AQUDUCT

40
MIDDLE TROUGH BEAM

DESIGN OF ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS
( Conforming to IRC:83 ( Part II ) - 1987 )
Elastomeric bearings are provided over the pier under the beams
No. of Bearings at each end of pier = 3
No. of Bearings at each end of beam = 2
Effective span of Beam = 16.50 m. ( c/c of Bearings )
Overall length of beam = 17.50 m.
Width of beam = 300 mm
Depth of beam at face of the end block = 3640 mm
Depth of beam at midspan = 3640 mm
Ht of parapet/ side wall = 730 mm
RL of Bed level = -1.50 m
RL at bottom of soffit = 1.97 m
RL at top of side wall = 5.89 m
Overall Depth of beam (AVERAGE) = 4.370 m.
c/c of Bearings in Transverse direction = 3.450 m.
Load due to self wt. of beams &trough per bearing = 71.35 t. 214.1
Load due to water load = 90.42 t.
Max dead load moment in span = 1435.0 t.m
Max. vertical load on the Bearing Nmax. =

71.35 + 90.42 = 161.77 t.
Min. vertical load on the Bearing Nmin. =
71.35 + = 71.35 t
ELASTOMARICIC BEARING DETAILS
It is propposed to adopt bearing size of = 500 x 320 mm
bo = Shorter dimension of bearing = 320 mm

lo = Longer dimension of bearing = 500 mm
hi = Thickness of indivisual elastomer layer = 12 mm
n = Total no. of indivisual elastomer layers = 4 nos.
hs = Thickness of indivisual steel plate = 6 mm
he = Top and bottom cover to the elastomer = 4 mm
c = Side cover to the elastomer = 6 mm
ho = Total height of bearing

= 4 x 12 + 2 x 4
+ 5 x 6 = 86 mm
h = Total elastomer thickness
= 4 x 12 + 2 x 4 = 56 mm
Overall size of bearing = 500 x 320 x 86 mm
Nmax. allowable = 150 t < 161.77 t

Nmin. allowable = 30 t < 71.35 t
Size of pedestal = 800 x 550 x 114 mm

41
CHECK FOR SIZES :
a) lo / bo <= 2
lo / bo = 500 / 320 = 1.56
Hence O. K.
b) ho <= lo / 5 >= bo / 10
lo / 5 = 500 / 5 = 100 mm
bo / 10 = 320 / 10 = 32 mm
ho = 86 mm < lo / 5 Hence O. K.
> bo / 10 Hence O. K.
c) Shape factor S > 6 <= 12

S = lxb
2 hi ( a+b)
Where l = lo - 2 c = 488 mm
b = bo - 2 c = 308 mm
S = 488 x 308
2x 12 ( 488 + 308 )
= 7.87 > 6 Hence O. K.
<. 12 Hence O. K.
CHECK FOR BEARING STRESS :
Actual bearing stress = Load / Area

Load = 161.77 t
Area = 488 x 308 = 150304 mm
= = 0.150 m
Actual bearing stress = 161.77 / 0.1503 = 1076.3 t/m
Allowable bearing stress = c = A1 x cc

A2
Where = A1 is limited to 2 if greater than 2
A2
A1 = 800.00 x 550.00 = 440000 mm
A2 = 488.00 x 308.00 = 150304 mm
= A1 = 440000 = 1.71 < 2

A2 150304 limited to = 1.710965
c = 1.71096 x 7.5 = 12.8322 N/mm

for M30 grde concrete = 1283.22 t/m > 1076.3 t/m
Hence O. K.
CHECK FOR TRANSLATION :

( As per Clause no. 916. 3. 4 of IRC -83 ( Part II ) - 1987 )
d <= 0.7 , where d = ld 2 + bd 2
d = bd + md
h
For horizontal forces in Longitudinal direction:
md = H / A
H = Horizontal force on bearing
Horizontal load due to breaking force
H1 = 20 % of x 0.00 / 2 = 0.000 t
42
Horizontal load due to sesmic force on superstructure

H2 = 1 % of x 161.77 = 1.618 t
Resultant H = 0.00 + 1.62 = 1.618 t
H per bearing = 1.618 t

md = 1617.68
( 32 - 1.2 )( 50 - 1.2 )
md = 1.076 Kg / cm 2 md = 0.108 MPa
bd = Longitudinal translation due to creep, shrinkage and temperature

( As per Clause no. 916.3.4 of IRC - 83 ( Part II ) - 1987 )
= 5 x 1E-4 x 16.5 / 2 = 0.004 m
bd = 4.125 mm
bd = 4.125 + 0.108 = 0.156 MPa
86
For horizontal forces in Transverse direction:
WIND LOAD REACTION

( Vide cl.212.3,212.4,212.5,212.6,212.7, of IRC: 6 - 1966 )
Avg Ht. Of cg of Girder = 5.428 m

from bed level
Multiplication factor = 1.00
Height Wind pressure velocity of

m kg/m 2
wind km/hr
4 63 128
5.428 X Y
6 73 118
X= ( 73 - 63 )( 5.428 - 4 )+ 63
( 6 - 4 ) = 70.14 kg/cm2
Y= ( 118 - 128 )( 5.428 - 4 )+ 128
( 6 - 4 ) = 120.9 km/hr
< 130 km/hr
.'. Live load is to be considered
Case I :-
Exposed area of beam =
17.5 x 4.370 = 76.475 m2
( Vide cl.212.6 of IRC: 6 - 1966 ) is considered for design
Wind force on beam = 70.138 x 76.475 = 5363.765 kg.
Wind force on beam per linear meter on unloaded area
= 5363.77 / 17.50 = 306.50 kg/m
Wind load of 300 kg/m.on vehicular Live Load (for ordinary Highway bridges)
Wind force due to L.L = 300 x 17.50 = 5250.0 kg.
Total Wind force = 10613.8 kg.
Total Wind force per meter on loaded length = 306.50 + 300
= 606.50 > 450 kg/m
Total Wind force per meter = 606.50 kg/m
Case 2 :-
Wind force on beam = 240 x 17.50 x 4.370 = 18354 kg.
kg/m2 > 10613.8 kg.
43
... Design Wind Force = 18354 kg = 18.35 t

Horizontal force per bearing = 18.35 = 3.06 t.
2 x 3
md = 3059.00
( 32 - 1.2 )( 50 - 1.2 )
md = 2.0352 Kg/cm2 md = 0.204 Mpa
ld = H x ho Where G : Shear modulus = 8 Kg/cm

G xA
ld = 3059.0 x 8.6
8 x( 32 - 1.2 )x( 50 - 1.2 )
ld = 2.188 cm
ld = ld + md
h
ld = 2.188 + 0.204 = 0.594 Mpa
5.6
d = ld2 + bd 2 = +
d = 0.614 < 0.7 Hence O. K.
CHECK FOR ROTATION : ( As per Clause : 916.3.5 of IRC - 83 ( Part II ) - 1987 )
d <= x n x bimax
where d = bd
bd = 400 x M max x L x 10.-3
(E x I)
Ec = 5700 fck = 5700 25 = 28500 N / mm2

= 2850000 T/ m2
For Dead - load , Ec /2 = 3E+006 / 2 = 1425000 T/ m2
For Live - load E = Ec = 3E+006 Kg / cm 2
I : Moment of inertia of beam = 300 x 3640 3

/ 12
= 1E+12 mm4 = 1E+00 m4
L : Total length of beam = 2E+01 m
Dead - load moment = 1E+03 tm
Live - load moment = 0E+00 tm
bd = 4E+02 x 1E+03 + 0E+00 ) x 16.500 x 10.-3

1E+006 3E+006 1.206
d = bd = 5.512 x 10.-3
Where = m / 10
m min = V loadmin = 71351.67 = 47.472 Kg / cm2
A 30.8 x 48.8
min = 4.747 Mpa
1 = m / 10 = 0.475
m max. = V loadmax = 161768.33 = 107.63 Kg / cm2
A 30.8 x 48.8
m max. = 10.76 Mpa
= m / 10 = 1.076
bi max = 0.5 x m x hi
b x s2
where m = 10 Mpa = 100 Kg / cm2
44
bi max = 0.5 x 100 x 1.20 = 0.031 Kg / cm2

30.8 x 61.90
.'. bi max = 0.003 Mpa
d <= x n x bimax
d <= 1.076 x 4 x 0.003 = 13.548 x 10.-3
d : 5.512 x 10.
-3
< bi max : 13.548 x 10.-3
Where ( Calculated earlier ) Hence O. K.
CHECK FOR FRICTION

( As per Clause 916.3.6 of IRC : 83 ( Part II ) - 1987 )
d <= 0.2 + 0.1 x m
d = 0.6142 ( Calculated earlier )
max = 161.77 x 1000 = 107.63 Kg / cm2
30.8 x 48.8 = 10.76 Mpa < 10+10% Mpa
Hence Safe
min = 71.35 x 1000 = 47.472 Kg / cm2
30.8 x 48.8 = 4.75 Mpa > 2 Mpa Safe
We required : 10 >= >= 2

Now 0.2 + 0.1 x m
= 0.2 + 0.1 x
= 1.276 > 0.614 Mpa Hence O.K.
CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS:

( As per clause 916.3.7 of IRC : 83 ( Part II) -1987 )
c + + <= 5 Mpa
Where
c = 1.5 x m = 1.5 x 10.763 = 2.052 Mpa
S 7.868
= d = 0.614 Mpa
= 0.5 x ( b / hi )2 x bi
bi = 0.5 x 10.763 x = 0.003 Mpa
30.8 x 61.900
= 0.5 x 30.8 x 0.003 = 1.116 Mpa
1.20
c++ = 2.052 + 0.614 + 1.116 = 3.782 Mpa
< 5.0 Mpa Hence O. K.
320 x 500 x 86 thk.
500 mm
4 mm
320 312 mm
X X
4 mm
488 mm
6 mm PLAN 6 mm
5 nos. of 6 mm each metal plate

45
Elastomer
4 nos
12 mm thk
488 mm
6 mm 6 mm
SECTION X - X
END TROUGH BEAM

RL of Bed level = -1.5 m
Load due to self wt. of beams &trough per bearing = 38.90 t.

Load due to water load and live load = 28.81 t.

38.90 + 28.81 = 67.71 t.
38.90 + = 38.90 t


= 3 x 12 + 2 x 4
+ 4 x 6 = 68 mm
= 3 x 12 + 2 x 4 = 44 mm
46

CHECK FOR SIZES :
a) lo / bo <= 2
lo / bo = 500 / 250 = 2.00
Unsafe
b) ho <= lo / 5 >= bo / 10
lo / 5 = 500 / 5 = 100 mm
bo / 10 = 250 / 10 = 25 mm

S = lxb
2 hi ( a+b)
b = bo - 2 c = 238 mm
S = 488 x 238
2x 12 ( 488 + 238 )
= 6.67 > 6 Hence O. K.
<. 12 Hence O. K.

Load = 67.71 t
Area = 488 x 238 = 116144 mm
= = 0.116 m

A2
A2
A1 = 800.00 x 550.00 = 440000 mm
A2 = 488.00 x 238.00 = 116144 mm
= A1 = 440000 = 1.95 < 2

A2 116144 limited to = 1.946381
c = 1.94638 x 7.5 = 14.5979 N/mm

Hence O. K.

