DESIGN PARAMETERS

Flow
Average Flow = 4 MLD
= 166.6667 m3/ hr
3
= 0.046296 m / sec

Peak Flow Factor = 2.5

Peak Flow = 10 MLD

= 416.6667 m3/ hr
3
= 0.115741 m / sec

Design Quality Of Raw Sewage

BOD5 = 355 mg/L
COD = 778 mg/L
NH4-N = 25 mg/L
NO3-N = 1.7 mg/L
TSS = 250 mg/L
TKN = 35 mg/L
TP = 5 mg/L

Design Quality of Treated Sewerage

BOD5 = 10 mg/L
COD = 50 mg/L
TSS = 10 mg/L
NH4-N = 5 mg/L
TN = 10 mg/L
TP = 1 mg/L
PRIMARY TREATMENT UNITS

Inlet Chamber

No.Of Units = 1 no.

Design Flow = PeakFlow
Peak Flow = 10 MLD
3
= 416.6666667 m /hr
3
= 0.115740741 m /sec
Average Flow = 4 MLD
3
= 166.6666667 m /hr
= 0.046296296 m3/sec

HRT @ Peak Flow = 30 sec

Volume Required = 3.472222222 m3
Side Water Depth Provided = 2.5 m
Width Provided = 1.3 m
Length provided = 1.3 m
Freeboard = 0.3 m
Volume Provided = 4.225 m3

FINE SCREEN CHANNELS

No. Of Mechanical Working Screens = 1 No.

No. Of Standby Screens = 1 No.
Total No. Of Screens = 2 Nos.

MECHANICAL FINE SCREEN CHANNELS =

No. Of Mechanical Screens = 1 Nos.

3
Design Flow = 0.115740741 m /sec
Average Flow = 0.046296296 m3/sec

Design Flow in each screen = 0.115740741 m3/sec

Average Flow in each screen = 0.046296296 m3/sec

Maximum velocity through screens at peak flow = 0.9 m/sec

Minimum velocity through screens at Avg flow = 0.4 m/sec

Clear area of opening @ peak flow = 0.128600823 m2

Clear area of opening @ Avg flow = 0.115740741 m2

2
Considering Maximum area of opening = 0.128600823 m

Clear spacing of bars = 0.006 m

Thickness of Bars = 0.003 m
Gross Area of Screen = 0.192901235 m2

Assuming depth of screen channel = 0.42 m

Gross width of screen = 0.459288654 m

Gross No. Of Bars =(Gross width/center to center spacing)-1

= 50.03207264
No. Of Bars = 51
No.Of Celar Space = 52
Total Width of Screen Needed = 0.465 m
(Width = clear spacing width + Bar width)
Total Width of screen Provided = 0.55 m
Width of sideframe provided = 0.25 m
Width Of Screen Channel Provided = 1.05 m
Height of blind plate at bottom of screen = 0.04 m

Liquid Depth of screen channel provided = 0.55 m

Length Of Screen Channel Provided = 4 m
Freeboard Provided = 0.5 m
Velocity at average flow through channel = 0.153045608 m/s
(A=Depth*Width)
Provide Bed Slope? (1=Yes, 0 = No) = 1

Slope Provided.

To Find Actual Velocity through clear opening:

velocity through clear openining of screen = 0.687704936 m/s
Actual Velocity is less than assumed velocity

Headloss

V2 = 0.382614019 m/s
V1 needed = 0.687704936 m/s
V1 assumed = 0.9 m/s
H=0.0729(V1^2 - V2^2)
Headloss required = 0.023805101 m

Headloss at assumed velocity = 0.048376915 m

Kirshmer's Method
Velovity head of flow approaching rack = 0.024104897 m/s
Velocity head assumed as approaching rack = 0.041284404 m/s
Assume angle of bar inclination = 75 degrees
Headloss required = 0.02178948 m/s
Headloss for assumed velocity = 0.037318795 m/s
The screen chamber design can be used since headloss < 0.15m
Headloss suggested = 0.043 m
Headloss at 50% clogged condition
For assumed peak velocity = 0.05490605 m
For calculated peak velocity = 0.09403747 m
The screen chamber design can be used since headloss < 0.30m

FINE SCREEN CHANNEL: MANUAL SCREEN

No. Of Mechanical Screens = 1 Nos.

3
Design Flow = 0.115740741 m /sec
Average Flow = 0.046296296 m3/sec

Design Flow in each screen = 0.115740741 m3/sec

Average Flow in each screen = 0.046296296 m3/sec

Maximum velocity through screens at peak flow = 0.9 m/sec

Minimum velocity through screens at Avg flow = 0.4 m/sec

Clear area of opening @ peak flow = 0.128600823 m2

Clear area of opening @ Avg flow = 0.115740741 m2

Considering Maximum area of opening = 0.128600823 m2

Clear spacing of bars = 0.008 m

Thickness of Bars = 0.01 m

Gross Area of Screen = 0.289351852 m2

Assuming depth of screen channel = 0.5 m

Gross width of screen = 0.578703704 m

Gross No. Of Bars = (Gross width/center to center spacing)-1

= 31.15020576
No. Of Bars = 32
No.Of Screens = 33
Total Width of Screen Needed = 0.584 m
(Width = clear spacing width + Bar width)
Total Width of screen Provided = 0.7 m
Width of sideframe provided = 0.32 m
Width Of Screen Channel Provided = 1.34 m
Height of blind plate at bottom of screen = 0.04 m

Liquid Depth of screen channel provided = 0.7 m

Length Of Screen Channel Provided = 5 m
Freeboard Provided = 0.64 m
Velocity at average flow through channel = 0.094482237 m/s

