HS loading

It consists of truck with semi-trailer or the corresponding lane

loading. Lane load consists of a uniform load per unit length of
traffic lane combined with a concentrated load (one concentrate
load for simply supported span and two concentrated load in case of
continuous span).
HS loading may be HS 20-44 and HS 15-44.

It consists of a two-axle truck or the corresponding lane load. Lane

load consists of a uniform load per unit length of traffic lane
combined with a single concentrated load (two concentrated load in
case of continuous span).
H loading may be H 20-44 and H 15-44.
AASHTO Truck Loading
Live Loading

8000 lbs 32000 lbs H 20-44 8000 lbs 32000 lbs 32000 lbs HS 20-44
6000 lbs 24000 lbs H 15-44 6000 lbs 24000 lbs 24000 lbs HS 15-44

6' 6'
14' 14' 14'-30

Lane Loading
18000 lbs for bending moment H 20-44
26000 lbs for shear force
HS 20-44
640 lbs/ft

13500 lbs for bending moment

19500 lbs for shear force
HS 15-44
480 lbs/ft H 15-44
 AASHTO Method of Bridge Deck Analysis
Principal factors, which affect the transverse distribution of bridge deck are

Longitudinal and transverse flexural rigidities of the bridge

Longitudinal and transverse torsional rigidities of the bridge
Aspect ratio of plan form
Type of design loading (e.g., udl, knife-edge, or truck load)
Width of the load with respect to the bridge width
Number of design loadings in the transverse direction
Vehicle-edge distance

The AASHTO method groups all the above factors into a single D
value, which is usually developed by idealizing a bridge as an
orthotropic plate
 The AASHTO method groups all the above factors into a single D
value, which is usually developed by idealizing a bridge as an
orthotropic plate

The width is constant

The support conditions are closely equivalent to line supports
The skew angle does not exceed 200
In the case of curved in plan bridges, L2/bR is smaller than 1
A solid or voided slab bridge is of uniform depth across the
cross section
The total flexural rigidity of the transverse cross section
remains the same for at least the central 50% of each span
For slab on girder bridges there are at least four girders,
equally spaced and of equal flexural rigidity
For slab on girder bridges having an overhanging deck slab, the
overhang does not exceed 60% of the spacing between girders
and also is not more than 1.8m
 Live-load Longitudinal Bending Moment

Obtain an initial D value from table according to the bridge type and number of
design lanes in the bridge.
Calculate the initial load fraction S/D where S= the actual girder spacing in the case
of slab on girder bridges or the spacing of webs in the case of voided slab or 1m in
case of solid slabs.
Treating the bridge as a one-dimensional beam, obtain bending moment diagrams
due to the design loading.
Multiply the moments obtained in step 3 by (S/D)(1+I) to obtain the initial live load
moments. The reduction factor for multilane loading is implicit in the D values and
should not be applied again.
Calculate and
Calculate from one of the following expression
= (We -11)/2 1 where, We - Design lane
Corresponding to the values of and , obtain values of D separately for external
and internal portions along with the value of Cf from the relevant charts.
Obtain the final value of D, separately for external and internal portions by
= D (1+ Cf/ /100)
For each of the external and internal portions, obtain the final live load design
moments by multiplying the live load moments due to one line of wheels or half
lane loads as obtained in step 3 by (S/D)(1+I) .
Longitudinal Shear Force

Select the D value accordance with the type of bridge and the
number of design lanes in the bridge.
Calculate the load fraction S/D, where S= the actual girder spacing
in the case of slab on girder bridges or the spacing of webs in the
case of voided slabs and cellular structures or 1m in the cased of
solid slabs.
Treating the bridge as a one dimensional beam , obtain shear
force diagrams due to one line of wheels of the truck or one half
of the lane loading .
Multiply the shears obtained in step 3 by (S/D)(1+I)