AN1556

Blood Pressure Meter Design Using Microchips Analog

Devices and PIC24F Microcontrollers

Author: Zhang Feng,

Microchip Technology Inc.

INTRODUCTION
A Blood Pressure Meter (BPM) is a non-invasive
device used to measure blood pressure. This
application note demonstrates the implementation of a
digital blood pressure meter using Microchips
MCP6N16 instrumentation amplifier and a
PIC24FJ128GC010 microcontroller.

FIGURE 1: BLOCK DIAGRAM

Power Supply 5/6V
Battery AAA 1.5V x 4 Voltage
Regulator 3.3V VDD
USB 5V 500mA MCP1802
Microcontroller
PIC24FJ128GC010
Analog Signal Conditioning
ADC1

Instrumentation OPA1
Air Pump Control Pressure Sensor Internal Op-Amp ADC2
Amplifier
High-pass Filter
MCP6N16
Measurement Solenoid Valve
Control
DAC
CTMU
I/O

PWM 1

LCD LCD Driver

User Interface Buzzer PWM2

Touch Pads CTMU I/Os

Debugging PICkit Serial UART

Wi-Fi Module
RN171
Communication SPI/UART
Bluetooth
Module RN42

Data Logging Computer USB

2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00001556B-page 1

AN1556
ANALOG FRONT-END SIGNAL
CONDITIONING CIRCUIT
DESCRIPTION
As shown in Figure 1, the MCP6N16-100 single
Instrumentation Amplifier (INA) is used to condition the
analog signal acquired from the Wheatstone bridge
type of air pressure sensor. The overall INA gain is set
at 101 V/V. The output signal of the MCP6N16 is split
into two paths. One path, representing the cuff
pressure, is connected to the ADC1 channel of the
microcontroller. Another path is passed through a 2-
pole active high-pass filter with cutoff frequencies of
0.48Hz and 4.8Hz, and a gain of 92. The high-pass
filter is formed by one of the microcontrollers internal
operational amplifiers. The output of the high-pass
filter, representing the oscillation signal, is sent to the
ADC2 channel of the microcontroller.
PIC24FJ128GC010
MICROCONTROLLER
The microcontroller provides a 12-bit high-speed
pipeline Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The cuff
pressure signal and the oscillation signal are both
sampled at 250 Hz by the 12-bit ADC.
As described in the previous section, the demo system
uses one of the microcontrollers internal operational
amplifiers to build the analog high-pass filter. It also
utilizes one of the internal 10-bit Digital-to-Analog
Converters (DAC) with buffered output voltage to
provide an adjustable DC offset level as the bias for the
operational amplifier.
Microchips mTouch sensing solution is implemented
in the firmware for the capacitive touch pads utilizing
the microcontrollers Charge Time Measurement Unit
(CTMU). Meanwhile, the air pressure sensor requires a
stable supply current of 100 uA DC, which is also
provided by the CTMU.
The demo system utilizes the microcontrollers Pulse-
Width Modulation (PWM) module to drive the air
pumps motor in fast or slow speed mode. The noise
generated by a running motor can interfere with the
pressure measurement while inflating. The circuit
design, firmware and Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
layout are intended to reduce the motor noise.
The results for blood pressure and pulse rate can be
sent to a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) panel, USB
interface and wireless interface. The microcontroller
has an integrated LCD controller that generates the
data and timing control required to directly drive a static
or multiplexed LCD panel. The demo system utilizes
the microcontrollers USB On-The-Go interface for data
communication as well as the 5V main power source.
For wireless communication, the microcontrollers SPI
or UART port connects to a Microchip RN42 Bluetooth
module or an RN171 Wi-Fi module. A real-time clock
DS00001556B-page 2
is also displayed on the LCD panel by using the
microcontrollers Real-Time Clock and Calendar
module that can operate in Deep Sleep mode.
POWER SUPPLY
The main input power is supplied by either four 1.5V
AAA alkaline batteries or the USBs VBus line. The
MCP1802 LDO converts the 5V or 6V main input
voltage to 3.3V VDD.
SPECIAL FEATURES
A 2-pass moving average filter with a cutoff frequency
of 3.5 Hz is implemented in the firmware. It filters the
raw ADC samples acquired from each ADC channel.
This demo system uses a custom algorithm for blood
pressure calculation that was developed based upon
published academic papers available in the public
domain (see Appendix D: References).
MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY
A digital blood pressure meter measures systolic and
diastolic pressures by oscillometric detection.
Microchips digital blood pressure meter demo can
measure blood pressure and pulse rate during inflation.
The Measurement While Inflating (MWI) principle
reduces overall measuring time, which in turn reduces
discomfort caused by the pressure in the cuff.
After the motor pumps the pressure up to 30 mmHg in
fast mode, the motor changes to slow mode gradually
and linearly inflating the cuff. When the pressure in the
cuff gets high enough to just begin constricting the flow
of blood, the arterial pulse becomes detectable by the
pressure sensor. At this point, the waveform captured
from the ADC2 channel (the output of the analog high-
pass filter) starts to show the onset of the blood
pressure oscillation signal (see Figure 2). The
oscillation signal is then filtered by a 2-pass moving
average filter. The Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is the
cuff pressure which corresponds to the maximum
oscillation signal. Based on the custom algorithm for
blood pressure calculation, the Systolic Pressure
(SYS) and the Diastolic Pressure (DIA) can be
determined using the MAP value and a lookup table of
empirical formulas (see Figure 3). The inflation process
is automatically terminated when the pressure reaches
a specified value. The Pulse Rate (PR) can be
calculated based on ADC sample rate and sample
numbers obtained in multiple consecutive pulses.
2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc.
 AN1556
FIGURE 2: RAW ADC DATA OF THE OSCILLATION SIGNAL ACQUIRED FROM THE ADC2 AT
250 SAMPLES/SECOND