Provide Bed Slope? (1=Yes, 0 = No) = 1

Slope is Provided.
To Find Actual Velocity through clear opening:
velocity through clear openining of screen = 0.645874669 m/s
Actual Velocity is less than assumed velocity

Headloss

V2 = 0.236205593 m/s
V1 needed = 0.645874669 m/s
V1 assumed = 0.9 m/s

Headloss required = 0.026343217 m

H=0.0729(V1^2 - V2^2)
Headloss at assumed velocity = 0.054981684 m

Kirshmer's Method

Velovity head of flow approaching rack = 0.021261676 m/s

Velocity head assumed as approaching rack = 0.041284404 m/s
Assume angle of bar inclination = 40 degrees
Headloss required = 0.042743994 m/s
Headloss for assumed velocity = 0.082997233 m/s
The screen chamber design can be used since headloss < 0.15m
Headloss suggested = 0.069 m

Headloss at 50% clogged condition

For assumed peak velocity = 0.107708115 m
For calculated peak velocity = 0.209139922 m
The screen chamber design can be used since headloss < 0.30m
GRIT CHAMBER DESIGN

No of Working Units = 1 Nos.

No of standby units = 0 Nos.
Total No. of Units = 1 Nos.

GRIT CHAMBER : MECHANICAL

No. of mechanical grit chamber = 1 Nos.

Design Flow = Peak Flow
Peak Flow = 0.115740741 m3/s
Design Flow to each grit chamber = 0.115740741 m3/s
Specific Gravity of Grit assumed(Sg) = 2.65
Diameter of particle assumed (d) = 0.00015 m
3 2
Surface Overflow Rate ( CPHEEO Manual) = 1555 m /m /d
= 0.017997685 m3/m2/s
Kinematic viscosity(v) = 0.00000114 m2/s
g = 9.81 m/s2
2
Settling Velocity (Vs) = (Sg-1)gd /18v
Vs = 0.017748355 m/s

Reynolds Number = R=Vsd/v

= 2.335309903
Stokes law cannot be applied
Transition Law = Vs=0.707((Sg-1)d1.6v-0.6)0.714
Vs = 0.015215687 m/s
Surface Over Flow rate for max efficiency = Settling velocity = 0.015215687 m/s
of minimum size particle to be removed = 1314.635357 m3/m2/d
To Determine Actual overflow rate:
Settling basin performance(n) = 0.125
Assumed Efficiency of removal () = 0.75
-n
Actual overflow rate (Q/A) [Vs*n/(1-) -1]
= 0.010052269 m3/m2/s
3 2
= 868.5160685 m /m /d

Area of Grit Chamber Required = Q/(Q/A)

= 11.51389176 m2
For a square grit chamber
Side required = 3.393212601 m
Length of chamber provided = 4 m
Width of chamber provided (W) = 4 m
HRT @ Peak Flow = 60 s
3
Volume of grit chamber required = 6.944444444 m
Depth of Grit chamber required = 0.434027778 m
Depth Provided (D) = 0.5 m
Depth for Grit Storage = 0.25 m
Total Depth now = 0.75 m
Freeboard Provided = 0.25 m
Resultant Total Depth = 1 m

For Bottom Scour

Vcritical K*[(Ss-1)gd^]0.5
K = 3.2 (3 to 4.5)
Vcritical = 0.157678356 m/s
Vhorizontal = Q/Ahorizontal
= Q/(D*W)
= 0.05787037 m/s
Bottom Scour is satisfied

VELOCITY CONTROL AND FLOW MEASUREMENT

PARSHALL FLUME

Avg Flow = 46.2962963 lps

Peak Flow = 115.7407407 lps
Throat Width (W) = 0.15 m
Channel at (D) = 0.391 m
Liquid depth @ Avg Flow = 0.264881958 m
Liquid Depth @ Peak Flow = 0.487916738 m
Velocity At mouth @ Avg Flow = 0.447009871 m/s
Velocity At mouth @ Peak Flow = 0.606685734 m/s
CLARIFIER

PRIMARY CLARIFIER FOR SECONDARY TREATMENT ( APPENDIX 5-11)

Avg Flow = 0.046296296 m3/s

3
Peak Flow = 0.115740741 m /s
Overflow rate for avg flow (table 5.8) = 35 m3/m2/d
Overflow rate for peak flow (table 5.8) = 80 m3/m2/d
2
Surface area for avg flow = 114.2857143 m
Surface area for Peak flow = 125 m2
2
Design Area = 125 m
Required Diameter ( Rounded Up) = 13 m
Resulting Wier Length = 40.82 m
Resulting Wier Loading Rate (Avg Flow) = 97.99118079 m3/m/d
Wier loading rate @ Avg flow from table 5.8 = 125 m3/m/d
Use Of Double Sided Wier Needed? = No
Side Water Depth from table 5.8 (>=2.5 to 3.5) = 3 m

PRIMARY CLARIFIER WITH EXCESS SLUDGE RETURN

Overflow rate for avg flow (table 5.8) = 25 m3/m2/d

Overflow rate for peak flow (table 5.8) = 50 m3/m2/d
Surface area for avg flow = 160 m2
Surface area for Peak flow = 200 m2
Design Area = 200 m2
Required Diameter ( Rounded Up) = 16 m
Resulting Wier Length = 50.24 m
Resulting Wier Loading Rate (Avg Flow) = 79.61783439 m3/m/d
Wier loading rate @ Avg flow from table 5.8 = 125 m3/m/d
Use Of Double Sided Wier Needed? = No
Side Water Depth from table 5.8 (>= 2.5 to 3.5) = 3 m