47
d <= 0.7 , where d = ld 2 + bd 2
d = bd + md
h
md = H / A
H1 = 20 % of x 0.00 / 2 = 0.000 t

H2 = 1 % of x 67.71 = 0.677 t
Resultant H = 0.00 + 0.68 = 0.677 t

md = 677.13
( 25 - 1.2 )( 50 - 1.2 )
md = 0.583 Kg / cm 2 md = 0.058 MPa

= 5 x 1E-4 x 16.5 / 2 = 0.004 m
bd = 4.125 mm
bd = 4.125 + 0.058 = 0.119 MPa
68
WIND LOAD REACTION

( Vide cl.212.3,212.4,212.5,212.6,212.7, of IRC: 6 - 1966 )

from bed level

m kg/m 2
wind km/hr
4 63 136
5.428 X Y
6 73 128
X= ( 73 - 63 )( 5.428 - 4 )+ 63
( 6 - 4 ) = 70.14 kg/cm2
Y= ( 128 - 136 )( 5.428 - 4 )+ 136
( 6 - 4 ) = 130.3 km/hr
> 130 km/hr
.'. Live load need not be considered
Case I :-
Exposed area of beam 17.5 = x 4.370 = 76.475 m2
Wind force on beam = 70.138 x 76.475 = 5363.765 kg.
= 5363.77 / 17.50 = 306.50 kg/m
48

Total Wind force = 5364 kg.
= 306.50 < 450 kg/m
Case 2 :-
kg/m2 > 5364 kg.
2 x 3
md = 3059.00
( 25 - 1.2 )( 50 - 1.2 )
md = 2.6338 Kg/cm2 md = 0.263 Mpa

G xA
ld = 3059.0 x 6.8
8 x( 25 - 1.2 )x( 50 - 1.2 )
ld = 2.239 cm
ld = ld + md
h
ld = 2.239 + 0.263 = 0.772 Mpa
4.4
d = ld2 + bd 2 = +
d = 0.781 > 0.7 Unsafe
d <= x n x bimax
where d = bd
bd = 400 x M max x L x 10.-3
(E x I)
Ec = 5700 fck = 5700 25 = 28500 N / mm2

= 2850000 T/ m2
For Dead - load , Ec /2 = 3E+006 / 2 = 1425000 T/ m2
For Live - load E = Ec = 3E+006 Kg / cm2

/ 12
= 1E+12 mm4 = 1E+00 m4
bd = 4E+02 x 1E+03 + 0E+00 ) x 16.500 x 10.-3

1E+006 3E+006 1.206
d = bd = 5.512 x 10.-3
Where = m / 10
A 23.8 x 48.8
min = 3.349 Mpa
49
1 = m / 10 = 0.335
A 23.8 x 48.8
m max. = 5.83 Mpa
= m / 10 = 0.583
b x s2
bi max = 0.5 x 100 x 1.20 = 0.057 Kg / cm2
23.8 x 44.43
.'. bi max = 0.006 Mpa
d <= x n x bimax
d <= 0.583 x 3 x 0.006 = 9.924 x 10.-3
d : 5.512 x 10.
-3
< bi max : 9.924 x 10.-3
CHECK FOR FRICTION

d <= 0.2 + 0.1 x m
max = 67.713 x 1000 = 58.301 Kg / cm2
23.8 x 48.8 = 5.83 Mpa < 10 Mpa
Hence Safe
min = 38.90 x 1000 = 33.495 Kg / cm2
23.8 x 48.8 = 3.35 Mpa > 2 Mpa Safe

Now 0.2 + 0.1 x m
= 0.2 + 0.1 x
= 0.783 > 0.781 Mpa Hence O.K.

c + + <= 5 Mpa
Where
c = 1.5 x m = 1.5 x 5.830 = 1.312 Mpa
S 6.666
= d = 0.781 Mpa
= 0.5 x ( b / hi )2 x bi
bi = 0.5 x 5.830 x = 0.003 Mpa
23.8 x 44.432
= 0.5 x 23.8 x 0.003 = 0.651 Mpa
1.20
c++ = 1.312 + 0.781 + 0.651 = 2.744 Mpa
250 x 500 x 68 thk.
500 mm
4 mm
250 242 mm
50
X X
4 mm
488 mm
6 mm PLAN 6 mm
Elastomer
3 nos
12 mm thk
488 mm
6 mm 6 mm
SECTION X - X
TEL CALCULATIONS
canal
8 7 2 1
6 5 4 3
9.50 6.90 6.30 6.30 6.90 9.50
6 5 4 3 m
8 7 3:1 5:1 2 1
contraction transition flumed portion expansion transition
3.90 156.00 6.50
no of vents 2
wall thick 0.3
Parameter Sec1 -1 sec2-2 sec3-3 sec4-4 sec5-5 sec6-6 sec7-7 sec8-8
Rugosity coefficient (n) 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025
Discharge (cumecs) 11.052 11.052 11.052 11.052 11.052 11.052 11.052 11.052
Bed level 254.79 254.79 254.79 254.54 254.79 254.79 254.79 254.790 0.000
Side slopes 1 in 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.5
Bed width of drain (m) 9.50 9.50 6.90 6.30 6.30 6.90 9.50 9.50
Depth of flow (m) 1.400 1.400 1.367 1.625 1.534 1.547 1.590 1.590
MFL 256.190 256.190 256.157 256.165 256.324 256.337 256.380 256.380 0.190
Area of cross section(m2) 16.24 16.24 9.43 10.24 9.66 10.67 18.89 18.89
Perimetre (m) 14.55 14.55 9.63 12.80 12.44 13.09 20.96 15.23
Velocity (m/s) 0.681 0.681 1.172 1.080 1.144 1.036 0.585 0.585
Velocity Head (V2/2g) 0.024 0.024 0.070 0.059 0.067 0.055 0.017 0.017
TEL (wrt MFL) = MFL + velocity head 256.214 256.214 256.227 256.224 256.390 256.391 256.397 256.397 0.0184889
Legth of section 0.00 0.00 6.50 0.00 156.00 0.00 3.90 0.00
Surface slope 0.00025 0.00025 0.00088 0.00098 0.00114 0.00088 0.00025 0.00016
Friction loss 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.166 0.000 0.002 0.000
Eddy loss 0.000 0.000 0.009 -0.002 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.000
TEL (wrt previous TEL) 256.214 256.214 256.227 256.224 256.391 256.392 256.397 256.397
diff 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF AQUEDUCT
1 Hydraulic particulars of canal:
Discharge : 11.052 cumecs

Bed width : 9.500 m
F.S.D. : 1.400 m
Side slopes : 1.5:1
Bed fall : 1 in 4000
Velocity : 0.680 m/s
Rugosity coefficient (n) : 0.025
Free board : 0.750 m
C.B.L : 254.990 m
F.S.L : 256.390 m
T.B.L : 257.140 m
G.L : 249.460 m
2 Hydraulic particulars of Halia river
Bed level : 249.460 m

Catchment Area : 36.500 sqkm (14.093 sqmiles) 1 sqkm = 0.3681 sqmile
M.F.D : 288.050 Cumecs
O.M.F.L : 254.002 m
The bed level of drain (+249.46) is below the canal FSL (+256.39), by -6.93m
Hence an AQUEDUCT is proposed
3 Trial pit particulars:
Bore hole particulars are furnished separately
4 Flood discharge of drain:
Discharge calculation from Dicken's Formula:

Q = C M3/4 from CE/CDO guide lines
Where Q is discharge in cusecs
M is catchment area in sqmiles
C is coefficient depending on catchment area
CA upto 1.0 sqmile 1400
CA from 1.0 sqmile to 30 sqmiles 1200
CA more than 30 sqmiles 1060
Q = 1200 x (14.093)^3/4 = 8728.22 cusecs = 247.01 cumecs 1 cusec = 0.0283 cumec

say Q = 288.05 cumecs
5 Drain bed slope and MFL calculations:
Drain bed slope calculations:
Chainage in mts Bed levels

5
200 m U/S 166.970

150 m U/S 166.890
100 m U/S 257.895
0 at centre 249.460
100 m D/S 254.232
150 m D/S 166.385
200 m D/S 166.355
From To Slope
200 m U/S 0 at centre = 1 in -2.42
0 at centre 200 m D/S = 1 in 2.41
200 m U/S 200 m D/S = 1 in 650.41
150 m U/S 0 at centre = 1 in -1.82
0 at centre 150 m D/S = 1 in 1.81
150 m U/S 150 m D/S = 1 in 594.06
100 m U/S 0 at centre = 1 in 11.86
0 at centre 100 m D/S = 1 in -20.96
100 m U/S 100 m D/S = 1 in 54.60
Average slope = 1 in 139.30
Drain MFL calculations:
MFL calculations are done at 0/0 and the MFL is + = 171.293 m

Observed MFL = 169.100 m
ASSUMED WATER LEVEL = 171.293 m
CALCULATED DISCHARGE = 8310.48 cumecs
TOTAL DISCHARGE = 4082.00 cumecs
COEFFICIENT OF RUGOSITY = 0.025
SURFACE FALL 1 IN = 139.30
= 0.00718
6
CHAINAGE G.LEVEL HOR. G.LEVEL DEPTH AVE. HOR. PERIMETER AREA

DIST. OF FLOW DEPTH DIST.
Canal-D/S
165 173.433 171.293 0.000
5 0.597 1.790 2.151 1.068
160 170.100 170.100 1.193
5 1.168 5.000 5.000 5.842
155 170.150 170.150 1.143
5 1.628 5.000 5.093 8.142
150 169.180 169.180 2.113
5 1.428 5.000 5.184 7.142
145 170.550 170.550 0.743
5 0.833 5.000 5.003 4.167
140 170.370 170.370 0.923
5 1.498 5.000 5.131 7.492
135 169.220 169.220 2.073
5 2.421 5.000 5.048 12.104
130 168.525 168.525 2.768
5 2.918 5.000 5.009 14.592
125 168.225 168.225 3.068
5 3.038 5.000 5.000 15.192
120 168.285 168.285 3.008
5 3.078 5.000 5.002 15.392
115 168.145 168.145 3.148
5 3.348 5.000 5.016 16.742
110 167.745 167.745 3.548
5 3.513 5.000 5.000 17.567
105 167.815 167.815 3.478
5 3.493 5.000 5.000 17.467
100 167.785 167.785 3.508
5 3.588 5.000 5.003 17.942
95 167.625 167.625 3.668
5 3.723 5.000 5.001 18.617
90 167.515 167.515 3.778
5 3.783 5.000 5.000 18.917
85 167.505 167.505 3.788
5 3.708 5.000 5.003 18.542
80 167.665 167.665 3.628
5 3.668 5.000 5.001 18.342
75 167.585 167.585 3.708
5 3.713 5.000 5.000 18.567
70 167.575 167.575 3.718
5 3.633 5.000 5.003 18.167
65 167.745 167.745 3.548
5 3.943 5.000 5.062 19.717
60 166.955 166.955 4.338
5 4.773 5.000 5.075 23.867
55 166.085 166.085 5.208
5 4.803 5.000 5.065 24.017
50 166.895 166.895 4.398
5 4.498 5.000 5.004 22.492
45 166.695 166.695 4.598
5 4.713 5.000 5.005 23.567
40 166.465 166.465 4.828
5 4.888 5.000 5.001 24.442
35 166.345 166.345 4.948
5 5.028 5.000 5.003 25.142
30 166.185 166.185 5.108
7
5 5.138 5.000 5.000 25.692

