Design of Composite Girder

Calculation for Design of Super-Structure of Road Over Bridge
Proposed Road Over Bridge at km :32/400-500 Near

Existing ROB 77A POOTHOLE ROB
Client :
SOUTHERN RAILWAY
Contractor :
OMEGA CONSTRUCTIONS, UPPILIPALAYAM,
COIMBATORE.
Consultant:
TERRENUS CONSULTING, TRIVANDRUM.
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE

OFFICER (CONSTRUCTION) ERNAKULAM.
PREPARED
JE/ D
ARUN K S
SSE/ D & D
XEN/P&D/CN/ERS
CHECKED &
APPROVED
DEEPAK
CE/CN/ERS
BENNY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1
2 Design Data .....................................................................................................................................2

2.1 Span Arrangement ....................................................................................................................2
2.2 Design Parameters ...................................................................................................................2
2.3 Girder Parameters ....................................................................................................................2
3 Plate Girder Section .......................................................................................................................3
3.1 Requirement from code ............................................................................................................3
3.2 Property of Main Girder .............................................................................................................4
4 Steel Girder Composite Section ....................................................................................................5
4.1 Slab Load ..................................................................................................................................5
4.2 Super Imposed Dead Load .......................................................................................................6
4.3 Live Load...................................................................................................................................6
5 Capacity of Main Girder .................................................................................................................7
5.1 Moment Capacity ......................................................................................................................7
5.2 Check for Shear ........................................................................................................................9
5.3 Check for Serviceability ............................................................................................................9
5.3.1 Differential Shrinkage .....................................................................................................9
5.3.2 Temperature Analysis .................................................................................................. 10
5.3.3 Check for Stresses ...................................................................................................... 12
6 Design of Stiffeners ..................................................................................................................... 13
7 Design of Shear Connector ........................................................................................................ 15
8 Design of Bolted Splice Connection.......................................................................................... 18

8.1 Flange Splice ......................................................................................................................... 18
8.1.1 Slip Resistance ............................................................................................................ 19
8.1.2 Bearing Capacity of Bolt .............................................................................................. 19
8.2 Web Splice ............................................................................................................................. 20
9 Design of Diaphragm................................................................................................................... 24
9.1 Design of Intermediate Diaphragm ........................................................................................ 24
9.1.1 Check for Tension in Bottom Chord ............................................................................ 24
9.1.2 Check for Compression in Top Chord ......................................................................... 25
9.1.3 Check for Diagonal Members ...................................................................................... 26
9.1.4 HSFG Bolted Connections for Intermediate Diaphragm ............................................. 28
9.2 Design of End Diaphragm For Replacement of Bearing .................................................... 31
9.2.1 Check for Bending ....................................................................................................... 33
9.2.2 Check for Shear ........................................................................................................... 33
9.2.3 Check for Shear Buckling ............................................................................................ 34
9.2.4 Check for Tension in Top Flange ................................................................................ 34
9.2.5 Check for Compression in Bottom Flange ................................................................... 35
9.2.6 Check for Bearing Stiffener ......................................................................................... 36
9.2.7 Design of HSFG Bolted Connection for End Diaphragm ............................................. 37
10 Check for Deflection .................................................................................................................... 40
11 Design of Deck Slab .................................................................................................................... 42
12 Adequacy of Girder at Construction Stage ............................................................................... 46
13 Design of Neoprene Bearing ...................................................................................................... 49

13.1 Wind Load Condition .............................................................................................................. 50
13.2 Check for Translation ............................................................................................................. 51
13.3 Check for Friction ................................................................................................................... 52
13.4 Check for Rotation ................................................................................................................. 52
13.5 Check for Total Shear Stress ................................................................................................. 53
13.6 Check for Bearing Pressure ................................................................................................... 54
Appendix : A Staad Input for DL+SIDL
Appendix : B Staad Input for LL
Appendix : C Staad Input for End Diaphragm
Appendix : D Staad Input for Slab

1 Introduction
This design note pertains design for the Super- Structure of Road Over Bridges. The Super- structure is of
clear span of 30m steel composite girder with zero degree skew.
Page 1 of 83
2 Design Data :
2.10 Span Arrangement

Clear Span of the Girder = 30.000 m
Centre line of Abut to centre line of Abut = 33.260 m As per GAD
Expansion gap = 40 mm
Effective Span of the girder = 31.000 m
Overall length of girder = 32.100 m
Width of the Span = 10.30 m
70R
Number of Lanes = 2 Lanes wheeled
Number of girders in the span = 5 Nos and
Spacing of Girders = 2.200 m Class A
two Lane
Skew angle = 0
Number of Intermediate Diaphragms = 3 Nos
2.20 Design Parameters Ref:

Yield strength of steel used for girders Fy = 250 Mpa IRC 112-2011
Youngs modulus of steel Es = 200,000 Mpa IRC 24-2010
Grade of concrete for the Deck Slab Fck = 40 Mpa IRC 22-2008
Grade of construction steel for slab = Fe 500
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete Ec = 31,623 Mpa
Modular Ratio m = 6.32
Density of Steel = 7.85 t/m3
Density of Concrete = 2.50 t/m3
Density of Green Concrete = 2.60 t/m3
Density of Wearing Coat = 2.50 t/m3
Thickness of Slab in b/n Girders = 220 mm
Clear cover for the slab = 40 mm
Slip resistance for ultimate load g md = 1.25
Partial safety factor against Yield stress
& Buckling gmo = 1.10
2.30 Girder Parameters

Depth of the girder D = 1,691 mm
Top Flange thickness Ttf = 32 mm
Bottom Flange thickness Tbf = 40 mm
Web thickness tw = 16 mm
Width of top flange Btf = 495 mm
Width of bottom flange Bbf = 620 mm
Thickness of the weld in main girder = 8 mm
Page 2 of 83
10.3 m
2.200 m 2.200 m 2.200 m 2.200 m 0.75 m
3 Plate Girder Section
3.10 Requirement from Code Clause 504, IRC 24-2010

1) Minimum overall depth of Girder = (1/25)31.00 = 1.24 m
< 1.69 m Ok
2) Maximum Depth to Thickness ratio for web d/tw 200 e

e = (250 /fy)^0.5 = 1 101 200 Ok
3) Max. projection allowed for the Comp. Flanges b/tf 8.50 e

b/tf = ((495/2)-(16/2))/32 = 7.48 Ok
495
32
8 mm
Yt = 954.1
1,619
1,691
16
C.G.
.
Yb = 736.9
40
X
620
Page 3 of 83
3.20 Property of the Main Girder
Area-A y Iyy = I self
Description Ay "I" Self A ( y - yb )2
cm2 cm + A ( y - yb )2
Top flange 158.4 167.5 26,532 135.2 1,394,096 1,394,231
Web 259.0 85.0 22,005 565,821 32,868 598,689
Bottom flange 248.0 2.0 496 330.7 1,274,434 1,274,765
665.4 49,033 3,267,685
Zt = 34,247 cm 3
Zb = 44,346 cm3
Dead load duly considering 40 % extra for fabrication & diaphragms

= 0.0665 x 7.850 x 1.40
= 0.73 t/m
Bending moment due to dead loads = 0.7331.0031.00/8 = 87.85 tm
Shear force at support = 0.7331.00/2 = 11.34 t
For Input to Staad

Area-A x Ixx = I self
Description Ax "I" Self A ( x - x b )2
cm2 cm + A ( x - x b )2
Top flange 158.4 31.0 4,910 32,343 0 32,343
Web 259.0 31.0 8,030 55 0 55
Bottom flange 248.0 31.0 7,688 79,443 0 79,443
665.4 20,629 111,841
Xb = 31.00
To Calculate Torsional Inertia
Description B, cm D, cm B / D K Izz ( cm4 )
Top flange 50 3.2 15.5 0.333 540

Web 2 161.9 0.01 0.141 94
Bottom flange 62 4.0 15.5 0.333 1321
Total 1955
Tortional Inertia Izz = B D3 * K

K-From Concrete Bridge Design Book by R.E. ROWE
Table 4.03 - Page 75
Values of K - for Torsional Stiffness of rectangular sections.
B / D 1.00 1.20 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 3.00 4.00 5.00 10.00
K 0.14 0.166 0.2 0.213 0.229 0.240 0.25 0.26 0.281 0.291 0.312 0.333
Page 4 of 83
4 Steel Girder Composite Section
2,200
853 495 853
220
495 32
1,911
16
1,619
1,691
620 40
4.10 Slab Load

Load Calculation for the Inner Girder
Area of the Deck Slab = 2,200 x 220 = 484,000 mm2
Load per metre run = 484,0002.50/1000000 = 1.21 t/m
Bending moment due to slab = 1.21 x 31.00 x 31.00 x 0.125

= 145.35 tm
Shear force due to deck slab = 1.21 x 31.00 / 2
= 18.76 tonnes
Load Calculation for the Outer Girder

Area of the Deck Slab = 1,850 x 220 = 407,000 mm2
Bending moment due to slab = 1.02 x 31.00 x 31.00 x 0.125

= 122.23 tm
Shear force due to deck slab = 1.02 x 31.00 / 2
Page 5 of 83
= 15.77 tonnes
4.20 Super-Imposed Dead Load ( To be given input to Staad )
i) Parapet Wall
Size of the Parapet Wall = 200 thk Col. & 100 thk wall - Spacing &
ht. of col. 2m
Load per metre run = (0.20.222.500.5)+(0.1212.50)
= 0.60 t/m
ii) Wearing Coat

Thickness of Wearing coat = 75 mm
iii) Footpath
Footpath Slab load = 1.500.12.4 = 0.36 t/m
Footpath Live load (400-(((4031.000)-300)/9))/100 = 2.96 kN/m2
Width of the Footpath = 1.50 m
Load per metre run = 0.44 t/m
iv) Kerb/Crash Barrier

Area of the crash barrier = 0.31 m2
Load per metre run = 0.312.50 = 0.78 t/m
Outer Inner
Results from Staad
Girder Girder
BM due to Parapet wall, W/C, Kerb, FP slab = 104.7 104.0 tm
Bending Moment due to Footpath LL = 28.3 19.9 tm
SF due to Parapet wall, W/C, Kerb, FP slab = 15.0 12.6 t
Shear Force due to Footpath LL = 4.2 2.2 t
4.30 Live Load :

Cases considered for the analysis
i) Class A two lane Loading
ii) 70R wheeled loading with minimum eccentricity
iii) 70R wheeled loading exactly over the girder
Page 6 of 83
Calculation of Impact Factor
Class A Loading
9
Impact factor I = = 0.20
13.5 + L
70R Wheeled Loading

Impact factor I = 0.20
Absoulte Maximum LL Bending Moment = 231 tm ( Outer Girder )

(Max of the three cases) = 181 tm ( Inner Girder )
Absoulte Maximum LL Shear Force = 24.9 t ( Outer Girder )

(Max of the three cases) = 31.8 t ( Inner Girder )
Summary of Bending moment & Shear force

Moment, tm Shear, t Ultimate
Ultimate
Load Case Load Factor Outer Inner Outer Inner Moment,
Shear, t
Girder Girder Girder Girder tm
Dead Load 1.35 87.85 87.85 11.34 11.34 119 15.30
Slab 1.35 122.23 145.35 15.77 18.76 196 25.32
SIDL 1.35 104.70 104.00 15.00 12.60 141 20.25
Footpath LL 1.50 28.30 19.90 4.23 2.17 42 6.35
LL+ Impact 1.50 277.72 217.61 29.94 38.23 417 57.35
Ultimate Bending moment, Mu = 884 tm

Ultimate Shear Force, Vu = 118 t
5 Capacity of the main Girder
5.10 Moment Capacity

Plastic Moment Capacity as per IRC 22-2008 Table I.1
Moment capacity formulae is based on the position of the NA
Effective width of concrete Slab beff = 2,200 mm

Overall depth of concrete Slab ds = 220 mm
Area of the Steel Beam As = 66,544 mm2
Area of top flange in Steel Beam Af = 15,840 mm2
fy/gm
a =
0.36 fck
Page 7 of 83
= 15.78
beffds = 484,000
aAs = 1,050,253 beffds < aAs > beffds+2aAf
beffds+2aAf = 984,000 NA within Web
Moment Capacity,
Mp = fys[As(dc+0.08ds)-2Af(0.5tf+0.58ds)-tw(Xn-ds-tf)x(Xn+0.16ds+tf)]/gm
Vertical distance b/n centroid of concrete slab and
dc = 1,064 mm
steel beam in composite section.
Average thickness of top flange tf = 32 mm
Thickness of web tw = 16 mm
Width of top flange bf = 495 mm
Depth of NA at the ultimate limit state of flexure,
a(As-2Af)-beffds
Xn = ds + tf + = 256.24 mm
2atw
Moment Capacity, Mp = 250(66,544(1,064+0.08220)-

215,840(0.532+0.58220)-16(383-220-
32)(383+0.16220+32))/1.1
= 15,111,120,188 Nmm
= 1,511 tm > 884 tm Safe
Page 8 of 83
Top Flange - Check for limiting Projection
Limiting Value as per IRC 22-2008 Table 3
Outstanding element of compression flange = b/tf = 8.4 e
Outstanding width of the flange b = (495/2)-(16/2)

= 240 mm
Thickness of the flange tf = 32 mm
b/tf = 7.48
e = (250/fy)^0.5
= 1.00
8.4 e = 8.40 > 7.48
Flange is Plastic
5.20 Check for Shear

Design shear strength of the member Vd = Vn
gmo
Nominal plastic shear resistance Vn = Avfyw

3
Shear Area Av = 1,61916
= 25,904 mm2
Yield strength of web fyw = 250 Mpa
Nominal plastic shear resistance Vn = 25,904250/1.732/10000

= 374 t
Design shear strength of the member Vd = 374/1.1
= 340 t
> 118 t Safe
5.30 Check for Serviceability
5.31 Differential Shrinkage
Differential Shrinkage Strain = 0.00019

Area of Concrete = 484,000 mm2
Reduction factor for creep = 0.50
For long term effect Ec can be considered as 0.4 times E ( BS 5400)

Ec = 0.40 x 31,623
Page 9 of 83
= 12,649 Mpa
I zz = 5,468,655 cm 4
Z top = 96,699 cm3

Z bot = 48,590 cm3
Z top of slab = 69,617 cm3
Force due to differential shrinkage = 0.00019 x 4,840 x 1,264,911
= 116,321 kg
Eccentricity of the force = 78.55 - 22.00
= 56.55 cm
Direct stress due to force = 116,321 / 1,048
= 111 kg / cm 2
Tensile stress in top slab = 116,321 / 4,840