No. Of PST = 2 1 Online, 1 Backup

SLUDGE PRODUCTION

BOD = 355 mg/L

TSS = 250 mg/L
Ss = 1.03

Assuming 30% BOD removal and 60 % TSS removal

Sludge Produced = Q(0.3*BOD + 0.6*TSS) = 1026 Kg/day

EQUALISATION TANK (ONLINE)

3
Time (Hr) Flow (m /hr) Cumulative Flow Cum. Avg. Flow Cum Flow - Avg Flow

1 26.836632 26.836632 166.6666667 -139.8300347

2 96.61187521 123.4485072 333.3333333 -209.8848261
3 100.63737 224.0858772 500 -275.9141228
4 89.90271721 313.9885944 666.6666667 -352.6780722
5 111.3720228 425.3606172 833.3333333 -407.9727161
6 124.7903388 550.1509561 1000 -449.8490439
7 268.36632 818.5172761 1166.666667 -348.1493906
8 335.4579 1153.975176 1333.333333 -179.3581572
9 415.967796 1569.942972 1500 69.94297216
10 369.00369 1938.946662 1666.666667 272.2799955
11 322.039584 2260.986246 1833.333333 427.6529129
12 268.36632 2529.352566 2000 529.3525663
13 281.784636 2811.137202 2166.666667 644.4705356
14 254.948004 3066.085206 2333.333333 732.751873
15 201.27474 3267.359946 2500 767.3599463
16 134.18316 3401.543106 2666.666667 734.8764397
17 87.21905401 3488.76216 2833.333333 655.428827
18 101.9792016 3590.741362 3000 590.741362
19 96.61187521 3687.353237 3166.666667 520.6865705
20 91.24454881 3778.597786 3333.333333 445.2644526
21 73.80073801 3852.398524 3500 352.398524
22 60.38242201 3912.780946 3666.666667 246.1142793
23 46.964106 3959.745052 3833.333333 126.4117187
24 40.254948 4000 4000 0
Average Flow m3/d = 4000
3
Average Flow m /hr = 166.6666667
3
Equalisation tank volume (m ) = 1217.20899 m3

Equalisation Tank
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Cumulative Flow Cum. Avg. Flow

 CONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS

Plant Design Flow = 4 MLD

Elevation of site above MSL = 6 m
Operating temperature (deg C) = 25 C
Primary Clarifier Effluent BOD = 355 mg/L
Thickener Overflow return fraction for
plant flow = 0.15
Thickener Overflow return = 0.6 MLD
Thickener Overflow return BOD = 500 mg/L
Centrate from sludge dewatering
(Fraction) = 0.006

Centrate flow from sludge dewatering = 0.024 MLD

Centrate from sludge dewatering BOD = 380 mg/L

Influent BOD to Aeration Tank = 373.9446 mg/L
Effluent BOD = 10 mg/L
Weighted BOD to be removed in aeration
tank = 363.9446 mg/L
MLSS = 3000 mg/L
F:M = 0.35
F = 1682.88 kg/day
M = 4808.229 kg/day
Aeration Tank Volume calculated from
F/M = 1602743 L
= 1602.743 m3

For 25 deg C, c from figure 5.38 = 4 days

Y = 0.5
Kd = 0.06 /day
Aeration tank volume from c = 782.6766 m3
HRT (table 5.9 CPHEEO MANUAL) = 5 Hours
Influent BOD in Aeration tank = 373.9446 mg/L
Aeration tank volume from HRT = 833.3333 m3
Liquid Depth = 5.5 m
BOD Removed in Aeration tank = 1682.88 kg/day
Kg O2 / Kg BOD Removed (Table 5.9
CPHEEO Manual) = 0.8
Kg O2 Needed Per day = 1346.304 kg/day
Residual DO in aeration = 2 mg/L

FOR SURFACE AERATOR

(CPHEEO Table 5.11) altitude 6m = 0.99

(CPHEEO Manual 5.8.1.7.5.3) = 0.95

Oxygen Solubility in tap water @25C = 8.6 mg/L

DO at operating Temperature = 8.22 mg/L
DO at Operating Elevation = 8.214484 mg/L
Oxygen Tension = 5.80376 mg/L
Oxygen Gradient = 0.632907 mg/L

Temperature Difference (Std = 20 deg C) = 5 deg C

Temperature Co Efficient = 1.03
Temperature Correction Factor = 1.159274
Coversion Factor to Std conditions = 0.726376

Oxygen needed under std conditions = 1853.454 kg/day

Factor of safety for intangibles (10%) = 1.1

Oxygen needed for safety factor = 2038.799 kg/day
Oxygen Transfer Capacity (Surface
Aerator CPHEEO 5.8.1.7.5.3) = 2 kg O2/kWhr
KW of aerator needed per day = 42.47498 kW/day
FOR DIFFUSED AERATOR

To calculate density of air:

Operating Height (h) = 14 m
Temperature Lapse rate (L) = 0.0065 K/m
Temperature at altitude h above sea
level = 24.909 K
g = 9.81 m/s2
Sea level std pressure (p0) = 101.325 kpa
Universal gas constant R = 8.314 J/mol/K
molar mass of dry air (M) = 0.02896 kg/mol
pressure at h = 99.40103 kpa
Density = 1.16224 g/m3

Factor for temperature power 3 = 0.015625

Factor for temperature power 2 = 0.04375
Factor for temperature power 1 = 0.075

Density of air @ operating temperature = 1.181875 g/m3

Content of oxygen in air = 0.23
Kg of oxygenn needed for residual DO
per day = 8 kg/day
Total kg of oxygen needed per day = 1354.304 kg/day
Air needed = 4982.15 m3/day
Transfer efficiency of diffuser system per
'm' depth = 0.05
Transfer efficiency at design depth = 0.275
Diffuser fouling factor = 0.04 /year
Diffuser life cycle = 3 years
Diffuser fouling factor for life cycle = 1.124864