25 166.125 166.125 5.168
5 5.143 5.000 5.000 25.717
20 166.175 166.175 5.118
5 4.983 5.000 5.007 24.917
15 166.445 166.445 4.848
5 4.763 5.000 5.003 23.817
10 166.615 166.615 4.678
5 4.663 5.000 5.000 23.317
5 166.645 166.645 4.648
5 4.761 5.000 5.005 23.804
0 166.420 166.420 4.873
5 4.661 5.000 5.018 23.304
5 166.845 166.845 4.448
5 4.608 5.000 5.010 23.042
10 166.525 166.525 4.768
5 4.888 5.000 5.006 24.442
15 166.285 166.285 5.008
5 4.503 5.000 5.101 22.517
20 167.295 167.295 3.998
5 3.818 5.000 5.013 19.092
25 167.655 167.655 3.638
5 3.613 5.000 5.000 18.067
30 167.705 167.705 3.588
5 3.593 5.000 5.000 17.967
35 167.695 167.695 3.598
5 3.573 5.000 5.000 17.867
40 167.745 167.745 3.548
5 3.598 5.000 5.001 17.992
45 167.645 167.645 3.648
5 3.603 5.000 5.001 18.017
40 167.735 167.735 3.558
5 3.598 5.000 5.001 17.992
55 167.655 167.655 3.638
5 3.453 5.000 5.014 17.267
60 168.025 168.025 3.268
5 3.233 5.000 5.000 16.167
65 168.095 168.095 3.198
5 3.298 5.000 5.004 16.492
70 167.895 167.895 3.398
5 3.363 5.000 5.000 16.817
75 167.965 167.965 3.328
5 3.788 5.000 5.084 18.942
80 167.045 167.045 4.248
5 3.673 5.000 5.131 18.367
85 168.195 168.195 3.098
5 3.098 5.000 5.000 15.492
90 168.195 168.195 3.098
5 3.103 5.000 5.000 15.517
95 168.185 168.185 3.108
5 3.118 5.000 5.000 15.592
100 168.165 168.165 3.128
5 3.263 5.000 5.007 16.317
105 167.895 167.895 3.398
5 3.351 5.000 5.001 16.754
110 167.990 167.990 3.303
5 3.198 5.000 5.004 15.992
115 168.200 168.200 3.093
5 2.583 5.000 5.103 12.917
8
120 169.220 169.220 2.073

5 2.191 5.000 5.006 10.954
125 168.985 168.985 2.308
5 2.318 5.000 5.000 11.592
130 168.965 168.965 2.328
5 2.331 5.000 5.000 11.654
135 168.960 168.960 2.333
5 2.336 5.000 5.000 11.679
140 168.955 168.955 2.338
5 2.341 5.000 5.000 11.704
145 168.950 168.950 2.343
5 2.018 5.000 5.042 10.092
150 169.600 169.600 1.693
5 0.847 2.540 3.053 2.151
155 172.933 171.293 0.000
Canal-U/S
166.085 320.000 5.208 314.330 316.480 1085.268
SURFACE FALL (S) = 0.007

MAX.DEPTH = 5.208 m.
WETTED PERIMETER = TOTAL HOR.DIST. + MAX.DEPTH
319.539 m.
AREA = 1085.268 m
R = 3.396 m.
R^2/3 = 2.259 m.
VELOCITY = 7.658 m/sec.
DISCHARGE = 8310.482 cumecs.
6 Design of Ventway:
a. Drain:
Ventway:
width of drain as per Lacey's regime perimeter equation:

P = 4.75Q = 80.62 m
for drainage channels in plains, waterway in works without rigid floor is usually
60 to 80% of the perimeter given by Lacey's formula.
In drainage channel when the course is undefined, 70 to 90% of the Lacey's waterway
may be adopted.
70% of regime perimeter 56.43 m Cl. 8.1.2 of IS 7784 (Part 1) : 1993
Hence provide 144m waterway for drain Cl. 8.8 of IS 7784 (Part 1) : 1993
The vent way for drain is proposed as 12 Nos of each 12.00 m spans
Vertical clearence:
The bed level of drain at cente of crossing is = 249.460 m

TheMFL of drain at cente of crossing is = 171.293 m
The bed level of trough is proposed at = 254.990 m
Vertical clearence available = = 83.697 m
The trough bottom will be in submergence and there will be uplift on trough
9
b. Canal:
The vent way for canal is proposed as closed box with 2 vents of 3.05 m each
The total length of trough 144.00 m up to free ends
TEL calculatons are done for the above section and length with transitions
Contraction & Expansion Lengths:
Contraction splay 3 : 1 (on u/s) Expansion splay 5 : 1 (on d/s)
Let the waterway in the of trough be 210.0 m
Length of contraction transition = (10.5 - 6.4) x 3 / 2 = 6.15 m

Provide 6.15 m
Length of expansion transition = (10.5 - 6.4) x 5 / 2 = 10.25 m
Provide 10.25 m
Length of the trough = 144.00 m
Total length of the structure including transitions 160.40 m
TEL Calculations
canal
8 7 2 1
6 5 4 3
10.50 6.40 6.10 6.10 6.40 10.50
6 5 4 3 m
8 7 3:1 5:1 2 1
contraction transition flumed portion expansion transition
6.15 225.00 10.25
no of vents 2
wall thick 0.3
Parameter Sec1 -1 sec2-2 sec3-3 sec4-4 sec5-5 sec6-6 sec7-7 sec8-8
Rugosity coefficient (n 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018
Discharge (cumecs) 22.44 22.44 22.44 22.44 22.44 22.44 22.44 22.44
Bed level 169.575 169.575 169.575 169.575 169.800 169.800 169.802 169.802
Side slopes 1in 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.5
Bed width of drain ( 10.50 10.50 6.40 6.10 6.10 6.40 10.50 10.50
Depth of flow (m) 2.500 2.500 2.434 2.425 2.383 2.396 2.495 2.495
MFL 172.075 172.075 172.009 172.000 172.183 172.196 172.297 172.297
Area of cross section(m 35.63 35.62 15.58 14.79 14.53 15.34 35.54 35.54
Perimetre (m) 19.51 19.51 11.27 15.80 15.63 15.98 28.49 19.50
Velocity (m/s) 0.630 0.630 1.440 1.517 1.544 1.463 0.631 0.631
Velocity Head (V2/2g) 0.020 0.020 0.106 0.117 0.122 0.109 0.020 0.020
TEL (wrt MFL) = MFL + 172.095 172.095 172.115 172.117 172.304 172.305 172.318 172.318
Legth of section 0.00 0.00 10.25 0.00 225.00 0.00 6.15 0.00
Surface slope 0.00006 0.00006 0.00044 0.00081 0.00085 0.00073 0.00010 0.00006
Friction loss 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.187 0.000 0.003 0.000
Eddy loss 0.000 0.000 0.017 0.002 0.000 0.001 0.009 0.000
10
TEL (wrt previous TEL 172.095 172.095 172.115 172.117 172.305 172.305 172.317 172.318
diff 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 -0.001 0.000
7 Scour depth calculations and Protection Works:
The mean depth of scour below HFL is given by;
I) Scour Depth :
at ends
dsm = 1.34 (Di2/Ksf)1/3
where, Di = the discharge in cumecs per metre width.
Ksf = silt factor
Di = 4082.00 / 144.00 = 28.347 cumecs/m
Ksf = 2.0 from soil investigation report
dsm = 1.34 x (28.347^2 / 2)^(1/3) = 9.888 m below HFL
Normal scour level = 161.405 -88.055 m below drain bed level
max.depth of scour with 1.5 factor 14.832 m below HFL
scour level = 156.461 -92.999 m below drain bed level
at pier locations
Di = 4082.00 / 144.00 = 28.35 cumecs/m
Ksf = 2.0
dsm = 1.34 x (28.347^2 / 2)^(1/3) = 9.888 m below HFL
max.depth of scour with 2.00 factor 19.776 m below HFL
Based on scour depth calculations and bore hole particulars, the foundations are proposed
MFL CALCULATIONS AT CH. 0/0
DATA
ASSUMED WATER LEVEL = 171.241 M.
= 0.00718

Canal-D/S
165 173.433 171.241 0.000
5 0.571 1.712 2.057 0.977
160 170.100 170.100 1.141
5 1.116 5.000 5.000 5.581
155 170.150 170.150 1.091
5 1.576 5.000 5.093 7.881
150 169.180 169.180 2.061
5 1.376 5.000 5.184 6.881
145 170.550 170.550 0.691
5 0.781 5.000 5.003 3.906
140 170.370 170.370 0.871
5 1.446 5.000 5.131 7.231
135 169.220 169.220 2.021
5 2.369 5.000 5.048 11.844
130 168.525 168.525 2.716
5 2.866 5.000 5.009 14.331
125 168.225 168.225 3.016
5 2.986 5.000 5.000 14.931
120 168.285 168.285 2.956
5 3.026 5.000 5.002 15.131
115 168.145 168.145 3.096
5 3.296 5.000 5.016 16.481
110 167.745 167.745 3.496
5 3.461 5.000 5.000 17.306
105 167.815 167.815 3.426
5 3.441 5.000 5.000 17.206
100 167.785 167.785 3.456
5 3.536 5.000 5.003 17.681
95 167.625 167.625 3.616
5 3.671 5.000 5.001 18.356
90 167.515 167.515 3.726
5 3.731 5.000 5.000 18.656
85 167.505 167.505 3.736
5 3.656 5.000 5.003 18.281
80 167.665 167.665 3.576
5 3.616 5.000 5.001 18.081
75 167.585 167.585 3.656
5 3.661 5.000 5.000 18.306
70 167.575 167.575 3.666
5 3.581 5.000 5.003 17.906
65 167.745 167.745 3.496
5 3.891 5.000 5.062 19.456
60 166.955 166.955 4.286
5 4.721 5.000 5.075 23.606
55 166.085 166.085 5.156
5 4.751 5.000 5.065 23.756
50 166.895 166.895 4.346
5 4.446 5.000 5.004 22.231
45 166.695 166.695 4.546
5 4.661 5.000 5.005 23.306
40 166.465 166.465 4.776
5 4.836 5.000 5.001 24.181
35 166.345 166.345 4.896
5 4.976 5.000 5.003 24.881
30 166.185 166.185 5.056
5 5.086 5.000 5.000 25.431
25 166.125 166.125 5.116
5 5.091 5.000 5.000 25.456
20 166.175 166.175 5.066
5 4.931 5.000 5.007 24.656
15 166.445 166.445 4.796
5 4.711 5.000 5.003 23.556
10 166.615 166.615 4.626
5 4.611 5.000 5.000 23.056
5 166.645 166.645 4.596
5 4.709 5.000 5.005 23.544
0 166.420 166.420 4.821
5 4.609 5.000 5.018 23.044
5 166.845 166.845 4.396
5 4.556 5.000 5.010 22.781
10 166.525 166.525 4.716
5 4.836 5.000 5.006 24.181
15 166.285 166.285 4.956
5 4.451 5.000 5.101 22.256
20 167.295 167.295 3.946
5 3.766 5.000 5.013 18.831
25 167.655 167.655 3.586
5 3.561 5.000 5.000 17.806
30 167.705 167.705 3.536
5 3.541 5.000 5.000 17.706
35 167.695 167.695 3.546
5 3.521 5.000 5.000 17.606
40 167.745 167.745 3.496
5 3.546 5.000 5.001 17.731
45 167.645 167.645 3.596
5 3.551 5.000 5.001 17.756
40 167.735 167.735 3.506
5 3.546 5.000 5.001 17.731
55 167.655 167.655 3.586
5 3.401 5.000 5.014 17.006
60 168.025 168.025 3.216
5 3.181 5.000 5.000 15.906
65 168.095 168.095 3.146
5 3.246 5.000 5.004 16.231
70 167.895 167.895 3.346
5 3.311 5.000 5.000 16.556
75 167.965 167.965 3.276
5 3.736 5.000 5.084 18.681
80 167.045 167.045 4.196
5 3.621 5.000 5.131 18.106
85 168.195 168.195 3.046
5 3.046 5.000 5.000 15.231
90 168.195 168.195 3.046
5 3.051 5.000 5.000 15.256
95 168.185 168.185 3.056
5 3.066 5.000 5.000 15.331
100 168.165 168.165 3.076
5 3.211 5.000 5.007 16.056
105 167.895 167.895 3.346
5 3.299 5.000 5.001 16.494
110 167.990 167.990 3.251
5 3.146 5.000 5.004 15.731
115 168.200 168.200 3.041
5 2.531 5.000 5.103 12.656
120 169.220 169.220 2.021
5 2.139 5.000 5.006 10.694
125 168.985 168.985 2.256
5 2.266 5.000 5.000 11.331
130 168.965 168.965 2.276
5 2.279 5.000 5.000 11.394
135 168.960 168.960 2.281
5 2.284 5.000 5.000 11.419
140 168.955 168.955 2.286
5 2.289 5.000 5.000 11.444
145 168.950 168.950 2.291
5 1.966 5.000 5.042 9.831
150 169.600 169.600 1.641
5 0.821 2.462 2.959 2.020
155 172.933 171.241 0.000
Canal-U/S
167.505 320.000 5.156 302.462 304.142 1068.889