= 24 kg / cm2
Bending stresses -
Top of slab = 116,321 x 57 / 69,617
= 94 kg / cm2
Top of beam = 116,321 x 56.55 / 96,699

= 68 kg / cm 2
Bottom of beam = 116,321 x 56.55 / 48,590

= 135 kg / cm 2
Resultant stress -
Top of slab = -24 + 7.47 + 8.77
= -7.79 kg / cm 2
Bottom of slab = -24 + 5.38 + 8.77

= -9.88 kg / cm 2
Top of beam = 111 + 68

= 179 kg / cm 2
Bottom of beam = 111 + -135

= -24 kg / cm2
5.32 Temperature Analysis
As per IRC 6-2010 the temperature variation will be in the range of 4.4 to 0 deg
Let us assume the maximum variation as 4.4 deg
Page 10 of 83
Variation in temperature, t = 4.4 degree
Coeff of thermal exp. of concrete a = 0.000012
Modulus of elasticity = 31,623 Mpa
Area of concrete Ac = 484,000 mm2
Strain in concrete = axt = 0.0000515
Uniform tensile stress induced in deck slab = axtxE
= 1.628 Mpa
I zz = 5,468,655 cm4
Z top = 96,699 cm3
Z bot = 48,590 cm3
Z top of slab = 69,617 cm3
Force due to temperature difference = a x t x E x Ac

= 1.628 x 484,000
= 78,792 kg
Eccentricity of the force = 78.55 - 22

= 56.55 cm
Direct stress due to force = 78,792 / 1,048
= 75.17 kg / cm2
Tensile stress in top slab = 78,792 / 4,840
= 16.28 kg / cm2
Bending stresses -
Top of slab = 78,792 x 56.55 / 69,617
= 64.01 kg / cm2
Top of beam = 78,792 x 56.55 / 96,699

= 46.08 kg / cm2
Bottom of beam = 78,792 x 56.55 / 48,590

= 91.71 kg / cm2
Resultant stress -
Top of slab = -16.28 + 5.06 + 5.94
Page 11 of 83
= -5.28 kg / cm2
Bottom of slab = -16.28 + 3.64 + 5.94

= -6.69 kg / cm 2
Top of beam = 75.17 + 46.08

= 121.25 kg / cm2
Bottom of beam = 75.17 + -91.71

= -16.54 kg / cm2
5.33 Check for Stresses
Mid span
Stresses in kg / cm2
S.No Description Bending
Moment in Top of Top of Bot of
Bot of slab
tm slab beam beam
I section properties
1 Self weight of I girder 87.85 - - 257 -198

Permissible stresses 2,175 -2,175
Safe Safe
2 Self weight of green concrete 261.42 - - 763 -589
with construction LL 1,020 -788
2,175 -2,175
Composite section properties Safe Safe
2a Self weight of Slab 145.35 16.51 11.88 150.31 -299.14

3 Super imposed dead load 133.00 15.10 10.87 137.54 -273.72
Live load - 70R single lane -
4 217.61 28.39 18.06 114.25 -387.76
wheeled vehicle
5 Differential shrinkage -7.79 -9.88 179.00 -24.42
Final stress with out temperature 52.21 30.94 837.61 -1,183.14
Permissible stresses 132.00 132.00 2,175.00 -2,175.00

Safe Safe Safe Safe
6 Stresses due to temperature -5.28 -6.69 121.25 -16.54
Final stress with temperature 46.93 24.24 958.86 -1,199.67
Permissible stresses 132.00 132.00 2,175.00 -2,175.00

Safe Safe Safe Safe
Page 12 of 83
6 Design of Stiffeners
Intermediate transverse Web Stiffeners :

As per Cl. 509.7.2 of IRC : 24-2010
12 thk
120
1,569
50
Thickness of the stiffener plate = 12 mm

Projection of the stiffener plate = 120 mm
Spacing of the stiffener c = 1,800 mm
c/d < 2
Second moment of area Is = 1.5 d3tw3

c2
= (1.51,619^316^3)/(1,800^2)
= 8,047,236 mm4
" I " provided at the face of the web = (12(1202)^3)/12
= 13,824,000 mm4
> 8,047,236 mm4
Ok
Page 13 of 83
Resistance to Shear Buckling -Stiffened Web Panels
(Clause 509.5 - IRC:24-2010)
Shear force corresponding to web buckling, Vcr = Avtb
Shear stress web buckling tb is determined based on the web slenderness ratio lw
Web slenderness ratio lw = (fyw/3(tcr,e))
Elastic critical shear stress of the web tcr,e = Kvp2E

12(1-m2)(d/tw)2
Spacing of the transverse stiffener c = 1,800 mm

Depth of the Web d = 1,619 mm
c/d = 1.11
4
Shear buckling coefficient Kv = 5.35 +
(c/d)2
= 8.59
Modulus of elasticity of steel E = 200,000 N/mm2
Poisson's ratio m = 0.3
Elastic critical shear stress of the web tcr,e = 151.4 N/mm2
Web slenderness ratio lw = 0.98
Shear stress corresponding to web buckling lw > 0.8

fyw
tb = [1 - 0.8 ( lw - 0.8)]
3
= 124.0 N/mm 2
Shear force corresponding to web buckling, Vcr = 25,904124.0

= 3,211,553 N
Design shear strength of the member Vd = Vcr
gmo
= (3,211,553/1.1)/10000
= 292 t
> 118 t Safe
Page 14 of 83
7 Design of Shear Connector
As per Clause 606.4.1 - IRC 22-2008
Longitudinal shear per unit length VL = V Acc Y

I
For Short Term Loading

Modular ratio m = Es/Ec
m = 2,00,000/(31,623)
= 6.32
Effective equivalent width of steel = 2,200 / 6.32 = 348 mm

348
220
495 32
605
1,911
1,691
1,619
16
1,306
620 40 x
Page 15 of 83
Property of the above Composite Section:
cm2 cm + A ( y - yb )2
Top flange 158.4 167.5 26,532 135.2 215,482 215,617
Web 259.0 85.0 22,005 565,821 540,219 1,106,040
Bottom flange 248.0 2.0 496 330.7 4,102,492 4,102,823
Slab 765.6 180.1 137,885 30,879 1,874,631 1,905,510
1,431.0 186,918 7,329,990
Zts = 121,191 cm 3
Top of Slab
Ztg = 190,473 cm 3
Top of Girder
Zb = 56,118 cm 3
The vertical shear force due to FPLL+LL+Impact

V = 60.60 t
Transformed compressive area of concrete above the NA

Acc = 765.60 cm2
C.G. distance of transformed concrete area from NA

Y = 49.48 cm
Moment of Inertia of the composite section using modular ratio

I = 7,329,990 cm4
Longitudinal shear per unit length VL1 = 60.60765.6049.48/7,329,990
= 0.31 t/cm
For Long Term Loading
Modular ratio m = Es/kEc
k = 0.50
Creep factor as per clause 604.3, IRC 22
m = 2,00,000/(0.5031,623)
= 12.65
Effective equivalent width of steel = 2,200 / 12.65 = 174 mm
Page 16 of 83
174
220
495 32
786
1,911
1,691
1,619
16
1,125
620 40 x
Property of the above Composite Section:

cm2 cm + A ( y - yb )2
Top flange 158.4 167.5 26,532 0.0 478,350 478,350
Web 259.0 85.0 22,005 0 197,276 197,276
Bottom flange 248.0 2.0 496 0.0 3,030,690 3,030,690
Slab 382.8 180.1 68,942 15,440 1,746,899 1,762,339
1,048.2 117,976 5,468,655
Zts = 69,617 cm3 Top of Slab
Ztg = 96,699 cm3 Top of Girder
Zb = 48,590 cm 3
The vertical shear force due to SIDL

V = 60.87 t
Transformed compressive area of concrete above the NA

Acc = 382.80 cm2
C.G. distance of transformed concrete area from NA

Y = 67.55 cm
Moment of Inertia of the composite section using modular ratio

I = 5,468,655 cm4
Page 17 of 83
Longitudinal shear per unit length VL2 = 60.87382.8067.55/5,468,655
= 0.29 t/cm
Longitudinal shear per unit length VL = VL1+VL2

= 0.60 t/cm
= 601.1 N/mm
Spacing of the shear connector S = Qu L

H
Ultimate strength of shear connector Qu = 45 (h+0.5h1)L fck
Max thickness of the flange at the face of web

ISMC 100 h = 7.50 mm
Thickness of the web of shear connector
h1 = 4.70 mm
Length of the shear connector L = 200 mm
Ultimate strength per shear connector Qu = 45(7.50+0.54.70)200(40)^0.5

= 560,672 N
Spacing of the shear connector S = 560,672/601.1
= 932.80 mm
Provide spacing of the shear connector 300 mm Safe
8 Design of Bolted Splice Connection
HSFG Bolted splice is provided at a distance 3.65 m

from the centreline of the girder
Ultimate moment at 3.65 m from centre line = 827 tm

Ultimate Shear at 3.65 m from centre line = 50 t
8.10 Flange Splice

Force in the flanges = 827101000/1,691
= 4,893 kN
Page 18 of 83
8.11 Slip Resistance
Slip resistance per bolt Vsf = mf ne kh Fo
As per IS 800-2007 clause 10.4.3 g md
Coefficient of friction mf = 0.50 ( For sand blasted surface)

Number of effectice interface
ne = 2
offering frictional resistance to slip
For fasteners in clearance holes kh = 1
Minimum bolt tension Fo = Anb fo
Assuming M 20 grade 10.9 HSFG in double shear

Net area of bolt at threads Anb = 245.00 mm2
fo = 0.7 fub
Characteristic ultimate tensile strength of bolt
fub = 1,040 N/mm2
Slip resistance per bolt Vsf = (0.5021245.000.71,040/1.25)

= 142,688 N
8.12 Bearing Capacity of Bolt

Bearing resistance per bolt Vdbp = 2.5 kb d t fu
As per IS 800-2007 clause 10.3.4 g mb
Nominal diameter of bolt do = 20 mm
Edge distance of the bolt e = 55 mm
Pitch distance of fastener in bearing dtn. P = 70 mm
Ultimate tensile stress of plate fu = 400 N/mm2
g mb = 1.25
Kb is smaller of
0.92 , 0.92 , 2.60 , 1.00

Kb = 0.92
Summation of the thickness of
t = 32 mm
the connected plates
Bearing resistance per bolt Vdbp = 2.50.922032400/1.25
= 469,333 N
Hence the Bolt Value = 142,688 N
Page 19 of 83
Use 7 rows of 4 bolts at pitch of 70 mm for bottom flange
Net area of the Bottom flange = (620-4(20+2))(40+32)+((2282)-

4(20+2))(32)
= 53,536 mm2
0.9 An.fu
Flange Capacity =
gm1
= 0.953,536400/1.25
= 15,418,368 N
> 4,892,963 N Safe
8.20 Web Splice
Slip resistance = 142,688 N
Thickness of the web splice plate = 12 mm

Bearing resistance per bolt = 2.5(70/(320))2012400/1.25
= 224,000 N
Provide 12 nos of bolts of 140 mm vertical and horizontal pitch and

in 2 rows 70 mm edge distance
Moment at the connection M = P.e

= (50((140/2)+70))/1000
= 7.0 tm
Horizontal shear force due to that moment = Mr

r2
r = (((140/2)^2)+((((12/4)-1)140)+(140/2))^2)^0.5 = 357 mm
r1 = (((140/2)^2)+((((12/4)-1)140)+(140/2))^2)^0.5 = 356.93 mm
r2 = (((140/2)^2)+((((12/4)-2)140)+(140/2))^2)^0.5 = 221.36 mm
r3 = (((140/2)^2)+((((12/4)-3)140)+(140/2))^2)^0.5 = 98.99 mm
Page 20 of 83
r2 = 4((356.93^2)+(221.36^2)+(98.99^2))
= 744,800 mm2
Horizontal force due to that moment = 7.010000357/744,800

= 33.34 kN
Force due to pure shear = 5010/12

= 41.4 kN
Resultant force = (33.34^2+41.4^2)^0.5

= 53.2
< 143 kN Safe
(Bolt Value)
Bolted Splice connection
496 x 1,050 x 25
Top Flange
70 95 Cover Plate
220 x 1,050 x 25
840 x 560 x 12
20 Cover Plate
282 x 1,050 x 32
Bottom Flange
95 70 620 x 1,050 x 32
Page 21 of 83
Flange Splice
Single Plate of size 1,050 x 496 x 25
95
70
166
60
70 100 55
2 Plates of size 1,050 x 225 x 25
95
70
166
60
70 100 55
Page 22 of 83
Web Splice
140 70
Top Flange
70
5 x 140
Plate Size
840 x 560 x 12
70
Bottom Flange
140 140
As per note in clause 509.4.1.1 IRC 24-2010,

Fastener holes need not be accounted for in plastic design shear strength
Net cross sectional area in shear along the

A
line of transmitting the force vn
( fy / fu ) ( gml / gmo ) Av / 0.9
Avn = (1,619-(12/2)(20+2))16
= 23,792 mm2
Partial safety factor against ultimate stress gml = 1.25
Partial safety factor against Yield stress & Buckling
gmo = 1.10
As per Table I :IRC 24
= 25,904 mm2
( fy / fu ) ( gml / gmo ) Av / 0.9

= (250/400)(1.25/1.10)25,904/0.9
= 20,442
23,792 mm2
Page 23 of 83
9 Design of Diaphragm
9.10 Design of intermediate diaphragm
Length of the member = C / C of main girder = 2.20 m

Spacing of the cross beams = 7.75 m
Axial tension / compression = (2.5/100)(5,227,542/1000)
= 130.69 kN
Factored tension/ compressive force = 130.691.4
= 182.96 kN
Intermediate Diaphragm
2 ISMC 150 Top chord
2 ISMC 100 Bracing
2 ISMC 150 Bottom chord
9.11 Check for tension in Bottom chord
Factored design tension T, in the members shall satisfy

T < Td
Design strength of the member under axial tension

(As per IRC 24 - 2010 Clause 506.1.1)
Ag fy
Td =
gmo
Page 24 of 83
Gross area of cross section Ag = Area of 2 ISMC 150
= 20.882
= 41.76 cm2
Td = ((41.76100250)/1.10)/1000
= 949 kN
> 183 kN Safe
9.12 Check for compression in Top chord
Factored design compressive force T, in the members shall satisfy