Factor of safety for intangibles (10%) = 1.1

Air needed for oxygenation = 22416.96 m3/day
= 934.0402 m3/hr
Minimum Power input for aeration tanks
per m3(CPHEEO 5.8.1.7.5.6) = 16 W/m3
Minimum Power needed for mixing in
aeration tank = 25.64389 kW
Air needed for mixing as per manual (1.8 -
2.7 m3/hr/m2) = 2.7 m3/hr/m2

Surface area of tank (Volume/depth) = 291.4078 m2

Air needed for mixing = 786.801 m3/hr
= 18883.22 m3/day

Air needed (maximum of oxygenation

and mixing) = 934.0402 m3/hr
Air needed as under standard conditions
(Qa) = 1285.891 m3/hr
Friction and other losses as fraction of
depth (20%) = 1.2
Liquid depth as water column for air
pressure = 6.6
B = 16
A = 0.03
Compressor power in BHP for 7m depth
= A*(Qa)+B = 54.57673 BHP
= 40.71424 kW

SLUDGE FLOWS

Yobs = Y/(1+kd*c) = 0.403226

Excess sludge mass wasted = 587.0075 kg/day
Excess sludge to be wasted ( CPHEEO
5.9.1.7.5.10) (0.35-0.5) = 0.45 kg/kg BOD5 removed
Excess sludge mass wasted (Thumb Rule)
(CPHEEO 5.9.1.7.5.10) = 655.1003 kg/day
=

Excess sludge mass wasted considered = 655.1003 kg/day

Concentration factor for MLSS in return
sludge = 3
Return/ Excess sludge MLSS concn. = 9000 mg/L

Cells in Aeration (For highest Volume) = 4808.229 kg

Cells wasting from system (kg/day) = 655.1003 kg/day
Volume of excess sludge per day
(m3/day) = 72.78893 m3/day
Resulting c = 7.339683 days

Least c in design = 4 days

Volume of excess sludge for least c = 133.5619 m3/day

Excess sludge pump set duty (m3/day) = 133.5619 m3/day

Recirculation Ratio (Table 5.9, CPHEEO
Manual) = 0.5

Return Sludge Pump set duty as MLD = 2 MLD

COMPLETELY MIXED ASP WITH NITRIFICATION AND DENITRIFICATION

Q = 4 MLD
= 0.046296296 m3/ sec
BOD (So) = 355 mg/L
Se = 10 mg/L
TKN = 35 mg/L
Biokinetic Parameters

max = 6 g VSS/ g VSS/ day

Kd = 0.12 g VSS/ g VSS/ day
fd = 0.15
Y = 0.4

Biokinetic Parameters for Nitrification at 20 deg C

n max = 0.75 g VSS/ g VSS/ day

Kn = 0.74 g NH4-N/m3/day
Kd n = 0.08 g VSS/ g VSS/ day
Yn = 0.12 g VSS/ g NH4-N

Operating Temperature 25 C

Biokinetic Parameters at 25 C

max = 8.415310384 g VSS/ g VSS/ day

kd = 0.145998348 g VSS/ g VSS/ day
n,max = 1.051913798 g VSS/ g VSS/ day
Kn = 0.958017794 g NH4-N/m3/day
Kdn = 0.097332232 g VSS/ g VSS/ day

Assumptions:

F/M = 0.35
Xt = 3000 mg/L
K = 0.2 L/mg/day
Yt = 0.5
Ks = 80 mg/L
Xs = 10000 mg/L

CONVENTIONAL ASP

q = K* Se
q = 2 /day
Va = Qavg * (So - Se)/FM/Xt/q
= 657142.8571 L
= 657.1428571 m3
c (ASP) = Va*Xt/((Yt*Q*(So- Se) - (Va*Xt*Kd))
= 4.347826087 days
Nitrification:

n + Kdn = [(n,max*Ne)/(Kn+Ne)]*[Do/(Kd+Do)]

Assuming
Ne = 0.5 mg/L
Do = 2 mg/L
Ko = 0.5 mg/L

n = 0.191255137 gVSS / gVSS/day

Theoretical SRT

c (necessary) = 1/n
= 5.228617732 days

Asuming 50% safety parameter

Design SRT 'c' = 7.842926599 days

Biomass Production

x = [QY(So - S)/(1 + Kdc)] + [fd*kd*QY(So-S)*c/(1+ Kdc)] + [Qyn(Nox)/(1+Kdc)]

Nox = 80% TKN

[QY(So - S)/(1 + Kdc)] = 284.3673395 kg/day

[fd*kd*QY(So-S)*c/(1+ Kdc)] = 44.19957908 kg/day
[QYn(Nox)/(1+Kdc) = 7.621771613 Kg/day

x, biomass (X) = 336.1886902 Kg/day

NO3- concn.
Ne = 0.5 mg/L
Nox = TKN - Ne - 0.122(X/Q) = 24.24624495 mg/L

Total Sludge Production:

Determining total VSS and TSS in aerator:

Total VSS = X+ (nbVSS *Q) +( FSS*Q)

Assume nbVSS = 20 mg/L

x, VSS = 416.1886902 Kg/day
If Tss,0 - Vss,o = 10 mg/L
x, TSS = 609.6337532 Kg/day
Mass of MLVSS:

Xvss * V = x,vss * SRT = 3264.137348 Kg

Xtss * V = x,tss * SRT = 4781.312778 Kg
MLSS = 3000 mg/L
Aeration tank volume Va = V*Xtss/X = 1593.770926 m3

Aeration tank detention time:

V/Q = 0.398442732 days
= 9.562625556 hours

MLVSS Fraction = (Xvss*V)/(Xtss*V) = 0.682686429

= 0.7

MLVSS (X) = 2100 mg/L

F/M = Qso/X/V = 0.424270807 /day

Volumetric BOD Loading = Qso/V = 0.890968694 Kg/m3/day

Observer Yield:

Yobs = x,tss/BOD removed = 0.441763589

Oxygen Demand

Q(So-Se) - 1.42(x,bio) + 4.33Nox(Q) = 1322.557022 Kg/day

= 55.1065426 Kg/hr

Pre Anoxic System for Nitrogen Removal

Aerobic SRT = 7.842926599 days

Aerobic Tank Volume = 1593.770926 m3
MLVSS = 2100 mg/L
MLSS = 3000 mg/L
BOD = 355 mg/L
Nox = 24.24624495 mg/L
RAS = 0.6
Mixing energy for anoxic reactor = 10 kW/10^3 m3
Ne = 5 mg/L
Active Biomass conc:
Se = 0
Xb = (Q*SRT/V)*(Yso/(1+Kd*SRT)) = 1628.817035 mg/L

Internal recycle ratio Ir = (Nox/Ne) - 1 -R = 3.3

Amount of NO3-N fed to the anoxic tank = 15.6 MLD

Nox Feed = 78 Kg/day
To Determine Anoxic Volume
a = 2 hr
Vnox = a *Q = 333.3333333 m3
F/Mb = Qso/(Vnox*Xb) = 2.615395043 /day

Specific Denitrification Rate:

If F/Mb = 0 to 20, figure 8.23, Metcalf and Eddy shows SDNR = 0.42 gNO3-N/g-biomass/day @ 20deg C

SDNR at 20 deg C = 0.42 gNO3-N/g-Biomass/day

SDNR at 25 deg C = 0.477513984 gNO3-N/g-Biomass/day

Amount of NO3-N that can be reduced = Vnox*SDNR*MLVSS

NO3-N reduction capacity = 334.2597887 Kg/day

Nox feed = 78 Kg/day

Nox feed / No3-N Capacity = 0.233351431
Iterating and adjusting a to avoid excess energy and detention time

a = 0.6 hour
Nox Feed / No3-N capacity = 0.78

New NO3-N reduction capacity = 60.84 Kg/day

Suggested a = 0.5 to 1 Hour

Vnox for a = 0.6 = 100 m3
F/Mb varies from 1-10 So, SDNR is the same

field SDNR value = SDNR*Xb/MLSS = 0.25926097 mg/mg/d

SDNR is in the range of 0.04 to 0.42. Hence design is acceptable

O2 demand in Nitrification step = 55.1065426 Kg/hr

O2 supplied by Nitrate reduction = 9.174043426 Kg/Hr

Net O2 required = 45.93249918 Kg/Hr

Anoxic Zone Mixing Energy= Vnox*energy = 1000 W

Total Mixing Energy required = 1 kW
SECONDARY SETTLING TANK FOR ASP WITH NITRIFICATION AND DENITRIFICATION

Qavg = 4 MLD
Qpeak = 10 MLD
X = 3000 mg/L
Xr = 8000 mg/L
R = 0.6
Hydraulic application rate (16 to 28 ) = 25 m3/m2/day
Area of clarifier = 160 m2
Solid Loading Rate = (1+R)Q.MLSS/A = 120 Kg MLSS/m2/day
SLR = 5 Kg/M2/hr
SLR is within the rate of 4 to 6 Kg/m2/hr
Biological Phosphorus Removal

BOD = 355 mg/L

Assume:

bsCOD = 88.75 mg/L

bcod = 266.25 mg/L
P content = 5 mg/L
Theta c = 5 Days
Kd = 0.08 /day
P content in PAO = 0.3 g P/g VSS
P content in heterotrophs = 0.02 g P/ g VSS
Clarifier VSS concn = 8 mg/L
Yt = 0.5

Yobs = Yt / (1+kd) = 0.357143

PAOs produced:
Yobs*bsCOD = 31.69643 mg/L

Heterotrophs produced
Yobs*(bCOD -bsCOD) = 63.39286 mg/L

P removed due to heterotrophs = 1.267857 mg/L

P removed due to PAOs = 9.508929 mg/L

Total P that can be removed = 10.77679 mg/L

inlet P can be removed completely

Including VSS in clarified effluent:

Average P in cell biomass = 0.113333 mg/L

Clarified liquid VSS conc. = 8 mg/L

P in effluent of clarifier = 0.906667 mg P/L

TRICKLING FILTER

Flow Q = 4 MLD 4000000 L/d

= 0.046296296 m3/sec
BOD So = 355 mg/L
Se = 20 mg/L
R = 3
= 0.9

F = (1+R)/(1+(1-)*R)^2
F = 2.366863905

Total Efficiency
E = ((So-Se)/So)*100
= 94.36619718
E = 0.95

W1 = Q*So
= 1420000000 mg/day
= 1420 kg/day

Assume E1 = 0.8
W2 = (1-E1)W1
= 284 kg/day
E2 = 0.75

By Solver

E1 E2 W1 W2 V1 V2 Absolute Error
0.843425013 0.681 1420 222.33648 3370.3 3370.3 8.42037E-08