307.618 m.
AREA = 1068.889 m
R = 3.475 m.
R^2/3 = 2.294 m.
MFL CALCULATIONS AT CH. 0/0
DATA
ASSUMED WATER LEVEL = 171.503 M.
ASSUMED WATER LEVEL = 0.00718
S.NO. G.LEVEL HOR. G.LEVEL DEPTH AVE. HOR. PERIMETER AREA

1 178.245 171.503 0.000

15 1.628 4.886 5.872 7.957
2 168.246 168.246 3.257
15 3.257 15.000 15.000 48.862
3 168.245 168.245 3.258
15 3.353 15.000 15.001 50.295
4 168.055 168.055 3.448
15 3.693 15.000 15.008 55.395
5 167.565 167.565 3.938
15 3.843 15.000 15.001 57.645
6 167.755 167.755 3.748
15 3.723 15.000 15.000 55.845
7 167.805 167.805 3.698
15 3.833 15.000 15.002 57.495
8 167.535 167.535 3.968
15 4.653 15.000 15.062 69.795
9 166.165 166.165 5.338
15 5.078 15.000 15.009 76.170
10 166.685 166.685 4.818
15 4.983 15.000 15.004 74.745
11 166.355 166.355 5.148
15 5.250 15.000 15.001 78.757
12 166.150 166.150 5.353
15 5.025 15.000 15.014 75.382
13 166.805 166.805 4.698
30 4.328 30.000 30.009 129.840
14 167.545 167.545 3.958
30 3.328 30.000 30.026 99.840
15 168.805 168.805 2.698
45 2.098 45.000 45.016 94.410
16 170.005 170.005 1.498
13 0.749 3.610 3.908 2.704
17 175.400 171.503 0.000
15 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
18 185.400 171.503 0.000
166.150 313.000 5.353 278.496 279.935 1035.138

283.849 m.
AREA = 1035.138 m
R = 3.647 m.
R^2/3 = 2.369 m.
12
DESIGN OF CANAL TROUGH FOR 15.00M SPAN ( FOR DRAIN CROSSING )
The section of trough is proposed as closed twin box and is as shown below
The trough is proposed in RCC M20 grade
5.20
4.25
Bridge
0.30
3.64 m 3.04
wc th. 0.04
0.30
m
0.40 3.00 0.40 3.00 0.40 m
7.20
SECTION PROPERTIES
Area of cross section ( A )

= 7.20 x 3.64 - 2 x 3.00 x 3.04 = 7.968 m
Moment of Inertia of trough section ( I )
= 7.20 x 3.64 3
)/ 12
-( 6.00 x 3.04 3
)/ 12
= 14.8899 m4
Section Modulus ( Z ) = 14.8899 x 2 / 3.64 = 8.18126 m3
DESIGN CONSTANTS
Concrete Grade M 20
Allowable Comp. Stress in concrete :C = 70 Kg/cm
Steel Grade Fe 415
Allowable stress in steel : t = 1500 Kg/cm
m = = 13.33
n = m c / (m c + t) = 0.384
j = 1-k/3 = 0.872
R = cjk/2 = 11.707
f = clear cover = 4 cm
f' = eff.cover using 16 mm bars = 12 cm
d = D-f' = 352 cm
13
DESIGN OF TRANSVERSE SECTION
centreline diagram of trough

joint 1 2 3
1 2
member 3 4 5 3.34
6 7
4 5 6
3.400 3.400 m
LOADING
Load I - Dead load
Wearing coat for road bridge 0.08 x 2.40 = 0.180 t/m

Dead load of top slab 0.30 x 2.50 = 0.750 t/m
Dead load of bottom slab 0.30 x 2.50 = 0.750 t/m
Dead load of wearing coat in trough 0.04 x 2.40 = 0.096 t/m
Outer web load 0.40 x 3.34 x 2.50 = 3.340 t
Inner web load 0.40 x 3.34 x 2.50 = 3.340 t
Kerb and hand rail with 50% openings ( 0.475 x 0.30 +
0.50 x 0.20 x 0.86 )x 2.50 / 0.475 = 1.203 t/m
1.203 t/m wc 0.18 t/m 1.203 t/m
top slab 0.750 t/m
3.340 t 3.34 t 3.340 t 3.34

wc 0.096 m
bottom slab 0.750 t/m
3.4 3.4 m
b Load II - water in trough

water load on bottm slab 3.00 x 1.00 = 3.000 t/m
water pressure on web members at bottom = 3.000 t/m
water pressure on web members at top = 0.000 t/m
3.34
3.00 t/m
3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 t/m
3.4 3.4 m
b Load-III :Live load- 1

Max loading considered is single lane of Class-A loading with max wheel load of 11.40 t
effective width of dispersion be = K x ( 1 - x / L ) + bw
Where L = effective span = 3.4 m
B= width of slab = 12.90 m
x= distance of c.g. of load from nearest supp = 1.725 m for load A1
= 0.075 m for load A2
= 0.9 m for load A3 and A4
bw = breadth of concentration area of load = 0.25 +2 x 0.075 = 0.40
14
B/L = = 3.794
K= A constant depending on ratio of ( B/L) = 3.00 for B/L >2 (for S.S slabs)
be = for load A1 = 2.949 m
load A2 = 0.620 m
load A3 and A4 = 2.385 m
Load A1 = 0.5 x 11.40 / 2.949 = 1.933 t

Load A2 = 0.5 x 11.40 / 0.620 = 9.193 t
Load A3 = 0.5 x 11.40 / 2.385 = 2.390 t
Load A4 = 0.5 x 11.40 / 2.385 = 2.390 t
A1 1.933 9.193 A2
1.8
1.675 1.725 0.075 3.325
3.34
3.4 3.4 m
ii Load-IV :Live load- 2 A3 2.390 2.390 A4
1.8
2.5 0.9 0.9 2.5
3.34
3.4 3.4 m
combination Loads Load VII - combination of DL + LL2

Load V - combination of DL + WL Load VIII - combination of DL + WL + LL1
Load VI - combination of DL + LL1 Load IX - combination of DL + WL + LL2
Analysis of trough is done using STAAD programme considering above load combinations
and the members are designed as below.
TOP SLAB : Member -1 at joint - 1- and Member -2 at joint - 3 (end suppoort)
thickness = 30.00 cm
cover to reinforcement = 3.00 cm
moment = 0.610 tm
Axial force compression = 0.000 t
tension = 0.050 t
Shear = 2.110 t
eff. Depth proposed = 30.00 - 3.00 - 0.60 = 26.40 cm
lever arm = 26.40 - 30.00 / 2 = 11.40 cm
moment due to axial force = 0.050 x 11.4 / 100 = 0.01 tm
total moment = 0.610 + 0.01 = 0.616 tm
eff. Depth required (M/Rb)1/2 = ( 0.616 x 105 )1/2 = 7.25 cm
11.707 x 100 < proposed
Ast req. for moment M/tjd = 0.616 x 105 = 1.783 cm
1500 x 0.872 x 26.40
Ast req. for tension = 0.050 / 1500 = 0.000 cm
Total steel required = 1.78269 + 0.000 = 1.783 cm
using 12 dia bars, spacing= 1.131 x 100 / 1.783 = 63.47 cm
provide 12 dia bars at 20 cm c/c
Ast provided = 1.131 x 100 / 20.00 = 5.66 cm
percentage of steel = 565.714 /( 100 26.40 = 0.214 %
15
nominal shear stress = 2.110 x 1000 = 0.799 kg/cm

100 26.40
allowable shear stress for concrete M 20 grade and steel of 0.214 %
2.30 +( 3.10 - 2.30 )x( 0.214 - 0.25 )= 2.186 Kg/cm
0.50 - 0.25
Since permissibe stress is More than the nominal shear stress
SAFE and no shear reinforcement is necessary
TOP SLAB : Member -1 and Member - 2 (at mid span)

moment = 1.670 tm
Axial force tension = 0.000 t
Shear = 1.630 t
lever arm = 26.40 - 30.00 / 2 = 11.40 cm
total moment = 1.670 + 0.01 = 1.676 tm
11.707 x 100 < proposed
Ast required M/tjd = 1.676 x 105 = 4.852 cm
1500 x 0.872 x 26.40
using bars of 12 mm spacing = 1.131 x 100 / 4.852 = 23.32 cm
provide 12 dia bars at 40 cm c/c + 12 dia bars at 40 cm c/c
Ast provided = 1.131 x 100 / 40.00
+ 1.131 x 100 / 40.00 = 5.66 cm
percentage of steel = 565.714 / ( 100 26.40 = 0.214 %
100 26.40
2.30 +( 3.10 - 2.30 )x( 0.214 - 0.25 )= 2.186 Kg/cm
0.50 - 0.25
TOP SLAB : Member -1 and member - 2 at joint - 2- (middle suppoort)

moment = 2.070 tm
tension = 0.050 t
Shear = 3.720 t at d from centre
lever arm = 26.40 - 30.00 / 2 = 11.40 cm
total moment = 2.070 + 0.01 = 2.076 tm
11.707 x 100 < proposed
1500 x 0.872 x 26.40
Ast provided = 1.131 x 100 / 20.00
16
+ 0.786 x 100 / 40.00 = 7.62 cm

100 26.40
2.30 +( 3.10 - 2.30 )x( 0.289 - 0.25 )= 2.424 Kg/cm
0.50 - 0.25
BOTTOM SLAB : Member -6 at joint - 4- Member -7 at joint - 6- (end suppoort)

moment = 2.070 tm
tension = 3.930 t
Shear = 4.470 t
lever arm = 26.40 - 30.00 / 2 = 11.40 cm
total moment = 2.070 + 0.45 = 2.518 tm
11.707 x 100 < proposed
1500 x 0.872 x 26.40
Ast provided = 1.131 x 100 / 20.00
+ 1.131 x 100 / 40.00 = 8.49 cm
100 26.40
2.30 +( 3.10 - 2.30 )x( 0.321 - 0.25 )= 2.529 Kg/cm
0.50 - 0.25
BOTTM SLAB : Member - 6 Member - 7 (at mid span)

moment = 2.010 tm
tension = 0.000 t
Shear = 0.300 t
lever arm = 26.40 - 30.00 / 2 = 11.40 cm
total moment = 2.010 + 0.45 = 2.458 tm
11.707 x 100 < proposed
1500 x 0.872 x 26.40
17
provide 12 dia bars at 20cm c/c + 12 dia bars at 40 cm c/c

Ast provided = 1.131 x 100 / 20.00
+ 1.131 x 100 / 40.00 = 8.49 cm
100 26.40
allowable shear stress for concrete M 20grade and steel of 0.321 %
2.30 +( 3.10 - 2.30 )x( 0.321 - 0.25 )= 2.529 Kg/cm
0.50 - 0.25
BOTTOM SLAB : Member -6 and Member -7 at joint - 5- (middle suppoort)

moment = 2.960 tm
tension = 3.930 t
Shear = 5.020 t
lever arm = 26.40 - 30.00 / 2 = 11.40 cm
total moment = 2.960 + 0.45 = 3.408 tm
11.707 x 100 < proposed
1500 x 0.872 x 26.40
provide 12 dia bars at 20 cm c/c 12 dia bars at 20 cm c/c
Ast provided = 1.131 x 100 / 20.00 =
+ 1.131 x 100 / 20.00 = 11.31 cm
100 26.40
2.30 +( 3.10 - 2.30 )x( 0.429 - 0.25 )= 2.871 Kg/cm
0.50 - 0.25
OUTER WEB : Member - 3 at joint - 1 and Member - 5 at joint - 3 (top joint)

moment = 0.900 tm
tension = 8.230 t
Shear = 1.000 t
lever arm = 36.40 - 40.00 / 2 = 16.40 cm
total moment = 0.900 + 1.35 = 2.250 tm
11.707 x 100 < proposed
1500 x 0.872 x 36.40
18

