D 30/30
lra
Ein
ze Kanal 1x 125
UP Brandschott im Fb
22x1,2 DD 30/30
er
lft
um
lra
ze
Ein
UP

Schacht 5 - 3.OG Schacht 7 - 3.OG

OG 18x1 LVA 100
- 5. Kanal 1x 125 Kanal 1x 125
t1 /h Brandschott im Fb
DD 20/20
ch
ha 0m Brandschott im Fb
Sc =6 125 Fb Schacht 8- 5.OG
AB t im
1x nal 1xchot G Kanal 1x 125
LVA 100
Ka ands - 5.O Brandschott im Fb
Br t1 /h
ch
ha 0 m
Sc =6 125 Fb Schacht 8 - 5.OG
AB im
1x nal 1xch ott Kanal 1x 160
Ka an ds 18x1 Brandschott im Fb
Br

Schacht 8 - 5.OG
Kanal 1x 160
Brandschott im Fb
Allgemeinstrom
Anschlu raum

WD 50/30
Hhe nac h
TW A Planung

35x1,5

DD 15/20

Nur
Vorha lt ung
R90 Roh rschotts
in Wand und Decke

aum
onsr
allati
Inst

San itrinstallation
bea chten!

100
DN

Schacht TR-3 - 5.OG

Kanal 1x 180
Schacht 9 - 5.OG Brandschott im Fb
Kanal 1x 125
Brandschott im Fb

Figure 5 Spree sight of the Office Building, Gotzkowskystr., Berlin

The measurement equipment is shown in Figure 6.

 Iglob,horizontal,outside Air temperature, outside

Surface temperature, plaster
RL

FL
Air temperature, room, 1,8 m

Iglob,vertical,inside
Air temperature, room, 1,1 m Cold distribution
network
IGS-
Air temperature, room, 0,1 m measuring
unit

Figure 6 Measurement equipment in the test rooms

The air temperature was recorded at three different heights (0,1 m, 1,1 m, 1,8 m; see Figure 7), the
temperature sensor for the surface temperature was installed directly on the surface of the ceiling (see
Figure 8).

Figure 7 Measuring of the indoor Figure 8 Temperature sensor surface tempera-

air temperature in three ture ceiling
heights

Furthermore the incoming solar irradiation was recorded with a vertical mounted sensor beyond the
south orientated windows, two temperature sensors were mounted on the cold distribution tubes. The
outside climate conditions were monitored with a solar radiation and an air temperature sensor.

3. Monitoring results

The monitoring period of the two test rooms lasted from the 17.08. to the 20.10.2004. The data were
recorded in 5-minutes-steps.

The development of the medium indoor air and the surface temperature of the ceiling during a week in
August 2004 is shown in Figure 9. In this period the cooling plant was not in use, so a direct compari-
son of the two plaster variations without any influence of active cooling is given. The indoor air tem-
perature in the test room with climate plaster reached temperature levels with a maximum difference
of 2 K compared to the room in the 3rd floor with the conventional plaster.

32 320
Tsurf_Ceiling_3.floor [C] T_Air_Medium_3.floor [C]
Tsurf_Ceiling_5.floor [C] T_Air_Medium_5.floor [C]
Temperature [C]

Global Irradiation [W/m]

31 Iglob_v_3.floor [W/m2] Iglob_v_5.floor [W/m2] 280

30 240

29 200

28 160

27 120

26 80

25 40

24 0
18.08 19.08 20.08 21.08 22.08 23.08 24.08 25.08
Date

Figure 9 Solar radiation and temperatures (surface of ceiling and medium air temperature) in the
test rooms in the 3rd and 5th floor from 18.08. 25.08.04 no cooling

The difference of the surface temperatures of the ceilings in the two rooms reached comparable val-
ues. The development of the temperatures on two days within this time period is shown in Figure 10.

32 320
Tsurf_Ceiling_3.floor [C] T_Air_Medium_3.floor [C]
Tsurf_Ceiling_5.floor [C] T_Air_Medium_5.floor [C]
Temperature [C]

Global Irradiation [W/m]

31 Iglob_v_3.floor [W/m2] Iglob_v_5.floor [W/m2] 280

30 240

29 200

28 160

27 120

26 80

25 40

24 0
21.08 00:00 21.08 12:00 22.08 00:00 22.08 12:00 23.08 00:00
Date, Time

Figure 10 Solar radiation and temperatures (surface of ceiling and medium air temperature) in the
test rooms in the 3rd and 5th floor from 21.08. 22.08.04 no cooling

The integration of microencapsulated PCM in the plaster had a positive influence of the thermal of the
room. The maximum height of the indoor air temperature was lowered without operation of any active
cooling components. The peak values of the indoor air temperature could be remarkable reduced. In
Figure 11 the development of the medium indoor air temperature and the surface temperature of the
ceiling during a week at the end of September is shown.
 26 320
Tsurf_Ceiling_3.floor [C] T_Air_Medium_3.floor [C]

Global Irradiation [W/m]

Temperature [C]
Tsurf_Ceiling_5.floor [C] T_Air_Medium_5.floor [C]
25 Iglob_v_3.floor [W/m2] Iglob_v_5.floor [W/m2] 280

24 240

23 200

22 160

21 120

20 80

19 40

18 0
23.09 24.09 25.09 26.09 27.09 28.09 29.09 30.09
Date

Figure 11 Solar radiation and temperatures (surface of ceiling and medium air temperature) in the
test rooms in the 3rd and 5th floor from 23.09. 30.09.04 cooling operation at night

In comparison to the operation mode in Figure 9 and Figure 10 the cooling plant cooled down the ceil-
ing during night and discharges the thermal mass of the structural component. Both ceilings reached
the same temperature level in the morning while the ceiling in the room in the 3rd floor was heated up
more quickly in comparison to the ceiling with the climate plaster. Two days of this week are shown
in detail in Figure 12.

26 320
Tsurf_Ceiling_3.floor [C] T_Air_Medium_3.floor [C]

Global Irradiation [W/m]

Tsurf_Ceiling_5.floor [C] T_Air_Medium_5.floor [C]
Temperature [C]

25 Iglob_v_3.floor [W/m2] Iglob_v_5.floor [W/m2] 280

24 240

23 200

22 160

21 120

20 80

19 40

18 0
24.09 00:00 24.09 12:00 25.09 00:00 25.09 12:00 26.09 00:00
Date

Figure 12 Solar radiation and temperatures (surface of ceiling and medium air temperature) in the
test rooms in the 3rd and 5th floor from 24.09. 25.09.04 cooling operation at night

Compared to the sequence without cooling in Figure 10 the difference of the maximum values of the
medium air temperatures is more significant. The discharge of the PCM led to an improvement of the
use of the thermal capacity of the material and as a result also to an improvement of the thermal com-
fort in the test room. The operation of the cooling plant was reduced to the night time. Only a power of
about 400 W was admitted to the rooms in this first test runs (see Figure 13).
 26 1600
Tsurf_Ceiling_3.floor [C] T_Air_Medium_3.floor [C]

Temperature [C]
Tsurf_Ceiling_5.floor [C] T_Air_Medium_5.floor [C]

Cooling Power [W]

25 Q_Cooling 3.floor [W] Q_Cooling 5.floor [W] 1400

24 1200

23 1000

22 800

21 600

20 400

19 200

18 0
24.09 00:00 24.09 12:00 25.09 00:00 25.09 12:00 26.09 00:00
Date, Time

Figure 13 Cooling power and temperatures (surface of ceiling and medium air temperature) in the
test rooms in the 3rd and 5th floor from 24.09. 25.09.04 cooling operation at night

As a result of these first investigations in the test rooms the climate plaster indicates an improvement
of the thermal comfort in the office rooms by the reduction of the medium air temperature and the tem-
perature of the inner surfaces. This effect can be strengthened by a discharge of the PCM-material by
embedded capillary cooling mats cooling down the ceiling at night and discharge the material.

4. Comparison to the laboratory test results of macro encapsulated PCM-material

The results of a laboratory test concerning the reachable cooling power of macro encapsulated PCM
put down on suspended ceilings are shown in Figure 14.

50
heat/cold power PCM (charge/discharge) [W/m]

Q_G,I = 700 W, n = 4 ... 6 1/h, t_air,in = 17C

40
Q_G,I = 500 W, n = 3 4 1/h, t_air,in = 19C

30

20

10

-10

-20
34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18
operative temperature [C]

Figure 14 Resulting characteristic curve of the heat/cold power of macro encapsulated PCM in the
charge/discharge mode laboratory tests
Depending on the height of the cooling load by internal gains or solar irradiation peak values of about
40 W/m cooling power (by a total added cooling load of 700 W) could be determined. Lower cooling
loads of about 500 W led to lower reachable peak values in the range of 30 W/m. The tests were
carried out without any air change in the load case and with a typical air change rate of about 4 h-1
(night cooling) and a constant temperature level in the discharge case. The test room had a volume of
about 27 m, 68 kg PCM-material were integrated. Also this use of PCM led to a remarkable reduction
of the indoor air temperature in the laboratory room. Regarding the discharge mode in Figure 14 it is
obvious that also by realisation of a night cooling with air change rates of about 4 h-1 and low air tem-
peratures a total discharge can not be realised within one night so that problems can occur in longer
hot weather periods.

5. Summary and preview

The results of the praxis tests of Phase Change Material used as addition to conventional plaster show
a remarkable positive influence on the indoor air temperature level in office rooms in times with high
cooling loads. In the test period in late summer of 2004 temperature reductions up to 2 K could be
realised. The effect of the PCM could be improved by realisation of a controlled discharge of the cli-
mate plaster with embedded capillary tube mats fed by a cooling plant. Advantage of an adapted
cooling operation is the complete availability of the thermal mass at day time with occurring high cool-
ing loads. To improve the use of micro- and macro encapsulated PCM operation strategies of com-
bined cooling and ventilation have to be developed to ensure the availability of the thermal mass of the
material.

6. Literature

[BINE 2002a] BINE Informationsdienst FIZ Karlsruhe, Mechenstrae 57, 53129 Bonn,
www.bine.info, Themeninfo IV/02 - Latentwrmespeicher
[BINE 2002b] BINE Informationsdienst FIZ Karlsruhe, Mechenstrae 57, 53129 Bonn,
www.bine.info, Projektinfo 06/02 - Latentwrmespeicher in Baustoffen
[Hill] Hill, M.; maxit clima, Tagungsbeitrag ZAE- Symposium 2004, Gar-ching, 4.-5.
Mrz 2004
[Schossig, et al.] Schossig, P.; Henning, H.-M.; Raicu, A.; Mikroverkapselte Phasenwechselmate-
rialien in Wandverbundsystemen zur Komfortsteigerung und Energieeinsparung,
Fraunhofer Institut Solare Energiesysteme
[Henning] Henning, H.-M., Wrmespeicher mit Phasenwechselmaterialien und thermoche-
mische Systeme Einsatz von thermischen Speichern in Gebuden, Workshop
Dezentrale Energiespeicherung - Schlssel zur wirtschaftlichen Entfaltung Erneu-
erbarer Energien Wuppertal, 8. April 2002
[Strieder] Strieder, B. Passive Klimatisierung von Containerbauten durch den Einsatz von
PCM Ergebnisse einer Feldstudie, Tagungsbeitrag ZAE- Symposium 2004,
Garching, 4.-5. Mrz 2004
Making green refurbishment happen
A more joined-up, collaborative approach to building refurbishment
is urgently needed in the UK says the industry, along with reliable
guidance on issues ranging from technical best practice to sources
of finance.

