Application of DVR to Protect Steel Industry
Loads from Power Quality Problems
M.R.V.Murali 1 Aswani Kumar Eedara 2
1,2&3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
SASI Institute of Technology and Engineering
Tadepalligudem,India
Abstract-- This paper presents the application of Dynamic
Voltage Restorer in a distribution network with steel industry
load. In industries like the steel industry induction furnace is one
of the common types of load. Induction furnace is one of the
sensitive device which is vulnerable with power quality problem,
it make the major loss for industry. This paper discusses
designing of induction furnace in Matlab/Simulink. Voltage sag
and swell are the major power quality problem, which are
eliminated by using one of custom power devices, is Dynamic
voltage restorer .This paper presents protection of induction
furnace from power quality problems by Dynamic voltage
restorer & THD. In this paper a novel hysteresis voltage control
for a DVR is proposed to improve the Power Quality (PQ). The
proposed scheme has been verified through various simulations
in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Finally, results showing
that DVR protect the steel industry load from voltage sag and
swell.
Index Terms-- DVR, Induction furnace, Power Quality, Voltage
Sag, Voltage Swell, MATLAB/SIMULINK.
I. INTRODUCTION
N ow days power quality is crucial problem to the
companies which are operated highly competitive
business environment, because it affects profit in terms of
time and money. They always need good power quality. In
steel plant induction furnace is major load which is consists
power electronic devices which are very sensitive for power
quality problems like voltage sag, swell, harmonics and
flickers [1]. Voltage sag and swell is considering the major
disturbances from all power quality problems [2].
At any instant of time voltage sags can occur, with
amplitudes ranging from 10 90% for short period (half a
cycle to one minute). An increase in rms voltage or current
short period (0.5 cycles to 1 min) at the power frequency is
called voltage swell [7]. Typical magnitudes are between 1.1
and 1.9p.u. In common distribution voltage swells are less
compared to voltage sags. Voltage sag & swell can cause
sensitive equipment (such as chemical plants or found in
semiconductor) to fail, or closed down, as well as create a
large current imbalance that could blow fuses or circuit
breakers [3]. These effects can be very fancy for the customer,
ranging from minor power quality variations to production
equipment downtime and damage [7].
Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is the most
popular power electronic based device to mitigate voltage sag
[8-10]. This power electronic converter-based compensator is
978-1-4799-4103-2/14/$31.002014 IEEE
A.Srinivas3
connected in series with the distribution feeder between the
supply & the loads. Its main function is to mitigate any supply
voltage disturbance, especially voltage sag, by injecting a
voltage with the required magnitude and phase shift in order to
restore the load voltage to its rated value.
The performance of a DVR with the HFL (High
Frequency Link) transformer is discussed in [13]. In this
paper, the control and performance of a DVR are
demonstrated with a reduced rating VSC (Voltage Source
Converter). The SRF (Synchronous Reference Frame) theory
is used for the control of the DVR.
In this paper consider what problems power quality
problems in steel plant are and explain compensation of Power
Quality problems with DVR by using hysteresis voltage
control.
II. INDUCTION FURNACE
A. Working of Induction Furnace
An induction furnace is one of the electrical furnace in which
the heat is applied by induction heating of metal [2]. One of
the most economic ways of producing steel is made through
the use of induction furnaces. Solenoid coil produces heat in
induction furnace by use of alternating current [3]. Induction
furnaces are used in scrap metal industry. An induction
furnace works by the process of electromagnetic induction.
During induction, a magnetic field creates in metal when AC
current is passed through it, metal introduces in it, an electric
current passes through metal & causes it to heat. Induction
furnaces are two types. The first one is coreless and the second
one is called channel. The coreless induction furnace has a
steel protecting cover on copper coils and special cooling
water is circulating in magnetic shield. Difficult to melt
materials and layer of refractory is placed above the coils and
heated to the desired temperature. A melting pot made of heat
resistant material for crucible, is above refractory. Inside the
crucible metal is placed for the melting and the
electromagnetic charge produces heat to melts the scrap.
Another name for channel induction furnace is core induction
furnace. Except the addition of heated core, all it functions
nearly equal to coreless furnace. Channel furnaces were useful
for melting of low melt temperature metals.
B. Simulink model of the induction furnace
For the simulation of the Induction furnace first of all we
have to consider the system voltage, transformer type,