P < Pd
Design strength of the member under axial compression
(As per IRC 24 - 2010 Clause 507.1.2)
Pd = Ae fcd
Effective sectional area Ae = 41.76 cm2
Design compressive stress fcd = fy / gmo

f+((f2-l2))0.5
f = 0.5 [1+ a(l - 0.2)+l2]
Imperfection factor a = 0.49 (From Table 3 IRC 24-2010)
Non dimensional eff slenderrness ratio

l = (fy / fcc)
Eulers Buckling stress fcc = p2 E

(KL/r)2
Effective length KL = 0.852.20 = 1.87 m

Radius of gyration ry = Iyy
A
For ISMC 150
Iyy = 102.3 cm4 cyy = 2.2 cm
Gusset plate = 1.6 cm A = 20.9 cm2
Ixx = 779 cm4
Page 25 of 83
Iyy for 2 ISMC 150 = 2102.3+(220.88(2.20+(1.6/2))^2)
= 580.44cm4
ry = (580.44/(220.88))^0.5
= 3.73 cm
Eulers Buckling stress fcc = (3.14^22,00,000)/(((1.871000)/(3.7310))^2)

= 784 Mpa
Non dimensional eff slenderness ratio

l = (250/784)^0.5
= 0.56
f = 0.5(1+(0.49(0.56-0.2))+(0.56^2))
= 0.75
Design compressive stress fcd = (250/1.10)/(0.75+(0.75^2-0.56^2)^0.5)

= 183.20 Mpa
< fy / gmo 227 Mpa Ok
Design strength of the member = 41.76100183.20

= 765 kN
> 183 kN Hence Ok
9.13 Check for the Diagonal Members
R SIN q
R 2 ISMC 100

R cos q
45.9
Factored R = 183 / Sin 45.9 = 255 kN
Page 26 of 83
P < Pd
(As per IRC 24 - 2010 Clause 507.1.2)
Pd = Ae fcd

f+((f2-l2))0.5
f = 0.5 [1+ a(l - 0.2)+l2]

l = (fy / fcc)

(KL/r)2
Effective length KL = (0.85((2.20/2)^2+(1,619/1000)^2)^0.5)

= 1.66 m

A
For ISMC 100
Iyy = 25.9 cm4 cyy = 1.54 cm
Gusset plate = 1.6 cm A = 11.70 cm2
Iyy for 2 ISMC 100 = 225.9+(211.70(1.54+(1.6/2))^2)

= 179.93 cm4
ry = (179.93/(211.70))^0.5
= 2.77 cm
Eulers Buckling stress fcc = (3.14^2200,000)/(((1.661000)/(2.7710))^2)

= 548 Mpa
Page 27 of 83
l = (250/548)^0.5
= 0.68
f = 0.5(1+(0.49(0.68-0.2))+(0.68^2))
= 0.84

= 168.13 Mpa
< fy / gmo 227 Mpa Ok
Design strength of the member = 23.40100168.13

= 393 kN
> 255 kN Hence Ok
9.14 HSFG Bolted Connections for Intermediate Diaphragm
Connections for the Top / Bottom chord members

Thickness of the web tw = 5.40 mm
Factored force acting on 2 ISMC 150 = 183 kN
Force per ISMC = 183/2
= 91 kN

mf ne kh Fo
Slip resistance per bolt =
g md

Number of effective interface
ne = 2

fo = 0.7 fub
fub = 1,040 N/mm2
Page 28 of 83
= 142,688 N

g mb = 1.25
Kb is smaller of
0.83 , 0.83 , 2.60 , 1.00

Kb = 0.83
t = 5.40 mm
= 72,000 N
Use 1 rows of 3 bolts at pitch of 65 mm
Axial force per bolt = 91/(13)

= 30.49 kN
< 72 kN Hence Ok
Use 250 mm wide gusset plate
Thickness of plate required = (182.961000)/(250(250-((20+2)1))/1.10)

= 3.53 mm
Provide 16 mm thick gusset plate
Page 29 of 83
Connections for the Diagonal members
Thickness of the web tw = 4.70 mm

Factored force acting on 2 ISMC 100 = 255 kN
Force per ISMC = 255/2
= 128 kN

mf ne kh Fo
Slip resistance per bolt =
g md

ne = 2

fo = 0.7 fub
fub = 1,040 N/mm2

= 142,688 N

g mb = 1.25
Kb is smaller of
0.83 , 0.83 , 2.60 , 1.00
Page 30 of 83
Kb = 0.83
t = 4.70 mm
= 62,667 N
Use 1 rows of 3 bolts at pitch of 65 mm
Axial force per bolt = 128/(13)

= 43 kN
< 63 kN Hence Ok
Use 250 mm wide gusset plate
Thickness of plate required = (2551000)/(250(250-((20+2)1))/1.10)

= 4.92 mm
Provide 16 mm thick gusset plate
9.20 Design of End Diaphragm - for replacing of bearing
31.80 36.70 39.30 43.80 49.00
Jack locations
Page 31 of 83
300
Selfweight of the main "I" girder 16

= 0.7331.00/2
= 11.34 t
Dead load of the slab = 1.2131.00/2
= 18.76 t (Inner Girder) 1,334
16
Dead load of the slab = 1.0231.00/2
= 15.77 t (Outer Girder)
Super Imposed Dead
Load = 12.60 t 16
(Inner Girder)
Super Imposed Dead 300
Load = 15.00 t (Outer Girder) Section of Diaphragm
Self Weight = (309.4/10000)7.85 = 0.243 t/m
Ultimate moment on the diaphragm = 54.10 x 1.35 = 73.0 t-m

Ultimate Shear force on the diaphragm = 49.30 x 1.35 = 66.6 t
Input for Staad

cm2 cm + A ( y - yb )2
Top flange 48.0 135.8 6,518 10.2 218,700 218,710
Web 213.4 68.3 14,578 316,524 0 316,524
Bottom flange 48.0 0.8 38 10.2 218,700 218,710
309.4 21,135 753,944
Yb = 683.0 mm
For Input to Staad

Area-A x Ixx = I self
Description Ax "I" Self A ( x - x b )2
cm2 cm + A ( x - x b )2
Top flange 48.0 15.0 720 3,600 12,288 15,888
Web 213.4 15.0 3,202 46 54,641 54,686
Bottom flange 48.0 15.0 720 3,600 12,288 15,888
309.4 4,642 86,462
Xb = 15.00
Page 32 of 83
9.21 Check for Bending
Design bending strength of the section Md = b bZpf y
gmo
As per IRC 24-2010 clause 509.2.1.2
bb = 1.0 for plastic sections
Zp = Plastic section modulus of the cross section
= A(y1+y2) y1 = ((30016(16+1,334+(16/2)))+(((1,3
2 34/2)16)(16+(1,334/2))))/((30016
)+(16(1,334/2)))
= 30,944(892+474)/2 = 892 mm
= 21,134,752 mm3 y2 = (((30016(16/2))+(((1,334/2)16)(

16+(1,334/2))))/((30016)+(16(1,33
4/2))))
= 474 mm
A = 30,944 mm2
Design bending strength of the section = (1.021,134,752250/1.10)/1000000

Md = 4,803 kNm
> 730 kNm Hence Ok
9.22 Check for Shear
Design shear strength of the member

Vd = Av fyw
3 gmo
Shear area Av = 1,33416

= 21,344 mm2
Partial safety factor against shear failure gmo = 1.1
Design shear strength of the member

Vd = (21,344250/(1.7321.1))/1000
= 2,801 kN
> 666 kN Hence Ok
Page 33 of 83
9.23 Check Shear Buckling
(Clause 509.5 - IRC:24-2010)
Shear force corresponding to web buckling, Vcr = Avtb
Shear stress web buckling tb is determined based on the web slenderness ratio lw
Web slenderness ratio lw = (fyw/3(tcr,e))
Elastic critical shear stress of the web tcr,e = Kvp2E

12(1-m2)(d/tw)2
Spacing of the transverse stiffener c = 1,100 mm

Depth of the Web d = 1,334 mm
c/d = 0.82
5.35
Shear buckling coefficient Kv = 4.00 +
(c/d)2
= 11.87
Modulus of elasticity of steel E = 200,000 N/mm2
Poisson's ratio m = 0.3
Elastic critical shear stress of the web tcr,e = 308.3 N/mm2
Web slenderness ratio lw = 0.68
Shear stress corresponding to web buckling lw <= 0.8

fyw
tb =
3
= 144.3 N/mm2
Shear force corresponding to web buckling, Vcr = 21,344144.3
= 3,080,741 N
Design shear strength of the member Vd = Vcr
gmo
= (3,080,741/1.10)/10000
= 280 t
> 66.56 t Safe
9.24 Check for the tension in top flange
As per IRC 24-2010 Clause 506.1.1

The tensile strength of the member, Tdg = Agfy/gmo
Page 34 of 83
Factored design tension on the flange = 73.010000000/(1,334+((16+16)/2))
= 541,000 N
Gross area of cross section Ag = 30016
= 4,800 mm2
Partial safety factor for failure in
gmo = 1.1 Table I- IRC 24-2010
tesion by yielding
The tensile strength of the member, Tdg = 4,800250/1.1
= 1,090,909 N
> 541,000 N Safe
9.25 Check for the compression in bottom flange

P < Pd
(As per IRC 24 - 2010 Clause 507.1.2)
Pd = Ae fcd

f+((f2-l2))0.5
f = 0.5 [1+ a(l - 0.2)+l2]

l = (fy / fcc)

(KL/r)2
Effective length KL = 1.10 m

A
Iyy for the I section = (16/10)(300/10)^3/12

= 3,600.00 cm4
Page 35 of 83
ry = (3,600.00/(48.00))^0.5
= 8.66 cm
Eulers Buckling stress fcc = (3.14^22,00,000)/(((1.101000)/(8.6610))^2)

= 12,223 Mpa

l = (250/12,223)^0.5
= 0.14
f = 0.5(1+(0.49(0.14-0.2))+(0.14^2))
= 0.50

= 233.95 Mpa
> fy / gmo 227 Mpa Adopt 227 Mpa
Design strength of the member = 48.00100227.27/1000

= 1,091 kN
> 541 kN Hence Ok
9.26 Check for the Bearing Stiffener
Provided stiffner thickness tw = 16 mm

Width of the stiffener = 150 mm
Spacing of the stiffener c = 1,100 mm
Depth of the stiffener d = 1,334 mm
c/d = 0.82
c/d < 2
Second moment of area Is = 0.75 d tw3
= 0.751,33416^3
= 4,098,048 mm4
" I " provided at the face of the web = (16(1502)^3)/12
= 36,000,000 mm4
> 4,098,048 mm4
Ok
Page 36 of 83
9.27 Design of HSFG Bolted connection for End Diaphragm
Design of Web Splice

Moment in the connection = P.e e = 80 mm
= 66.680/1000
= 5.32 tm
e P
End Diaphragm
Bearing Stiffener
Slip resistance per bolt Vsf = mf ne kh Fo

As per IS 800-2007 clause 10.4.3 g md

ne = 2

fo = 0.7 fub
fub = 1,040 N/mm2

= 136,980 N
Bearing Capacity of Bolt

Page 37 of 83
g mb = 1.25
Kb is smaller of
0.83 , 1.42 , 2.60 , 1.00

Kb = 0.83
t = 16 mm
= 213,333 N
Provide 6 nos of bolts of 100 mm vertical pitch and

in 1 rows 50 mm edge distance
Horizontal shear force due to that moment = Mr

r2
r = (((80)^2)+((((6/2)-1)100)+(100/2))^2)^0.5 = 262 mm
r1 = (((80)^2)+((((6/2)-1)100)+(100/2))^2)^0.5 = 262 mm
r2 = (((80)^2)+((((6/2)-2)100)+(100/2))^2)^0.5 = 170 mm
r3 = (((80)^2)+((((6/2)-3)100)+(100/2))^2)^0.5 = 94 mm
r2 = 4((262^2)+(170^2)+(94^2))
= 426,800 mm2
Horizontal force due to that moment = 5.310000262/426,800

= 32.75 kN
Force due to pure shear = 66.610/6

= 110.9 kN
Resultant force = (32.75^2+110.9^2)^0.5

= 115.7
Page 38 of 83
< 137 kN Safe
(Bolt Value)
As per note in clause 509.4.1.1 IRC 24-2010,

Fastener holes need not be accounted for in plastic design shear strength
Net cross sectional area in shear along the

A
line of transmitting the force vn
( fy / fu ) ( gml / gmo ) Av / 0.9
Avn = (1,334-(6(20+2)))16
= 19,232 mm2
Partial safety factor against ultimate stress gml = 1.25
Partial safety factor against Yield stress & Buckling
gmo = 1.10
As per Table I :IRC 24
= 21,344 mm2
( fy / fu ) ( gml / gmo ) Av / 0.9

= (0/400)(1.25/1.10)2/0.9
= 16,843
19,232 mm2
Check for the adequacy of splice plate
Permissible stress in the plate = fy

As per clause 509.4 , IRC 24-2010 3
= 144 N/mm2
Thickness of the plate = 12 mm

Depth of the plate = 600 mm
Shear area of the splice plate = 7,200 mm2
Shear force on the plate = 66.6 t
Shear stress = 66.610000/7,200

= 92.44 N/mm2
Page 39 of 83
10 Check for Deflection
As per clause 604.3.2 IRC 22-2008
Permissible deflection of a composite girder

under live load and impact = 1
of the span
800
= 39 mm
Permissible deflection of a composite girder

under DL+SIDL+LL(with impact) = 1
of the span
600
= 52 mm
At normal Condition after concrete attains its characteristic compressive strength
i) Deflection due to self weight of Girder
= 5 M L2
48 x E I
= (587.85100001000(31.001000)^2)/(48200,0003,2
67,68510000)
= 13.46 mm
ii) Deflection due to Slab Load

= 5 M L2
48 x E I
= (5145.35100001000(31.001000)^2)/(48200,0005,
468,65510000)
= 13.30 mm
iii) Deflection due to Superimposed Dead Load

= 5 M L2
48 x E I
= (5104.0100001000(31.001000)^2)/(48200,0005,4
68,65510000)
= 9.52 mm
iv) Deflection due to Live Load

= 5 M L2
48 x E I
= (5217.61100001000(31.001000)^2)/(48200,0007,
329,99010000)
Page 40 of 83
= 14.86 mm
v) Deflection due to Footpath Live load