Ast provided = 1.131 x 100 / 20.00 (Stirrups- 2 legged ))
+ 0.786 x 100 / 20.00 = 9.59 cm
100 36.40
1.90 +( 2.30 - 1.90 )x( 0.263 - 0.15 )= 2.353 Kg/cm
0.25 - 0.15
OUTER WEB : Member -3 and Member - 5 (at mid span)

moment = 0.890 tm
tension = 0.000 t
Shear = 0.550 t
lever arm = 36.40 - 40.00 / 2 = 16.40 cm
total moment = 0.890 + 1.35 = 2.240 tm
eff. Depth required (M/Rb)1/2 = ( 2.240x 105 )1/2 = 13.83 cm
11.707x 100 < proposed
Ast required M/tjd = 2.240x 105 = 4.703 cm
1500 x 0.872x 36.40
Ast provided = 1.131 x 100 / 20.00 (Stirrups- 2 legged ))
+ 0.786 x 100 / 20.00 = 9.59 cm
100 36.40
1.90 +( 2.30 - 1.90 )x( 0.263 - 0.15 )= 2.353 Kg/cm
0.25 - 0.15
OUTER WEB : Member -3 at joint - 4 - and Member - 5 at joint - 6 (bottom joint)

moment = 2.350 tm
tension = 8.230 t
Shear = 3.120 t
lever arm = 36.40 - 40.00 / 2 = 16.40 cm
total moment = 2.350 + 1.35 = 3.700 tm
11.707 x 100 < proposed
19
1500 x 0.872 x 36.40

+ 10 dia bars at 20 cm c/c ( extra bars )
Ast provided = 1.131 x 100 / 20.00 = (Stirrups- 2 legged ))
+ 0.786 x 100 / 20.00
+ 0.786 x 100 / 20.00 = 13.51 cm
100 36.40
1.90 +( 2.30 - 1.90 )x( 0.371 - 0.15 )= 2.785 Kg/cm
0.25 - 0.15
INNER WEB : Member - 4 at joint - 2 top joint

moment = 0.190 tm
tension = 15.070 t
Shear = 0.100 t
lever arm = 36.40 - 40.00 / 2 = 16.40 cm
total moment = 0.190 + 2.47 = 2.661 tm
11.707 x 100 < proposed
1500 x 0.872 x 36.40
+ 0.786 x 100 / 20.00 = 9.59 cm
100 36.40
2.30 +( 3.10 - 2.30 )x( 0.263 - 0.25 )= 2.343 Kg/cm
0.50 - 0.25
INNER WEB : Member -4 at mid span

moment = 0.050 tm
tension = 0.000 t
Shear = 0.100 t
lever arm = 36.40 - 40.00 / 2 = 16.40 cm
total moment = 0.050 + 2.47 = 2.521 tm
20
11.707 x 100 < proposed

1500 x 0.872 x 36.40
+ 0.786 x 100 / 20.00 = 9.59 cm
100 36.40
2.30 +( 3.10 - 2.30 )x( 0.263 - 0.25 )= 2.343 Kg/cm
0.50 - 0.25
INNER WEB : Member -4 at joint - 5 - bottom joint

moment = 0.100 tm
tension = 15.070 t
Shear = 0.100 t
lever arm = 36.40 - 40.00 / 2 = 16.40 cm
total moment = 0.100 + 2.47 = 2.571 tm
11.707 x 100 < proposed
1500 x 0.872 x 36.40
+ 0.786 x 100 / 20.00 = 9.59 cm
100 36.40
2.30 +( 3.10 - 2.30 )x( 0.263 - 0.25 )= 2.343 Kg/cm
0.50 - 0.25
ABSTRACT OF TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT

Member Joint/ support/ span Ast req Reinforcement Ast provided
cm proposed cm
Top slab joint 1 / end support 1.78 12 at c/c 20 cm c/c 5.66
member mid span 4.85 12 at c/c 40 cm c/c 5.66
12 at c/c 40 cm c/c
1&2 joint 2 / middle support 6.01 12 at 20 cm c/c 7.62
10 at 40 cm c/c
Bottom slab joint 4 / end support 7.29 12 at 20 cm c/c 8.49
12 at 40 cm c/c
21
member mid span 7.12 12 at 20 cm c/c 8.49

12 at 40 cm c/c
6&7 joint 5 / middle support 9.87 12 at 20 cm c/c 11.31
12 at 20 cm c/c
Outer web joint 1 / top support 4.73 12 at 20 cm c/c 9.59
10 at 20 cm c/c (Stirrups- 2 legged ))
3&5 joint 4 / bottom support 7.77 12 at 20 cm c/c 13.51
10 at 20 cm c/c ( extra bars )
Shear from long. Dir 0.42 10 at 20 cm c/c (Stirrups- 2 legged ))
Inner web joint 2 / top support 5.60 12 at 20 cm c/c 9.59
4 joint 5 / bottom support 5.41 12 at 20 cm c/c 9.59
Shear from long. Dir 2.77 10 at 20 cm c/c ( 2 Leg stirrups)
Dist steel : 10 at 20 cm c/c on both faces for all members
min. steel = 0.12 % of 40.0 / 100 = 4.8 cm

Ast provided = 0.786 x 100 / 20.00 = 3.93 cm
more than provided, redesign
DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL SECTION
The arrangement of trough in long direction is as shown below:

12 No spans of 12.90 m with no over hangs and
The trough is designed as simply supported on piers, pier/abutment
span
end span middle span
22
12.90 m
Abutment/pier pier
simply sup. simply sup.
LOAD CALCULATIONS
a. Dead load
Self weight of trough = 7.20 x 3.64 x 2.5
- 2 x 3.00 x 3.04 x 2.5 = 19.92 t/m
wearing coatin trought = 2 x 3.00 x 0.04 x 2.50 = 0.600 t/m
Wearing coat for road bridge 4.25 x 0.075 x 2.40 = 0.765 t/m
Kerb and hand rail with 50% openings 2x( 0.475 x 0.30
+ 0.50 x 0.20 x 0.86 ) x 2.50 = 1.143 t/m
Total dead load = 22.428 t/m
b Water load in trough= 2 x 3.00 x 3.00 x 1.00 = 18.000 t/m
BENDING MOMENT CALCULATIONS:
I for dead loads:

Moment distribution analysis:
Load UDL 22.428 t/m
A B
span 12.90 m
Mid span moment 466.520 tm

Reaction at A or at B 144.657 t
Span moments-tm 0.000 142.548 282.587 375.436 435.991 460.212

distance from left-m 0.00 L/12 1.08 L/6 2.40 L/3 3.60 L/4 4.80 L/2 7.20
( maximum near midspan)
Shear force-m 144.657 117.744 90.831 63.918 37.005 0.000
( maximum at support))
II for water loads:

Moment distribution analysis:
Load UDL 18.000 t/m
A B
span 12.90 m
Mid span moment 374.423 tm

Reaction at A or at B 116.100 t
Span moments-tm 0.000 114.407 226.800 301.320 349.920 369.360

Shear force-m 116.100 94.500 72.900 51.300 29.700 0.000
III for live loads:( single lane of class-A vehicles)
Span moments-tm 2.280 31.840 55.330 71.080 84.620 92.110

Shear force-m 29.390 26.530 22.030 19.290 15.050 9.860
23
Total max moment in span = 466.520 + 374.423 + 92.110 = 933.05 tm
CHECK FOR BENDING STRESSES:

Stress in flexure : M / Z = 933.05 / 8.1813 = 114.048 t/m
( flexure stress in tension as per Table I of IS 3370(PARTII)-1965) < 180.00 t/m
REINFORCEMENT: Main
Ast required = M/tjd = 933.05 x 105 = 202.616 cm
1500 x 0.872 x 352
using 20 mm bars,( two thirds in first tier and one third in second tier )
Provide at top and bottom (2/3 of total steel ) spacing req in top tier = 16.6127 cm c/c
Provide 20 mm bars in top tier at = 12.50 cm c/c
Provide 20 mm bars in bottom tier at = 25.00 cm c/c
Ast provided = 269.28 cm
min. steel = 0.2 % of 7.968 = 159.36 cm less than provided: hence OK
SHEAR CALCULATIONS
The shear due to dead load and water load in trough is computed and section at a distance 'd' :( eff
depth of section) from support is considered critical section as per cl. 21.6.2 of IS 456-2000
The total shear computed for each load case at critical section is proportional to the outer and
inner webs as follows.
For individually applied load cases, the proportions of support reactions for outer and inner webs
are computed from 'transverse analysis results'. The shear due to each load case is proportioned
into the inner and outer webs in the ratio of the support reactions at inner and outer webs for the
same load case in transverse analysis.
The shear stress in the webs is checked as per code IS: 3370(part II)-
I for dead loads:

Reaction at supports = 144.657 t
Shear at a section, at a distance 'd' 3.34 m from the support
Shear = 144.657 - 22.428 x 3.34 = 69.7495 t
dist. factor for shear for outer web= 5.4 / (2 x 5.4 + 9.28 ) = 0.269
dist. factor for shear for inner web= 9.28 / (2 x 5.4 + 9.28 ) = 0.462
distribution of shear for outer web= 0.269 x 69.7495 = 18.757 t
distribution of shear for inner web= 0.462 x 69.7495 = 32.235 t
II for water loads:

Reaction at supports = 116.100 t
Shear at a section, at a distance 'd' 3.34 m from the support
Shear = 116.100 - 18.000 x 3.34 = 55.980 t
II for live loads: Shear at L/6 is considered for maximum effect

Reaction at supports at L/6 = 22.030 t
Case - 1 When live load is near the kerb
dist. factor for shear for outer web=
24
0.84 / ( 0.84 + 10.27 + 0.04 ) = 0.075

dist. factor for shear for inner web=
10.27 / ( 0.84 + 10.27 + 0.04 ) = 0.921
Case - 2 When live load is symmetrical at centre
0.35 / ( 0.35 + 4.10 + 0.35 ) = 0.073
4.1 / ( 0.35 + 4.10 + 0.35 ) = 0.854
Total shear in outer web = 18.757 + 12.824 + 1.660 = 33.241 t
Total shear in inner web = 32.235 + 30.331 + 20.291 = 82.858 t
Check for shear stresses:
a for outer web

design shear = 33.241 t
(as per Table I of IS:3370-part II ) 40 352 < 18.00 kg/cm
Ast in web = 269.28 x 40 / 720 = 14.960 cm
percentage of steel = 100 x 14.960 = 0.106 %
40 352
allowable shear stress for concrete grade M 20 and steel 0.106 %
1.90 +( 2.30 - 1.90 )x( 0.11 - 0.15 )= 1.725 Kg/cm
0.25 - 0.15
Since permissibe stress is Less than the nominal shear stress
. shear reinforcement is necessary
Balance shear =( 2.361 - 1.725 ) x 40 x 352 = 8953 Kgs
using 2 leg 12 dia stirrups Asv = 2.26 cm
Spacing = Aw t d / Balance shear
= 2.26 x 1500 x 352 / 8953 = 133.447 Cm
Area of steel required = 0.424 cm
The transverse steel provided is sufficient for the shear in longitudinal direction
b. for inner web

design shear = 82.8576 t
(as per Table I of IS:3370-part II ) 40 352 < 18.00 kg/cm
Ast in web = 269.28 x 40 / 720 = 14.960 cm
percentage of steel = 100 x 14.96 = 0.106 %
40 352
allowable shear stress for concrete grade M 20 and steel 0.106 %
1.90 +( 2.30 - 1.90 )x( 0.11 - 0.15 )= 1.725 Kg/cm
0.25 - 0.15
Since permissibe stress is Less than the nominal shear stress
. shear reinforcement is necessary
Balance shear =( 5.885 - 1.725 ) x 40 x 352 = 58570 Kgs
using 2 leg 16 dia stirrups Asv = 4.02 cm
Spacing = Aw t d / Balance shear
= 4.02 x 1500 x 352 / 58570 = 36.266 Cm
Area of steel required = 2.773 cm
The transverse steel provided is sufficient for the shear in longitudinal direction
ABSTRACT OF MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Member location Ast req Reinforcement Ast provided
25
cm proposed cm
Top slab top row 135.08 20 12.50 cm c/c 179.52 cm

member bottom row 67.54 20 25.00 cm c/c 89.76 cm
1&2 total 202.62 269.28 cm
Bottom slab top row 67.54 20 25.00 cm c/c 89.76 cm

member bottom row 135.08 20 12.50 cm c/c 179.52 cm
6&7 total 202.62 269.28 cm
40
MIDDLE TROUGH BEAM

RL of Bed level = 166.09 m

Load due to water load = 89.98 t.