In September 2010 the group of industry partners
who are working together through the National
Refurbishment Centre met for the first time.
They were presented with a report compiled by the
National Refurbishment Centre on the actions that would
be needed to achieve the increased levels of sustainable
building refurbishment that are vital to meeting the 80%
UK carbon reduction target set out in the legally-binding
Climate Change Act (2008).
Along with its potential to reduce carbon emissions,
prevent fuel poverty and improve housing standards,
sustainable refurbishment has an important role to
play in the UK economy, says BRE Chief Executive Peter
Bonfield. Refurbishing thousands of buildings every
year will create jobs in the construction industry, and
provide opportunities for manufacturers to expand and
create markets for existing and new products, both in
the UK and abroad.
The importance of refurbishment from simple
insulation measures to more complicated eco-upgrades
is well understood and there have been increasing calls
from the industry for a more concerted approach, but a
clear way forward has remained elusive.
The complexity of green refurbishment makes it very
difficult for those involved to find the right approach,
says Anna Scothern, Director of BRE Housing Enterprise,

1
from consumers who dont know how to go about
improving their properties, to the local professional
who is concerned about the risks involved with new
technologies, to the manufacturers and suppliers who
are not sure what the market is.
Anna Scothern, Director of BRE Housing Enterprise
The National Refurbishment Centres report, Rethinking
Refurbishment: Developing a National Programme,
was compiled from workshops involving industry
stakeholders around the country, which were held to find
out what information and data is needed to support a
step change in sustainable refurbishment delivery.
A more joined up approach
wanted
The workshop participants strongly emphasised that a
more joined-up approach was urgently needed, with
better co-ordination and collaboration. They wanted a
one-stop-shop of reliable, impartial information and
guidance on a variety of subjects from technical best
practice to sources of finance. They also wanted a single
voice that could bring organisations together, influence
2
government thinking and shape the refurbishment
agenda. They called for:
Performance data a central resource from which best
practice guides and other technical information can be
developed, allowing stakeholders to make informed
decisions.
Practical solutions achievable, low-tech refurbishment
methods, such as cavity wall insulation, and a project-by-
project rather than a whole house approach.
Standards including a refurbishment equivalent of the
Code for Sustainable Homes, shaped by stakeholders.
Funding better funding streams to encourage
manufacturers, suppliers and consumers to invest in
new technology perhaps linked to VAT and other tax
reductions.
Skills links with training providers to provide the skills
needed to deliver innovative solutions, particularly for
smaller building contractors and local professionals.
Local focus solutions based on local building-types
and materials, with a reliance on local contractors where
possible.
Communication telling the supply chain (especially
small building contractors) and consumers about the
benefits of green refurbishment and the means of
achieving it.
The work so far
Established early in 2010 by the BRE Trust and the
Energy Saving Trust, the National Refurbishment
Centre is working to deliver the joined-up approach to
refurbishment that the industry is seeking, using robust
performance data and collaborative, practical problem
solving.
It has been bringing together the widest possible range
of partners (see list) so that the industry can shape the
agenda, develop best practice and engage consumers
and the small building contractors who are the backbone
of UK refurbishment.
The National Refurbishment Centre is obtaining
detailed, reliable and impartial refurbishment data
through a nationwide demonstration programme of
around 500 exemplar building refurbishment projects
such as the Victorian Terrace project (see www.
rethinkinghousingrefurbishment.co.uk).
Having presented its report on a national refurbishment
programme to its industry partners, and subsequently
published it (the report is downloadable from the NRC
website or available in hard copy from NRC c/o BRE
Housing Enterprise) the National Refurbishment Centre
has continued to gather stakeholder opinions through
further workshops, and is currently analysing data from
an online survey of how it can be shaped to best meet
industry needs.
In addition, the National Refurbishment Centre has
presented its findings more widely, for example at
regional seminars held at Centres of Constructing
Excellence around the country and at refurbishment
conferences. The results of the report are also being
discussed with various government departments.
Taking this forward
After examining the findings in Rethinking Refurbishment:
Developing a National Programme at their meeting in
September, the National Refurbishment Centre partners
agreed on the following key strategy areas for addressing
the needs identified, and the partner organisations that
will lead working groups focussing on them.
Solutions
BASF, the worlds leading chemical company, and BRE will
lead initiatives to identify the technology solutions and
energy efficient products needed to deliver low carbon,
sustainable refurbishment.
We have to work together to share
knowledge, ideas and solutions.
Gill Kelleher, BASF
Sustainable, energy efficient refurbishment is a hugely
important but highly complex issue, says Gill Kelleher,
Market Development Manager of BASF. Clear, evidence-
based information and guidance must be developed
to help the industry and government make sustainable
refurbishment the norm in this country and not limited
to exemplar projects. To achieve this we have to work
together to share knowledge, ideas and solutions. The
National Refurbishment Centre has the wide industry
support needed to make a real difference and we are
proud to be taking a leading role in its work.
Finance
Supported by the West Midlands Homes and
Communities Agency, a working group will consider
finance and refurbishment packages that will deliver
the most cost effective use of available refurbishment
funding.
Take the Governments proposed Green Deal for
example, says Anna Scothern. It has been suggested
that this could include a package of funding for every
household to carry out energy efficiency measures.
In such cases the National Refurbishment Centre can
identify how the money will most effectively be spent
say on a 1950s semi with a conservatory on the back, or a
pre-1919 solid wall terrace, etc. What will deliver the best
returns upgrading the boiler? installing roof insulation?
and so on.
Policy
The Energy Saving Trust will lead a group that uses the
National Refurbishment Centres extensive refurbishment
project data to support policy makers in developing clear
and coherent policies that will help to deliver both quick
wins and a long-term sustainable refurbishment goals.
A critical issue that came up during the stakeholder
workshops, says Scothern, was the rather confused
state of the refurbishment sector, with many initiatives
but no clear front runner. Product suppliers tell us, for
example, that they need clear direction on what standard
of product innovation and technical advancement they
should be aiming for.
The National Refurbishment Centre wont, of course, be
attempting set policy. Its role will be to examine the data
from the 500 exemplar projects to identify opportunities
3
for policy makers to foster successful refurbishment, and
to highlight the risks where there is no direction.
National Refurbishment Centre Partners
Skills and training include:
Construction Skills will work with other National
Refurbishment Centre partners to identify the skills and BASF
training needs in the industry, and to develop links with
training providers in order to deliver these. British Homes Awards
British Gas
Behavioural change
Building Research Housing Group
BRE and other NRC partners will develop strategies
to ensure that the benefits and means of effectively Built Environment Improvement Network
achieving sustainable refurbishment are disseminated
B&Q
to all those involved from home owners and property
managers to construction professionals and government Constructing Excellence
policy makers to ensure that they can confidently
Construction Skills
adopt a sustainable refurbishment approach.
The Daily Telegraph
The National Refurbishment Centres secretariat Dupont
will provide the energy that pulls all these strategies
together, says Anna Scothern, making sure that the Gentoo
workstreams and deliverables happen. The Centre West Midlands HCA
is very much an active process. Its about research
and collaboration, partnership and making full and Hanson
constructive use of data it is certainly not just a talking Kier
shop!
Kingfisher
I was very encouraged by the energy shown by the MBE KTN
National Refurbishment Centre partners at the meeting,
say Peter Bonfield. The sense of collaboration and
willingness to share the load to support change was
exactly what the industry needs at this time of economic
uncertainty. We need to get on with delivery now.

For more information about the National Refurbishment

Centre and its work contact Mat Colmer of the Energy
Saving Trust on 020 7227 0307 or Anna Scothern of BRE
on 01923 664294

4
 PASSIV Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates
HAUS
INSTITUT
Dr. Wolfgang Feist
Contents
PHI Rheinstrae 44/46 D-64283 Darmstadt Germany 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3
2 METHOD OF CALCULATION ............................................................................ 4
2.1 The Building Simulation Programme DYNBIL ......................................................................... 4
3 VARIATIONS IN THERMAL INSULATION STANDARD ................................... 5
3.1 The Calculation Process.......................................................................................................... 5
Influence of Thermal Insulation and 3.2
3.3
Example Building ..................................................................................................................... 6
Characteristics of the examined BASF-Products ................................................................. 7
Phase-Change Material on Energy 3.4 Results....................................................................................................................................... 8
4 PROFITABILITY OF THERMAL INSULATION ................................................ 23
Demand and CO2-Emissions in 4.1 Boundary Conditions and Method of Calculation............................................................... 23

Different European Climates 4.2

5
Profitability of Thermal Insulation in Roof, Walls and Basement ..................................... 24
PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS ....................................................................... 26
5.1 Phase-Change Material: Micronal PCM .............................................................................. 26
5.2 Simulation Model.................................................................................................................... 26
5.3 Simulation Results ................................................................................................................. 28
5.4 Profitability.............................................................................................................................. 31
5.4.1 Theoretical Boundaries.................................................................................................... 31
5.4.2 Simulation Results ........................................................................................................... 31
5.4.3 Further Aspects of the Economy of Micronal PCM SmartBoardTM ................................ 32
on behalf of 6 SUMMARY........................................................................................................ 32
BASF AG 7 REFERENCES.................................................................................................. 34
APPENDIX ............................................................................................................... 35
Marketing Support Branches & Industries Europe A DOCUMENTATION OF THE EXAMPLE BUILDING USED FOR THE SURVEY
Dr. Daniela Origgi ON THERMAL INSULATION................................................................................... 35
A.1 General Information ............................................................................................................... 35
construction.europe@basf.com
A.2 View from South (left) and North (right)............................................................................... 35
A.3 Floor plans .............................................................................................................................. 36
A.4 Cross-Sectional View from East ........................................................................................... 36
A.5 Zoning...................................................................................................................................... 37
July 2006 A.6 Structural Elements................................................................................................................ 38
Jrgen Schnieders
A.7 Ventilation ............................................................................................................................... 39
A.8 Heating and Cooling............................................................................................................... 40
A.9 Internal Heat Gains................................................................................................................. 40
A.10 Shading ............................................................................................................................... 40
B CLIMATE .......................................................................................................... 41
C ENERGY DEMAND AND EMSSIONS .............................................................. 41
D PROPERTIES OF MICRONAL PCM .............................................................. 41