transformer secondary voltage and furnace operating voltage.
Here in this paper to simulate the induction furnace we will take
supply voltage of 415V, and it step up to 700V, after that the
rectifier is put for secondary winding to get DC conversion. Here
the rectification is done by the bridge rectifier circuit. The output
of rectifier are connected in series and obtained high level of DC
voltage. This DC is controlled by the gate pulses of the thyristors
of bridge. The gate pulses are generated with the help of discrete
6-pulse generator for bridge. The filter coil with mutual
inductance is put in series which DC link and then it is connected
to the inverter circuit. Here the DC is converted in to the single
phase AC supply. But this supply has higher level of current. This
AC supply is given to the furnace model made by the
combination of the basic components like capacitor, inductor and
resistance in proper meaner. Fig.1 shows induction furnace used
in steel industry.
Fig. 1 induction furnace
III. DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER
To maintain a constant voltage across a sensitive load,
Dynamic voltage restorer is to be connected in series with
load. The DVR reside of: an injection / series transformer, a
harmonic filter, Voltage Source Converter (VSC), energy
storage and a control system. The main function of a DVR is
the protection of induction furnace from voltage sags/swells
coming from the circuit. Therefore as shown in Fig.2, the
DVR is located on approach of induction furnace. Therefore
as shown in Fig.2, the DVR is located on approach of
induction furnace.
DVR injects series voltage VDVR and compensates load
voltage to pre-fault value, when a fault occurs or any non
linear load connected with other line.
2
Non Linear
Load
Step down FAULT
Transformer
SUPPLY
Induction
Zs Furnace
Injecting
Transformer
LC Filter
INVERTER
DC
PWM generator Controller
Fig.2 Schematic Diagram of DVR Configuration
The magnitudes of the injected voltages are regulated such as
to compensate any detrimental effect of a fault to the load
voltage VL. This means in AC feeder transient disturbances
cause any spike voltages will be eliminated by equivalent
voltage generated by an corresponding voltage generated by
the converter and through the inject transformer. The DVR
works autonomously of the type of fault or any event that
happens in the source side, provided that the whole system
remains connected to the supply grid, i.e. the line circuit
breaker doesn't trip. For most practical cases, a more
economical design can be achieved by only compensating the
positive and negative sequence components of the voltage
disturbance seen at the input of the DVR. This option is
feasible because for a typical distribution bus configuration,
Disturbance in zero sequence part will not pass through the
step down transformer because of infinite impedance for this
component.
Generally, the DVR has several operating states.
1) When a voltage sag/swell occurs on the line, the DVR
responds by injecting three single-phase voltages in
synchronism with the network voltages. Each phase of the
injected voltages can be controlled independently or together
in magnitude and phase. The DVR draws active power from
batteries and supplies this together with reactive power to the
load.
2) When the voltage supply is operating under normal
conditions, the DVR operates in a standby mode if the battery
is fully charged; or the DVR operates in the self-charging
control mode if the batteries need to be recharged.
3) In the event of a fault or short circuit downstream, the DVR
(specifically, the VSI) must be protected against over current
flowing through the power semiconductor switches. The rating
of the DVR inverters is the limiting factor for normal load
current seen in the primary windings and reflected in the
secondary windings of the series insertion transformer. For
line currents exceeding the inverter rating, a bypass scheme is
incorporated to protect the power electronics.
Fig.3 show the equivalent circuit of DVR when the source
voltages is drop or increase, the DVR injects a series voltage
Vinj through the injection transformer so that the desired load
 3

voltages magnitude VL can maintained. Mathematical (4)

expressed the injection satisfies (5)
Reference DVR voltages in abc frame are obtained from a
reverse Parks transformation taking VDd from (4), VDq from
(5), VD0* as zero as,

DVR voltages (VDvra, VDvrb, VDvrc) are used in a Hysteresis

voltage control controller to generate gating pulses to a VSC
Fig.3 Equivalent circuit of DVR of DVR.

(1) V. MODELING AND SIMULATION

Where VL is load voltage, VS is supply voltage& is the
voltage injected The DVR test system consists of three phase supply,
injecting transformer, and induction furnace, and Non linear
(2) load (rectified connected resistance) show in fig.3 is modeled
in MATAB/SIMULINK environment along with SPS (Sim-
Power System) toolbox and is shown in Fig.5. Parameters of
IV. CONTROL PHILOSOPHY the considered system for the simulation study are given in
Appendix.
Fig.4 shows control method for the DVR & also
There is different type of controller available, for modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK. A Hysteresis controller is
designing of DVR hysteresis voltage controller is consider for used over the reference and sensed induction furnace voltages
inverter switching. Fig. 4 shows a control block of the DVR in to generate the gating signals for the IGBTs of the VSC of the
which SRF theory is used for reference signal estimation. First DVR.
consider per unit value of induction furnace load and load
voltages are converted to the rotating reference frame using VI. PERFORMANCE OF DVR SYSTEM
abc-dqo conversion using Parks transformation with unit
vectors (sin , cos ) derived using a PLL (phase locked
loop) as, The performance of the DVR to protect induction
furnace is demonstrated for different supply voltage
Vqref disturbances such as voltage sag, swell and Harmonics.
Vdref
A. Fault analysis
Vload
abc
dqo dq0
abc In test system fault is created on parallel non linear
load in order to create the voltage sag on induction furnace
0 form 0.1 to 0.2 sec. Fig.6 shows that due to the fault voltage
sag is create on source and non linear load. But particular
instant of time DVR is eliminates sag on induction furnace by
injecting proper instant of voltage. And also injects missing
Hysteresis voltages which differ from reference sinusoidal voltages. In
Band
Fig.6 and Fig.7 shows Matlab simulation results of per unit
line voltages of non linear load, injected DVR, induction
Fig.4 Control block of the DVR which uses the SRF method of control France and grid voltage at 3phase to ground fault and double
line to ground fault occurs on non linear load.

