MECANICA DE FLUIDOS

Elemental Fluid Dynamics

Facultad de Ingeniera Ingeniera Civil

IGC-011 MECANICA DE FLUIDOS
 Objetivo de Aprendizaje
3.Aplicar los principios de conservacin de energa y
masa en el movimiento de fluidos y sistemas de flujo.
Utilizar la ecuacin de Bernoulli para estimar velocidades,
presiones y caudales en un sistema de flujo libre o a
presin.
Ilustrar la lnea de energa y la lnea de gradiente hidrulico
en sistemas de flujo presurizados.
Asociar la naturaleza viscosa del fluido con las prdidas de
energa por friccin en sistemas de flujo presurizados.
 Fluid Dynamics
In analyzing fluid motion, we might take one of two paths:
(1) seeking to describe the detailed flow pattern at every point (x, y, z) in the
field.
(2) working with a finite region control volume, making a balance of flow
in versus flow out, and determining gross flow effects such as the force or
torque on a body or the total energy exchange.
1. Differential method
2. Control Volume Method

4 basic relations for control volume: Mass, Energy, Linear

Momentum, Angular momentum
 Reynolds transport Theorem
Specific fluid mass: system

Specific region: Control volume

The Reynolds transport theorem
relates the flow variables in a control
volume to those of a system. Being B
any extensive property of the fluid
(momentum, energy, mass, etc), the
intensive property is:
= mass density and dV = differential volume of the fluid,

1. The rate of change of B within the control volume

2. The flux of B passing out of the control surface
3. The flux of B passing into the control surface
If the flow pattern is steady, the first term vanishes.
Mass Balance Equation
 Problems of Mass Balance: Contro Volume
1.Consider a cylindrical volume with a height of 20 cm and a diameter of 5 cm.
The volume is empty. At a certain moment, we start to fill the glass with a
volume flow rate of 20 mL per second. How long does it take before 80% of the
volume is filled? The density of the fluid is 1000 kg/m3.

2. In the year 2050, the total number of people on planet Earth is estimated to
reach 9 billion people. In 2015, the world's population is estimated to be 6
billion people. Could you estimate how many people there will be in the year
2080? First, set up a balance and look carefully at what you know and what
you dont know. Subsequently, calculate the number of people in the 2080.
 Problems of Mass Balance
3. Financial mass balance: Define the incomes and outcomes of your wallet in
one month and set up a financial balance. Do you have losses? Do you have
savings? [IN]: Parental support : 350,- Governmental study funding: 250,-
Salary for part time job: 125,- [OUT]: Rent: 320,- Food: 175,- Gym
subscription: 25

4. Lets consider a vessel where a certain mass flow rate of an aqueous salt
solution (cs,in= 1.0 g/L) enters a well-defined volume and the same amount
leaves the volume. Initially, the volume was filled with a salt solution with a
concentration of 5 g/L water. The vessel is well mixed by a stirrer.
What is the steady-state concentration in the vessel, if the volume flow rate is
equal to 10 L/s and the volume of the vessel is 100 L?
 Problems of Mass Balance
5. A continuous stirred tank is filled with water that contains kitchen salt at a
concentration of 30 kg/m3. The water volume is 100 liter. From t=0 onwards, fresh
water flows in at a flow rate of 5 l/s. The flow rate out of the tank is the same.
What is the salt concentration if t goes to infinity? Set up a salt mass balance for the
stirred tank. Solve this balance and find what the concentration in the salt is at t=20
seconds .
6.The swimming pool we are looking at is 25 meters in length, 10 meters in width and 2
meters in depth. The water level is 20 cm below the terrace of the backyard, so the
water level is 1.8 meters. On Sunday morning, the professor throws 1000 gram of the
cleaning product (chlorine in tablet form) into the pool. Then, after the concentration of
the product is the same everywhere in the water, the professor turns on the pumps to
refresh the water.
The water level is 20 cm below the terrace at all times and fresh water (with no chlorine
in it) is flowing in with v=0.006 m3/s. The water can flow out at the other side of the
pool through a sink After how many hours do you declare the swimming pool to be
safe (concentration chlorine is lower than 1.5 mg/L) to dive in?
 Control Volume: Principio de Continuidad
Steady flow into and out of a tank

Source: Munson et al., 1999

Facultad de Ingeniera Ingeniera Civil
IGC-011 MECANICA DE FLUIDOS
 Confined flows
Steady flow into and out of a tank

Source: Munson et al., 1999

Facultad de Ingeniera Ingeniera Civil
IGC-011 MECANICA DE FLUIDOS
The tank in figure is being filled with water by two one-dimensional inlets. Air is trapped
at the top of the tank. The water height is h. (a) Find an expression for the change in
water height dh/dt. (b) Compute dh/dt if D1 =1 in, D2 =3 in, V1 =3 ft/s, V2 =2 ft/s, and
At =2 ft2, assuming water at 20C.
 Desafo para la casa
1. Hacer toda la lista de inputs y outputs de dinero en la billetera durante un
mes. Revisar si el cambio de dinero mensual es positivo o negativo.

2. You happen to have a bucket with a small hole in the bottom area (1 cm
above the actual bottom). Obviously, if you fill the bucket with water, it will
flow out through the hole. The question here is: how fast does it leave the
bucket, and can we use this as a first estimate of how much time we have
before the bucket is empty?
Data: Bucket volume 5 liter of water;
height of water in the bucket: 30cm;
height of hole above bottom: 1cm;
hole diameter: 4mm
Reynolds transport Theorem

Facultad de Ingeniera Ingeniera Civil

IGC-020 HIDRULICA