-2-
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates
1 Introduction
The study at hand is investigating the influence of thermal insulation and phase-
change material on energy demand of heating and cooling, and respectively
summertime indoor climate for 6 different European locations: Warsaw,
Frankfurt(Main), London, Paris, Rome, and Seville.
Subject matter to the survey is the effect of the following products (manufacturer
information):
Styropor: BASFs expandable EPS for the fabrication of EPS-insulation boards.
Styropor is characterised by good thermal insulation capability, high pressure
resistance, good shock absorption, low weight, and resistance to humidity.
Applications: exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS), impact sound
insulation, insulation of uppermost storeys ceiling, insulation of steep roofs,
insulation of basement ceiling, insulation of flat roofs, stone boards and
prefabricated components.
Neopor: BASFs expandable EPS for the fabrication of EPS-insulation boards.
By employing infrared absorbers, Neopor achieves the same insulation
performance as standard EPS using less material. Applications: exterior
insulation and finish systems (EIFS), impact sound insulation, insulation of
uppermost storeys ceiling, insulation of steep roofs, insulation of basement
ceiling, insulation of flat roofs, stone boards and prefabricated components.
Styrodur C: extruded polystyrene rigid-foam (XPS) produced by BASF. Styrodur
is characterised by good thermal insulation capability, low water take-up, and high
pressure resistance. Applications: Perimeter insulation, inverted roof, thermal
bridge insulation, floor insulation, core insulation, steep roof insulation, ceiling
insulation, frost protection for road and rail construction.
Elastopor H: Elastopor H is an approximately 95% closed-cell polyurethane
rigid-foam for the fabrication of foam and rigid-foam panels. When sprayed in
multiple layers, Elastopor H can be used as thermal insulation and jointless
sealant simultaneously.
Micronal PCM: latent heat storage produced by BASF. Construction materials
including Micronal PCM stabilise indoor temperatures in the range of the phase
transition. Micronal is available from BASF in pulverised and liquid form, e.g. for
the fabrication of plaster or gypsum plasterboards with latent heat storage
capacity.
The survey on the insulation materials was carried out by means of an end-of-terrace
house in residential use. For the investigation of Micronal PCM phase-change
material two rooms in an office building were considered.
-3-
Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates
2 Method of Calculation
2.1 The Building Simulation Programme DYNBIL
The space heat demand of all variants, investigated in this survey, was determined
by means of dynamic thermal building simulation. This method allows detailed
prediction of a buildings thermal behaviour based on physical coherences. In
contrast to the stationary method, also heat storage processes explicitly enter the
calculation. The building is split into multiple zones so that rooms with different
boundary conditions (utilisation, window areas, shading, orientation, designated
temperature, geometry) can be investigated separately from one another. Factors
that are included are, amongst others, thermal characteristics of components, effect
of solar radiation, internal gains, heating, and cooling respectively, as well as
interactions in between the zones. The simulation processes hourly values of the
boundary conditions. Thus, it provides results for the temperature development for
every zone of the model and its required heating and cooling power respectively.
The calculation was carried out using the dynamic building simulation program
DYNBIL, developed by the PHI. Detailed comparison of results produced by DYNBIL
with measurements in constructed projects yielded very good accordance. The
program proved itself during several years of planning and thermal investigation of
buildings. It is characterised by the following features [Feist 1999]:
Thermal conduction and heat storage
Unstationary heat fluxes (multi-capacity network model) including one
dimensional substitutes for thermal bridges
Convective heat transfer
Temperature dependence of convective heat transfer for room surfaces
Temperature dependence of convective heat transfer for spaces between
glazings
Long-wave radiation exchange
Approximation of indoor radiation heat exchange by means of a two-node
model while clearly separating radiation and convection
Short-wave radiation
Influence of angle of incidence for radiation transmittance through the window
Shading of short-wave radiation
Heat transfer on exterior surfaces
Convective heat transfer, depending on wind
Long-wave radiation exchange between exterior surfaces, ambiance, and
radiation into the sky; atmospheric albedo
Internal heat sources
Consideration of different thermal transport mechanisms
-4-
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

Influence of heat output

Assessment of indoor climate by means of operative temperatures

3 Variations in Thermal Insulation Standard

3.1 The Calculation Process
The positive influences of thermal insulation on heat demand and energy
consumption in cold climates are out of questions from a scientific point of view, yet
still insufficiently recognized in broad public. Commonly the extent of achievable
energy savings due to thermal insulation measures and the benefit when employed
in warmer climates, especially in regard to summertime periods, is unclear.
This section identifies the consequences of different thermal insulation levels for the
following factors:
Space heat demand, i.e. the amount of energy which needs to be supplied to a
room during one year in order to ensure an operative indoor temperature of
20 C.
Heating energy demand, i.e. the amount of energy in the form of e.g. heating oil
or natural gas which needs to be supplied to the heating system during one year Figure 1: Example for the temperature sequence in summertime (Frankfurt, Germany, thermal
in order to ensure an operative indoor temperature of 20 C. insulation standard minimal, no active cooling)

Useful cold demand, i.e. the amount of energy which needs to be removed from
the building by means of an active cooling system in order to confine indoor air
temperature to a maximum of 25 C. 3.2 Example Building
Electricity demand for space cooling, i.e. annual electricity consumption for space The end-of-terrace house, shown in Figure 2, served as a basis for the simulation
cooling resulting for typical annual performance factors of common split devices. calculations. The building has two storeys and a basement which is contained inside
Peak temperature, i.e. the highest hourly mean temperature which appeared in the buildings thermal shell. Nevertheless, the basement is not heated. The building
any of the rooms (zones 1 to 6) during one year. In general, the highest was constructed as a solid structure, the living area amounts to 120 m.
temperatures occur in zone 4 which is south-oriented and located under the roof
(cf. Figure 1).
Frequency of overheating, i.e. the number of hours in which the operative indoor
temperature exceeds 25 C, in case no active cooling is installed. The mean
value, weighted according to living area, of this frequency is displayed.
Primary energy demand for space heating and cooling. Here it is assumed that
active cooling is employed. The auxiliary electricity demand of the heating system
was considered. In the case of the cooling system the auxiliary electricity demand
is already incorporated in the annual performance factor of the cooling device.
CO2 emissions for space heating and cooling.

-5- -6-
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

laws). Nominal values are directly deduced from measurements, taking a statistical
spread and an ageing allowance into account. Hence, they correspond to the
average heat conductivity which can be expected during lifetime.
The following data on the material was utilised:
Porch Applica- Material BASF-Product Density Heat Heat
Storage- tion [kg/m] capacity conductivity
Dining Room room
[J/(kgK)] [W/(mK)]
Wall IR-EPS Neopor 15 1210 0.032
Kitchen Hall Toilet (Raw material)
Wall1 EPS Styropor 15 1210 0.038
(Raw material)
Roof PUR Elastopor H2 30 1500 0.023
(Raw material)
Base- XPS Styrodur 3035 CS 33 1500 0.032 0.043
ment (Finished product)
Ground
1
Floor The simulation calculations were carried out using Neopor . Styropor can be used alternatively.
However, in this case the insulating materials thickness must be chosen 19 % higher.
2
Wohnzimmer Elastopor H is a product of the BASF group affiliate Elastogran. The calculation is carried out
assuming a pentane-driven foam with a vapour-impermeable top coat.
3
Depending on thickness: 0.032 below 30 mm, 0.034 up to 60 mm, 0.036 up to 80 mm, 0.038 up to
160 mm, 0.04 above 160 mm.

3.4 Results
Figure 2: South view and ground floor plan of the end-of-terrace house which was used for the
study on thermal insulation influence (cf. Appendix) As mentioned before, at first the simulation calculations were carried out for four
A detailed description of the applied simulation model can be found in the appendix. different thermal insulation standards in comparison to each other:

Different thermal protection involves not only the heat insulation applied on walls,
roof, and basement. Good thermal protection of opaque elements, good thermal
quality of the windows, and reduction of ventilation heat losses call for one another.
That is why four different example buildings, in which the components have been
reasonably harmonised with each other, were investigated
Since the climate in the Mediterranean differs considerably form the northern areas
of Europe, certain details for the example buildings in Seville and Rome were chosen
deviating from the ones in other locations. South of the Alps, the thermal protection
standard was generally chosen to be lower. The roof is realised as a solid
construction instead of a lightweight construction. The windows are equipped with
shutters shielding solar radiation in summertime. Furthermore, in the variants without
air-conditioning the windows are not only tilted but widely opened in order to cool
down the building.
3.3 Characteristics of the examined BASF-Products
For the heat conductivity the nominal values D are continually used instead of the
rated values that are usually used for design purposes (as required by many national
minimal: The building is equipped with a certain minimum thermal protection
which is sufficient to prevent condensation on surfaces. The U-values for the roof
are 1.0 W/(mK) (massive roof south of the Alps) and 0.84 W/(mK) respectively
(rafter roof north of the Alps) and 1.16 W/(mK) inside the walls. The basements
roof and walls as well as the floor slab are not insulated. Many existing old
buildings feature thermal protection standards which in any case are no better
than the minimal thermal insulation standard utilised here.
moderate: The old buildings components are equipped with additional thermal
insulation. The thermal insulation standard matches roughly the one employed for
a building constructed in recent years.
good: For this case the thermal protection was improved once more. In different
studies ([Kah 2005], [Rabenstein 2006]), the optimal cost effectiveness of
insulation material thicknesses was determined, providing that no interdependen-
cies with other costs exist (e.g. subsidies or savings in building services due to
improved thermal insulation). Here the findings of such optimisation calculations
served as a guideline when obtaining the thicknesses of insulation material. The
building approximately represents a low-energy building.

-7- -8-
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

very good: Thermal protection compares with the (German) Passive House The example buildings thermal characteristics and the results illustrated in section
standard. South of the Alps, the level of thermal protection was assumed to be 3.1 are summarised in the graphs on the following pages.
close to German legal requirements on newly constructed buildings. The simulation showed that north of the Alps indoor cooling and overheating are
For reasons of clarity, the building characteristics were no further differentiated for insignificant for the example building: The computed cooling energy demand was
the climatic zone north of the Alps. The same holds for the two climatic zones south below 2 kWh/(ma) for all cases; without a cooling system indoor temperatures
of the Alps. The following table summarises the thicknesses of insulation material exceed 25 C for less than one week a year. Hence, these data are not shown in the
and U-values of the exterior structural components for the studied cases. diagrams.
In any case, it is found that energy demand and environmental load can be reduced
considerably by means of improved thermal protection. In the same manner,
North of the Alps
buildings with improved insulation decrease cooling energy demand and summer
Case Insulation Insulation Insulation Insulation
comfort increases for southern climates.
roof [cm] wall [cm] floor slab basement
[cm] wall [cm] In most cases, useful cooling energy demand is much lower than heating energy
minimal 0 0 0 0 demand under the assumed preconditions (i.e. support of active cooling by moderate
moderate 10 8 4 4 ventilation through windows when reasonable; cooling of air temperature to 25 C, cf.
good 15 15 8 8 attachment). Only in Seville, this relation inverts for the well-insulated examples: In
very good 30 30 20 20 these cases hardly any thermal heat is required, whilst a useful cooling demand of
approx. 10 kWh/(ma) remains.