= 5 M L2
48 x E I
= (519.9100001000(31.001000)^2)/(48200,0007,32
9,99010000)
= 1.36 mm
Deflection of a composite girder

under live load and impact = 14.9 mm
< 39 mm

under DL+SIDL+LL(with impact)
( Deflection due to walkway is neglected as per = 51 mm
clause 504.5.3 IRC 24-2010) < 51.7 mm
No Camber required at normal condition
At construction stage
Unit weight of green concrete = 2.6 t/m3

Load per metre run = 484,0002.6/1000000
= 1.26 t/m
Bending moment due to slab at construction stage = 1.2631.0031.00/8
= 151.17 tm
Construction live load, as per IRC 87 = 3.60 kN/m2

Load per metre run = 2,2003.60/10000
= 0.79 t/m
Bending moment due to slab at construction stage = 0.7931.0031.00/8
= 95.14 tm
i) Deflection due to self weight of Girder

= 5 M L2
48 x E I
= (587.85100001000(31.001000)^2)/(48200,0003,2
67,68510000)
= 13.46 mm
Page 41 of 83
ii) Deflection due to green concrete slab
= 5 M L2
48 x E I
= (5151.17100001000(31.001000)^2)/(48200,0003,
267,68510000)
= 23.15 mm
iii) Deflection due to Construction LL

= 5 M L2
48 x E I
= (595.14100001000(31.001000)^2)/(48200,0003,2
67,68510000)
= 14.57 mm

under DL+Slab load+Construction LL
= 51 mm
< 52 mm
No Camber required at normal condition
11 Design Deck Slab
Size of slab panel = 7.75 x 2.20 m
Wearing coat thickness = 75 mm
As the slab is continuous L B

Effective size of panel = 7.92 x 2.37 m
L/B = 3.34 > 2
As the longer span to shorter span ratio is more than 2 ,

the slab moment is calculated by effective Width method
(As per IRC 112-2011, Annexure B-3, Clause B3.2)
As the span of the slab is less,

i) Single axle load 20t of m-type (or)
ii) Double axle load 20t of L-type (or)
iii) 11.4t axle of class A vehicle
shall give the critical moment per unit width of slab.
Page 42 of 83
Single axle - L & M type :
Only one tyre shall be placed at the center of the span of the slab.
Tyre size single axle = 410 x 610 mm
Effective tyre width = 410 - 50
= 360 mm
Dispersed length = (360+2(220+75))
= 950 mm
Tyre size double axle = 860 x 610 mm
Dispersed length = ((860-50)+2(220+75))
= 1400 mm
Impact = 25 %
(for Span upto 5m)
Max.tyre pressure = 5.273 kg/cm2
Load per tyre = 20 / 4

= 5t
Length of contact of individual tyre = (51000/(5.273(360/1

0)))10
= 263 cm
The effective width of slab beff = a.a.(1-(a/lo))+b1

Eq B3.1 IRC 112-2011
Effective span lo = 2.374 m
The distanceof the C.G. of the concentrated load

from the nearer support a = 1.1 m
The breadth of concentration area of the load b1

i.e., the dimension of the tyre or track contact area
over the road surface of the slab in a direction = (263+275)/1000
at right angles to the span plus twice the thickness = 0.413 m
of the wearing coat or surface finish above
the structural slab
Page 43 of 83
b/ lo = 3.34
A constant based on the ratio b/ lo lo, a = 2.6 (frm table B3.2)

(where b is the width of the slab)
The effective width of slab beff = 2.61.1(1-

(1.1/2.374))+0.413
= 1.95
Class A vehicle :
Ground contact area = 250 x 500 mm
Dispersed length = (500+2(220+75))/1000

= 1.09 m
b1 = 0.4 m
The effective width of slab beff = 1.93 m
LL + Impact, DL + SIDL,
Refer Staad files for load distribution
kNm kNm
The maximum bending moment at the support = 10.00 2.70
The maximum bending moment at the midspan = 27.20 2.70
Combination of bending moment = 29.90 kNm
Use M 40 mix concrete and Fe 500 grade steel
Assumed overall depth of slab = 220 mm

Clear cover to reinforcement = 40 mm
Dia of the reinforcement assumed = 12 mm
Effective depth of slab = 174 mm
Permissible stress in concrete in
bending compression scbc = 13.33 Mpa
Modular ratio m = 10
Permissible stress in steel in tension sst = 240 Mpa
Effective depth of slab required d =

M
0.5 scbc k j b
Q = 0.5 scbc k j k = scbc m
= 2.1 scbc m + sst

= 0.357
Page 44 of 83
j = 1 - (k/3)
= 0.881
Effective depth of slab required

d = (29.910^6/(0.513.330.3570.8811000))^0.5
= 119.4 mm
Area of steel required

Ast = M
sst j d
= 29.9010^6/(2400.881174.0)
= 813 mm2
Min. area of the reinforcement = 0.12 % Ag = 209 mm2
Reinforcement to be provided = 813 mm2
Spacing required = 139.0 mm
\ Provide 12 tor @ 100 mm c/c as main steel at top & bottom
= 1130 mm2 > 813 mm2 \ OK
Distributors :
B.M = 0.3 x Con.LL B.M + 0.2 x DL B.M
= 8.7 kNm
Use 10 mm bar eff.depth = 174 - 6 - 5= 163 mm
Area of steel required = 253 mm2
Spacing required = 310 mm
\ Provide 10 tor @ 150 mm c/c as distributors.
= 523.6 mm 2 > 253.0 mm2 \ OK
Design check for cantilever overhang
Length of the overhang = 1.045 m
Page 45 of 83
Dead load due to slab & wearing coat = (220/1000)2.50+(75/1000)
2.50
= 0.738 t/m
Max axle load in the overhang = 10 t
Eff width on which the load acts = 1.2a +b1
a = 1.045 m
b1 = 1.01 m
Eff width on which the load acts beff = 2.26 m
Max axle load on overhang /m = 10/2.26

= 4.42 t/m
Bending moment = 2.81 tm
Effective depth of slab required d =

M
0.5 scbc k j b
d = 116 mm
Area of steel required Ast = M

sst j d
= 765 mm2
\ Provide 10 tor @ 150 mm c/c as main steel at top

+ 10 tor @ 150 mm c/c
= 1046 mm2 > 765 mm2 \ OK
12 Adequacy of the Girder at Construction Stage
Self weight of the main girder = 0.73 t/m

Self weight of the Slab acting on girder = 484,0002.60/1000000
= 1.26 t/m
Shuttering weight 10% = 0.13 t/m
Construction Live oad = 3.60 kN/m2
Page 46 of 83
Load per m run = 0.79 t/m
Bending moment at the mid span

(0.73+1.26+0.13+0.79)31.0031.00/8 = 349 tm
Factored bending moment = 3491.35

= 472 tm
As per IRC 24-2010 clause 509.2.2

Design bending strength M = b bZpfbd
bb = 1.0 for plastic sections
Zp = Plastic section modulus of the cross section

i.e Main I girder
Equal area axis is at 570 mm from the bottom of girder
Zp = A(y1+y2)
2
y1 = ((49532)(1,691-32-570+(320.5))+(16(1,691-32-
570))((1,691-32-570)0.5))/((49532)+(16(1,691-32-570)))
= 812 mm
y2 = ((62040)(570-(400.5))+(16(570-40))((570-
40)0.5))/((62040)+(16(570-40)))
= 477 mm
A = 66,544 mm2
Zp = 66,544(812+477)/2
= 42,877,764 mm3
Design bending compressive fy / gmo

stress coressponding to lateral fbd =
buckling fLT+((fLT2-lLT2))0.5
fLT = 0.5 [1+ aLT(lLT - 0.2)+lLT2]
Page 47 of 83
Imperfection factor aLT = 0.49 (For welded steel section)

lLT = (fy / fcr,b)
Extreme fibre bending compressive stress corresponding to elastic lateral buckling

moment fcr,b based on KL/r & h/tf ratios as shown in table 11 clause 509.2.2.1
Effective length KL = 31.00/4

= 7.75 m

A
Iyy for the I section = 111,841.23 cm4
ry = (111,841.23/665.4)^0.5
= 12.96 cm
KL
= 7.75100/12.96
r
= 59.78
h
= 1,691/32
tf
= 52.84
Bending comp stress fcr,b = 620 Mpa

lLT = (250/620)^0.5
= 0.64
fLT = 0.5(1+0.49(0.64-0.2)+0.64^2)
= 0.81
Design bending compressive fy / gmo

stress coressponding to lateral fbd =
buckling fLT+((fLT2-lLT2))0.5
Page 48 of 83
= (250/1.10)/(0.81+((0.81^2)-(0.64^2))^0.5)
= 173.74 Mpa
Design bending strength M = b bZpfbd

= 1.042,877,764173.74/10000000
= 745 tm
> 472 tm \ OK
13 Design of Neoprene Bearing
Number of bearings = 5
C/C of bearings = 2.20 m
Size of the Bearing = 500 x 300 x 80
4.40
C.L 2.20
2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
Z-of bearing = (22.20^2+24.40^2)/4.40
= 11.00 m
Reaction due to DL of girder = 113 kN

Reaction due to cast-in-situ slab = 188 kN
Reaction due to SIDL = 150 kN
Reaction due to LL with impact = 382 kN
Reaction per bearing-Max. load
Nmax = 833 kN
Minimum load Nmin = 451 kN
Horizontal loads in the direction of breadth of bearing (Hbd) is due to braking effect
= 20% x 180 / 10
= 3.61 t = 36.1 kN
This force is acting above the surface @ 1.2 m
Page 49 of 83
Depth of Girder+Slab = 1.91 m
\ Lever arm = 1.2+1.91+((75+80)/1000)

= 3.27 m
Vert.reaction due to tractive force = 36.13.27/31.00
= 3.80 kN
Hbd @ the bearing = 36.1 kN
Maximum load = 833 + 3.80 = 837 kN

Minimum load = 450.9 = 451 kN
13.10 Wind Load Condition
Proposed road level = 13.165 RL

Existing ground level = 3.72 RL
Height of the Parapet wall = 2.00 m
Height of the structure above ground level = 13.17-3.72+2.00
= 11.45 m
Wind pressure as per table 4 of IRC:6-2000
Wind pressure for the structure ht of 11.45 m = 120.0 Kg/m2
Depth of superstructure resisting the wind
Crash barrier = 2.00 m
Depth of the Superstructure = 1.91 m
Total depth = 3.91 m
Horizontal loads in the direction of length of

bearing (Hld) is due to wind = 120.03.91/1000
= 0.469 t/m
Hld @ the bearing = 0.46931.00/(52)

= 1.455 t = 14.55 kN
Length of bearing lo = 500 mm

Breadth of bearing bo = 300 mm
lo / bo = 1.67 <= 2 \ OK
Thick.of each internal layer of

hi = 8 10 12 16 mm
elastomer
Thickness of steel laminate hs = 3 3 4 6 mm
Thick.of top/bot.outer layer of
he = 4 5 6 6 mm
elastomer
Page 50 of 83
Provided thickness of elastomer hi = 12 mm
Number of internal elastomer layer n = 4 provided
Thick.of top/bot.outer layer of elast he = 6 provided
Side cover c = 6 mm \ OK
Provided thickness of steel laminate hs = 4 mm 6 \ OK
Total elastomer thickness h = n hi + 2 he = 60 mm
Check for the elastomer thickness

h< = bo / 5 = 60 mm
h> = bo / 10 = 30 mm \ OK
Outer dimension ho = h+(n+1)hs = 90 mm

Effective length of brg.(excluding cover) l = lo - (2*c) = 488 mm
Effective width of brg.(excluding cover) b = bo - (2*c) = 288 mm
Effective plan area of brg.(excl.cover) A = 140544 mm 2
Shape factor 12 >= S > 6
S = A
2hi(l+b)
= 140544/(212(488+288))
= 7.55 \ OK
13.20 Check for Translation:(As per cl.916.3.4.)
Elastomer thickness provided should satisfy the following:
gd < = 0.7
where gd = gbd = Dbd/h + tmd
tmd is in Mpa
Total longitudinal strain = 5E-04
(due to creep,temperature&shrinkage)
Longitudinal deformation Dbd1 = 5E-0431.001000/2

= 7.75 mm
Deformation due to PSF Dbd2 = PL/2AE
P = 0 kN Dbd2 = 0100001000/(21,048.210031
,623)
Page 51 of 83
= 0.00 mm
Total longitudinal deformation Dbd = 7.75+0.00

= 7.75 mm
gbd = Dbd/h + Hbd/A = 7.75/60+(36.11000/140544)
gbd = 0.386
gld = Dld/h + Hld/A = 0/60+(14.551000/140544)
gld = 0.104
gd = gbd + gld
2 2
= 0.399 < 0.7

\ OK
13.30 Check for Friction
gd < 0.2+0.1sm
10 >= sm <= 2 Mpa
sm- max = Nmax / A
= 8371000/140544
= 5.96 Mpa \ OK
sm- min = Nmin / A
= 4511000/140544
= 3.21 Mpa \ OK
13.40 Check for Rotation
ad = abd < b.n. abi max
b = sm / 10 = 0.6
abi max = 0.5*sm*hi/(b*s2)
Page 52 of 83
= 0.0037
b.n. abi max = 0.6040.0037
= 0.0087
abd = 400 MmaxL

EI 10-3
B.M (DL+Slab+SDL) = 3372 kNm (No LL case)
Moment of Inertia I (DL+Slab+SDL) = 5468655 cm4
B.M (LL+FPLL) = 2375 kNm (LL case)
Moment of Inertia I (LL+FPLL) = 7329990 cm4
E = 200000 MPa
abd = 4003372(10^6)31.001000/(20000054686
551000010^3)+4002375(10^6)31.00100
0/(20000073299901000010^3)
= 0.0058
< = 0.0087 \ OK
13.50 Check for Total Shear Stress
tc + tg + ta < 5 Mpa
where, tc = 1.5*sm / S
= 1.55.96/7.55
= 1.184 MPa
tg = gd = 0.399 Mpa
ta = 0.5*(b/hi)2 x abi
= 1.054 MPa
\ Total shear stress = 2.637 MPa < 5 MPa

\ OK
Page 53 of 83
13.60 Check for Bearing Pressure
scc = sco x A1/A2

where
sco = the perm.direct comp.stress in concrete at the bearing area of the base
= 7.5 Mpa
A1 = dispersed concentric area which is geometrically similar to the loaded
area A1 and also the largest area that can be contained in the plane
of A1 (max.width of dispersion beyond the loaded area face shall be
limited to twice the height)
= 800 x 600
= 5E+05 mm 2
A2 = loaded area and,