(3)

Consider reference value of Vdref, Vqref Then, the DVR

voltages are obtained in the rotating reference frame as,
 4

Fig.5 A MATLAB/SIMULINK model of Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) with induction furnace
Distortion of induction furnace voltage is around
7.22% without DVR and without any fault. Fig.8 shows
%THD of induction furnace. Fig.9 shows % THD of
induction with DVR with fault. After compensation of fault
with DVR %THD is 0.77.

A. Effects of Total Harmonic Distortion

From the results of FFT analysis, Total Harmonic

Fig.6 line voltages of (a) non linear load, (b) DVR, (c) induction
furnace,(d) grid (Three phase to ground fault)

Fig.7 line voltages of (a) non linear load, (b) DVR, (c) induction
furnace,

(d) grid (Double line to ground fault)
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the modeling and simulation of induction
furnace & DVR Hysteresis controller has been developed
using Matlab/Simulink. For Hysteresis controller, the
simulation result shows that the DVR compensates the sag
quickly, reduces THD levels and provides excellent voltage
regulation.
Fig.8 %THD of induction without DVR
Fig.9 %THD of induction furnace with DVR
DVR handles all types, balanced and unbalanced fault and
injects the appropriate voltage component to correct any fault
situation occurred in the supply voltage to keep the induction
furnace voltage balanced and constant at the nominal value.
However, other several factors that can affect the performance
of DVR need to be addressed for enhancement of the output
voltage. These factors are the energy storage capacity and
transformer rating. From the simulation, it clearly shows the
importance of these two factors and how they affect the
5
performance of DVR. Therefore, when it comes to
implementation, it is crucial to consider these factors, so that
the performance of DVR is optimized.
APPENDIX
Operating voltage: 3, 415V, 50Hz.
Non linear load: 3 uncontrolled bridge rectifier with
R=200
Lb=1mH, Rc=0.2 Cf=20
Injection Transformer: 1:10, r1= r2= 0.00001 pu, x1=x2=
0.0003 pu
Step down Transformer: 11KV /415V, r1= r2= 0.0003 pu,
L1=L2= 0.001p.u
Induction furnace f=123Hz, 700V
Mutual induction Li=100mH
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M.R.V.MURALI was born in
Kakinada, India, in 1991. He received
his B.Tech. Degree from Sri Sai Aditya
institute of Science and Technology,
Surampalem, India, in 2012 and his
M.E. degree in Power System
Engineering from Thiagarajar college of
Engineering, Madurai, India, in 2014.
He is working as Assistant Professor in
EEE Department, SASI institute of
Technology and Engineering,
Tadepalligudem. His research interests include Power
Electronics, Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)
devices and Custom Power Devices.
A.SRINIVAS He was born in Annavaram, India, in 1989. He
received his B.Tech. Degree from Pydah College of
Engineering and Technology, Visakhapatnam, India, in 2010
and his M.Tech. degree in Power
Electronics and Electrical Drives
from Gudlavalleru college of
Engineering, Gudlavalleru, India, in
2014. He is working as Assistant
Professor in EEE Department, SASI
institute of Technology and
Engineering, Tadepalligudem. His
research interests include Power
Electronics and Electrical drives and Flexible AC
Transmission System (FACTS) devices.

Aswani Kumar Eedara received the

B.Tech. degree in Electrical and
Electronics Engineering from the
JNTU college of Engineering
Hyderabad, India in 2005 and the
M.E. degree in Power Systems from
the University College of
Engineering Osmania university
Hyderabad in 2008. He worked as
Project Trainee at General Electric-consumer and Industrial
Hyderabad for one year. He has been on the faculty of SASI
Institute of Technology and Engineering at Tadepalligudem as
an Assistant Professor in Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Since 2008.He has been working as
Head of the Department of E.E.E. since MAY 2012. He is
presently doing his research in the area of Power Electronics
applications in Power systems at JNTU Kakinada. His areas of
interest are Wind Energy Conversion Systems, Electric
Vehicles, Modeling & simulation Tools, FACTS Controllers,
Evolutionary algorithms.