Case U-value roof U-value wall U-value U-value

[W/(mK)] [W/(mK)] floor slab basement
[W/(mK)] wall
[W/(mK)]
minimal 0.839 1.158 4 4
moderate 0.181 0.297 0.694 0.699
good 0.13 0.18 0.4 0.4
very good 0.07 0.098 0.19 0.19

South of the Alps

Case Insulation Insulation Insulation Insulation
roof [cm] wall [cm] floor slab basement
[cm] wall [cm]
minimal 0 0 0 0
moderate 4 4 0 2
good 8 10 0 4
very good 15 15 0 6

Case U-value roof U-value wall U-value U-value

[W/(mK)] [W/(mK)] floor slab basement
[W/(mK)] wall
[W/(mK)]
minimal 1.019 1.158 4 4
moderate 0.368 0.473 4 1.139
good 0.224 0.251 4 0.699
very good 0.133 0.18 4 0.496

-9- - 10 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

Warsaw
350
Thermal protection level: minimal moderate good very good

300
Thermal insulation standard

Energy [kWh/(ma)], CO2 [kg/(ma)]

250

200

150

100

50

0
Space heat demand Heating energy demand Primary energy CO2 emissions

Insulation thickness: no insulation

Standard double glazing, U 2.8 W/(mK), g 0.76*
minimal

68 mm wooden window frame

Air tightness: n50 = 6 h-1
Window ventilation
Insulation thickness: roof 10 cm, wall 8 cm, basement wall and floor slab 4 cm
moderate

Double low-e glazing, U 1.2 W/(mK), g 0,53*

68 mm wooden window frame
Air tightness: n50 = 4 h-1
Exhaust air system

Insulation thickness: roof 15 cm, wall 15 cm, basement wall and floor slab 8 cm
Double low-e glazing, U 1.2 W/(mK), g 0.53*
good

68 mm wooden window frame

Air tightness: n50 = 1.5 h-1
Exhaust air system

Insulation thickness: roof 30 cm, wall 30 cm, basement wall and floor slab 20 cm
very good

Triple low-e glazing, U 0.51 W/(mK), g 0.52*

Passive house window frame
Air tightness: n50 = 0.5 h-1
Balanced ventilation system with 85% heat recovery
* Nominal values of used glazing. The simulation program takes the interdependency of glazing
attributes and the respective boundary conditions into account.

- 11 - - 12 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

Frankfurt
350
Thermal protection level: minimal moderate good very good

300
Thermal insulation standard

Energy[kWh/(ma)], CO2 [kg/(ma)]

250

200

150

100

50

0
Space heat demand Heating energy demand Primary energy CO2 emissions

Insulation thickness: no insulation

Standard double glazing, U 2.8 W/(mK), g 0.76*
minimal

68 mm wooden window frame

Air tightness: n50 = 6 h-1
Window ventilation
Insulation thickness: roof 10 cm, wall 8 cm, basement wall and floor slab 4 cm
moderate

Double low-e glazing, U 1.2 W/(mK), g 0,53*

68 mm wooden window frame
Air tightness: n50 = 4 h-1
Exhaust air system

Insulation thickness: roof 15 cm, wall 15 cm, basement wall and floor slab 8 cm
Double low-e glazing, U 1.2 W/(mK), g 0.53*
good

68 mm wooden window frame

Air tightness: n50 = 1.5 h-1
Exhaust air system

Insulation thickness: roof 30 cm, wall 30 cm, basement wall and floor slab 20 cm
very good

Triple low-e glazing, U 0.51 W/(mK), g 0.52*

Passive house window frame
Air tightness: n50 = 0.5 h-1
Ventilation system with 85% heat recovery
* Nominal values of used glazing. The simulation program takes the interdependency of glazing
attributes and the respective boundary conditions into account.

- 13 - - 14 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

London
350
Thermal protection level: minimal moderate good very good

300
Thermal insulation standard

Energy [kWh/(ma)], CO2 [kg/(ma)]

250

200

150

100

50

0
Space heat demand Heating energy demand Primary energy CO2 emissions

Insulation thickness: no insulation

Standard double glazing, U 2.8 W/(mK), g 0.76*
minimal

68 mm wooden window frame

Air tightness: n50 = 6 h-1
Window ventilation
Insulation thickness: roof 10 cm, wall 8 cm, basement wall and floor slab 4 cm
moderate

Double low-e glazing, U 1.2 W/(mK), g 0,53*

68 mm wooden window frame
Air tightness: n50 = 4 h-1
Exhaust air system

Insulation thickness: roof 15 cm, wall 15 cm, basement wall and floor slab 8 cm
Double low-e glazing, U 1.2 W/(mK), g 0.53*
good

68 mm wooden window frame

Air tightness: n50 = 1.5 h-1
Exhaust air system

Insulation thickness: roof 30 cm, wall 30 cm, basement wall and floor slab 20 cm
very good

Triple low-e glazing, U 0.51 W/(mK), g 0.52*

Passive house window frame
Air tightness: n50 = 0.5 h-1
Ventilation system with 85% heat recovery
* Nominal values of used glazing. The simulation program takes the interdependency of glazing
attributes and the respective boundary conditions into account.

- 15 - - 16 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

Paris
350
Thermal protection level: minimal moderate good very good

300
Thermal insulation standard

Energy [kWh/(ma)], CO2 [kg/(ma)]

250

200

150

100

50

0
Space heat demand Heating energy demand Primary energy CO2 emissions

Insulation thickness: no insulation

Standard double glazing, U 2.8 W/(mK), g 0.76*
minimal

68 mm wooden window frame

Air tightness: n50 = 6 h-1
Window ventilation
Insulation thickness: roof 10 cm, wall 8 cm, basement wall and floor slab 4 cm
moderate

Double low-e glazing, U 1.2 W/(mK), g 0,53*

68 mm wooden window frame
Air tightness: n50 = 4 h-1
Exhaust air system

Insulation thickness: roof 15 cm, wall 15 cm, basement wall and floor slab 8 cm
Double low-e glazing, U 1.2 W/(mK), g 0.53*
good

68 mm wooden window frame

Air tightness: n50 = 1.5 h-1
Exhaust air system

Insulation thickness: roof 30 cm, wall 30 cm, basement wall and floor slab 20 cm
very good

Triple low-e glazing, U 0.51 W/(mK), g 0.52*

Passive house window frame
Air tightness: n50 = 0.5 h-1
Ventilation system with 85% heat recovery
* Nominal values of used glazing. The simulation program takes the interdependency of glazing
attributes and the respective boundary conditions into account.

- 17 - - 18 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

Rome
Thermal protection level: minimal moderate good very good
160 40
Thermal insulation standard

140 35

Hours of year above 25 C [%], Peak temperature [C]

120
Energy [kWh/(ma)], CO2 [kg/(ma)]

30

100
25

80
20

60
15

40
10

20
5

0
Space heat Heating Useful cold Cooling Primary CO2 0
demand energy electricity energy emissions Hours above Peak
demand 25 C temperature

Insulation thickness: no insulation

Single-glazing, U 5.7 W/(mK), g 0.85*
minimal

45 mm wooden window frame

Air tightness: n50 = 6 h-1
Window ventilation
Insulation thickness: roof 4 cm, wall 4 cm, basement wall 2 cm, floor slab 0 cm
moderate

Single-glazing, U 5.7 W/(mK), g 0.85*

45 mm wooden window frame
Air tightness: n50 = 4 h-1
Exhaust air system

Insulation thickness: roof 8 cm, wall 10 cm, basement wall 4 cm, floor slab 0 cm
Standard double glazing, U 2.8 W/(mK), g 0.76*
good

68 mm wooden window frame

Air tightness: n50 = 1.5 h-1
Exhaust air system

Insulation thickness: roof 15 cm, wall 15 cm, basement wall 6 cm, floor slab 0 cm
very good

Double low-e glazing, U 1.2 W/(mK), g 0.53*

68 mm wooden window frame
Air tightness: n50 = 0.5 h-1
Ventilation system with 85% heat recovery (in case of cooling)
* Nominal values of used glazing. The simulation program takes the interdependency of glazing
attributes and the respective boundary conditions into account.

- 19 - - 20 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

Seville
Thermal protection level: minimal moderate good very good
160 40
Thermal insulation standard

140 35

Hours of year above 25 C [%], Peak temperature [C]

120
Energy [kWh/(ma)], CO2 [kg/(ma)]

30

100
25

80
20

60
15

40
10

20
5

0
Space heat Heating Useful cold Cooling Primary CO2 0
demand energy electricity energy emissions Hours above Peak
demand 25 C temperature

Insulation thickness: no insulation

Single-glazing, U 5.7 W/(mK), g 0.85*
minimal

45 mm wooden window frame

Air tightness: n50 = 6 h-1
Window ventilation
Insulation thickness: roof 4 cm, wall 4 cm, basement wall 2 cm, floor slab 0 cm
moderate

Single-glazing, U 5.7 W/(mK), g 0.85*

45 mm wooden window frame
Air tightness: n50 = 4 h-1
Exhaust air system

Insulation thickness: roof 8 cm, wall 10 cm, basement wall 4 cm, floor slab 0 cm
Standard double glazing, U 2.8 W/(mK), g 0.76*
good

68 mm wooden window frame

Air tightness: n50 = 1.5 h-1
Exhaust air system

Insulation thickness: roof 15 cm, wall 15 cm, basement wall 6 cm, floor slab 0 cm
very good

Double low-e glazing, U 1.2 W/(mK), g 0.53*

68 mm wooden window frame
Air tightness: n50 = 0.5 h-1
Ventilation system with 85% heat recovery (in case of cooling)
* Nominal values of used glazing. The simulation program takes the interdependency of glazing
attributes and the respective boundary conditions into account.

