14 September 2016 1

Flexible And Efficient NGL Recovery

Using A Single Mixed Refrigerant

Kevin L. Currence
Vice President
Gas Processing Technology

14 September 2016 2
 Outline
Conventional Expansion Technology
PRICO-C2 Technology
Case Studies
Conclusion

14 September 2016 3
 Conventional Technologies

Absorption Expansion
Processes Processes
Lean oil Refrigeration Joule Thomson
Refrigerated Processes (JT)
lean oil Turboexpansion

14 September 2016 4
 Gas Subcooled Process (GSP)
SALES GAS/
RESIDUE GAS Recovery Mode
90-95% C2
99% C3
REFLUX
SUBCOOLER Rejection Mode
90-93% C3
BOOSTER
COMP GAS/GAS
FEED GAS FROM
Refrig.
DEHYDRATION

COLD
EXPANDER
CHILLER SEP

REBOILERS
DEMETHANIZER

C2+ PRODUCT

14 September 2016 5
 Recycle Split Vapor (RSV)
Recovery Mode
95-98% C2
99.9% C3

Rejection Mode
95-98% C3

14 September 2016 6
 Propane Refrigeration

-30 to -35F

14 September 2016 7
 Conventional Expansion Processes

+ High ethane
recovery possible
- High pressure drop
= more
compression

Sensitive to feed
Ethane rejection gas conditions
capable (pressure,
composition)

Propane losses
Efficient for lean
during ethane
gases
rejection

14 September 2016 8
 Recent Feed Gas Trends
Composition
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4
(mol%)
N2 0.7 0.0 0.6 2.4
CO2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.9
C1 84.6 75.6 71.1 61.6
C2 11.7 16.0 17.2 21.4
C3 2.3 5.8 6.9 9.9
C4+ 0.6 2.7 4.0 3.8
GPM 4.0 6.7 7.8 9.7

GPM = C2+ recoverable gallons per 1,000 scf

High NGL content in feed gases is common.

14 September 2016 9
 Impact Of High NGL Content
80 16,000

70 14,000

60 12,000
Duty to cool from

Expander Power (hp)

Duty (MMBtu/hr)

100F to -35F
50 10,000

40 8,000

30 6,000
Expander
Power
20 4,000

10 2,000

0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
GPM

High NGL content results in loss of efficiency for

expansion-based processes.
14 September 2016 10
 PRICO-C2 Recovery Technology

Higher
Pressure

14 September 2016 11
 PRICO-C2 Refrigeration

Stainless
Steel

14 September 2016 12
 PRICO-C2 Refrigeration
Ability to modify recipe
Flexible No shutdown required

Centrifugal versus screw

Efficient Low maintenance

Easy to control
Simple Easy startup / shutdown

25+ in service
Proven 7 for 30+ years

14 September 2016 13
 Feed Gas Composition Impact
23,500

22,500 GSP
RSV
21,500 PRICO-C2 18% less
Total Compression Power (HP)

20,500
than GSP
& 15% less
19,500 C3 refrig than RSV
added
18,500

17,500

16,500
Note: Based on 200 MMscfd and
15,500
90% ethane recovery.

14,500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Feed Gas GPM

14 September 2016 14
 Case Study 1 Design Basis
GSP / RSV / PRICO-C2

Feed Gas Capacity 200 MMscfd

Feed Pressure 889 psia

Feed Composition
N2 + CO2 0.8 mol%
C1 71.1 mol%
C2 17.2 mol%
C3 6.9 mol%
C4+ 4.0 mol%

Sales/Residue Pressure 914 psia

NGL Product C1 Content 0.5 LV%

14 September 2016 15
 Case Study 1 Ethane Recovery
GSP RSV PRICO-C2
Refrigeration Compression 6,800 hp 6,600 hp 7,200 hp

Residue Compression 9,400 hp 9,600 hp 9,000 hp

TOTAL 16,200 hp 16,200 hp 16,200 hp

DeC1 Op. Pressure 300 psia 320 psia 400 psia

Ethane % Rec. 87.5% 89.4% 97.3%

Propane % Rec. 99.2% 99.9% 99.9%

For the same compression level,

PRICO-C2 delivers higher ethane recovery.
14 September 2016 16
 Case Study 1 Ethane Rejection
GSP RSV PRICO-C2
Refrigeration Compression 6,800 hp 6,600 hp 7,200 hp

Residue Compression 9,400 hp 9,600 hp 9,000 hp

TOTAL 16,200 hp 16,200 hp 16,200 hp

DeC1 Op. Pressure 330 psia 360 psia 410 psia

Ethane % Rec. 19.4% 19.8% 20.1%

Propane % Rec. 88.7% 91.8% 96.6%

For the same compression level,

PRICO-C2 delivers higher propane recovery.
14 September 2016 17
 Case Study 2 Design Basis
GSP / RSV / PRICO-C2

Feed Gas Capacity 200 MMscfd

Feed Pressure 689 psia

Feed Composition
N2 + CO2 0.8 mol%
C1 71.1 mol%
C2 17.2 mol%
C3 6.9 mol%
C4+ 4.0 mol%

Sales/Residue Pressure 914 psia

NGL Product C1 Content 0.5 LV%

14 September 2016 18
 Case Study 2 Ethane Recovery
GSP RSV PRICO-C2
Refrigeration Compression 5,230 hp 6,030 hp 10,100 hp

Residue Compression 14,150 hp 13,350 hp 9,280 hp

TOTAL 19,380 hp 19,380 hp 19,380 hp

DeC1 Op. Pressure 175 psia 220 psia 400 psia

Ethane % Rec. 81.8% 81.5% 96.6%

Propane % Rec. 99.3% +99.95% +99.95%

PRICO-C2 has even larger advantage in ethane

recovery for lower pressure feed.
14 September 2016 19
 Case Study 2 Ethane Recovery
GSP with RSV with
PRICO-C2
Feed Comp. Feed Comp.
Refrigeration Compression 5,230 hp 5,700 hp 10,100 hp
Feed Gas Compression 2,780 hp 2,760 hp ----
Residue Compression 14,150 hp 12,480 hp 9,280 hp
TOTAL 22,160 hp 20,940 hp 19,380 hp
DeC1 Op. Pressure 185 psia 245 psia 400 psia
Ethane % Rec. 96.6% 96.6% 96.6%
Propane % Rec. 99.9% +99.95% +99.95%

For the same recovery level, PRICO-C2 requires

less compression. This saves CAPEX and OPEX.
14 September 2016 20
 Benefits of PRICO-C2
Flexibility (Feed
Higher NGL Less
Composition,
Revenue Compression
Pressure)

Simple, Ease C2 Recovery Modularized

of Operation or Rejection Installation

Proven
Carbon Dioxide
(Equipment,
Experience) Tolerance

14 September 2016 21
 Kevin L. Currence
Vice President
Gas Processing Technology

14 September 2016 22