RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This experiment was conducted in order to differentiate the accuracy of the pressure
measurement device and to perform the calibration of the pressure measurement device. This
experiment was simply just measure the pressure of gas in the tank by using three instruments,
which are manometer, transmitter system and pressure gauge.

Basically, this experiment was divided into two parts, Part A and Part B. Part A was the
measurement of the pressure in the tank and Part B was the calibration experiment. Table 1 until
Table 7 is the table for experiment Part A, while Table 8 and 9 are table for experiment Part B.

In all of the tables in Part A of experiment, there are 9 readings or data, which are A, B,
C, D, E, F, G1, G2 and H. A is the suggested pressure. B is the actual gauge pressure or the
reading that will be given by manometer. C is the reading that will be displayed in the gauge,
placed on the gas tank. D or the gauge reading is the reading that will be displayed using the
transmitter system. Meanwhile E and F is the absolute pressure, and the difference for both of
them is E already shown in the display that measured using transmitter, while F is the reading
that has been calculated by adding atmosphere pressure with the reading given by the
manometer. G1 and G2 is the difference of the reading for actual gauge pressure and the reading
that has been obtained by gauge reader and transmitter system and H is the difference between
the reading of absolute pressure in F and E.

Table 1 Pressure Measurement for 30.00 psig suggested pressure

RUN 1 SET 1 SET 2 SET 3

A Suggested Pressure, psig 30.00 30.00 30.00
B Actual Gauge Pressure, psig 28.90 28.90 28.90
C Gauge Pressure, psig 30.00 30.00 30.00
D Gauge Pressure , psig 28.70 28.70 28.70
E Absolute Pressure, psia 43.40 43.40 43.40
F = B + 14.70 Calculated Absolute Pressure,psia 43.60 43.60 43.60
Gauge At Pressure
G1= | B - C | 1.10 1.10 1.10
Pressure Gauge
Deviation, At Pressure
G2= | B - D | 0.20 0.20 0.20
psig Indicator, P12
H =|FE| Asolute Pressure Deviation, psia 0.20 0.20 0.20
 Based on Table 1, which is table for pressure measurement with the suggested pressure of
30psig. Reading for B is 28.9 psig while the suggested pressure and the pressure read by the
gauge (reading C) is 30 psig. The reading for D, the reading shown in the display that has been
transmitted by the transmitter is 28.7 psig. The difference between the readings given by the
manometer reading and gauge reading is 1.1 psig and the difference between transmitter and
gauge is 1.3 psig.

Table 2 Pressure Measurement for 25.00 psig suggested pressure

RUN 2 SET 1 SET 2 SET 3

A Suggested Pressure, psig 25.00 25.00 25.00
B Actual Gauge Pressure, psig 23.75 23.75 23.75
C Gauge Pressure, psig 25.00 25.00 25.00
D Gauge Pressure , psig 23.70 23.70 23.70
E Absolute Pressure, psia 38.60 38.60 38.60
F = B + 14.70 Calculated Absolute Pressure,psia 38.45 38.45 38.45
Gauge At Pressure
G1= | B - C | 1.25 1.25 1.25
Pressure Gauge
Deviation, At Pressure
G2= | B - D | 0.05 0.05 0.05
psig Indicator, P12
H =|FE| Asolute Pressure Deviation, psia 0.15 0.15 0.15

Table 2 represents the reading data for suggested pressure 25 psig. The reading shown by
manometer was 23.75 psig and the reading shown by the transmitter system is 23.70 psig.
Meanwhile, the reading for absolute pressure shown by the manometer is 38.45 psia and the
reading shown by transmitter system is 38.60 psia. The reading for G 1 and G2 are 1.25 psig and
0.05 psig respectively.
 Table 3 Pressure Measurement for 20.00 psig suggested pressure

RUN 3 SET 1 SET 2 SET 3

A Suggested Pressure, psig 20.00 20.00 20.00
B Actual Gauge Pressure, psig 18.85 18.85 18.85
C Gauge Pressure, psig 20.00 20.00 20.00
D Gauge Pressure , psig 18.70 28.70 28.70
E Absolute Pressure, psia 33.60 33.60 33.60
F = B + 14.70 Calculated Absolute Pressure,psia 33.55 33.55 33.55
Gauge At Pressure
G1= | B - C | 1.15 1.15 1.15
Pressure Gauge
Deviation, At Pressure
G2= | B - D | 0.15 9.85 9.85
psig Indicator, P12
H =|FE| Asolute Pressure Deviation, psia 0.05 0.05 0.05

From Table 3, it can be seen that all of them are the data that has been recorded for
suggested pressure of 20 psig. In that table, the reading from manometer was 18.85 psig and the
reading for transmitter system was 18.70 psig for gauge pressure, while for absolute pressure, the
reading given by manometer was 33.55 psia and the reading given by the transmitter system is
33.60 psia. The G1 reading was 1.15 psig and the G2 reading was 0.15 psig. The difference of the
two absolute pressure reading was 0.05 psia.