- 21 - - 22 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

In case an application of thermal insulation is projected anyway, this estimate of

4 Profitability of Thermal Insulation costs can be used also for wall and roof refurbishment of old buildings. Here as well
the better part of costs is independent from insulation material thickness. However,
the cost differences for different insulation material thicknesses, calculated in the
4.1 Boundary Conditions and Method of Calculation following, must not be misinterpreted as costs of an energetic refurbishment of old
buildings.
In section 3.4 it was shown that, by improvement of thermal protection, vast
environmental load reduction and energy savings can be achieved for all investigated
climates. In this section, the question of profitability of thermal insulation measures is
4.2 Profitability of Thermal Insulation in Roof, Walls and
illuminated. Basement
The calculation of profitability is carried out by means of the present value method. The economic benefits become most apparent when considered at the example
Here it is already considered that sums which will flow in the future have to be building itself and, in doing so, the effects of insulation on opaque components are
accounted for with an accordingly lower value. That is due the interest calculation of analysed separately from other components. For a start the energy savings which
the assets raised for additional expenses of construction. For the case at hand, this result when roof, walls, and basement are accomplished using the insulation
discounting was carried out for the economised energy costs. The premised true standard good instead of the minimal thermal protection of old buildings were
interest rate is 3.5% (market interest rates of mortgages, nominal, no subsidies). analysed by means of the simulation. Windows, ventilation system, etc. remain on
The insulation measures lifetime is generally assumed to be 50 years. This is also the respective higher standard so that only the effect of thermal insulation is
the period used for the calculation of profitability. considered; indoor temperature in wintertime is 21 C.
Energy costs were investigated for two different variants. Variant 1 merely presumes In the second step, the additional costs which result form better thermal insulation
a moderate real increase of prices over the studied period. The prices orient were determined. Here it is assumed that the building with minimal thermal protection
themselves on the energy purchasing costs in the year 2005 in Germany. has a thermal insulation of the same system as it is used in the example, yet with
considerably lower thickness. In this case, the additional costs of better thermal
Variant 2 supposes an increase in energy costs in the order of magnitude of the insulation are determined only by the variable thermal insulation costs mentioned
presumed real interest rate of 3.5%. In this case, the present value method would above.
correspond barely to a stationary cost-benefit analysis without consideration of
interest effects. Nevertheless, it is taken into account here that energy costs currently The following table shows for the 6 different climates:
determine electricity costs by only approximately one third. In this variant, the investment costs for better thermal insulation
respective increase in prices affects only that one third.
energy cost savings per annum for unchanged energy costs
The following table shows the resulting mean values of energy prices for the period
of observation of 50 years. static payback period, i.e. the time after which the investment would have paid off
for a stationary consideration
Variant 1: Variant 2:
0 % Energy price increase 3,5 % Energy price increase present value of net profit due to improved thermal insulation for both variants of
Thermal heat 0.061 /kWh 0.167 /kWh energy price development
Electricity 0.17 /kWh 0.268 /kWh
Warsaw Frankfurt London Paris Rome Seville
In order to be able to determine the required investments for thermal insulation, it is
Investment [] 5500 5500 5500 5500 2800 2800
necessary to identify the costs for one additional centimetre of insulation. The prices
Savings [/a] 1160 940 930 870 470 360
for thermal insulation may vary with the respective building project, as construction
Static payback
prices do in general. Based on a study for the surveyed countries, values for the 4.7 5.8 5.9 6.3 5.9 7.8
period [a]
variable costs of thermal insulation material were developed i.e. including the Present value
additional centimetre insulation material and possible additional costs for longer gain, variant 1 21700 16600 16400 15000 8300 5600
fasteners, deeper windowsills, more costly scaffoldings, etc.. The estimate of costs []
may serve to assess the ecological effects of different thicknesses of insulation Present value
material for new buildings. Thus, it is assumed that insulation material is applied gain, variant 2 51600 40900 40500 37600 20000 13200
anyway; the costs for scaffolding, mount, plastering, etc. are then almost []
independent from insulation material thickness.

- 23 - - 24 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates
In all climates, the improved thermal insulation yields net profits during its lifetime. As
anticipated, savings are maximal for the coldest climates. Nonetheless, improved
thermal insulation can achieve economic profit even in the warm climate of Seville. In
all cases, the static payback period is notably less than 10 years.
- 25 -
Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates
5 Phase-Change Materials
5.1 Phase-Change Material: Micronal PCM
A materials transition from solid to liquid phase often allows it to absorb large
quantities of heat without significantly changing its temperature. This effect can be
exploited to stabilise ambient temperatures inside buildings. In order to do so, melting
temperatures must be in a range that is relevant to housing requirements. Phase
Change Materials (PCM) have to be thermally accessible from the rooms and the
molten PCM must not soak construction materials. This requirement can be met by
microencapsulated paraffines as part of gypsum plaster or gypsum wallboards. The
finished product can be processed like conventional plasters and building boards
respectively.
In the following, the product Micronal PCM SmartBoardTM will be analysed in the
application as a support for air-conditioning in an office building. Micronal PCM
SmartBoardTM is a plaster wallboard of 15 mm thickness containing a 26 % mass
fraction of microencapsulated paraffines.
5.2 Simulation Model
Phase-change materials are especially efficient when indoor temperatures regularly
rise strongly and fall again during one day, e.g. due to large solar or internal gains.
Typical examples are offices, but also in kindergartens, schools, lecture halls,
gastronomy, or canteen kitchens there exist certain periods having a distinct daily
trend which may result in a charge and discharge of the accumulator during one day.
In the simulation calculations a single office was examined as a representative of a
bigger building (Figure 3). The building was realised completely in lightweight
construction. The offices on the north and south side were assumed to be small
single offices. The inside dimensions hold 1.80 m width, 4 m length, and 2.80 m
height. The windows are realised with 1.80 m height and 1.60 m width. The corridor
has a width of 1.20 m.
The exterior wall is insulated by 8 cm of Neopor in Spain and Italy and 15 cm north
of the Alps, respectively. The windows are equipped with double low-e glazing north
of the Alps; south of the Alps standard double glazing is employed. The office is
oriented to north / south, there is no exterior temporary shading installed.
- 26 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

5.3 Simulation Results

In the following, the most important characteristic values resulting from the
simulations are shown.

Warsaw

100
without PCM
90
with PCM

Energy [kWh/(ma)], CO2 [kg/(ma)]

80

70

60

50

40

30
Figure 3: Example object structure used for simulation calculations with Micronal PCM (not
according to scale, picture: BASF) 20

The office has high internal loads: It is occupied by one person, being present from 10
Monday to Friday 8 to 18 oclock with one hour lunch break. During that time, office
machines (PC, monitor, fax, etc.) require a power input of 220 W. Additionally there is 0
Space heat demand Useful cold Primary energy CO2
a constant base load of 15 W. The internal loads for a workday sum up to
400 Wh/(md).
Due to the high internal loads, active cooling of the offices is necessary for all Frankfurt
examined climates. It limits indoor air temperature to 25 C. In order to save energy
the air-conditioning system is supported by nightly tilted windows. Hence surface 100
temperatures fall below the melting point of the Micronal PCM SmartBoardTM at without PCM
90
night on several days of the year. Already a temperature difference of 1 K causes a with PCM

Energy [kWh/(ma)], CO2 [kg/(ma)]

flow rate of 40 m/h through the two tilted windows. They have a height of 1.80 m and 80
are located in every office. By means of an appropriate control, windows will be
70
closed when indoor temperature falls too low at night or air change rates become too
high (above 200 m/h per office). 60

The simulation calculations presume that surfaces of structural elements which are 50
thermally active are primarily accessible from the room. Grave detachments of
Micronal-containing layers, for instance by large wall units, are not considered. 40

30

20

10

0
Space heat demand Useful cold Primary energy CO2

- 27 - - 28 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

London Rome

100 100
without PCM without PCM
90 90
with PCM with PCM
Energy [kWh/(ma)], CO2 [kg/(ma)]

Energy [kWh/(ma)], CO2 [kg/(ma)]

80 80

70 70

60 60

50 50

40 40

30 30

20 20

10 10

0 0
Space heat demand Useful cold Primary energy CO2 Space heat demand Useful cold Primary energy CO2

Paris Seville

100 100
without PCM without PCM
90 90
with PCM with PCM
Energy [kWh/(ma)], CO2 [kg/(ma)]

Energy [kWh/(ma)], CO2 [kg/(ma)]

80 80

70 70

60 60

50 50

40 40

30 30

20 20

10 10

0 0
Space heat demand Useful cold Primary energy CO2 Space heat demand Useful cold Primary energy CO2