66.85 + 89.98 = 156.83 t.
66.85 + = 66.85 t


= 4 x 12 + 2 x 4
+ 5 x 6 = 86 mm
= 4 x 12 + 2 x 4 = 56 mm


41
CHECK FOR SIZES :
a) lo / bo <= 2
lo / bo = 500 / 320 = 1.56
Hence O. K.
b) ho <= lo / 5 >= bo / 10
lo / 5 = 500 / 5 = 100 mm
bo / 10 = 320 / 10 = 32 mm

S = lxb
2 hi ( a+b)
b = bo - 2 c = 308 mm
S = 488 x 308
2x 12 ( 488 + 308 )
= 7.87 > 6 Hence O. K.
<. 12 Hence O. K.

Load = 156.83 t
Area = 488 x 308 = 150304 mm
= = 0.150 m

A2
A2
A1 = 800.00 x 550.00 = 440000 mm
A2 = 488.00 x 308.00 = 150304 mm
= A1 = 440000 = 1.71 < 2

A2 150304 limited to = 1.71096
c = 1.71096 x 7.5 = 12.8322 N/mm

Hence O. K.

d <= 0.7 , where d = ld 2 + bd 2
d = bd + md
h
md = H / A
H1 = 20 % of x 0.00 / 2 = 0.000 t
42

H2 = 1 % of x 156.83 = 1.568 t
Resultant H = 0.00 + 1.57 = 1.568 t

md = 1568.30
( 32 - 1.2 )( 50 - 1.2 )
md = 1.043 Kg / cm 2 md = 0.104 MPa

= 5 x 1E-4 x 14.4 / 2 = 0.004 m
bd = 3.6 mm
bd = 3.6 + 0.104 = 0.146 MPa
86
WIND LOAD REACTION

( Vide cl.212.3,212.4,212.5,212.6,212.7, of IRC: 6 - 1966 )

from bed level

m kg/m 2
wind km/hr
4 63 128
5.232 X Y
6 73 118
X= ( 73 - 63 )( 5.232 - 4 )+ 63
( 6 - 4 ) = 69.16 kg/cm2
Y= ( 118 - 128 )( 5.232 - 4 )+ 128
( 6 - 4 ) = 121.8 km/hr
< 130 km/hr
.'. Live load is to be considered
Case I :-
Exposed area of beam =
14.988 x 4.370 = 65.4976 m2
Wind force on beam = 69.163 x 65.4976 = 4530 kg.
= 4530 / 14.99 = 302.24 kg/m
Total Wind force = 9026.4 kg.
= 602.24 > 450 kg/m
Case 2 :-
kg/m2 > 9026.4 kg.
43

2 x 3
md = 2619.90
( 32 - 1.2 )( 50 - 1.2 )
md = 1.7431 Kg/cm2 md = 0.174 Mpa

G xA
ld = 2619.9 x 8.6
8 x( 32 - 1.2 )x( 50 - 1.2 )
ld = 1.874 cm
ld = ld + md
h
ld = 1.874 + 0.174 = 0.509 Mpa
5.6
d = ld2 + bd 2 = +
d = 0.529 < 0.7 Hence O. K.
d <= x n x bimax
where d = bd
bd = 400 x M max x L x 10.-3
(E x I)
Ec = 5700 fck = 5700 25 = 28500 N / mm2

= 3E+006 T/ m2
For Dead - load , Ec /2 = 3E+006 / 2 = 1E+006 T/ m2
For Live - load E = Ec = 3E+006 Kg / cm 2

/ 12
= 1E+12 mm4 = 1E+00 m4
bd = 4E+02 x 9E+02 + 0E+00 ) x 14.400 x 10.-3

1E+006 3E+006 1.206
d = bd = 3.128 x 10.-3
Where = m / 10
A 30.8 x 48.8
min = 4.448 Mpa
1 = m / 10 = 0.445
A 30.8 x 48.8
m max. = 10.43 Mpa
= m / 10 = 1.043
b x s2
44
bi max = 0.5 x 100 x 1.20 = 0.031 Kg / cm2

30.8 x 61.90
.'. bi max = 0.003 Mpa
d <= x n x bimax
d <= 1.043 x 4 x 0.003 = 13.135 x 10.-3
d : 3.128 x 10.
-3
< bi max : 13.135 x 10.-3
CHECK FOR FRICTION

d <= 0.2 + 0.1 x m
max = 156.83 x 1000 = 104.34 Kg / cm2
30.8 x 48.8 = 10.43 Mpa < 10+10% Mpa
Hence Safe
min = 66.85 x 1000 = 44.479 Kg / cm2
30.8 x 48.8 = 4.45 Mpa > 2 Mpa Safe

Now 0.2 + 0.1 x m
= 0.2 + 0.1 x
= 1.243 > 0.529 Mpa Hence O.K.

c + + <= 5 Mpa
Where
c = 1.5 x m = 1.5 x 10.434 = 1.989 Mpa
S 7.868
= d = 0.529 Mpa
= 0.5 x ( b / hi )2 x bi
bi = 0.5 x 10.434 x = 0.003 Mpa
30.8 x 61.900
= 0.5 x 30.8 x 0.003 = 1.082 Mpa
1.20
c++ = 1.989 + 0.529 + 1.082 = 3.600 Mpa
320 x 500 x 86 thk.
500 mm
4 mm
320 312 mm
X X
4 mm
488 mm
6 mm PLAN 6 mm

45
Elastomer
4 nos
12 mm thk
488 mm
6 mm 6 mm
SECTION X - X
END TROUGH BEAM

RL of Bed level = 166.085 m

Load due to water load and live load = 28.81 t.

38.90 + 28.81 = 67.71 t.
38.90 + = 38.90 t


= 3 x 12 + 2 x 4
+ 4 x 6 = 68 mm
= 3 x 12 + 2 x 4 = 44 mm
46

CHECK FOR SIZES :
a) lo / bo <= 2
lo / bo = 500 / 250 = 2.00
Unsafe
b) ho <= lo / 5 >= bo / 10
lo / 5 = 500 / 5 = 100 mm
bo / 10 = 250 / 10 = 25 mm

S = lxb
2 hi ( a+b)
b = bo - 2 c = 238 mm
S = 488 x 238
2x 12 ( 488 + 238 )
= 6.67 > 6 Hence O. K.
<. 12 Hence O. K.

Load = 67.71 t
Area = 488 x 238 = 116144 mm
= = 0.116 m

A2
A2
A1 = 800.00 x 550.00 = 440000 mm
A2 = 488.00 x 238.00 = 116144 mm
= A1 = 440000 = 1.95 < 2

A2 116144 limited to = 1.94638
c = 1.94638 x 7.5 = 14.5979 N/mm

Hence O. K.

47
d <= 0.7 , where d = ld 2 + bd 2
d = bd + md
h
md = H / A
H1 = 20 % of x 0.00 / 2 = 0.000 t

H2 = 1 % of x 67.71 = 0.677 t
Resultant H = 0.00 + 0.68 = 0.677 t

md = 677.13
( 25 - 1.2 )( 50 - 1.2 )
md = 0.583 Kg / cm 2 md = 0.058 MPa

= 5 x 1E-4 x 14.4 / 2 = 0.004 m
bd = 3.6 mm
bd = 3.6 + 0.058 = 0.111 MPa
68
WIND LOAD REACTION

( Vide cl.212.3,212.4,212.5,212.6,212.7, of IRC: 6 - 1966 )

from bed level

m kg/m 2
wind km/hr
4 63 136
5.232 X Y
6 73 128
X= ( 73 - 63 )( 5.232 - 4 )+ 63
( 6 - 4 ) = 69.16 kg/cm2
Y= ( 128 - 136 )( 5.232 - 4 )+ 136
( 6 - 4 ) = 131.1 km/hr
> 130 km/hr
.'. Live load need not be considered
Case I :-
Exposed area of beam 14.988 = x 4.370 = 65.4976 m2
Wind force on beam = 69.163 x 65.4976 = 4530 kg.
= 4530 / 14.99 = 302.24 kg/m
48

Total Wind force = 4530 kg.
= 302.24 < 450 kg/m
Case 2 :-
kg/m2 > 4530 kg.
2 x 3
md = 2619.90
( 25 - 1.2 )( 50 - 1.2 )
md = 2.2557 Kg/cm2 md = 0.226 Mpa

G xA
ld = 2619.9 x 6.8
8 x( 25 - 1.2 )x( 50 - 1.2 )
ld = 1.917 cm
ld = ld + md
h
ld = 1.917 + 0.226 = 0.661 Mpa
4.4
d = ld2 + bd 2 = +
d = 0.671 < 0.7 Hence O. K.
d <= x n x bimax
where d = bd
bd = 400 x M max x L x 10.-3
(E x I)
Ec = 5700 fck = 5700 25 = 28500 N / mm2

= 3E+006 T/ m2
For Dead - load , Ec /2 = 3E+006 / 2 = 1E+006 T/ m2
For Live - load E = Ec = 3E+006 Kg / cm2

/ 12
= 1E+12 mm4 = 1E+00 m4
bd = 4E+02 x 9E+02 + 0E+00 ) x 14.400 x 10.-3

1E+006 3E+006 1.206
d = bd = 3.128 x 10.-3
Where = m / 10
A 23.8 x 48.8
min = 3.349 Mpa
49
1 = m / 10 = 0.335
A 23.8 x 48.8
m max. = 5.83 Mpa
= m / 10 = 0.583
b x s2
bi max = 0.5 x 100 x 1.20 = 0.057 Kg / cm2
23.8 x 44.43
.'. bi max = 0.006 Mpa
d <= x n x bimax
d <= 0.583 x 3 x 0.006 = 9.924 x 10.-3
d : 3.128 x 10.
-3
< bi max : 9.924 x 10.-3
CHECK FOR FRICTION

d <= 0.2 + 0.1 x m
max = 67.713 x 1000 = 58.301 Kg / cm2
23.8 x 48.8 = 5.83 Mpa < 10 Mpa
Hence Safe
min = 38.90 x 1000 = 33.495 Kg / cm2
23.8 x 48.8 = 3.35 Mpa > 2 Mpa Safe

Now 0.2 + 0.1 x m
= 0.2 + 0.1 x
= 0.783 > 0.671 Mpa Hence O.K.