= 500 x 300 = 150000 mm2
A1/A2 = 3.2 > 2 \ OK
scc = 7.5 x 3.20
= 13.42 MPa > 5.96 Mpa \ OK
Page 54 of 83
Appendix: A
STAAD Input for DL+SIDL
STAAD SPACE DXF IMPORT OF INPUT TO STAAD.DXF
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 02-Aug-13
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
193 0.6 -5.98371e-017 7.4125; 203 0 3.82105e-031 9.55;
204 32.2 -2.38152e-015 9.55; 211 0 3.08149e-031 7.35;
212 32.2 -2.38152e-015 7.35; 213 0 2.34193e-031 5.15;
214 32.2 -2.38152e-015 5.15; 215 0 1.60237e-031 2.95;
216 32.2 -2.38152e-015 2.95; 217 0 8.62817e-032 0.75;
218 32.2 -2.38152e-015 0.75; 254 0.6 -5.98371e-017 7.35;
255 0.6 -5.98371e-017 5.15; 256 0.6 -5.98371e-017 2.95;
257 0.6 -5.98371e-017 0.75; 261 0.6 -5.98371e-017 9.55;
263 31.6 -2.32168e-015 9.55; 275 6.595 -7.12062e-016 9.55;
277 4.595 -4.72713e-016 9.55; 278 2.595 -2.33365e-016 9.55;
297 31.6 -2.32168e-015 7.35; 305 6.595 -7.12062e-016 7.35;
307 4.595 -4.72713e-016 7.35; 308 2.595 -2.33365e-016 7.35;
309 31.6 -2.32168e-015 5.15; 317 6.595 -7.12062e-016 5.15;
319 4.595 -4.72713e-016 5.15; 320 2.595 -2.33365e-016 5.15;
321 31.6 -2.32168e-015 2.95; 329 6.595 -7.12062e-016 2.95;
331 4.595 -4.72713e-016 2.95; 332 2.595 -2.33365e-016 2.95;
333 31.6 -2.32168e-015 0.75; 341 6.595 -7.12062e-016 0.75;
343 4.595 -4.72713e-016 0.75; 344 2.595 -2.33365e-016 0.75;
402 23.8475 -2.2147e-015 9.55; 403 23.8475 -2.2147e-015 7.35;
404 23.8475 -2.2147e-015 5.15; 405 23.8475 -2.2147e-015 2.95;
406 23.8475 -2.2147e-015 0.75; 410 16.095 -1.74602e-015 9.55;
411 16.095 -1.74602e-015 7.35; 412 16.095 -1.74602e-015 5.15;
413 16.095 -1.74602e-015 2.95; 414 16.095 -1.74602e-015 0.75;
418 8.35 -8.70989e-016 9.55; 419 8.35 -8.70989e-016 7.35;
420 8.35 -8.70989e-016 5.15; 421 8.35 -8.70989e-016 2.95;
422 8.35 -8.70989e-016 0.75; 425 0 8.62817e-032 0; 426 32.2 -2.38152e-015 0;
427 0.6 -5.98371e-017 0; 428 31.6 -2.32168e-015 0; 435 6.595 -7.12062e-016 0;
436 4.595 -4.72713e-016 0; 437 2.595 -2.33365e-016 0;
438 23.8475 -2.2147e-015 0; 439 16.095 -1.74602e-015 0;
440 8.35 -8.70989e-016 0; 441 0 3.82105e-031 10.3; 442 32.2 -2.38152e-015 10.3;
443 0.6 -5.98371e-017 10.3; 444 31.6 -2.32168e-015 10.3;
450 6.595 -7.12062e-016 10.3; 451 4.595 -4.72713e-016 10.3;
452 2.595 -2.33365e-016 10.3; 453 23.8475 -2.2147e-015 10.3;
Page 55 of 83
454 16.095 -1.74602e-015 10.3; 455 8.35 -8.70989e-016 10.3;
456 8.595 -8.98669e-016 9.55; 457 8.595 -8.98669e-016 10.3;
458 8.595 -8.98669e-016 7.35; 459 8.595 -8.98669e-016 5.15;
460 8.595 -8.98669e-016 2.95; 461 8.595 -8.98669e-016 0.75;
462 8.595 -8.98669e-016 0; 463 10.595 -1.12463e-015 9.55;
464 10.595 -1.12463e-015 10.3; 465 10.595 -1.12463e-015 7.35;
466 10.595 -1.12463e-015 5.15; 467 10.595 -1.12463e-015 2.95;
468 10.595 -1.12463e-015 0.75; 469 10.595 -1.12463e-015 0;
470 12.595 -1.35059e-015 9.55; 471 12.595 -1.35059e-015 10.3;
472 12.595 -1.35059e-015 7.35; 473 12.595 -1.35059e-015 5.15;
474 12.595 -1.35059e-015 2.95; 475 12.595 -1.35059e-015 0.75;
476 12.595 -1.35059e-015 0; 477 14.595 -1.57655e-015 9.55;
478 14.595 -1.57655e-015 10.3; 479 14.595 -1.57655e-015 7.35;
480 14.595 -1.57655e-015 5.15; 481 14.595 -1.57655e-015 2.95;
482 14.595 -1.57655e-015 0.75; 483 14.595 -1.57655e-015 0;
484 16.595 -1.77625e-015 9.55; 485 16.595 -1.77625e-015 10.3;
486 16.595 -1.77625e-015 7.35; 487 16.595 -1.77625e-015 5.15;
488 16.595 -1.77625e-015 2.95; 489 16.595 -1.77625e-015 0.75;
490 16.595 -1.77625e-015 0; 491 18.595 -1.89716e-015 9.55;
492 18.595 -1.89716e-015 10.3; 493 18.595 -1.89716e-015 7.35;
494 18.595 -1.89716e-015 5.15; 495 18.595 -1.89716e-015 2.95;
496 18.595 -1.89716e-015 0.75; 497 18.595 -1.89716e-015 0;
498 20.595 -2.01807e-015 9.55; 499 20.595 -2.01807e-015 10.3;
500 20.595 -2.01807e-015 7.35; 501 20.595 -2.01807e-015 5.15;
502 20.595 -2.01807e-015 2.95; 503 20.595 -2.01807e-015 0.75;
504 20.595 -2.01807e-015 0; 505 22.595 -2.13898e-015 9.55;
506 22.595 -2.13898e-015 10.3; 507 22.595 -2.13898e-015 7.35;
508 22.595 -2.13898e-015 5.15; 509 22.595 -2.13898e-015 2.95;
510 22.595 -2.13898e-015 0.75; 511 22.595 -2.13898e-015 0;
512 24.595 -2.22502e-015 9.55; 513 24.595 -2.22502e-015 10.3;
514 24.595 -2.22502e-015 7.35; 515 24.595 -2.22502e-015 5.15;
516 24.595 -2.22502e-015 2.95; 517 24.595 -2.22502e-015 0.75;
518 24.595 -2.22502e-015 0; 519 26.595 -2.25261e-015 9.55;
520 26.595 -2.25261e-015 10.3; 521 26.595 -2.25261e-015 7.35;
522 26.595 -2.25261e-015 5.15; 523 26.595 -2.25261e-015 2.95;
524 26.595 -2.25261e-015 0.75; 525 26.595 -2.25261e-015 0;
526 28.595 -2.28021e-015 9.55; 527 28.595 -2.28021e-015 10.3;
528 28.595 -2.28021e-015 7.35; 529 28.595 -2.28021e-015 5.15;
530 28.595 -2.28021e-015 2.95; 531 28.595 -2.28021e-015 0.75;
532 28.595 -2.28021e-015 0; 533 30.595 -2.30781e-015 9.55;
534 30.595 -2.30781e-015 10.3; 535 30.595 -2.30781e-015 7.35;
536 30.595 -2.30781e-015 5.15; 537 30.595 -2.30781e-015 2.95;
Page 56 of 83
538 30.595 -2.30781e-015 0.75; 539 30.595 -2.30781e-015 0;
540 0 8.62817e-032 0.25; 541 0.6 -5.98371e-017 0.25;
542 31.6 -2.32168e-015 0.25; 543 32.2 -2.38152e-015 0.25;
544 23.8475 -2.2147e-015 0.25; 545 22.595 -2.13898e-015 0.25;
546 16.095 -1.74602e-015 0.25; 547 14.595 -1.57655e-015 0.25;
548 6.595 -7.12062e-016 0.25; 549 4.595 -4.72713e-016 0.25;
550 2.595 -2.33365e-016 0.25; 551 24.595 -2.22502e-015 0.25;
552 8.35 -8.70989e-016 0.25; 553 8.595 -8.98669e-016 0.25;
554 10.595 -1.12463e-015 0.25; 555 12.595 -1.35059e-015 0.25;
556 16.595 -1.77625e-015 0.25; 557 18.595 -1.89716e-015 0.25;
558 20.595 -2.01807e-015 0.25; 559 26.595 -2.25261e-015 0.25;
560 28.595 -2.28021e-015 0.25; 561 30.595 -2.30781e-015 0.25;
562 0 3.82105e-031 10.15; 563 0.6 -5.98371e-017 10.15;
564 31.6 -2.32168e-015 10.15; 565 32.2 -2.38152e-015 10.15;
566 23.8475 -2.2147e-015 10.15; 567 22.595 -2.13898e-015 10.15;
568 16.095 -1.74602e-015 10.15; 569 14.595 -1.57655e-015 10.15;
570 6.595 -7.12062e-016 10.15; 571 4.595 -4.72713e-016 10.15;
572 2.595 -2.33365e-016 10.15; 573 24.595 -2.22502e-015 10.15;
574 8.35 -8.70989e-016 10.15; 575 8.595 -8.98669e-016 10.15;
576 10.595 -1.12463e-015 10.15; 577 12.595 -1.35059e-015 10.15;
578 16.595 -1.77625e-015 10.15; 579 18.595 -1.89716e-015 10.15;
580 20.595 -2.01807e-015 10.15; 581 26.595 -2.25261e-015 10.15;
582 28.595 -2.28021e-015 10.15; 583 30.595 -2.30781e-015 10.15;
584 0 3.40085e-031 8.3; 585 0.6 -5.98371e-017 8.3; 586 31.6 -2.32168e-015 8.3;
587 32.2 -2.38152e-015 8.3; 588 23.8475 -2.2147e-015 8.3;
589 22.595 -2.13898e-015 8.3; 590 16.095 -1.74602e-015 8.3;
591 14.595 -1.57655e-015 8.3; 592 6.595 -7.12062e-016 8.3;
593 4.595 -4.72713e-016 8.3; 594 2.595 -2.33365e-016 8.3;
595 24.595 -2.22502e-015 8.3; 596 8.35 -8.70989e-016 8.3;
597 8.595 -8.98669e-016 8.3; 598 10.595 -1.12463e-015 8.3;
599 12.595 -1.35059e-015 8.3; 600 16.595 -1.77625e-015 8.3;
601 18.595 -1.89716e-015 8.3; 602 20.595 -2.01807e-015 8.3;
603 26.595 -2.25261e-015 8.3; 604 28.595 -2.28021e-015 8.3;
605 30.595 -2.30781e-015 8.3;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
103 193 585; 104 263 586; 108 203 261; 113 211 254; 114 213 255; 115 215 256;
116 217 257; 119 263 564; 120 261 563; 122 418 574; 123 402 566; 137 254 193;
138 255 254; 139 256 255; 140 257 256; 152 204 565; 153 204 587; 156 214 212;
157 216 214; 158 218 216; 162 263 204; 163 402 505; 166 410 477; 173 275 277;
175 278 277; 176 261 278; 212 203 562; 213 203 584; 216 213 211; 217 215 213;
218 217 215; 222 297 212; 223 403 507; 226 411 479; 233 305 307; 235 308 307;
236 254 308; 237 309 214; 238 404 508; 241 412 480; 248 317 319; 250 320 319;
Page 57 of 83
251 255 320; 252 321 216; 253 405 509; 256 413 481; 263 329 331; 265 332 331;
266 256 332; 267 333 218; 268 406 510; 271 414 482; 278 341 343; 280 344 343;
281 257 344; 316 321 333; 317 309 321; 318 297 309; 332 410 568; 333 410 590;
336 412 411; 337 413 412; 338 414 413; 346 421 422; 347 420 421; 348 419 420;
349 419 596; 356 405 406; 357 404 405; 358 403 404; 359 403 588; 412 275 570;
413 275 592; 416 317 305; 417 329 317; 418 341 329; 422 277 571; 423 277 593;
426 319 307; 427 331 319; 428 343 331; 432 278 572; 433 278 594; 436 320 308;
437 332 320; 438 344 332; 502 317 420; 507 402 512; 508 403 514; 509 404 515;
510 405 516; 511 406 517; 523 418 275; 524 419 305; 526 421 329; 527 422 341;
530 217 540; 531 218 543; 532 257 541; 533 333 542; 540 341 548; 541 343 549;
542 344 550; 543 406 544; 544 414 546; 545 422 552; 546 425 427; 547 428 426;
548 438 511; 551 439 483; 556 435 436; 557 437 436; 558 427 437; 559 438 518;
560 440 435; 576 441 443; 577 444 442; 578 453 506; 581 454 478; 585 450 451;
586 452 451; 587 443 452; 588 453 513; 589 455 450; 590 456 418; 591 457 455;
592 456 575; 593 458 419; 594 456 597; 595 459 420; 596 459 458; 597 460 421;
598 460 459; 599 461 422; 600 461 460; 601 462 440; 602 461 553; 603 463 456;
604 464 457; 605 463 576; 606 465 458; 607 463 598; 608 466 459; 609 466 465;
610 467 460; 611 467 466; 612 468 461; 613 468 467; 614 469 462; 615 468 554;
616 470 463; 617 471 464; 618 470 577; 619 472 465; 620 470 599; 621 473 466;
622 473 472; 623 474 467; 624 474 473; 625 475 468; 626 475 474; 627 476 469;
628 475 555; 629 477 470; 630 478 471; 631 477 569; 632 479 472; 633 477 591;
634 480 473; 635 480 479; 636 481 474; 637 481 480; 638 482 475; 639 482 481;
640 483 476; 641 482 547; 642 484 410; 643 485 454; 644 484 578; 645 486 411;
646 484 600; 647 487 412; 648 487 486; 649 488 413; 650 488 487; 651 489 414;
652 489 488; 653 490 439; 654 489 556; 655 491 484; 656 492 485; 657 491 579;
658 493 486; 659 491 601; 660 494 487; 661 494 493; 662 495 488; 663 495 494;
664 496 489; 665 496 495; 666 497 490; 667 496 557; 668 498 491; 669 499 492;
670 498 580; 671 500 493; 672 498 602; 673 501 494; 674 501 500; 675 502 495;
676 502 501; 677 503 496; 678 503 502; 679 504 497; 680 503 558; 681 505 498;
682 506 499; 683 505 567; 684 507 500; 685 505 589; 686 508 501; 687 508 507;
688 509 502; 689 509 508; 690 510 503; 691 510 509; 692 511 504; 693 510 545;
694 512 519; 695 513 520; 696 512 573; 697 514 521; 698 512 595; 699 515 522;
700 515 514; 701 516 523; 702 516 515; 703 517 524; 704 517 516; 705 518 525;
706 517 551; 707 519 526; 708 520 527; 709 519 581; 710 521 528; 711 519 603;
712 522 529; 713 522 521; 714 523 530; 715 523 522; 716 524 531; 717 524 523;
718 525 532; 719 524 559; 720 526 533; 721 527 534; 722 526 582; 723 528 535;
724 526 604; 725 529 536; 726 529 528; 727 530 537; 728 530 529; 729 531 538;
730 531 530; 731 532 539; 732 531 560; 733 533 263; 734 534 444; 735 533 583;
736 535 297; 737 533 605; 738 536 309; 739 536 535; 740 537 321; 741 537 536;
742 538 333; 743 538 537; 744 539 428; 745 538 561; 746 540 425; 747 541 427;
748 540 541; 749 542 428; 750 543 426; 751 542 543; 752 544 438; 753 545 511;
754 544 545; 755 546 439; 756 547 483; 757 546 547; 758 548 435; 759 549 436;
Page 58 of 83
760 548 549; 761 550 437; 762 550 549; 763 541 550; 764 551 518; 765 544 551;
766 552 440; 767 552 548; 768 553 462; 769 553 552; 770 554 469; 771 554 553;
772 555 476; 773 555 554; 774 547 555; 775 556 490; 776 556 546; 777 557 497;
778 557 556; 779 558 504; 780 558 557; 781 545 558; 782 559 525; 783 551 559;
784 560 532; 785 559 560; 786 561 539; 787 560 561; 788 561 542; 789 562 441;
790 563 443; 791 562 563; 792 564 444; 793 565 442; 794 564 565; 795 566 453;
796 567 506; 797 566 567; 798 568 454; 799 569 478; 800 568 569; 801 570 450;
802 571 451; 803 570 571; 804 572 452; 805 572 571; 806 563 572; 807 573 513;
808 566 573; 809 574 455; 810 574 570; 811 575 457; 812 575 574; 813 576 464;
814 576 575; 815 577 471; 816 577 576; 817 569 577; 818 578 485; 819 578 568;
820 579 492; 821 579 578; 822 580 499; 823 580 579; 824 567 580; 825 581 520;
826 573 581; 827 582 527; 828 581 582; 829 583 534; 830 582 583; 831 583 564;
832 584 211; 833 585 261; 834 584 585; 835 586 297; 836 587 212; 837 586 587;
838 588 402; 839 589 507; 840 588 589; 841 590 411; 842 591 479; 843 590 591;
844 592 305; 845 593 307; 846 592 593; 847 594 308; 848 594 593; 849 585 594;
850 595 514; 851 588 595; 852 596 418; 853 596 592; 854 597 458; 855 597 596;
856 598 465; 857 598 597; 858 599 472; 859 599 598; 860 591 599; 861 600 486;
862 600 590; 863 601 493; 864 601 600; 865 602 500; 866 602 601; 867 589 602;
868 603 521; 869 595 603; 870 604 528; 871 603 604; 872 605 535; 873 604 605;
874 605 586;
START GROUP DEFINITION
MEMBER
_GIRDER 108 113 TO 116 162 175 176 222 235 TO 237 250 TO 252 265 TO 267 280 -
281 502 507 TO 511 523 524 526 527 546 547 557 TO 560 576 577 586 TO 589 -
694 695 697 699 701 703 705 707 708 710 712 714 716 718 720 721 723 725 727 -
729 731 733 734 736 738 740 742 744 748 751 762 763 765 767 783 785 787 788 -
791 794 805 806 808 810 826 828 830 831 834 837 848 849 851 853 869 871 873 -
874
END GROUP DEFINITION
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC STEEL
E 2.05e+008
POISSON 0.3
DENSITY 76.8195
ALPHA 1.2e-005
DAMP 0.03
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.17185e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 23.5616
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
Page 59 of 83
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
108 113 TO 116 162 163 166 173 175 176 222 223 226 233 235 TO 238 241 248 -
250 TO 253 256 263 265 TO 268 271 278 280 281 502 507 TO 511 523 524 526 -
527 590 593 595 597 599 603 606 608 610 612 616 619 621 623 625 629 632 634 -
636 638 642 645 647 649 651 655 658 660 662 664 668 671 673 675 677 681 684 -
686 688 690 694 697 699 701 703 707 710 712 714 716 720 723 725 727 729 733 -
736 738 740 742 PRIS AX 0.06654 IX 2e-005 IY 0.0011 IZ 0.0327
412 413 416 TO 418 422 423 426 TO 428 432 433 436 TO 438 540 TO 542 758 759 -
761 801 802 804 844 845 847 PRIS YD 0.22 ZD 2
592 594 596 598 600 602 605 607 609 611 613 615 618 620 622 624 626 628 631 -
633 635 637 639 641 644 646 648 650 652 654 657 659 661 663 665 667 670 672 -
674 676 678 680 683 685 687 689 691 693 696 698 700 702 704 706 709 711 713 -
715 717 719 722 724 726 728 730 732 735 737 739 741 743 745 753 756 764 768 -
770 772 775 777 779 782 784 786 796 799 807 811 813 815 818 820 822 825 827 -
829 839 842 850 854 856 858 861 863 865 868 870 872 PRIS YD 0.22 ZD 2
122 123 332 333 336 TO 338 346 TO 349 356 TO 359 543 TO 545 752 755 766 795 -
798 809 838 841 852 PRIS AX 0.00835 IX 1e-007 IY 1.2e-005 IZ 0.01805
103 104 137 TO 140 316 TO 318 833 -
835 PRIS AX 0.0307 IX 1e-006 IY 0.0009 IZ 0.0073
152 153 156 TO 158 212 213 216 TO 218 530 531 746 750 789 793 832 -
836 PRIS YD 0.22 ZD 1.6
119 120 532 533 546 TO 548 551 556 TO 560 576 TO 578 581 585 TO 589 591 601 -
604 614 617 627 630 640 643 653 656 666 669 679 682 692 695 705 708 718 721 -
731 734 744 747 TO 749 751 754 757 760 762 763 765 767 769 771 773 774 776 -
778 780 781 783 785 787 788 790 TO 792 794 797 800 803 805 806 808 810 812 -
814 816 817 819 821 823 824 826 828 830 831 834 837 840 843 846 848 849 851 -
853 855 857 859 860 862 864 866 867 869 871 873 874 PRIS YD 0.005 ZD 0.005
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL STEEL MEMB 103 104 108 113 TO 116 122 123 137 TO 140 162 163 166 -
173 175 176 222 223 226 233 235 TO 238 241 248 250 TO 253 256 263 -
265 TO 268 271 278 280 281 316 TO 318 332 333 336 TO 338 346 TO 349 -
356 TO 359 502 507 TO 511 523 524 526 527 543 TO 545 590 593 595 597 599 -
603 606 608 610 612 616 619 621 623 625 629 632 634 636 638 642 645 647 649 -
651 655 658 660 662 664 668 671 673 675 677 681 684 686 688 690 694 697 699 -
701 703 707 710 712 714 716 720 723 725 727 729 733 736 738 740 742 752 755 -
766 795 798 809 833 835 838 841 852
MATERIAL CONCRETE MEMB 119 120 152 153 156 TO 158 212 213 216 TO 218 412 413 -
416 TO 418 422 423 426 TO 428 432 433 436 TO 438 530 TO 533 540 TO 542 546 -
547 TO 548 551 556 TO 560 576 TO 578 581 585 TO 589 591 592 594 596 598 600 -
601 TO 602 604 605 607 609 611 613 TO 615 617 618 620 622 624 626 TO 628 630 -
631 633 635 637 639 TO 641 643 644 646 648 650 652 TO 654 656 657 659 661 -
Page 60 of 83
663 665 TO 667 669 670 672 674 676 678 TO 680 682 683 685 687 689 -
691 TO 693 695 696 698 700 702 704 TO 706 708 709 711 713 715 717 TO 719 -
721 722 724 726 728 730 TO 732 734 735 737 739 741 743 TO 751 753 754 756 -
757 TO 765 767 TO 794 796 797 799 TO 808 810 TO 832 834 836 837 839 840 842 -
843 TO 851 853 TO 874
SUPPORTS
254 TO 257 261 263 297 309 321 333 PINNED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE DEAD LOAD
MEMBER LOAD
108 113 TO 116 162 163 166 173 175 176 222 223 226 233 235 TO 238 241 248 -
250 TO 253 256 263 265 TO 268 271 278 280 281 502 507 TO 511 523 524 526 -
527 590 593 595 597 599 603 606 608 610 612 616 619 621 623 625 629 632 634 -
636 638 642 645 647 649 651 655 658 660 662 664 668 671 673 675 677 681 684 -
686 688 690 694 697 699 701 703 707 710 712 714 716 720 723 725 727 729 733 -
736 738 740 742 UNI GY -7.3
113 TO 115 222 223 226 233 235 TO 238 241 248 250 TO 253 256 263 265 266 502 -
508 TO 510 524 526 593 595 597 606 608 610 619 621 623 632 634 636 645 647 -
649 658 660 662 671 673 675 684 686 688 697 699 701 710 712 714 723 725 727 -
736 738 740 UNI GY -12.1
108 116 162 163 166 173 175 176 267 268 271 278 280 281 507 511 523 527 590 -
599 603 612 616 625 629 638 642 651 655 664 668 677 681 690 694 703 707 716 -
720 729 733 742 UNI GY -10.2
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE SIDL
MEMBER LOAD
791 794 797 800 803 805 806 808 810 812 814 816 817 819 821 823 824 826 828 -
830 831 UNI GY -6
114 115 237 238 241 248 250 TO 253 256 263 265 266 502 509 510 526 595 597 -
608 610 621 623 634 636 647 649 660 662 673 675 686 688 699 701 712 714 725 -
727 738 740 UNI GY -4.1
834 837 840 843 846 848 849 851 853 855 857 859 860 862 864 866 867 869 871 -
873 874 UNI GY -7.8
791 794 797 800 803 805 806 808 810 812 814 816 817 819 821 823 824 826 828 -
830 831 834 837 840 843 846 848 849 851 853 855 857 859 860 862 864 866 867 -
869 871 873 874 UNI GY -1.8
113 137 222 223 226 233 235 236 508 524 593 606 619 632 645 658 671 684 697 -
710 723 736 UNI GY -3.375
116 267 268 271 278 280 281 511 527 599 612 625 638 651 664 677 690 703 716 -
729 742 UNI GY -2.4375
748 751 754 757 760 762 763 765 767 769 771 773 774 776 778 780 781 783 785 -
787 788 UNI GY -10.8
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE Live REDUCIBLE TITLE FP LL
MEMBER LOAD
Page 61 of 83
791 794 797 800 803 805 806 808 810 812 814 816 817 819 821 823 824 826 828 -
830 831 834 837 840 843 846 848 849 851 853 855 857 859 860 862 864 866 867 -
869 871 873 874 UNI GY -2.2
LOAD COMB 4 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 4
1 1.0 2 1.0
1 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL
FINISH
Page 62 of 83
Appendix B:
Staad Input file for LL
DEFINE MOVING LOAD
*Class A
TYPE 100 LOAD 34 34 34 34 57 57 13.5 13.5
DIST 3 3 3 4.3 1.2 3.2 1.1 WID 1.8
*70R
TYPE 200 LOAD 85 85 85 85 60 60 40
DIST 1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 WID 1.93
*2x Class A
LOAD GENERATION 250
TYPE 100 -18.8 0 2.75 XINC 0.2
TYPE 100 -18.8 0 5.75 XINC 0.2
*1x70R
LOAD GENERATION 250
TYPE 200 -13.42 0 4.11 XINC 0.2
*1x70R over the Girder
LOAD GENERATION 250
TYPE 200 -13.42 0 7.412 XINC 0.2
*2x Class A
LOAD GENERATION 250
TYPE 100 -18.8 0 7.65 XINC 0.2
TYPE 100 -18.8 0 4.15 XINC 0.2
*1x70R
LOAD GENERATION 250
TYPE 200 -13.42 0 6.42 XINC 0.2
FINISH
Page 63 of 83
Appendix C
Staad Input file for End Diaphragm