- 29 - - 30 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates
Employment of Micronal PCM SmartBoardTM has in all cases positive effect on both
the rooms heat and cold demand. When it comes to cooling the effect is more
relevant than for heating since the supportive night-ventilation yields higher
temperature differences. Thus, the melting temperature range of Micronal PCM
SmartBoardTM is crossed more often.
5.4 Profitability
5.4.1 Theoretical Boundaries
The maximum effect of the melting enthalpy of Micronal PCM SmartBoard on a TM
buildings energy balance can easily be assessed. This evaluation is carried out in
the following.
In the temperature range of 21 to 25 C, 1 m Micronal PCM SmartBoardTM absorbs
357 kJ of heat. That is 313 kJ more than for a regular gypsum wallboard. The, by far,
predominant part of this difference is due to the paraffins heat of fusion. Around 3%
of that is accountable to the already higher heat capacity of Micronal PCM
SmartBoardTM compared to regular gypsum wallboards.
In case a building requires cooling at daytime and heating at night every day and
further the temperature range of 21 to 25 C is crossed from both sides once a day,
the 313 kJ, computed above, can be saved as both heating and cooling energy. For
one year 130 MJ or 31.7 kWh of useful heat and respectively cold energy are saved
per square meter of Micronal PCM SmartBoardTM under optimal exploitation
conditions (365 days a year). Assuming the energy prices and the systems rate of
utilisation used for this study, and costs for Micronal PCM SmartBoardTM being 40
/m, a payback period of 11 years results.
It must be kept in mind that the actual saving is usually by far lower: In most of the
buildings, both heating and cooling is not necessary every day and therefore the
PCMs temperature does not vary completely through the above-named range.
Furthermore, dynamic effects reduce the materials effectiveness. The actual saving,
achievable with Micronal PCM SmartBoardTM, can only be assessed by means of a
dynamic thermal building simulation under the boundary conditions of the particular
case.
5.4.2 Simulation Results
The savings in operating costs, achievable under the assumed boundary conditions,
can be calculated from the simulation calculations as documented in section 5.3.
Based on the square meter Micronal PCM SmartBoardTM deployed, these are
summarised in the following table:
Saving [/(m PCM a)]
Warsaw Frankfurt London Paris Rome Seville theoretic
boundary
0.38 0.42 0.40 0.42 0.51 0.80 3.62
- 31 -
Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates
5.4.3 Further Aspects of the Economy of Micronal PCM
SmartBoardTM
The basic principle of passive cooling is to harmonise different components with each
other in a way that a working building results. That is, passive cooling can usually not
be achieved by one measure alone. There is always a set of measures necessary.
Besides Micronal PCM SmartBoardTM, these may be of the following example:
energy efficient implements
energy efficient lighting
free aeration by means of windows or ventilation flaps at night
mechanical ventilation at night
effective, i.e. exterior and temporary, shading
fixed shading devices
thermal insulation of exterior building components
colouring of exterior building components
large thermal mass
cold recovery by means of the ventilation system
evaporative cooling
earth-to-air or brine-to-air heat exchanger
geothermal probes
A conclusive passive cooling concept may make active cooling redundant. The
investment costs of a complete climate control unit (heating, cooling, humidification,
dehumidification) can be estimated with 2000 to 2600 per workstation. It has a
lifetime of only 15 years [Recknagel 2003]. Moreover, considerable costs of 3.5% of
total investment costs have to be added for maintenance and repair every year.
These are much lower for many passive components; e.g. for Micronal PCM
SmartBoardTM there are none. If such a complete climate control unit can be made
redundant by means of a passive cooling concept which may also include Micronal
PCM SmartBoardTM, the profitability of the concept is often ensured alongside.
6 Summary
This study investigated the influence of different BASF-products on the energy
budget of buildings by means of dynamic thermal building simulation. It falls into two
parts: The first part deals with the consequences of thermal insulation containing the
materials Neopor, Styrodur C, and Elastopor H on a residential end-of-terrace
house. The second part monitors the effect of Micronal in an office building with high
occupation density. The calculations were carried out for each of the six different
climates of Warsaw, Frankfurt, Paris, London, Rome and Seville.
- 32 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates
In the investigation of thermal insulation, 4 different insulation standards (this refers
not only to thermal insulation of the roof, walls and floor slab, but also to window
quality and ventilation) were compared. It turned out that improved insulation has
several advantages in all the climates investigated.
Space heat demand is reduced.
Thus also the buildings energy demand for space heating decreases.
The heat quantity that needs to be disposed of in the warmer climates by air-
condition is decreased. Electricity demand for space cooling is reduced
accordingly.
Consequently primary energy demand and CO2 emissions decrease.
Effectiveness of increased night ventilation for the purpose of space cooling
without air-conditioning is improved: The number of hours above 25 C and the
peak temperatures decrease.
The cost-benefit analysis concluded that also economic benefits can be achieved by
means of improved thermal protection. In case roof, walls, and floor are insulated to
the standard good (i.e. depending on the structural element 8 to 15 cm of thermal
insulation north of the Alps and 4 to 10 cm south of the Alps) instead of minimal
(minimal thermal protection to avoid condensation on surfaces), the payback period
for the additional investment costs is 4 to 8 years depending on the respective
climate. Already with todays energy prices, considerable economic advantages
result due to the high lifetime of thermal insulation.
The advantages of the phase-change material (PCM) Micronal become especially
apparent when considering lightweight buildings under intensive utilisation and the
respective fluctuation in temperature. Indoor climate is stabilised in case Micronal
PCM SmartBoardTM is equipped instead of conventional gypsum plasterboard. For
the investigated office building, equipped with cooling supported by night ventilation,
heat and cold demand were reduced for all climates; primary energy demand
decreases, depending on climate, by 15 to 32 percent. The effects on cold demand
are substantially more distinct than on space heat demand.
As part of a passive cooling concept which makes a conventional air-conditioning unit
redundant the application of Micronal may become also financially rewarding. In
particular, the high lifetime and the absence of maintenance costs have a positive
effect.
- 33 -
Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates
7 References
[IWEC 2001] American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE): International Weather for Energy Calculations
(IWEC Weather Files), Atlanta 2001
[DWD 2004] Christoffer, Jrgen, Thomas Deutschlnder, Monika Webs:
Testreferenzjahre von Deutschland fr mittlere und extreme Witte-
rungsverhltnisse. Selbstverlag des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, Of-
fenbach 2004
[Feist 1999] Feist, Wolfgang: Das Passivhaus-Konzept fr den Sommerfall. In:
Feist, Wolfgang (Hrsg.): Arbeitskreis kostengnstige Passivhuser,
Protokollband Nr. 15: Passivhaus-Sommerfall. Passivhaus Institut,
Darmstadt 1999
[PHPP 2004] Feist, Wolfgang (Hrsg.): Passivhaus Projektierungs Paket 2004,
Anforderungen an qualittsgeprfte Passivhuser, Darmstadt, Pas-
sivhaus Institut, April 2004
[Kah 2005] Kah, Oliver, Wolfgang Feist: Wirtschaftlichkeit von Wrmedmm-
Manahmen im Gebudebestand 2005. Studie im Auftrag des Ge-
samtverbands der Dmmstoffindustrie GDI, Frankfurt. Passivhaus
Institut, Darmstadt 2005
[Rabenstein 2006] Rabenstein, Dietrich: Die Klimaabhngigkeit optimaler
Wrmedmmung. Bauphysik 28 (2006), Issue 1, p. 13-26
[Recknagel 2003] Schramek, Ernst-Rudolf: Recknagel Sprenger Schramek,
Taschenbuch fr Heizung + Klimatechnik, Oldenbourg, Munich, 2003
[Schmidt 2006] Schmidt, Marco: Personal memorandum Jan 3rd, 2006
[Schossig 2005] Schossig, Peter: Personal memorandum of Dec 2nd, 2005 and
Jan 3rd, 2006
- 34 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

A.3 Floor plans

Appendix
A Documentation of the Example Building used
for the Survey on Thermal Insulation parapet 0.9 parapet 0.9 parapet 1.80

Room 1
parapet 1.80 parapet 1.80

Bedroom

A.1 General Information Porch

Storage-
Dining Room room

The simulation calculations were carried out for a model of a two-storey end-of-
Storage-
terrace house with basement. The illustrations in the following sections show Hall
room
Kitchen Hall Toilet
Heating
Installation

drawings and the zoning as it was used for the simulation. The ground floor holds an Hall
Bathroom
open living, dining, and cooking area plus a toilet. In the first floor, there are a slightly
larger bathroom, two living rooms facing to the south, and a somewhat larger room to
the north. The basement is divided into two cellar rooms facing north and south and
another boiler room. Nursery Nursery

1st Floor Ground Cellar

To the west, there is the terraces gable wall, to the east adjoins the next housing Floor Room 2

unit.
Wohnzimmer
parapet 0.9 parapet 0.9 parapet 1.80 parapet 1.80

A.2 View from South (left) and North (right)

A.4 Cross-Sectional View from East

5,405

2,85

0,00
-0,225
-0,525

-2,85

- 35 - - 36 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

A.5 Zoning A.6 Structural Elements

The building is put up as a solid construction. North of the Alps, the roof is assembled
as a conventional lightweight construction with rafters. Due to local building

Zone 6
standards, a solid roof construction was used for the locations of Seville and Rome.
The constructional systems of opaque structural elements are summarised in the
following.
Zone 4

Zone 5
Cellar wall facing soil

OG
U-value of a non-insulated structural element [W/(mK)] 4
Material Thickness Density Heat capacity Thermal
d C conductivity
Zone 3 [cm] [kg/m] [kJ/(kgK)] [W/(mK)]
BASF Styrodur 3035 CS 0-30 33 1.5 0.032-0.04
Standard concrete 17.5 2400 1.08 2.1

Exterior wall
U-value of a minimally insulated structural element [W/(mK)] 1.16
Material Thickness Density Heat capacity Thermal
d C conductivity
[cm] [kg/m] [kJ/(kgK)] [W/(mK)]
Exterior plaster 1.5 1800 1.08 0.8
EPS-EIFS Neopor 0-30 18 1.21 0.032
Brick masonry 36.5 1400 0.836 0.58
Gypsum plaster EN 12524 1.5 1000 1 0.35

EG
Zone 1

Interior wall
U-value of structural element [W/(mK)] 1.6
Material Thickness Density Heat capacity Thermal
d C conductivity
Zone 3

Zone 2

[cm] [kg/m] [kJ/(kgK)] [W/(mK)]

Gypsum plaster EN 12524 1.5 1000 1 0.4
Brick masonry 17.5 1400 0.836 0.58
Gypsum plaster EN 12524 1.5 1000 1 0.4

Suspended ceiling
U-value of structural element [W/(mK)] 0.89
Zone 7

Material Thickness Density Heat capacity Thermal

d C conductivity
[cm] [kg/m] [kJ/(kgK)] [W/(mK)]
Gypsum plaster EN 12524 1.5 1000 1 0.4
Standard concrete 25 2400 1.08 2.1
UG

Impact sound insulation* 2.5 45 0.504 0.045

Coniferous wood 2 415 2.72 0.13
* No impact sound insulation is used for the minimally insulated building.

- 37 - - 38 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

Roof, solid recovery installed which exploits the exhaust air stream (south of the Alps only in
U-value of a minimally insulated structural element [W/(mK)] 1.0 connection with air-conditioning).
Material Thickness Density Heat capacity Thermal
d C conductivity In addition to the mechanical air change there is infiltration, the buildings airtightness
[cm] [kg/m] [kJ/(kgK)] [W/(mK)] is depending on the building standard.
Concrete roofing tile 4 2100 1 1.5
Air layer, horizontal 2 42 0.272 0.12
The interior doors from the stairwell to the adjacent rooms (zones 1, 4, 5, 6) are
Elastopor H 0-30 30 1.5 0.023 opened only on occasion. On average, these doors allow for an air change of
Styropor 2 15 1.21 0.038 50 m/h.
Standard concrete 14 2400 1.08 2.1
For summertime it is assumed that additional heat removal is achieved by opening
Gypsum plaster EN 12524 1.5 1000 1 0.4
the windows. Here the air change depends on the temperature difference between
inside and outside, cross-ventilation and wind influence are not considered. In zones
Roof, lightweight 1, 4, and 5, windows are tilted if operative temperatures are above 22 C and
U-value of a minimally insulated structural element [W/(mK)] 0.84 ambient air temperature is lower than indoors. South of the Alps, and where no active
Material Thickness Density Heat capacity Thermal air-conditioning is available, it is also possible to ventilate with widely opened
d C conductivity
[cm] [kg/m] [kJ/(kgK)] [W/(mK)]
windows. Thus, the attainable air change increases by a factor of 10. In the latter
Concrete roofing tile 4 2100 1 1.5 case, air change is limited to a maximum of 8 h-1.
Air layer, horizontal 2 42 0.272 0.12
Elastopor H 0-30 30 1.5 0.023 A.8 Heating and Cooling
Chipboard 1.3 600 1.98 0.13
Air layer (10% rafter) 9 42 0.272 0.452 Every room can be heated individually. Heat supply is completely convective and
Rafter with insulation 2.5 82 0.415 0.05 controlled in a way that the operative temperature (i.e. the mean value of air and
Gypsum wall board 750 1.5 750 1 0.35 radiant temperature indoors) just corresponds to the target temperature (here:
20 C).
Units partition wall For summer comfort, two cases were investigated respectively: In the first case, no
U-value of structural element [W/(mK)] 0.53
active cooling is available. The building is kept cool by proper opening of windows
Material Thickness Density Heat capacity Thermal
d C conductivity only (cf. above).
[cm] [kg/m] [kJ/(kgK)] [W/(mK)] In the second case, the larger living rooms, i.e. zones 1, 4, 5, and 6, can be cooled
Standard concrete 12 2400 1.08 2.1
actively. Here an ideal cooling which keeps air temperature to a set value of 25 C is
Sound insulation 6 45 0.504 0.04
Standard concrete 12 2400 1.08 2.1 assumed.

A.9 Internal Heat Gains

Depending on insulation standard and climatic zone, different windows are installed.
Details are provided in the results overviews in section 3.4. The window is mounted
into the thermal insulation layer, as long as its thickness allows doing so. Therefore
installation is in the range of 0.1 W/(mK) for non-insulated walls and 0.01 W/(mK) for a
thermal insulation material thickness greater than 10 cm.
The exterior wall surfaces are plastered, the absorbtance for solar radiation is
= 0.6. The roof is done in dark clay tiles, with = 0.72.
A.7 Ventilation
It is presumed that no efforts to improve energy efficiency of household appliances,
lighting, etc. were undertaken. Therefore, internal heat gains average to 3.0 W/m for
the simulation calculations. Relevant heat gains occur in zone 1 (living) from 7 to 22
oclock, zone 4 (children) during both day and night time, and zone 5 (bedroom)
between 22 to 7 oclock.
Furthermore, heat output arises from the boiler, hot water tank, and ducts inside the
boiler room. They depend on the size of the required heat supply system and are in
the range of 60 to 120 W.