c + + <= 5 Mpa
Where
c = 1.5 x m = 1.5 x 5.830 = 1.312 Mpa
S 6.666
= d = 0.671 Mpa
= 0.5 x ( b / hi )2 x bi
bi = 0.5 x 5.830 x = 0.003 Mpa
23.8 x 44.432
= 0.5 x 23.8 x 0.003 = 0.651 Mpa
1.20
c++ = 1.312 + 0.671 + 0.651 = 2.633 Mpa
250 x 500 x 68 thk.
500 mm
4 mm
250 242 mm
50
X X
4 mm
488 mm
6 mm PLAN 6 mm
Elastomer
3 nos
12 mm thk
488 mm
6 mm 6 mm
SECTION X - X
50
DESIGN OF PIERCAP
Loads:
I for dead loads:
Reaction at supports = 144.657
distribution of shear for outer web= 0.269 x 144.657 = 38.902
distribution of shear for inner web= 0.462 x 144.657 = 66.854
II for water loads:

II for live loads:

Case - 1 When live load is near the kerb
0.84 / ( 0.84 + 10.27 + 0.04 ) = 0.075
10.27 / ( 0.84 + 10.27 + 0.04 ) = 0.921
Case - 2 When live load is symmetrical at centre
0.35 / ( 0.35 + 4.10 + 0.35 ) = 0.073
4.1 / ( 0.35 + 4.10 + 0.35 ) = 0.854
Total shear in outer web = 38.902 + 26.597 + 2.214 = 67.713
Total shear in inner web = 66.854 + 62.906 + 27.070 = 156.830
Reaction from webs
for outer web 2x( 38.902 + 26.597 + 2.214 = 135.426 t
for inner web 2x( 66.854 + 62.906 + 27.070 = 313.660 t
Loading on bearings
for outer web max 38.902 + 26.597 + 2.214 = 67.713 t
min 38.902 = 38.902 t
for inner web max 66.854 + 62.906 + 27.070 = 156.830 t
min 66.854 66.854 t
Dead Load pier cap(cantilever) =
2.050 x (0.6 + 1.500 ) /2 x 1.50 x 2.40 = 7.749 t
acting at 0.879 from the face of pier pedestal
1.039 from the effective face of pier
135.426 313.66 135.426 t
0.400 3.400 3.400 0.400

0.600
1.811 1.500
2.050 3.50 2.050

7.60
2.211 1.589
Effective face of pier

51
Torsion:
Due to live load eccentricity in road way direction= 36.85 x 0.3 = 11.054 tm
per m run = 11.05 / 7.60 = 1.455 tm
Moment:
BM at the face of pier =
135.426 x 1.811 + 7.749 x 1.039 = 253.27 t.m
Longitudinal Reinforcement (As per cl.304.7 .2.4.2 of IRC:21-2000)
Shall be designed to resist an equivalent moment Me.l given by
Me x l = M + Mt
where M = bending moment due to vertical loads = 253.27 t.m
Mt = T ( 1 + D/ b) / 1.7
where T = Torsion = 1.45 t.m.
D = overall depth of beam = 1.50 m
b = breadth of beam = 1.50 m
Mt = 1.45 ( 1 + 1.50 ) = 1.71 tm
1.50 1.7
Total moment = 1.71 + 253.27 = 254.98 tm
Design constants:
Grade of concrete M 25
Stress in concrete 83.3 kg/cm k = 0.294
Stress in steel = 2000 kg/cm j = 0.902
modular ratio = 10 R = 11.046
Check for depth

Effective depth required = 254.98 x 100000 = 126.28 cm
11.046 x 144.75
Effective depth provided using 25 mm dia bars
de = 150 - 4 - 1.25 = 144.75 cm
Reinforcement
Area of steel required = 254.98 x 100000 = 88.077 cm
2000 x 144.75
No of 32 mm dia bars required= 11 bars
No of 32 mm dia bars provided at top = 12 bars Ast = 96.55 mm
No of 25 mm dia bars provided at bottom = 6 bars
Check for shear

Equivqlent Shear: Ve = V + (1.6 T) / b
Where V = Shear due to vertical loads
0 x 2.050 + 135.426 = 135.43 t
Equivqlent Shear: Ve= 135.43 + 1.6 x 1.45 = 136.98 t
1.50
Nominal shear str 136.98 x 10000 0.631 N/mm or 6.309 Kg/cm
1500.00 1447.50 < 19.000 Kg/cm
Percentage of stee 96.55 x 100 = 0.44 %
150 144.75
From Table 12B of IRC 21-2000
for Pt 0.25 % Tc = 0.230 N/mm
for Pt 0.50 % Tc = 0.310 N/mm
for Pt 0.44 % Tc = 0.292 N/mm or 2.92 Kg/cm
Shear reinforcement required
Balance shear = 6.309 - 2.923 x 150 x 144.75 / 1000
= 73.513 t
6 legged 12 mm dia stirrups will be provided for the above balance shear
Area of stirrups: Aw = 6.78 cm
Spacing Aw fs d = 6.78 x 2000 x 144.75 = 26.71 cm
52
Balace shear 73.51 x 1000

However provide 6 legged 12 mm dia stirrups at 20.00 cm c/c
As per cl 304.7.2.4.3 of IRC 21-2000 Aswt shall not be less than

a. Aswt = Txs + Vxs
b1 d1 fs 2.5 d1 fs
11.05 x10^5 x 20 + 136.98 x1000x 20
14989.5 139.5 2000 2.5 139.5 2000 = 3.933 cm
Less than the provided and Hence OK
b. Aswt = (Tc - Tv ) b s / fs
=( 6.309 - 2.923 )x 150 x 20 / x 2000
= 5.079 cm
Less than the provided and Hence OK
a. Spacing of stirrups As per cl 304.7.2.5 of IRC 21 - 2000
Spacing of stirrups: s not > (x1 + y1)/ 4 = ( 150 + 1.500 ) / 4
= 37.875 mm
b. 300 mm More than the provided and Hence OK
Check for strut control:

The distance between the line of reaction to the supported length and the depth of the corbel.
= 1.65 - 1.500 = 0.2 m < d 1.50 m
The shear reinforcement should be provided in the form of horizontal links distributed with upper two third of the
eff. Depth of the root of the corbel. This reinforcement shall not be less than one half of the area of main tension
reinforcement and shall be adequately enclosed.
Reinforcement for horizontal links = 88.08 / 2 = 44.04 cm
The above reinforcement shall be distributed in the region as per
above clause. 2/3 x 1.50 = 1 m
Provide 12 bars 3 x 6 Nos
Steel provided = 8 x5 x 1.131 = 20.366 cm
as against 44.04 cm
53
DESIGN OF PIER PEDESTAL
Size 150 x 30 cm Grade of ConcreteM25

Total Area of steel = 1 % Grade of Steel Fe 415
Total Ast = 45 cm Cover to Reinf. 40
Area of Longitudinal
Reinforcement at top and Bottom = 11.25 cm
provide 6 nos 20 bars top and bottom ,As 18.84 cm
Area of Stirrups 22.5 cm Volume of steel/rm 2250 cm3

Length of each sti 316 cm
Adopting 12 mm d stirrups = 357.206 cm3
No. of Stirrups/rm 6.30 Spacing = 15.88 cm
Hence Provide 12 bars 150 c/c, Ast = 7.536 cm
DESIGN OF DIRT WALL
(designed as bending member) Grade of ConcreteM25

Size 7500 x 500 Grade of Steel Fe 415
Cover to Reinf.wal 40 mm
Calculation of moments at base of Dirt wall :
(a) due to Earth pressure Ka = 0.279 2.1

h = Ht. of wall 2.175 m Leverar 0.42 h
BM = 0.42 Ka h3 / 2 = 1.266 tm/m
(b) due to Live load surcharge
Pressure ht. of 1.2 m
BM = 1.663 tm/m
(c) due to Braking force
(class 70 R bogie load is critical for design)
BF = 20%x20 4.00 t
effective width of dispersion 7.50 m
BF/m = 0.533 t
BM = 1.80 tm/m
Total BM at bottom of wall = 4.729 tm/m

deff. Provided = 452 mm
Depth check d = 207 mm < Deff. Provided , Hence OK
Ast = 596 sqmm/m
ie Provid 12 bars at 150 c/c, Ast = 753.6 mm
Distribution steel 0.3 x Ast 179 sqmm
ie Provid 10 bars at 200 c/c, Ast = 392.5 mm
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT BED BLOCK
Size 75 x 30 cm Grade of ConcreteM25

Total Area of steel 1 % Grade of Steel Fe 415
Total Ast = 22.5 cm Cover to Reinf. 40
Area of Longitudinal
Reinforcement at top and Bottom = 5.63 cm
provide 6 nos 16 bars top and bottom ,As 12.06 cm
Area of Stirrups 11.25 cm Volume of steel/rm 1125 cm3

54
Length of each sti 266 cm

Adopting 10 mm d stirrups = 208.81 cm3
No. of Stirrups/rm 5.39 Spacing = 18.56 cm
Hence Provide 10 bars 150 c/c, Ast = 5.23 cm
84
DESIGN OF TRANSISITION SLAB

( At junction of trough )
TBL + 257.14
FSL + 256.39 Grade of concrete
M20
Earth pre 2.15
Water pre.
CBL + 254.99
6.40 M
Analysis of trough is done using STAAD programme considering above load combinationswater and earth pressures
moment = 5.580 tm
tension = 0.000 t
Shear = 4.720 t
lever arm = 26.20 - 30.00 / 2 = 11.20 cm
total moment = 5.580 + 0.00 = 5.580 tm
13.028 x 100 < proposed
1500 x 0.881 x 26.20
Minimum steel required = 0.12 x 30.000 = 3.60 cm

Ast provided = 2.011 x 100 / 12.00 = 16.76 cm
nominal shear stress = 4.720 x
1000 = 1.802 kg/cm
100 26.20
allowable shear stress for concrete M20
grade and steel of 0.640 %
3.10 +( 3.50 - 3.10 )x( 0.640 - 0.50 )= 3.324 Kg/cm
0.75 - 0.50
Curtail reinforcement 50% from half the height

Distribution reinforcement
Ast provided = 0.503 x 100 / 24.00 = 2.10 cm
39
UPLIFT CALCULATIONS
The MFL of drain = 171.293 m

The trough bed level at centre = 254.990 m
The depth of slab incl wearing coat = 0.340 m
The trough bottom level = 254.650 m
Uplift head = -83.357 m
Length of trough = 15.000 m
Bottom width of trough = 7.200 m
Cross sectional area of trough = 7.968 m2
Area of trough bottom where uplift acts 15.00 x 7.20 = 108.000 m2
Uplift force 108.00 x -83.36 x 1.00 = -9002.514 t
Dead load of trough incl. bridge and w.c 15.00 x 22.428 = 336.413 t
Uplift force is less than total down ward dead load

No anchoring is necessary
However nominal holding down bolts are proposed
25 dia holding down bolt of 1.00m long at 1.00m c/c in two rows in end beam
40
81
DESIGN OF WING WALL
172.00
0
172.00 W1
Grade of concrete : M20

Density of RCC : 2.5 t/m3
Density of Concrete : : 2.5 t/m3 W6
Density of Soil : 2.1 t/m3 W5 W3 8000
Live load : 0 m
Surcharge W4 W2
164.00 1800 450 300 600 1500 fos OT

A W7 fos sliding
163.00 B 1000
1350
4650
STRESS ON CONCRETE: ( Taking moments about 'A' )
Load Description Load-t L.A -m Moment-tm