Table 4 Pressure Measurement for 15.00 psig suggested pressure

RUN 4 SET 1 SET 2 SET 3

A Suggested Pressure, psig 15.00 15.00 15.00
B Actual Gauge Pressure, psig 13.66 13.66 13.66
C Gauge Pressure, psig 15.00 15.00 15.00
D Gauge Pressure , psig 13.50 13.50 13.50
E Absolute Pressure, psia 28.20 28.20 28.20
F = B + 14.70 Calculated Absolute Pressure,psia 28.36 28.36 28.36
Gauge At Pressure
G1= | B - C | 1.34 1.34 1.34
Pressure Gauge
Deviation, At Pressure
G2= | B - D | 0.16 0.16 0.16
psig Indicator, P12
H =|FE| Asolute Pressure Deviation, psia 0.16 0.16 0.16

Table 4 gives the reading for suggested pressure of 15 psig. The reading for manometer
instrument was obtained at 13.66 psig and the reading for transmitter system was 13.50 psig. The
difference between manometer reading and the suggested pressure is 1.34 psig and the difference
between manometer reading and reading that was obtained by transmitter system is 0.16 psig.
The absolute pressure that was obtained from manometer is 28.36 psia and from transmitter
system is 28.20 and the difference for both of them is 0.16 psia.

Table 5 Pressure Measurement for 10.00 psig suggested pressure

RUN 5 SET 1 SET 2 SET 3

A Suggested Pressure, psig 10.00 10.00 10.00
B Actual Gauge Pressure, psig 8.63 8.63 8.63
C Gauge Pressure, psig 10.00 10.00 10.00
D Gauge Pressure , psig 8.50 8.50 8.50
E Absolute Pressure, psia 23.40 23.40 23.40
F = B + 14.70 Calculated Absolute Pressure,psia 23.33 23.33 23.33
Gauge At Pressure
G1= | B - C | 1.37 1.37 1.37
Pressure Gauge
Deviation, At Pressure
G2= | B - D | 0.13 0.13 0.13
psig Indicator, P12
H =|FE| Asolute Pressure Deviation, psia 0.07 0.07 0.07

Table 5 gives a reading for suggested pressure of 10 psig and the reading that given by
manometer is 8.63 psig, while reading that was given by transmitter system is 8.50 psig. Value of
E and F or the value of absolute pressure given by the manometer and the transmitter system are
23.40 psia and 23.33 psia respectively, and the difference for both of them is 0.07 psia.

Table 6 Pressure Measurement for 5.00 psig suggested pressure

RUN 6 SET 1 SET 2 SET 3

A Suggested Pressure, psig 5.00 5.00 5.00
B Actual Gauge Pressure, psig 3.69 3.69 3.69
C Gauge Pressure, psig 5.00 5.00 5.00
D Gauge Pressure , psig 3.70 3.70 3.70
E Absolute Pressure, psia 18.40 18.40 18.40
F = B + 14.70 Calculated Absolute Pressure,psia 18.39 18.39 18.39
Gauge At Pressure
G1= | B - C | 1.31 1.31 1.31
Pressure Gauge
Deviation, At Pressure
G2= | B - D | 0.01 0.01 0.01
psig Indicator, P12
H =|FE| Asolute Pressure Deviation, psia 0.01 0.01 0.01

Based on the Table 6, it is the reading for 5 psig. The reading given by the manometer is
3.69 psig and reading given by the transmitter system is 3.70 psig. For absolute pressure, the
reading given by the manometer is 18.39 psia and the reading given by the transmitter system is
18.40 psia. The value for G1 is 1.31 psig and value for G 2 is 0.01 psig. The difference between
absolute pressure for manometer and transmitter system is 0.01 psia.

Table 7 Pressure Measurement for 0.00 psig suggested pressure

RUN 7 SET 1 SET 2 SET 3

A Suggested Pressure, psig 0.00 0.00 0.00
B Actual Gauge Pressure, psig 1.00 1.00 1.00
C Gauge Pressure, psig -0.02 -0.02 -0.02
D Gauge Pressure , psig 0.00 0.00 0.00
E Absolute Pressure, psia 14.80 14.80 14.80
F = B + 14.70 Calculated Absolute Pressure,psia 15.7 15.7 15.7
Gauge At Pressure
G1= | B - C | 1.02 1.02 1.02
Pressure Gauge
Deviation, At Pressure
G2= | B - D | 1.00 1.00 1.00
psig Indicator, P12
H =|FE| Asolute Pressure Deviation, psia 0.9 0.9 0.9

From Table 7, it can be seen that all reading are reading for suggested pressure of 0 psig.
In that table, the reading from manometer was 1 psig and the reading for transmitter system was
-0.02 psig for gauge pressure. Meanwhile, for absolute pressure, the reading given by manometer
was 15.7 psia and the reading given by the transmitter system is 14.80 psia. The G1 reading was
1.02 psig and the G2 reading was 1 psig. The difference of the two absolute pressure reading was
0.9 psia.

Based from all the data obtained in Table 1 until 7, all the reading given by manometer
and transmitter system is not exactly same from the pressure suggested. This might be happen
due to the sensitivity of the instruments itself. By comparing gauge instrument with manometer
and transmitter system, it can be said that manometer and transmitter system have more
sensitivity compare to gauge instrument.
 Table 8 shows the reading for calibration experiment number 1. Reading for B shows the
reading that given by the manometer. Compare to the given suggested pressure, the pressure
reading shown in the manometer is actually quite low. The accuracy in terms of power output
also can be determined, where the accuracy of the gauge instrument is less than 5%. The
percentage of the deviation is also can be calculated and all the reading are less than 5% also.

From Table 9, the pattern of the output pressure given by the manometer is also slightly
same in the run 1, where all the reading give a less reading than the suggested pressure.
Furthermore, the percentage of the accuracy for this run is exceed 5% (for some of the given
suggested pressure), and same with the percentage of the deviation.

. There are a few error might be done during this experiment, and it is a parallax error,
where error created by the students. The position of eyes of the students may be not
perpendicular to the reading scale of the gauge instrument. Other than that, the gauge instrument
also was placed high up on the tank, so the student might have the difficulties in reading the
value.