The type of ventilation depends on the building standard. In the non-insulated
building there is no ventilation system installed, the building is ventilated via the
windows only. The objects with improved thermal insulation feature a ventilation
system. It ensures, based on the rooms volume (zone 1-6), an air change of 0.25.
The best thermal insulation standard has additionally a high-performance heat
A.10 Shading
The example building is oriented exactly in north-south direction. On the south-facing
terrace on the ground floor, there is a 2 m wide screen wall. It is installed sideways
and facing towards the neighbours. The next row of houses in the south is located in
a distance of 23 m.

- 39 - - 40 -
 Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates Thermal Insulation and Phase-Change Material in Different European Climates

Whenever it is still conformable with summer comfort, one will often abandon
external shading for reasons of economy. Consequently, external shading was 14

Heat capacity [kJ/kgK]

omitted for the 4 northern climates. However, in the two southern climates there are 12 Measured value cp
traditional shutters installed which will be closed at indoor temperatures above 23 to
10 Reference line
25 C.
8
6
B Climate 4
For Germany, the test reference years, published in 2004 by the German 2
meteorological service [DWD 2004], were available. The test reference year 12 which
is assigned to the location of Frankfurt was used. 0
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
For the other locations the International Weather for Energy Calculations [IWEC
2001], published by ASHRAE, could be employed. The ASHRAE-CD contained the Temperature [C]
respective data for all of the 5 different locations.
Figure 4: Heat capacity as a function of temperature for the latent heat storage plaster maxit
clima 24. Measurements by ISE.
C Energy Demand and Emssions The shown melting curve refers to the product maxit clima 24. The graph reveals that
The heating system has an efficiency of 0.91, the COP of the cooling system is 3.2. it has a relatively large melting range. Thus, melting enthalpy is defined as follows:
Following DIN 4701-10, the auxiliary energy was taken into account by determining a One identifies beginning and end of the melting range and draws, as seen in the
share which depends on the heating load and the duration of the heating period. graph, a line between those two points. The area, enclosed by the line and the graph
Typically, it amounts to some percent of the space heat demand. of measured heat capacity, represents the melting enthalpy.
The building services systems were accounted for by means of flat efficiency factors For the measured data at hand the plasters enthalpy is 18 kJ/kg within the
(the ratio between space heat demand and heating energy demand, cf. section 3.1, temperature range of 10.85 C to 24.85 C. Here more than 90% of the melting
analogous for cooling). The examined example buildings are heated by a low enthalpy is located in a temperature range of 4 K, i.e. approximately between 20 and
temperature gas boiler. In addition there is the auxiliary electricity demand, calculated 24 C.
from the electricity consumption of the heating circulation pump (here: constantly 35
From the properties of the set plaster and along with the above data, it was possible
W) and auxiliary electricity consumption of the boiler. Following [PHPP 2004], the
to calculate the melting enthalpy for the pure PCM-material in this particular sample,
latter was calculated by
being 100 kJ/kg. According to BASF [Schmidt 2006], the most often measured value
0, 48
P is 110 kJ/kg. The acquired measured values for the PCM-material have been
Paux = 15 W boiler . adjusted accordingly and converted to the properties of the gypsum plasterboard
1 kW Micronal PCM SmartBoardTM.
In doing so, it was assumed that nominal boiler power Pboiler exceeds the necessary
building heating power by 30%. According to the ISE, the curve in the diagram is about 1.5 K higher for the product
maxit clima 26. This displaced curve was used in the survey at hand, since the
The following primary energy and CO2 factors were used: melting point of 24 C is more appealing for summertime thermal protection. For the
Primary energy factor CO2 equivalent factor simulations, the curve was divided into five different sections. In each section, the
[kWhPrimary/kWhEnd] [kg/kWhEnd] heat capacity was assumed to be constant.
Heating (gas) 1.1 0.25
Electricity 2.7 0.68

D Properties of Micronal PCM

The basis for modelling the PCM-containing material is measurements for a latent
heat storage plaster carried out by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
ISE in Freiburg, Germany [Schossig 2005]. Figure 4 shows the change in heat
capacity versus temperature.

- 41 - - 42 -
 The Quality Association PCM
hereby awards
on the basis of the test report available to its Quality Committee for

Micronal DS 5000 X
Micronal DS 5001 X

the company

the following mark which is recognized by the RAL Deutsches Institut fr Gtesicherung und
Kennzeichnung e.V., St. Augustin, and protected by registration at the German Patent and
Trademark Office as a collective mark:

Quality mark PCM

achieved cycle category:

A
( 10,000 cycles)