END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
254 0.6 -5.98371e-017 7.35; 255 0.6 -5.98371e-017 5.15;
256 0.6 -5.98371e-017 2.95; 257 0.6 -5.98371e-017 0.75;
261 0.6 -5.98371e-017 9.55; 444 0.6 -5.98371e-017 1.85;
445 0.6 -5.98371e-017 4.05; 446 0.6 -5.98371e-017 6.25;
447 0.6 -5.98371e-017 8.45;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
103 261 447; 138 255 446; 139 256 445; 140 257 444; 533 444 256; 534 445 255;
535 446 254; 536 447 254;
MEMBER
ISOTROPIC STEEL
E 2.05e+008
POISSON 0.3
DENSITY 76.8195
ALPHA 1.2e-005
DAMP 0.03
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.17185e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 23.5616
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
103 138 TO 140 533 TO 536 PRIS AX 0.0307 IX 1e-006 IY 0.0009 IZ 0.0073
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL STEEL ALL
SUPPORTS
444 TO 447 PINNED
Page 64 of 83
MEMBER LOAD
103 138 TO 140 533 TO 536 UNI GY -2.41
JOINT LOAD
257 FY -318
256 FY -367
255 FY -393
254 FY -438
261 FY -490
FINISH
Page 65 of 83
Appendix D
Staad Input file for Slab