By Iteration

E1 E2 W1 W2 V1 V2 Absolute Error
0.8 0.75 1420 284 1858.405 5226.76 3368.35928
0.81 0.737 1420 269.8 2110.976 4792.73 2681.753233
0.82 0.722 1420 255.6 2410.478 4362.09 1951.612167
0.83 0.706 1420 241.4 2768.718 3935.45 1166.727955
0.84 0.688 1420 227.2 3201.393 3513.55 312.153985
0.841 0.686 1420 225.78 3249.512 3471.65 222.1406456
0.842 0.684 1420 224.36 3298.606 3429.82 131.2102205
0.843 0.682 1420 222.94 3348.7 3388.04 39.33815171
0.8431 0.681 1420 222.798 3353.766 3383.86 30.09818492
0.8432 0.681 1420 222.656 3358.841 3379.69 20.84852287
0.8433 0.681 1420 222.514 3363.927 3375.52 11.58913966
0.8434 0.681 1420 222.372 3369.024 3371.34 2.320009285
0.84341 0.681 1420 222.3578 3369.534 3370.93 1.392559151
0.84342 0.681 1420 222.3436 3370.044 3370.51 0.465011258
0.843425 0.681 1420 222.3365 3370.3 3370.3 0.001200644
W2 = W1 * (1-E1)
222.3364816 kg/day

To Calculate Volume

Volume (V1=V2) = (0.44^2)*(w1/F)*((E1/(1-E1))^2)

3370.300266 m3

Assumed Depth = 3 m
Area of each trickling
filter = 1123.433422 m2

Total Efficiency = 0.95

BIOTOWER

So = 355 mg/L
Se = 10 mg/L

Qo = 4 MLD
= 2.777777778 m3/min

Treat ability factor Ko = 0.055 /min at 20 deg C

Operating temperature = 25 deg C
Ko @ 25 deg C = 0.065638926 /min

n = 0.5

R = 2

Depth = 10 m

Si = (So + RSe)/(1+R) =

Si = 125 mg/L

Se/Si = exp(-Ko' D/Q^n)/[1+R-R(exp(-Ko'D/Q^n))]

0.08 = 0.080000004
By Solver:
Q = 0.173566577 m3/m2/min

Area required for biotower = Qo/Q m2

= 16.00410535 m2
Total Volume of reactor = 160.0410535 m3

No. Of tanks = 2

Area of each tank = 8.002052677 m2

Diameter of each tank (d) = 3.191947667 m

BOD loading rate (Qo*So) = 1420 Kg/day

=
Organic loading rate = 8.872723396 Kg/m3/day

Hydraulic Loading rate (Qo/Area) = 249.9358703 m3/m2/day

ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR

Q = 4 MLD
So = 355 mg/L
Se,n = 10 mg/L

Submergence of disk (SM) = 40 %

Ks = 80 mg/L
Treatability Factor 'P' = 25000
g/m2/day
25000000
mg/m2/day
FOR 2 STAGE RBC
Q(So - Se2) [P*A1*Se,1/(Ks+Se1)]
= + [P*A2*Se,2/(Ks+Se2)]

Q(So - Se1) = P*A1*Se1/(Ks + Se1)

A1 = Q(So - Se1)*(Ks +Se1) / P /Se1

SO,
Q(So - Se2) = Q(So - Se1) + P*A2*Se2/(Ks + Se2)

-Qse2 = -Qse1 + P*A2*Se2/(Ks+Se2)

Q( Se1 - Se2) = P*A2*Se2/(Ks +Se2)
A2 = Q(Se1 - Se2) * (Ks + Se2) / P / Se2

Efficiency E = (So - Se2)/So) = 0.971830986

E2 = (E - E1)/(1 - E1)

By Solver:

abs(A1 -
E1 E2 Se1 A1 A2 A2)

0.789915652 0.87 74.57994341 93 93 5.23E-07

E1 0.79
E2 0.866
Se1 74.57994341 mg/L
Area (A1 = A2) 92.99511851 m2

Area = 2**n*(Ro^2 - Ru^2)

No of discs, n = A/2/(Ro^2 - Ru^2)
Assume
Disc radius Ro = 1 m
Shaft Radius (Ru) = Ro - (SM*2*Ro) = 0.2 m
n = 16

Thickness of disc = 0.02 m

minimum length of shaft = 0.32 m
Clear Spacing provided = 0.05 m
Total Spacing = 0.85 m
Total Shaft length needed = 1.17 m
Total shaft length provided = 1.2 m
Length of tank = Shaft length + end clearances
1.4 m

Width of tank = disc diameter + End clearances

2.2 m

Minimum Depth of tank = 0.4 m

sludge accumulation allowance = 0.2 m

Freeboard = 0.3 m

Total depth required = 0.9 m

Depth Provided = 1 m

Volume Provided = 3.08 m3

UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLaNKET REACTOR

Influent BOD = 355 mg/L

Influent COD = 778 mg/L
So = 778 mg/L
Qavg = 4 MLD

From Table 10.12 Page 1009 , Metcalf and Eddy

For average temperature of 30 deg C

Average OLR = 10 kg sCOD/m3/day

Reactor Volume

Vn = Q*So/OLR
= 311.2 m3

Reactor Liquid Volume

Vl = Vn/E

E is the Effectiveness factor

Assume
E = 0.8

Vl = 389 m3

Reactor Dimensions

Area = Q/v
v is Design Upflow Superficial Velocity

Assuming totally soluble COD, From table 10.14 Metcalf and Eddy

v = 1 m/hr
= 24 m/day

Area = 166.6666667 m2

Circular Reactor can be used for Areas less than 200 m2

Area = R^2 = 166.6666667

R = 7.282025314 m

Reactor Liquid Height = V/ A

HL = 2.334 m
Reactor Hydraulic Detention Time (HRT)