Quality Association PCM

Stuttgart, 15 March 2010

Chairman Managing Director

P r o v i s i o n a l Te c h n i c a l I n f o r m a t i o n
Micronal DS 5039 X
Polymer Dispersions for Construction
Characteristic/Chemie Areas of application
Aqueous, formaldehyde-free Micronal DS 5039 X is an aqueous
dispersion of a paraffin wax mixture dispersion of a microencapsulated
encapsulated in highly crosslinked phase-change material with a high
polymethylmethacrylate thermal capacity that is used to store
latent heat. It consists of microscopic
polymer spheres with a core made
Te c h n i c a l D a t a from highly refined paraffin wax.
Solids content ca. 43% in water Micronal DS 5039 X can be incorporat-
pH ca. 7.58.5 ed in products such as conventional,
Viscosity ca. 300900 mPas thick-layer plaster, plasterboard, fillers,
Density ca. 0.98 floor screeds and concrete, etc.,
Melting point ca. 23 C based on hydraulic and non-hydraulic
Enthalpy of fusion ca. 41 kJ/kg binders. It can also be incorporated in
(emulsion, liquid) wood products such as MDF and OSB
Thermal capacity ca. 60 kJ/kg and in coatings such as acrylic paints
(43%, 1030 C) in order to increase their thermal
Enthalpy of fusion ca. 100 kJ/kg capacity. It stores the large quantity of
(active solids) latent heat that is absorbed when the
Thermal capacity ca. 142 kJ/kg wax in the microcapsules changes
(integral, 1030 C) phase from solid to liquid, and the
heat is released again when the wax
The exact specifications can be found solidifies.
in the specification data sheet.
In interior applications, the aim is to
keep the room temperature stable at
23 C for a large part of the year in
order to improve comfort and to reduce
peak demand for cooling and heating.
The advantages of the special micro-
encapsulation process that is used to
manufacture Micronal DS 5039 X are
that the product is free of formalde-
Electron micrograph of microcapsules in a
cementitious matrix. hyde, it has high mechanical stability
and resistance to high temperatures,
and the polymer capsule is able to
resist damage. Micronal DS 5039 X
can be employed passively or in com-
bination with an active cooling system.
Phase-change materials are a useful
element of climate control concepts,
because they make it possible to store
energy at the time that it becomes
available and then release it later when
it is in demand. This enables energy to
be managed more efficiently in pro-
cesses such as geothermal cooling
systems. Water or air can be used as
the heat transfer medium when the
process is reversed at night. The maxi-
mum loads on cooling systems can be
reduced, which makes technical build-
ing services more energy-efficient.
Ideally, active air conditioning can
be dispensed with completely.
Notes on application I
It is essential that customers perform
their own tests when products based
on Micronal DS 5039 X are being man-
ufactured and processed, because the
compatibility of the various ingredients
with each other, the curing behavior of
hydraulic binders, their adhesion on
different substrates and their material
properties, etc., depend on numerous
different factors that we are unable to
cover exhaustively in our own tests.
It may be necessary to stir
Micronal DS 5039 X again immediately
before it is processed. This does not
have any effect on its performance.
Micronal DS 5039 X is available in
drums, intermediate bulk containers
and road tankers.
Page 1 of 2
 Notes on application II
The following points need to be taken
into account when cementitious for-
mulations and plaster-based products
are being developed.
Micronal phase-change materials
cause more water to be required.
Plasticizers can be used to counter-
act the thickening effect.
Micronal phase-change materials
cause little delay to curing, but
an accelerator may be added if nec-
essary.
A defoamer can be added if
Micronal causes more air to be
entrained.
Micronal phase-change materials
can be considered as consisting of
filler particles with a diameter of
15 m. It may be helpful to reduce
the proportion of fines in the mix.
We would recommend adding Micronal
phase-change materials to cementi-
tious systems at up to approx. 15% v/v
and to plaster-based systems at up to
approx. 30% v/v. Adding more usually
gives rise to rheological problems and
a loss of strength.
The following formula can be used to
calculate the overall thermal capacity
independently of the carrier matrix.
QPCM = mPCM x H
QMatrix = mMatrix x cp x T
QTotal = QPCM + QMatrix
H = 100 kJ/kg = 28 Wh/kg, where
cp = Specific heat capacity of the matrix
m = Mass fraction of PCM or matrix
T = Change in temperature
BASF SE
Regional Business Unit Adhesives
and Construction Polymers Europe
67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
www.basf.de/dispersions
A great advantage of the micro The simulation program PCMexpress
encapsulation process is that the is available free of charge at
paraffin wax is enclosed in a sealed, www.micronal.de.
durable polymer shell. This effectively Customers using the typical simulation
prevents emissions and leakage over programs that are available on the
the working temperature range. The market must take the transient behavior
capsules are exposed to varying levels of building products that contain
of thermal stress when they are pro- phase-change materials into account
cessed, and this can cause the paraf- when they are making their own calcu-
fin wax to shrink and may even destroy lations. If the software does not have a
the capsules completely. It is not pos- special module for phase-change
sible to set an exact upper tempera- materials, the variable specific heat
ture limit, because this depends on capacity (cp) needs to be adapted to the
factors such as the manufacturing pro- temperature.
cess, the length of time it is exposed
to heat and the ambient pressure, etc.
The maximum temperature can only
be determined in practical trials, but
Micronal DS 5039 X cannot usually be
employed at temperatures greater than
180 C.
Micronal DS 5039 X is intended for use
as a diffuse storage medium for heat in Typical values for the enthalpy of fusion of a phase-
change building product with the RAL certification
building products that are employed at mark
or around room temperature. We do
not recommend pumping it as a heat
transfer fluid in circulating systems or
using it as a concentrated coolant in
large heat sinks.
There is no simple formula for calculat-
ing the increase in comfort, i.e. the
time in which the temperature is in the
2025 C range, and the savings in
energy that can be achieved by reduc-
ing peak demand for heating and cool-
ing. Each building has to be assessed
individually, and dynamic building sim-
ulation needs to be used in order to
make a realistic estimate of the results
that can be achieved.
The data contained in this publication are based on our current knowledge and experience. They do not
constitute the agreed contractual quality of the product and, in view of the many factors that may affect pro-
cessing and application of our products, do not relieve processors from carrying out their own investigations
and tests. The agreed contractual quality of the product at the time of transfer of risk is based solely on the
data in the specification data sheet. Any descriptions, drawings, photographs, data, proportions, weights,
etc. given in this publication may change without prior information. It is the responsibility of the recipient of
our product to ensure that any proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are observed.
Edition: February 2012  TI/ED 335e
This data sheet will be rendered invalid if it is superseded by a later version.
= Registered trademark of BASF SE
Page 2 of 2
P r o v i s i o n a l Te c h n i c a l I n f o r m a t i o n
Micronal DS 5040 X
Polymer Dispersions for Construction
Characteristic/Chemie Areas of application
Dry powder version of a paraffin wax Micronal DS 5040 X is a microencap-
mixture encapsulated in highly cross- sulated phase-change material with a
linked polymethylmethacrylate, free of high thermal capacity that is used to
formaldehyde store latent heat. It is the spray-dried
version of Micronal DS 5039 X, which
is supplied as an aqueous dispersion.
Te c h n i c a l D a t a It consists of microscopic polymer
spheres with a core made from highly
Physical form Powder refined paraffin wax.
Particle size ca. 50300 m Micronal DS 5040 X can be incorporat-
Bulk density ca. 300400 kg/m ed in products such as conventional,
Melting point ca. 23 C thick-layer plaster, plasterboard, fillers,
Enthalpy of fusion ca. 96 kJ/kg floor screeds and concrete, etc.,
Thermal capacity ca. 136 kJ/kg based on hydraulic and non-hydraulic
(integral, 1030 C) binders. It can also be incorporated in
Other features Low-dusting wood products such as MDF and OSB
and in coatings such as acrylic paints
The exact specifications can be found in order to increase their thermal
in the specification data sheet. capacity. It stores the latent heat that
is absorbed when the wax in the
microcapsules changes phase from
solid to liquid, and the heat is released
again when the wax solidifies.
An advantage of the special microen-
capsulation process that is used to
manufacture Micronal DS 5040 X is that
the product is free of formaldehyde.
In interior applications, the aim is to
Electron micrograph of Micronal DS 5040 X. keep the room temperature stable at
The powder particles consist of agglomerated
23 C for a large part of the year in
microcapsules.
order to improve comfort and to
reduce peak demand for cooling and
heating.
Micronal DS 5040 X can be employed
passively or in combination with an
active cooling system. Phase-change
materials are a useful element of cli-
mate control concepts, because they
make it possible to store energy at the
time that it becomes available
and then release it later when it is in
demand. This enables energy to be
managed more efficiently in processes
such as geothermal cooling systems.
Water or air can be used as the heat
transfer medium when the process is
reversed at night. The maximum loads
on cooling systems can be reduced,
which makes technical building servic-
es more energy-efficient. Ideally,
active air conditioning can be
dispensed with completely.
Notes on application I
It is essential that customers perform
their own tests when products based
on Micronal DS 5040 X are being man-
ufactured and processed, because the
compatibility of the various ingredients
with each other, the curing behavior of
hydraulic binders, their adhesion on
different substrates and their material
properties, etc., depend on numerous
different factors that we are unable to
cover exhaustively in our own tests.
Micronal DS 5040 X is supplied in
bags with a net weight of 30 kg. As
a protective measure, the powder is
virtually dust-free. The usual precau-
tions must be taken when working
with products in powder form.
For transport and storage the product
is subject on the regulations of class
4.2, packing group II.
Page 1 of 2
 Notes on application II
The following points need to be taken
into account when cementitious for-
mulations and plaster-based products
are being developed.
Micronal phase-change materials
cause more water to be required.
Plasticizers can be used to counter-
act the thickening effect.
Micronal phase-change materials
cause little delay to curing, but
an accelerator may be added if nec-
essary.
A defoamer can be added if
Micronal causes more air to be
entrained.
Micronal phase-change materials
can be considered as consisting of
filler particles with a diameter of
220 m. It may be helpful to
reduce the proportion of fines in
the mix.
The agglomerated secondary parti-
cles in the powder can break down
again under shear and through the
action of water. The resulting
increase in the internal surface area
may make it necessary to add more
water to the mix.
The following formula can be used to
calculate the overall thermal capacity
independently of the carrier matrix.
QPCM = mPCM x H
QMatrix = mMatrix x cp x T
QTotal = QPCM + QMatrix
H = 100 kJ/kg = 28 Wh/kg
cp = Specific heat capacity of the matrix
m = Mass fraction of PCM or matrix
T = Change in temperature
The desired results can usually be
obtained by adding Micronal DS 5040 X
to cementitious products at a rate of
approx. 15% v/v and to plaster-based
products at a rate of approx. 25% v/v.
Higher levels of addition mostly cause
rheology problems and/or a decrease
in strength.
A great advantage of the micro
encapsulation process is that the
paraffin wax is enclosed in a sealed,
durable polymer shell. This effectively
prevents emissions and leakage over
the working temperature range. The
capsules are exposed to varying levels
of thermal stress when they are pro-
cessed, and this can cause the paraf-
fin wax to shrink and may even destroy
the capsules completely. It is not pos-
sible to set an exact upper tempera-
ture limit, because this depends on
factors such as the manufacturing pro-
cess, the length of time it is exposed
to heat and the ambient pressure, etc.
The maximum temperature can only
be determined in practical trials, but
Micronal DS 5040 X cannot usually be
employed at temperatures greater than
140 C.
Micronal DS 5040 X is intended for use
as a diffuse storage medium for heat in
building products that are employed at
or around room temperature. We do
not recommend pumping it as a heat
transfer fluid in circulating systems or
using it as a concentrated coolant in
large heat sinks.
There is no simple formula for calculat-
ing the increase in comfort, i.e. the
time in which the temperature stays in
the 2026C range, and the savings
in energy that can be achieved by
reducing peak demand for heating and
cooling. Each building has to be
assessed individually, and dynamic
building simulation needs to be used
in order to make a realistic estimate
of the results that can be achieved.
The simulation program PCMexpress
is available free of charge at
www.micronal.de.
Customers using the typical simulation
programs that are available on the
market must take the transient behav-
ior of building products that contain
phase-change materials into account
when they are making their own calcu-
lations. If the software does not have
a special module for phase-change
materials, the variable specific heat
capacity (cp) needs to be adapted to
the temperature.
Typical values for the enthalpy of fusion of a phase-
change building product with the RAL certification
mark.

BASF SE
Regional Business Unit Adhesives
and Construction Polymers Europe
67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
The data contained in this publication are based on our current knowledge and experience. They do not
constitute the agreed contractual quality of the product and, in view of the many factors that may affect pro-
cessing and application of our products, do not relieve processors from carrying out their own investigations
and tests. The agreed contractual quality of the product at the time of transfer of risk is based solely on the
data in the specification data sheet. Any descriptions, drawings, photographs, data, proportions, weights,
etc. given in this publication may change without prior information. It is the responsibility of the recipient of
our product to ensure that any proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are observed.

Edition: February 2012  TI/ED 339e

This data sheet will be rendered invalid if it is superseded by a later version.

= Registered trademark of BASF SE

www.basf.de/dispersions

Page 2 of 2
Provisional specification data sheet

Page: 1/2
BASF Specification data sheet
Date / Revised: 2009/05/29 Version: 1.0
Product: Micronal* DS 5039 X
(30473458/SPV_GEN_P/EN)
Date of print 29.05.2009

1. Substance/preparation and company identification

Micronal* DS 5039 X
BASF SE
Regional Business Unit Dispersions for Adhesives & Construction Europe
67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
www.basf.de/en/dispersionen

2. Characterization

Aqueous dispersion based on: polymethyl methacrylate, highly crosslinked, paraffin mixture,
microencapsulated

3. Specified tests

Property Test method (parameter) Value

Solid content DIN EN ISO 3251 41 - 43 %

pH value DIN ISO 976 7.5 - 8.5

Viscosity, dynamic DIN EN ISO 3219 (23 C) 200 - 600 mPa.s

4. Handling and storage

Storage stability:
6 Months at 10 - 30 C
 Page: 2/2
BASF Specification data sheet
Date / Revised: 2009/05/29 Version: 1.0
Product: Micronal* DS 5039 X
(30473458/SPV_GEN_P/EN)
Date of print 29.05.2009

Further information on storage conditions:

Store protected against freezing.

To avoid problems during storage (impact of microorganisms) we recommend the stabilization with
biocides.
The product should not come into contact with exposed iron or non-ferrous metal during storage or
processing.
Keep container tightly sealed.
The headspace of bulk storage tanks must be kept saturated with water vapour.

Vertical lines in the left hand margin indicate an amendment from the previous version.

The data contained in this publication are based on our current knowledge and experience. In view of
the many factors that may affect processing and application of our product, these data do not relieve
processors from carrying out their own investigations and tests; neither do these data imply any
guarantee of certain properties, nor the suitability of the product for a specific purpose. Any descriptions,
drawings, photographs, data, proportions, weights etc. given herein may change without prior
information and do not constitute the agreed contractual quality of the product. It is the responsibility of
the recipient of our products to ensure that any proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are
observed.

This product specification was issued automatically and is not signed.

Provisional specification data sheet

Page: 1/2
BASF Specification data sheet
Date / Revised: 2010/01/22 Version: 1.1
Product: Micronal* DS 5040 X
(30473436/SPV_GEN_P/EN)
Date of print 22.01.2010

1. Substance/preparation and company identification

Micronal* DS 5040 X
BASF SE
Regional Business Unit Dispersions for Adhesives & Construction Europe
67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
www.basf.de/en/dispersionen

2. Characterization

Powder based on: polymethyl methacrylate, highly crosslinked, paraffin mixture, microencapsulated

3. Specified tests

Property Test method (parameter) Value

Solid content DIN EN ISO 3251 97 - 100 %

Bulk density DIN ISO 697 250 - 350 kg/m3

Water content DIN 51777 <= 3.0 %

4. Handling and Storage

Storage stability:
12 Months
This product should be processed as soon as possible.
Avoid higher temperature or compression stress. Through this an agglomeration can occur.
 Page: 2/2
BASF Specification data sheet
Date / Revised: 2010/01/22 Version: 1.1
Product: Micronal* DS 5040 X
(30473436/SPV_GEN_P/EN)
Date of print 22.01.2010

Further information on storage conditions:

Keep container tightly closed and dry.
Keep in a cool place.
Protect from direct sunlight.

Vertical lines in the left hand margin indicate an amendment from the previous version.

The data contained in this publication are based on our current knowledge and experience. In view of
the many factors that may affect processing and application of our product, these data do not relieve
processors from carrying out their own investigations and tests; neither do these data imply any
guarantee of certain properties, nor the suitability of the product for a specific purpose. Any descriptions,
drawings, photographs, data, proportions, weights etc. given herein may change without prior
information and do not constitute the agreed contractual quality of the product. It is the responsibility of
the recipient of our products to ensure that any proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are
observed.

This product specification was issued automatically and is not signed.