FIGURE 3: THE PLOT OF ADC DATA FOR DIGITALLY FILTERED OSCILLATION SIGNAL AND
CUFF PRESSURE SIGNAL

2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00001556B-page 3

AN1556
PROGRAM FLOWCHART
Figure 4 shows the firmware process flow.

FIGURE 4: FIRMWARE PROCESS FLOWCHART

Start

Initialization
Main Loop

Checking Push
Buttons
Start Button Pressed

Inflating Cuff

Enable ADC sample list 1

interrupt for taking ADC
samples from CH1 and
CH2 channels

Processing ADC data

Release Air

Calculating blood pressure

and pulse rate

Display Result

DS00001556B-page 4 2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN1556
APPENDIX A: BPM DEMO BOARD
This appendix shows the BPM demo board.

FIGURE 5: BPM DEMO BOARD

2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00001556B-page 5

AN1556
APPENDIX B: SCHEMATICS
This appendix shows the Blood Pressure Meter
schematics.

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DS00001556B-page 6 2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN1556
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2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00001556B-page 7

AN1556
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DS00001556B-page 8 2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN1556
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2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00001556B-page 9

AN1556
APPENDIX C: WARNINGS, APPENDIX D: REFERENCES
RESTRICTIONS AND Wang Wei-Wei, Pu Bao-Ming, He Bao-Yue, Li Sheng-
DISCLAIMER Jin. Design and Realization of Electronic
Sphygmomanometer Based on Inflation Measurement.
This demo is intended solely for evaluation and
Journal of Computer Systems & Applications,
development purposes. It is not intended for medical
2012,21(2):150-153,97.
diagnostic use.

DS00001556B-page 10 2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc.

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Tel: 317-773-8323 Fax: 86-24-2334-2393 Fax: 65-6334-8850
Fax: 317-773-5453 China - Shenzhen Taiwan - Hsin Chu
Tel: 86-755-8864-2200 Tel: 886-3-5778-366
Los Angeles
Fax: 86-755-8203-1760 Fax: 886-3-5770-955
Mission Viejo, CA
Tel: 949-462-9523 China - Wuhan Taiwan - Kaohsiung
Fax: 949-462-9608 Tel: 86-27-5980-5300 Tel: 886-7-213-7828
Fax: 86-27-5980-5118 Taiwan - Taipei
New York, NY
Tel: 631-435-6000 China - Xian Tel: 886-2-2508-8600
Tel: 86-29-8833-7252 Fax: 886-2-2508-0102
San Jose, CA
Tel: 408-735-9110 Fax: 86-29-8833-7256 Thailand - Bangkok
Tel: 66-2-694-1351
Canada - Toronto
Tel: 905-673-0699 Fax: 66-2-694-1350
Fax: 905-673-6509
01/27/15

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