= VL/Q = 0.09725 days

= 2.334 Hours

Solid Retention Time (SRT) is 30 - 50 days

Assuming SRT = 35 days

To calculate average VSS concn in Biomass Zone:

SRT = V*Xtss/[(Q-Qw)Xe + QwXr]

When no solid is recycled and all the sludge is wasted in the effluent,

Qw = 0

SRT = V*Xtss/(Q*Xe)
Xe = 150 mg/L
Xtss = SRT * Q * Xe/Vn

Xtss = 67480.71979 mg/L

Methane Gas Production for 90% COD Removal

COD Degraded = 700.2 mg/L

Sulphate Reducing Bacteria

Influent Sulphate = 100 mg/L

Sulphate Consumed = 90 %

CODsrb = 0.9 * SO4 Consumed * 0.67 COD degraded/SO4 Reduced

CODsrb = 60.3 mg/L

Methanogenic Bacteria

CODmb = COD Degraded - COD used by SRB

COD mb = 639.9 mg/L

Methane Production = 0.4 L CH4/g COD at 35 deg C

Operating Temperature = 30 deg C
CH4 production @ 30 deg C:
V1/T1= V2/T2

V2 ( CH4 @30 deg C) = V1T2/T1 = 0.393509654 L CH4/g COD

Methane Production Rate =V2*COD removed = 1007227.311 L/day

Qm = 1007.227311 m3/day

Total Gas Volume

If the methane is 70% Pure,

Total Gas Volume = 1438.896159 m3/day

Energy Produced From Methane

Em = 50.1 KJ/g CH4

Density ' ' of methane = 0.6346 g/L @35 deg C

Operating Temperature = 30 deg C
1T1 = 2T2
2 = 0.645066766 g/L

Total Energy Produced = Qm*Em*2

= 32551416.09 KJ/day
= 32551.41609 MJ/day

Alkalinity Required

Assumptions:
Gas phase contains = 35 % CO2
Alkalinit conc. Required for 35% CO2 = 1800 mg/L
Influent alkalinity = 140 mg/L
Alainity required = 1660 mg/L

Daily addition of alkalinity = 6640 kg/day

SEQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR

Q 4 MLD
BOD 355 mg/L
TSS 250 mg/L
COD 778 mg/L
TKN 35 mg/L

Let SVI 150

No. Of tanks 2
Flow/tank 2 MLD

To determine operating cycle time

Total cycle time Tc 8 hours

Fill time Tf 4 hours
Reaction time Tr 2.5 hours
Settling time Ts 1 hour
Decanting time Td 0.5 hour

Tf 4 Hours
Cycle time 8 Hrs

Cycles per day per tank 3 Cycles

Total cycles per day 6 cycles

Fill volume per cycle 666.6667 m3/cycle

Xs = 1000000/SVI 6666.667 mg/L

MLVSS (X) 3500 mg/L
MLSS 4375 mg/L
Settled fraction Vs/Vt = X/Xs 0.525

To avoid decanting of solids, 20% freeboard liquid volume above sludge blanket is provided

So, Vs/Vt 0.63

Maximum fill fraction (Vs/Vt) = 1- Vs/Vt

0.37

Fill fraction provided 0.3

Vt 2222.222 m3/cycle

To Determine Overall HRT

HRT 26.66667 Hours

DETERMINING VOLUME AND HRT BY F:M RATIO

If F:M 0.1

Volume of aeration tank required 4057.143 m3

No. Of basins 2

Volume per basin 2028.571 m3

Side water depth provided 5 m

Width provided 20 m

Length required 20.28571 m

Length provided 21 m

Volume provided per basin 2100 m3

HRT 25.2 hours

Considering the highest volume for design

Volume per basin 2222.22 m3

HRT 26.67 hours

TO DETERMINE SRT

Calculating Excess Sludge:

BOD Removed = 345 mg/L
BOD Removed = 1380 kg/day

If Specific sludge yield = 0.55

Kg/Kg BOD Removed

Excess sludge to be wasted = 759 Kg/day

SRT = Total Vol. * MLSS/Excess Sludge = 25.61848 days

SRT 25.61848 days

Feed flow to each tank 2 MLD

83.33333 m3/hr

Recirculation ratio 0.25

Recirculation Flow required 20.83333 m3/hr

Capacity of RAS Provided 25 m3/hr

SELECTOR ZONE (in each tank)

Design Flow= Feed + Recirculation 108.3333 m3/hr/tank

HRT @ design flow 1.5 hr
Volume Required 162.5 m3
Side water depth 5 m
Length Provided 15 m
Width Required 2.166667 m
Width Provided 2.2 m
Volume Provided 165 m3

ACTUAL OXYGEN REQUIREMENT:

BOD removed 1380 Kg/day

O2 req. for oxidation of BOD 1.2 Kg/Kg BOD
O2 req. for oxidation of BOD 1656 Kg/day

Inlet TKN 35
Outlet NH3-N 5 mg/L
Outlet NO3-N 3 mg/L
Nitrogen assimilated at BOD oxidation (5% BOD
removed) 17.25 mg/L

NH3-N Nitrified 12.75 mg/L

Total NH3-N Nitrified 51 Kg/day
O2 req. for nitrification of NH3-N 4.56 Kg/Kg NH3-N
= 232.56 Kg/day
O2 credit during Denitrification 2.86 Kg/Kg No3-N
NO3-N Produced = NH3-N Nitrified 51 Kg/day
NO3-N in treated sewage 12 Kg/day
NO3-N Denitrified 39 Kg/day
O2 credited during denitrification 111.54 Kg/day
Total O2 Required 1777.02 Kg/day