END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 -4.23736e-017 -5.98371e-017 0.175; 2 -6.06548e-016 -5.98371e-017 2.505;
3 -1.17072e-015 -5.98371e-017 4.835; 4 -1.7349e-015 -5.98371e-017 7.165;
5 -2.29907e-015 -5.98371e-017 9.495; 6 -2.7487e-015 -5.98371e-017 11.825;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 2 1; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 5; 5 5 6;
MEMBER
ISOTROPIC STEEL
E 2.05e+008
POISSON 0.3
DENSITY 76.8195
ALPHA 1.2e-005
DAMP 0.03
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.17185e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 23.5616
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
1 TO 5 PRIS YD 0.22 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
Page 66 of 83
1 TO 6 PINNED
MEMBER LOAD
1 TO 5 UNI GY -5.5
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE SIDL
MEMBER LOAD
2 TO 4 UNI GY -1.65
1 1.0 2 1.0
FINISH
LOAD 100 AXLE70RL 1
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -48.794 1.4 2.33
2 UNI GY -48.794 0 0.08
1 UNI GY -129.648 1.85 2.33
2 UNI GY -129.648 0 0.53
2 UNI GY -41.001 1 2.01
2 UNI GY -50.493 1.45 2.33
3 UNI GY -50.493 0 0.13
2 UNI GY -50.493 1.45 2.33
3 UNI GY -50.493 0 0.13
2 UNI GY -102.84 1.9 2.33
3 UNI GY -102.84 0 0.58
3 UNI GY -41.562 1.05 2.06
3 UNI GY -54.275 1.5 2.33
4 UNI GY -54.275 0 0.18
LOAD 101 AXLE70RL 2
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -68.825 1.62 2.33
2 UNI GY -68.825 0 0.3
1 UNI GY -62.95 2.07 2.33
2 UNI GY -62.95 0 0.75
2 UNI GY -44.239 1.22 2.23
2 UNI GY -78.411 1.67 2.33
3 UNI GY -78.411 0 0.35
2 UNI GY -78.411 1.67 2.33
Page 67 of 83
3 UNI GY -78.411 0 0.35
2 UNI GY -57.144 2.12 2.33
3 UNI GY -57.144 0 0.8
3 UNI GY -45.296 1.27 2.28
3 UNI GY -91.853 1.72 2.33
4 UNI GY -91.853 0 0.4
LOAD 102 AXLE70RL 3
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -136.981 1.84 2.33
2 UNI GY -136.981 0 0.52
1 UNI GY -47.588 2.29 2.33
2 UNI GY -47.588 0 0.97
2 UNI GY -50.135 1.44 2.33
3 UNI GY -50.135 0 0.12
2 UNI GY -107.193 1.89 2.33
3 UNI GY -107.193 0 0.57
2 UNI GY -107.193 1.89 2.33
3 UNI GY -107.193 0 0.57
3 UNI GY -46.248 0.01 1.02
3 UNI GY -53.402 1.49 2.33
4 UNI GY -53.402 0 0.17
3 UNI GY -88.751 1.94 2.33
4 UNI GY -88.751 0 0.62
LOAD 103 AXLE70RL 4
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -64.3 2.06 2.33
2 UNI GY -64.3 0 0.74
2 UNI GY -42.818 0.18 1.19
2 UNI GY -76.244 1.66 2.33
3 UNI GY -76.244 0 0.34
2 UNI GY -58.194 2.11 2.33
3 UNI GY -58.194 0 0.79
2 UNI GY -58.194 2.11 2.33
3 UNI GY -58.194 0 0.79
3 UNI GY -42.079 0.23 1.24
3 UNI GY -88.751 1.71 2.33
4 UNI GY -88.751 0 0.39
Page 68 of 83
3 UNI GY -53.402 2.16 2.33
4 UNI GY -53.402 0 0.84
LOAD 104 AXLE70RL 5
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -47.877 2.28 2.33
2 UNI GY -47.877 0 0.96
2 UNI GY -40.286 0.4 1.41
2 UNI GY -111.977 1.88 2.33
3 UNI GY -111.977 0 0.56
3 UNI GY -46.502 0 1.01
3 UNI GY -46.502 0 1.01
3 UNI GY -39.945 0.45 1.46
3 UNI GY -91.853 1.93 2.33
4 UNI GY -91.853 0 0.61
4 UNI GY -45.296 0.05 1.06
LOAD 105 AXLE70RL 6
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -42.979 0.17 1.18
2 UNI GY -39.343 0.62 1.63
2 UNI GY -59.295 2.1 2.33
3 UNI GY -59.295 0 0.78
3 UNI GY -42.219 0.22 1.23
3 UNI GY -42.219 0.22 1.23
3 UNI GY -39.322 0.67 1.68
3 UNI GY -54.275 2.15 2.33
4 UNI GY -54.275 0 0.83
4 UNI GY -41.562 0.27 1.28
LOAD 106 AXLE70RL 7
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -40.364 0.39 1.4
2 UNI GY -39.778 0.84 1.85
2 UNI GY -46.763 2.32 2.33
3 UNI GY -46.763 0 1
3 UNI GY -40.007 0.44 1.45
3 UNI GY -40.007 0.44 1.45
3 UNI GY -40.072 0.89 1.9
4 UNI GY -45.525 0.04 1.05
Page 69 of 83
4 UNI GY -39.728 0.49 1.5
LOAD 107 AXLE70RL 8
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -39.356 0.61 1.62
2 UNI GY -41.685 1.06 2.07
3 UNI GY -42.362 0.21 1.22
3 UNI GY -39.321 0.66 1.67
3 UNI GY -39.321 0.66 1.67
3 UNI GY -42.362 1.11 2.12
4 UNI GY -41.685 0.26 1.27
4 UNI GY -39.356 0.71 1.72
LOAD 108 AXLE70RL 9
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -39.728 0.83 1.84
2 UNI GY -45.525 1.28 2.29
3 UNI GY -40.072 0.43 1.44
3 UNI GY -40.007 0.88 1.89
3 UNI GY -40.007 0.88 1.89
3 UNI GY -46.763 1.33 2.33
4 UNI GY -46.763 0 0.01
4 UNI GY -39.778 0.48 1.49
4 UNI GY -40.364 0.93 1.94
LOAD 109 AXLE70RL 10
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -41.562 1.05 2.06
2 UNI GY -54.275 1.5 2.33
3 UNI GY -54.275 0 0.18
3 UNI GY -39.322 0.65 1.66
3 UNI GY -42.219 1.1 2.11
3 UNI GY -42.219 1.1 2.11
3 UNI GY -59.295 1.55 2.33
4 UNI GY -59.295 0 0.23
4 UNI GY -39.343 0.7 1.71
4 UNI GY -42.979 1.15 2.16
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -45.296 1.27 2.28
Page 70 of 83
2 UNI GY -91.853 1.72 2.33
3 UNI GY -91.853 0 0.4
3 UNI GY -39.945 0.87 1.88
3 UNI GY -46.502 1.32 2.33
3 UNI GY -46.502 1.32 2.33
3 UNI GY -46.502 1.32 2.33
3 UNI GY -46.502 1.32 2.33
3 UNI GY -111.977 1.77 2.33
4 UNI GY -111.977 0 0.45
4 UNI GY -40.286 0.92 1.93
4 UNI GY -47.877 1.37 2.33
5 UNI GY -47.877 0 0.05
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -53.402 1.49 2.33
3 UNI GY -53.402 0 0.17
2 UNI GY -88.751 1.94 2.33
3 UNI GY -88.751 0 0.62
3 UNI GY -42.079 1.09 2.1
3 UNI GY -58.194 1.54 2.33
4 UNI GY -58.194 0 0.22
3 UNI GY -58.194 1.54 2.33
4 UNI GY -58.194 0 0.22
3 UNI GY -76.244 1.99 2.33
4 UNI GY -76.244 0 0.67
4 UNI GY -42.818 1.14 2.15
4 UNI GY -64.3 1.59 2.33
5 UNI GY -64.3 0 0.27
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -88.751 1.71 2.33
3 UNI GY -88.751 0 0.39
2 UNI GY -53.402 2.16 2.33
3 UNI GY -53.402 0 0.84
3 UNI GY -46.248 1.31 2.32
3 UNI GY -107.193 1.76 2.33
4 UNI GY -107.193 0 0.44
Page 71 of 83
3 UNI GY -107.193 1.76 2.33
4 UNI GY -107.193 0 0.44
3 UNI GY -50.135 2.21 2.33
4 UNI GY -50.135 0 0.89
4 UNI GY -47.588 1.36 2.33
5 UNI GY -47.588 0 0.04
4 UNI GY -136.981 1.81 2.33
5 UNI GY -136.981 0 0.49
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -91.853 1.93 2.33
3 UNI GY -91.853 0 0.61
3 UNI GY -45.296 0.05 1.06
3 UNI GY -57.144 1.53 2.33
4 UNI GY -57.144 0 0.21
3 UNI GY -78.411 1.98 2.33
4 UNI GY -78.411 0 0.66
3 UNI GY -78.411 1.98 2.33
4 UNI GY -78.411 0 0.66
4 UNI GY -44.239 0.1 1.11
4 UNI GY -62.95 1.58 2.33
5 UNI GY -62.95 0 0.26
4 UNI GY -68.825 2.03 2.33
5 UNI GY -68.825 0 0.71
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -54.275 2.15 2.33
3 UNI GY -54.275 0 0.83
3 UNI GY -41.562 0.27 1.28
3 UNI GY -102.84 1.75 2.33
4 UNI GY -102.84 0 0.43
3 UNI GY -50.493 2.2 2.33
4 UNI GY -50.493 0 0.88
3 UNI GY -50.493 2.2 2.33
4 UNI GY -50.493 0 0.88
4 UNI GY -41.001 0.32 1.33
4 UNI GY -129.648 1.8 2.33
Page 72 of 83
5 UNI GY -129.648 0 0.48
4 UNI GY -48.794 2.25 2.33
5 UNI GY -48.794 0 0.93
LOAD 200 AXLE70RM 1
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -48.794 1.4 2.33
2 UNI GY -48.794 0 0.08
1 UNI GY -50.676 2.195 2.33
2 UNI GY -50.676 0 0.875
2 UNI GY -39.321 0.655 1.665
2 UNI GY -50.493 1.45 2.33
3 UNI GY -50.493 0 0.13
2 UNI GY -50.493 1.45 2.33
3 UNI GY -50.493 0 0.13
2 UNI GY -48.954 2.245 2.33
3 UNI GY -48.954 0 0.925
3 UNI GY -39.349 0.705 1.715
3 UNI GY -54.275 1.5 2.33
4 UNI GY -54.275 0 0.18
LOAD 201 AXLE70RM 2
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -68.825 1.62 2.33
2 UNI GY -68.825 0 0.3
2 UNI GY -44.542 0.085 1.095
2 UNI GY -39.976 0.875 1.885
2 UNI GY -78.411 1.67 2.33
3 UNI GY -78.411 0 0.35
2 UNI GY -78.411 1.67 2.33
3 UNI GY -78.411 0 0.35
3 UNI GY -43.579 0.135 1.145
3 UNI GY -40.325 0.925 1.935
3 UNI GY -91.853 1.72 2.33
4 UNI GY -91.853 0 0.4
LOAD 202 AXLE70RM 3
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -136.981 1.84 2.33
2 UNI GY -136.981 0 0.52
Page 73 of 83
2 UNI GY -41.16 0.305 1.315
2 UNI GY -42.148 1.095 2.105
2 UNI GY -107.193 1.89 2.33
3 UNI GY -107.193 0 0.57
2 UNI GY -107.193 1.89 2.33
3 UNI GY -107.193 0 0.57
3 UNI GY -40.662 0.355 1.365
3 UNI GY -42.898 1.145 2.155
3 UNI GY -88.751 1.94 2.33
4 UNI GY -88.751 0 0.62
LOAD 203 AXLE70RM 4
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -64.3 2.06 2.33
2 UNI GY -64.3 0 0.74
2 UNI GY -39.577 0.525 1.535
2 UNI GY -46.374 1.315 2.325
2 UNI GY -58.194 2.11 2.33
3 UNI GY -58.194 0 0.79
2 UNI GY -58.194 2.11 2.33
3 UNI GY -58.194 0 0.79
3 UNI GY -39.422 0.575 1.585
3 UNI GY -47.732 1.365 2.33
4 UNI GY -47.732 0 0.045
3 UNI GY -53.402 2.16 2.33
4 UNI GY -53.402 0 0.84
LOAD 204 AXLE70RM 5
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -47.877 2.28 2.33
2 UNI GY -47.877 0 0.96
2 UNI GY -39.422 0.745 1.755
2 UNI GY -57.663 1.535 2.33
3 UNI GY -57.663 0 0.215
3 UNI GY -46.502 0 1.01
3 UNI GY -46.502 0 1.01
3 UNI GY -39.577 0.795 1.805
3 UNI GY -63.616 1.585 2.33
4 UNI GY -63.616 0 0.265
Page 74 of 83
4 UNI GY -45.296 0.05 1.06
LOAD 205 AXLE70RM 6
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -42.979 0.17 1.18
2 UNI GY -40.662 0.965 1.975
2 UNI GY -104.967 1.755 2.33
3 UNI GY -104.967 0 0.435
3 UNI GY -42.219 0.22 1.23
3 UNI GY -42.219 0.22 1.23
3 UNI GY -41.16 1.015 2.025
3 UNI GY -133.206 1.805 2.33
4 UNI GY -133.206 0 0.485
4 UNI GY -41.562 0.27 1.28
LOAD 206 AXLE70RM 7
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -40.364 0.39 1.4
2 UNI GY -43.579 1.185 2.195
2 UNI GY -79.55 1.975 2.33
3 UNI GY -79.55 0 0.655
3 UNI GY -40.007 0.44 1.45
3 UNI GY -40.007 0.44 1.45
3 UNI GY -44.542 1.235 2.245
3 UNI GY -69.657 2.025 2.33
4 UNI GY -69.657 0 0.705
4 UNI GY -39.728 0.49 1.5
LOAD 207 AXLE70RM 8
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -39.356 0.61 1.62
2 UNI GY -48.954 1.405 2.33
3 UNI GY -48.954 0 0.085
2 UNI GY -50.676 2.195 2.33
3 UNI GY -50.676 0 0.875
3 UNI GY -39.321 0.66 1.67
3 UNI GY -39.321 0.66 1.67
3 UNI GY -50.676 1.455 2.33
4 UNI GY -50.676 0 0.135
3 UNI GY -48.954 2.245 2.33
Page 75 of 83
4 UNI GY -48.954 0 0.925
4 UNI GY -39.356 0.71 1.72
LOAD 208 AXLE70RM 9
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -39.728 0.83 1.84
2 UNI GY -69.657 1.625 2.33
3 UNI GY -69.657 0 0.305
3 UNI GY -44.542 0.085 1.095
3 UNI GY -40.007 0.88 1.89
3 UNI GY -40.007 0.88 1.89
3 UNI GY -79.55 1.675 2.33
4 UNI GY -79.55 0 0.355
4 UNI GY -43.579 0.135 1.145
4 UNI GY -40.364 0.93 1.94
LOAD 209 AXLE70RM 10
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -41.562 1.05 2.06
2 UNI GY -133.206 1.845 2.33
3 UNI GY -133.206 0 0.525
3 UNI GY -41.16 0.305 1.315
3 UNI GY -42.219 1.1 2.11
3 UNI GY -42.219 1.1 2.11
3 UNI GY -104.967 1.895 2.33
4 UNI GY -104.967 0 0.575
4 UNI GY -40.662 0.355 1.365
4 UNI GY -42.979 1.15 2.16
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -45.296 1.27 2.28
2 UNI GY -63.616 2.065 2.33
3 UNI GY -63.616 0 0.745
3 UNI GY -39.577 0.525 1.535
3 UNI GY -46.502 1.32 2.33
3 UNI GY -46.502 1.32 2.33
3 UNI GY -46.502 1.32 2.33
3 UNI GY -46.502 1.32 2.33
3 UNI GY -57.663 2.115 2.33
Page 76 of 83
4 UNI GY -57.663 0 0.795
4 UNI GY -39.422 0.575 1.585
4 UNI GY -47.877 1.37 2.33
5 UNI GY -47.877 0 0.05
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -53.402 1.49 2.33
3 UNI GY -53.402 0 0.17
2 UNI GY -47.732 2.285 2.33
3 UNI GY -47.732 0 0.965
3 UNI GY -39.422 0.745 1.755
3 UNI GY -58.194 1.54 2.33
4 UNI GY -58.194 0 0.22
3 UNI GY -58.194 1.54 2.33
4 UNI GY -58.194 0 0.22
4 UNI GY -46.374 0.005 1.015
4 UNI GY -39.577 0.795 1.805
4 UNI GY -64.3 1.59 2.33
5 UNI GY -64.3 0 0.27
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -88.751 1.71 2.33
3 UNI GY -88.751 0 0.39
3 UNI GY -42.898 0.175 1.185
3 UNI GY -40.662 0.965 1.975
3 UNI GY -107.193 1.76 2.33
4 UNI GY -107.193 0 0.44
3 UNI GY -107.193 1.76 2.33
4 UNI GY -107.193 0 0.44
4 UNI GY -42.148 0.225 1.235
4 UNI GY -41.16 1.015 2.025
4 UNI GY -136.981 1.81 2.33
5 UNI GY -136.981 0 0.49
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -91.853 1.93 2.33
3 UNI GY -91.853 0 0.61
Page 77 of 83
3 UNI GY -40.325 0.395 1.405
3 UNI GY -43.579 1.185 2.195
3 UNI GY -78.411 1.98 2.33
4 UNI GY -78.411 0 0.66
3 UNI GY -78.411 1.98 2.33
4 UNI GY -78.411 0 0.66
4 UNI GY -39.976 0.445 1.455
4 UNI GY -44.542 1.235 2.245
4 UNI GY -68.825 2.03 2.33
5 UNI GY -68.825 0 0.71
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -54.275 2.15 2.33
3 UNI GY -54.275 0 0.83
3 UNI GY -39.349 0.615 1.625
3 UNI GY -48.954 1.405 2.33
4 UNI GY -48.954 0 0.085
3 UNI GY -50.493 2.2 2.33
4 UNI GY -50.493 0 0.88
3 UNI GY -50.493 2.2 2.33
4 UNI GY -50.493 0 0.88
4 UNI GY -39.321 0.665 1.675
4 UNI GY -50.676 1.455 2.33
5 UNI GY -50.676 0 0.135
4 UNI GY -48.794 2.25 2.33
5 UNI GY -48.794 0 0.93
LOAD 300 CLASSA 1
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -48.975 0.325 1.475
1 UNI GY -61.719 2.125 2.33
2 UNI GY -61.719 0 0.945
1 UNI GY -61.719 2.125 2.33
2 UNI GY -61.719 0 0.945
2 UNI GY -94.418 1.595 2.33
3 UNI GY -94.418 0 0.415
LOAD 301 CLASSA 2
MEMBER LOAD
Page 78 of 83
1 UNI GY -47.743 0.585 1.735
2 UNI GY -53.189 0.055 1.205
2 UNI GY -53.189 0.055 1.205
2 UNI GY -114.411 1.855 2.33
3 UNI GY -114.411 0 0.675
LOAD 302 CLASSA 3
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -48.889 0.846 1.996
2 UNI GY -49.064 0.316 1.466
2 UNI GY -49.064 0.316 1.466
2 UNI GY -62.326 2.116 2.33
3 UNI GY -62.326 0 0.936
LOAD 303 CLASSA 4
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -52.783 1.106 2.256
2 UNI GY -47.746 0.576 1.726
2 UNI GY -47.746 0.576 1.726
3 UNI GY -53.4 0.046 1.196
LOAD 304 CLASSA 5
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -60.906 1.367 2.33
2 UNI GY -60.906 0 0.187
2 UNI GY -48.807 0.837 1.987
2 UNI GY -48.807 0.837 1.987
3 UNI GY -49.157 0.307 1.457
LOAD 305 CLASSA 6
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -104.081 1.627 2.33
2 UNI GY -104.081 0 0.447
2 UNI GY -52.588 1.097 2.247
2 UNI GY -52.588 1.097 2.247
3 UNI GY -47.752 0.567 1.717
LOAD 306 CLASSA 7
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -102.562 1.888 2.33
2 UNI GY -102.562 0 0.708
2 UNI GY -60.515 1.358 2.33
Page 79 of 83
3 UNI GY -60.515 0 0.178
2 UNI GY -60.515 1.358 2.33
3 UNI GY -60.515 0 0.178
3 UNI GY -48.728 0.828 1.978
LOAD 307 CLASSA 8
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -60.709 2.148 2.33
2 UNI GY -60.709 0 0.968
2 UNI GY -101.092 1.618 2.33
3 UNI GY -101.092 0 0.438
2 UNI GY -101.092 1.618 2.33
3 UNI GY -101.092 0 0.438
3 UNI GY -52.397 1.088 2.238
LOAD 308 CLASSA 9
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -52.685 0.078 1.228
2 UNI GY -105.654 1.878 2.33
3 UNI GY -105.654 0 0.698
2 UNI GY -105.654 1.878 2.33
3 UNI GY -105.654 0 0.698
3 UNI GY -60.133 1.348 2.33
4 UNI GY -60.133 0 0.168
LOAD 309 CLASSA 10
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -48.848 0.339 1.489
2 UNI GY -61.106 2.139 2.33
3 UNI GY -61.106 0 0.959
2 UNI GY -61.106 2.139 2.33
3 UNI GY -61.106 0 0.959
3 UNI GY -98.294 1.609 2.33
4 UNI GY -98.294 0 0.429
LOAD 310 CLASSA 11
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -47.744 0.599 1.749
3 UNI GY -52.883 0.069 1.219
3 UNI GY -52.883 0.069 1.219
3 UNI GY -108.968 1.869 2.33
Page 80 of 83
4 UNI GY -108.968 0 0.689
LOAD 311 CLASSA 12
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -49.019 0.86 2.01
3 UNI GY -48.932 0.33 1.48
3 UNI GY -48.932 0.33 1.48
3 UNI GY -61.512 2.13 2.33
4 UNI GY -61.512 0 0.95
LOAD 312 CLASSA 13
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -53.086 1.12 2.27
3 UNI GY -47.743 0.59 1.74
3 UNI GY -47.743 0.59 1.74
4 UNI GY -53.086 0.06 1.21
LOAD 313 CLASSA 14
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -61.512 1.38 2.33
3 UNI GY -61.512 0 0.2
3 UNI GY -48.932 0.85 2
3 UNI GY -48.932 0.85 2
4 UNI GY -49.019 0.32 1.47
LOAD 314 CLASSA 15
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -108.968 1.641 2.33
3 UNI GY -108.968 0 0.461
3 UNI GY -52.883 1.111 2.261
3 UNI GY -52.883 1.111 2.261
4 UNI GY -47.744 0.581 1.731
LOAD 315 CLASSA 16
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -98.294 1.901 2.33
3 UNI GY -98.294 0 0.721
3 UNI GY -61.106 1.371 2.33
4 UNI GY -61.106 0 0.191
3 UNI GY -61.106 1.371 2.33
4 UNI GY -61.106 0 0.191
4 UNI GY -48.848 0.841 1.991
Page 81 of 83
LOAD 316 CLASSA 17
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -60.133 2.162 2.33
3 UNI GY -60.133 0 0.982
3 UNI GY -105.654 1.632 2.33
4 UNI GY -105.654 0 0.452
3 UNI GY -105.654 1.632 2.33
4 UNI GY -105.654 0 0.452
4 UNI GY -52.685 1.102 2.252
LOAD 317 CLASSA 18
MEMBER LOAD
3 UNI GY -52.397 0.092 1.242
3 UNI GY -101.092 1.892 2.33
4 UNI GY -101.092 0 0.712
3 UNI GY -101.092 1.892 2.33
4 UNI GY -101.092 0 0.712
4 UNI GY -60.709 1.362 2.33
5 UNI GY -60.709 0 0.182
LOAD 318 CLASSA 19
MEMBER LOAD
3 UNI GY -48.728 0.353 1.503
3 UNI GY -60.515 2.153 2.33
4 UNI GY -60.515 0 0.973
3 UNI GY -60.515 2.153 2.33
4 UNI GY -60.515 0 0.973
4 UNI GY -102.562 1.623 2.33
5 UNI GY -102.562 0 0.442
LOAD 319 CLASSA 20
MEMBER LOAD
3 UNI GY -47.752 0.613 1.763
4 UNI GY -52.588 0.083 1.233
4 UNI GY -52.588 0.083 1.233
4 UNI GY -104.081 1.883 2.33
5 UNI GY -104.081 0 0.703
LOAD 320 CLASSA 21
MEMBER LOAD
3 UNI GY -49.157 0.873 2.023
Page 82 of 83
4 UNI GY -48.807 0.343 1.493
4 UNI GY -48.807 0.343 1.493
4 UNI GY -60.906 2.143 2.33
5 UNI GY -60.906 0 0.963
LOAD 321 CLASSA 22
MEMBER LOAD
3 UNI GY -53.4 1.134 2.284
4 UNI GY -47.746 0.604 1.754
4 UNI GY -47.746 0.604 1.754
5 UNI GY -52.783 0.074 1.224
LOAD 322 CLASSA 23
MEMBER LOAD
3 UNI GY -62.326 1.394 2.33
4 UNI GY -62.326 0 0.214
4 UNI GY -49.064 0.864 2.014
4 UNI GY -49.064 0.864 2.014
5 UNI GY -48.889 0.334 1.484
LOAD 323 CLASSA 24
MEMBER LOAD
3 UNI GY -114.411 1.655 2.33
4 UNI GY -114.411 0 0.475
4 UNI GY -53.189 1.125 2.275
4 UNI GY -53.189 1.125 2.275
5 UNI GY -47.743 0.595 1.745
LOAD 324 CLASSA 25
MEMBER LOAD
3 UNI GY -94.418 1.915 2.33
4 UNI GY -94.418 0 0.735
4 UNI GY -61.719 1.385 2.33
5 UNI GY -61.719 0 0.205
4 UNI GY -61.719 1.385 2.33
5 UNI GY -61.719 0 0.205
5 UNI GY -48.975 0.855 2.005
FINISH
Page 83 of 83