STANDARD OXYGEN REQUIREMENT

Actual OTR in field conditions 1777.02 Kg/day

Eq 5.55 in Metcalf and Eddy : AOTR = SOTR [ (C'sth - CL)/Cs20]*[1.024^(T-20)]**F

C'sth = Csth*0.5*[(Pd/Patm,H)+(Ot/21)]

From Appendix 3.2 in Metcalf and Eddy

Csth = Cst*exp[gM(Za-Zb)/RT]

O2 sat. concn in clean water Cst = 6.93 mg/L

g = 9.81 m/s2
Moles of air M = 28.97 Kg/Kg-mol
Altitude at ground level Za = 0 m
Elevation Zb = 14 m
R = 8314 Nm/K/Kg-mol
T = 35 deg C
= 308.15 K
C'sth = 6.919246 mg/L
P'atm,H = Pa*exp[gM(Za-Zb)/RT]
Pressure at zero altitude Pa = 10.33 mWC
Patm,H = 10.31397
Aeration depth = 4.95 m
Height at which diffusers are kept = 0.2 m
Effective aeration depth = 4.75 m
Pressure at depth of air release Pd = 15.06397 m WC
% of O2 conc. Leaving the tank = 19
So, C'sth = 8.183054
Operating Oxygen Conc. CL = 2 mg/L
DO sat. con. In clean water @ 20deg C and 1 atm = 9.08 mg/L
(O2 transfer correction factor) = 0.65
( Surface Tension Correction Factor) = 0.95
F (Fouling factor) = 0.9
SOTR = 3346.983 kg/day
Std O2 required per basin = 1673.492 Kg/day
Effective aeration depth = 4.75 m
SOTE per meter = 6 %
SOTE at effective aeration depth = 28.5 %
Fraction of O2 in air = 23.18 %
Specific gravity of air @ STP = 1.293
Air required at field conditions per basin = 19591.46 Nm3/day/tank
Hours of aeration = 12 hr/tank/day
Air required = 1632.621 Nm3/hr/tank
No. Of Operating Air Blowers = 2 /tank
Capacity of air blowers required = 816.3107 Nm3/hr
Capacity of air blower provided with 25% safety
factor = 1030 Nm3/hr
No. Of operational air blowers = 4
No. Of standby air blowers = 2

SLUDGE WASTING:

Excess biological sludge to be wasted = 759 kg/day

No. of tanks = 2
Sludge wasted per tank = 379.5 Kg/day
No. Of cycles per tank = 3
Sludge wasted per cycle per tank = 126.5 Kg/day
Solids consistency in the wasted sludge = 0.8 %
Specific gravity of sludge = 1.03
Volume of sludge wasted per tank in one cycle = 15.35194 m3
Running time of SAS pump per cycle = 10 min
Capacity of SAS pump required = 89.42879 m3
Capacity of SAS provided = 90 m3
DISINFECTION

Chlorine Contat Tank

No. Of Units 1
Design Flow 4 MLD
166.6666667 m3/hr
HRT @ Design Flow 1 hr
Volume of Cl2 contact tank 166.6666667 m3
SWD Provided = 4 m
Width Provided = 5 m
Length required = 8.333333333 m
Length Provided = 9 m
Volume Provided = 180 m3
Freeboard = 0.5 m

CHLORINATORS

Chlorine gas dosage (max) = 5 mg/L

Quantity of Cl2 required = 0.833333333 Kg/hr
No. Of working Chlorinator = 1
Capacity of Chlorinator required = 0.833333333 Kg/Hr
Capacitor of chlorinator provided = 1 Kg/Hr
No. of standby chlorinator = 1
Quantity of chlorine required = 24 Kg/day
Storage Period = 30 days
Quantity of chlorine required = 720 Kg
Capacity of a chlorine toner = 928 Kg
No. of toners required = 1
No. of chlorine toners provided = 2
FACULTATIVE POND

Q = 4 MLD
BOD, So = 355 mg/L
BOD, Se = 10 mg/L
Mean temperature during winter = 18 deg C
Degradation rate constant ' k' = 0.3 /day at 20 deg C

K @18 deg C = 0.272108844 /day

For facultative ponds in series: Volume is identical

Se, max = 60 mg/L

Se,max = 700/(1.8d +8)

Depth of pond 'd' = (700 -8Se,max)/1.8Se,max

d = 2.037037037 m

depth is less than 2.5 m and is acceptable

Detention time = (1/k)(So - Se)/Se

First pond, Se1= Se,max

1 = 18.06875 days

To find number of ponds:

Se = So/((1+kI)^n)

n = (log So - logSe)/log(1+ ki)

= 2.007867281

Number of ponds provided = 3

Volume of each pond = *Q

= 72275000 L
= 72275 m3
Area of each pond = Volume/Depth
= 35480.45455 m2

Taking L:B = 2

2B*B = Area = 35480.45455 m2

Bredth = 133.1924445 m
Length = 266.384889 m
POLISHING POND

No = 2000000 FC/100mL
% disinfection = 99.99 %

Ne = 200 FC/100mL

Q = 4 MLD
Kd @ 20deg C = 2.6 /day
Kd @ 25 deg C = 6.204519516 /day

Ne/No = (1/1 + Kd*)^n

HRT = 10 days

Ne/No = 0.0001

(1/1 + Kd*) = 0.015861637

n = 2.222651943

no. of ponds = 3

Volume of each pond = 13333.33333 m3

Depth = 1 m

Area of pond = 13333.33333 m2

L/B = 3.00

3B^2 = 13333.33333 m2

Bredth = 66.66666667 m

Length = 200 m