Design of Composite Girder

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Design of Composite Girder

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Calculation for Design of Super-Structure of Road Over Bridge

Proposed Road Over Bridge at km :32/400-500 Near

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE

2 Design Data .....................................................................................................................................2

7 Design of Shear Connector ........................................................................................................ 15

8 Design of Bolted Splice Connection.......................................................................................... 18

11 Design of Deck Slab .................................................................................................................... 42

12 Adequacy of Girder at Construction Stage ............................................................................... 46

13 Design of Neoprene Bearing ...................................................................................................... 49

Appendix : A Staad Input for DL+SIDL

Appendix : B Staad Input for LL

Appendix : C Staad Input for End Diaphragm

Appendix : D Staad Input for Slab

2.10 Span Arrangement

2.20 Design Parameters Ref:

2.30 Girder Parameters

2.200 m 2.200 m 2.200 m 2.200 m 0.75 m

3 Plate Girder Section

3.10 Requirement from Code Clause 504, IRC 24-2010

2) Maximum Depth to Thickness ratio for web d/tw 200 e

3) Max. projection allowed for the Comp. Flanges b/tf 8.50 e

Dead load duly considering 40 % extra for fabrication & diaphragms

For Input to Staad

To Calculate Torsional Inertia

Description B, cm D, cm B / D K Izz ( cm4 )

Top flange 50 3.2 15.5 0.333 540

Tortional Inertia Izz = B D3 * K

4.10 Slab Load

Bending moment due to slab = 1.21 x 31.00 x 31.00 x 0.125

Load Calculation for the Outer Girder

Bending moment due to slab = 1.02 x 31.00 x 31.00 x 0.125

4.20 Super-Imposed Dead Load ( To be given input to Staad )

ii) Wearing Coat

iv) Kerb/Crash Barrier

4.30 Live Load :

70R Wheeled Loading

Absoulte Maximum LL Bending Moment = 231 tm ( Outer Girder )

Absoulte Maximum LL Shear Force = 24.9 t ( Outer Girder )

Summary of Bending moment & Shear force

Ultimate Bending moment, Mu = 884 tm

5 Capacity of the main Girder

5.10 Moment Capacity

Effective width of concrete Slab beff = 2,200 mm

Moment Capacity, Mp = 250(66,544(1,064+0.08220)-

Outstanding width of the flange b = (495/2)-(16/2)

5.20 Check for Shear

Nominal plastic shear resistance Vn = Avfyw

Yield strength of web fyw = 250 Mpa

Nominal plastic shear resistance Vn = 25,904250/1.732/10000

5.30 Check for Serviceability

5.31 Differential Shrinkage

Differential Shrinkage Strain = 0.00019

For long term effect Ec can be considered as 0.4 times E ( BS 5400)

Z top = 96,699 cm3

Tensile stress in top slab = 116,321 / 4,840

Top of beam = 116,321 x 56.55 / 96,699

Bottom of beam = 116,321 x 56.55 / 48,590

Bottom of slab = -24 + 5.38 + 8.77

Top of beam = 111 + 68

Bottom of beam = 111 + -135

5.32 Temperature Analysis

Coeff of thermal exp. of concrete a = 0.000012

Modulus of elasticity = 31,623 Mpa

Area of concrete Ac = 484,000 mm2