W1 0.000 x 0.300 x 2.500 0.000 0.600 0.000
W2 0.50 x 0.600 x 8.000 x 2.500 6.000 0.950 5.700
W3 0.300 x 8.000 x 2.500 6.000 0.600 3.600
W4 0.50 x 0.450 x 8.000 x 2.500 4.500 0.300 1.35
W5 0.50 x 0.450 x 8.000 x 2.100 3.780 0.150 0.57
Pv 0.0380 x( 8.000 - 0.000 )x 2.100 5.11 0.000 0.000
Total Load 25.39
Ph 0.1340 x( 8.000 - 0.000 )x 2.100 18.01 3.360 60.51
Total Moment 71.73
Leverarm = 71.73 / 25.39 = 2.825 m

Eccentricity = 0.675 - 2.83 = 2.150 m
B/6 = 1.350 /6 = 0.225 m < 2.150 m Tension
MAX. STRESS =
25.39 x {1 + 6 x 2.150 } = 198.54 t/m
1.35 1.350 ( Compression )
MIN STRESS = 25.39 x {1 - 6 x 2.150 } = -160.9 t/m
1.35 1.350 ( Tension )
STRESS ON SOIL: ( Taking moments about 'B' )

W1 0.300 x 0.000 x 2.500 0.000 2.400 0.00
W2 0.5 x 0.600 x 8.000 x 2.500 6.000 2.750 16.50
W3 0.300 x 8.000 x 2.500 6.000 2.400 14.40
W4 0.5 x 0.450 x 8.000 x 2.500 4.500 2.100 9.45
W5 0.5 x 0.450 x 8.000 x 2.100 3.780 1.950 7.37
W6 1.800 x 8.000 x 2.100 30.240 0.900 27.22
W7 4.650 x 1.000 x 2.500 11.625 2.325 27.03
Pv 0.0395 x( 9.000 - 0.000 )x 2.100 6.72 0.000 0.00
Total Load 68.86
Ph 0.1584 x( 9.000 - 0.000 )x 2.100 26.94 3.780 101.85
Total Moment 203.81
Leverarm = 203.81 / 68.86 = 2.960 m
Eccentricity = 2.325 - 2.96 = 0.635 m
B/6 = 4.650 /6 = 0.775 m > 0.635 m Hence No Tension
MAX. STRESS = 68.86 x {1 + 6 x 0.635 } = 26.94 t/m

MIN STRESS = 68.86 x {1 - 6 x 0.635 } = 2.68 t/m
Design of stem
Max. stress (compressi = 198.54 '< allowable comp. Stress of concrete for M25 grade: 625 t/m2'
Min. stress (tension) = -160.9 '< allowable tensile. Stress of concrete for M20 grade: 180 t/m2'
Section is cracked/ as per provisions of IRC 21-2000
Reinforcement
The main steel is provided as minimum steel as given below
As per IS-456, the min percentage of steel shall not be less than 0.8% of actual area
82
Case i) to resist the vertical loads including pier.

Total load = 25.39 t/m
Allowable direct stress for M25 = 625 t/m
Area to resist the direct load 25.39 / 625 x 10000 = 406 cm
Minimum steel = 0.8 x 406 / 100 = 3.25 cm
Case ii) As per IRC - 21, 2000 the minimum steel shall not be in any case less than
0.3% of gross area
Minimum steel = 0.3 x 135 x 100 / 100 = 40.50 cm
Case ii is requiring maximum Area of steel as per case ii is:

No of 20 bars 40.5 / 3.143 = 12.89 say 6 Nos
provide 20 6 Nos on each face or at 20 cm c/c = 18.86 cm
Data
Grade of concrete : M 20
Stress in concrete := 62.5 kg/cm k = 0.248
Moment and shear:

Load = 25.387 t
eccentricity = 2.150 m
Moment = 54.592896 tm
Shear/ Hor. Force = 18.010 t
Effective depth :
Eff. Depth required = 54.593 x 105 = 87.707 cm
7.097 x 100
using 16 bars and clear cover of 40 mm
effective depth = 1.302 m
Reinforcement requirement:
Area of steel req 54.593 x 105 = 24.05 Cm
1900 0.917 130.20
Provide 20 bars 130 mm c/c Ast = 24.18 Cm
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 135 = 16.20 Cm
Provide dist steel 12 bars at 130 mm c/cAst = 8.70 Cm
Check for shear

One way shear: = 18.010 t
Percent of steel Pt = 100 x 24.18 /( 100 x 130.20 ) = 0.186 %
for Pt 0.186 % allowable shear stress in concrete = 1.94 Kg/cm
Shear strength = 1.94 x 100 x 130.20 /1000 = 25.294 t
Which is more than 18.010 t , design shear and hence safe
Design of heel and toe
Stresses at corners: 1.80 1.35 1.50
Stress at A: end of heel 2.682 t/m Heel:A B C D:Toe

Stress at D: end of Toe 26.937 t/m 1.00
From Stress trepezoid 4.65
Stress at B: junction of heel with stem 12.071 t/m
Stress at C: junction of toe with stem 19.113 t/m 2.682 12.071
19.113 26.937
Total downward vertical load on heel
= 8.000 x 2.10 + 1.00 x 2.50 = 19.3 t/m
Net down ward vertical load at end of heel = 19.3 - 2.682 = 16.618 t/m
Net down ward vertical load at junction of heel with stem 19.3 - 12.071 = 7.229 t/m
= 1.00 x 2.50 = 2.5 t/m
Net upward vertical load at end of toe = 26.937 - 2.500 = 24.437 t/m
Net upward vertical load at junction of toe with stem 19.113 - 2.500 = 16.613 t/m
83

Stress at the distance 'd' from face of the wall = 7.105 t/m
Moment and shear:

Moment in heel 16.618 - 7.229 )1.8 2
x 2/ 3 +
7.229 x 1.80 2
/2= 31.991 tm
Shear in heel ( 1.8 - 0.952 )x 1.0 x 16.618 = 14.092 t
Moment in toe 24.437 - 16.613 )1.5 2

x 2/ 3 +
16.613 x 1.50 2
/2= 18.689 tm
Shear in toe ( 1.5 - 0.952 )x 1.0 x 24.437 = 13.391 t
Effective depth :
7.097 x 100
1900 0.917 95.20
Provide 20 bars at 160 mm c/c Ast = 19.64 Cm 2.0253
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 100.00 = 12.00 Cm 0.15
Provide dist steel 12 bars 160 mm c/c Ast = 7.07 Cm 0.25
0.5
Check for shear 1
Percent of steel Pt = 100 x 19.64 /( 100 x 95.20 ) = 0.206 % 1.5
for Pt 0.206 % allowable shear stress in concrete = 2.03 Kg/cm 1.75
Shear strength = 2.03 x 100 x 95.20 /1000 = 19.281 t 2.25
Which is more than 14.092 t , design shear and hence safe 2.5
84
DESIGN OF WING WALL
172.00
0
172.00 W1

Live load : 0 m
Surcharge W4 W2
160.40 2200 1100 300 870 2000 fos OT

A W7 fos sliding
159.15 B 1250
2270
6470

W1 0.000 x 0.300 x 2.500 0.000 1.250 0.000
W2 0.50 x 0.870 x 11.600 x 2.500 12.615 1.690 21.319
W3 0.300 x 11.600 x 2.500 8.700 1.250 10.875
W4 0.50 x 1.100 x 11.600 x 2.500 15.950 0.733 11.70
W5 0.50 x 1.100 x 11.600 x 2.100 13.398 0.367 4.91
Pv 0.0380 x ( 11.600 - 0.000 )x 2.100 10.74 0.000 0.000
Total Load 61.40
Ph 0.1340 x ( 11.600 - 0.000 )x 2.100 37.87 4.872 184.48
Total Moment 233.28
Leverarm = 233.28 / 61.40 = 3.799 m

Eccentricity = 1.135 - 3.80 = 2.664 m
B/6 = 2.270 /6 = 0.378 m< 2.664 m Tension
MAX. STRESS = 61.40 x {1 + 6 x 2.664 } = 217.54 t/m

MIN STRESS = 61.40 x {1 - 6 x 2.664 } = -163.4 t/m
2.27 2.270 ( Tension )

W1 0.300 x 0.000 x 2.500 0.000 3.450 0.00
W2 0.5 x 0.870 x 11.600 x 2.500 12.615 3.890 49.07
W3 0.300 x 11.600 x 2.500 8.700 3.450 30.02
W4 0.5 x 1.100 x 11.600 x 2.500 15.950 2.933 46.79
W5 0.5 x 1.100 x 11.600 x 2.100 13.398 2.567 34.39
W6 2.200 x 11.600 x 2.100 53.592 1.100 58.95
W7 6.470 x 1.250 x 2.500 20.219 3.235 65.41
Pv 0.0395 x ( 12.850 - 0.000 )x 2.100 13.70 0.000 0.00
Total Load 138.17
Ph 0.1584 x ( 12.850 - 0.000 )x 2.100 54.93 5.397 296.44
Total Moment 581.06
Leverarm = 581.06 / 138.17 = 4.205 m
Eccentricity = 3.235 - 4.21 = 0.970 m
B/6 = 6.470 /6 = 1.078 m> 0.970 m Hence No Tension
MAX. STRESS = 138.17 x {1 + 6 x 0.970 } = 40.57 t/m

MIN STRESS = 138.17 x {1 - 6 x 0.970 } = 2.14 t/m
85
Design of stem
Reinforcement
0.3% of gross area

No of 25 bars 68.1 / 4.911 = 13.87 say 7 Nos
Data
Moment and shear:

Load = 61.401 t
Moment = 163.59279 tm
Effective depth :
7.097 x 100
1900 0.917 222.20
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 227 = 27.24 Cm
Check for shear

86

28.692 40.573
= 11.600 x 2.10 + 1.25 x 2.50 = 27.485 t/m
= 1.25 x 2.50 = 3.125 t/m

Moment and shear:

Moment in heel 25.347 - 12.278 )2.2 2
x 2/ 3 +
12.278 x 2.20 2
/2= 71.882 tm
Shear in heel ( 2.2 - 1.202 )x 1.0 x 25.347 = 25.296 t
Moment in toe 37.448 - 25.567 )2 2

x 2/ 3 +
25.567 x 2.00 2
/2= 51.134 tm
Shear in toe (2 - 1.202 )x 1.0 x 37.448 = 29.883 t
Effective depth :
7.097 x 100
1900 0.917 120.20
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 125.00 = 15.00 Cm 0.15
0.5
Check for shear 1
87
DESIGN OF WING WALL
172.00
0
172.00 W1

Live load : 0 m
Surcharge W4 W2
164.00 1800 450 300 600 1500 fos OT

A W7 fos sliding
163.00 B 1000
1350
4650

W1 0.000 x 0.300 x 2.500 0.000 0.600 0.000
W2 0.50 x 0.600 x 8.000 x 2.500 6.000 0.950 5.700
W3 0.300 x 8.000 x 2.500 6.000 0.600 3.600
W4 0.50 x 0.450 x 8.000 x 2.500 4.500 0.300 1.35
W5 0.50 x 0.450 x 8.000 x 2.100 3.780 0.150 0.57
Pv 0.0380 x( 8.000 - 0.000 )x 2.100 5.11 0.000 0.000
Total Load 25.39
Ph 0.1340 x( 8.000 - 0.000 )x 2.100 18.01 3.360 60.51
Total Moment 71.73
Leverarm = 71.73 / 25.39 = 2.825 m

Eccentricity = 0.675 - 2.83 = 2.150 m
B/6 = 1.350 /6 = 0.225 m < 2.150 m Tension
MAX. STRESS =
25.39 x {1 + 6 x 2.150 } = 198.54 t/m
MIN STRESS = 25.39 x {1 - 6 x 2.150 } = -160.9 t/m
1.35 1.350 ( Tension )

W1 0.300 x 0.000 x 2.500 0.000 2.400 0.00
W2 0.5 x 0.600 x 8.000 x 2.500 6.000 2.750 16.50
W3 0.300 x 8.000 x 2.500 6.000 2.400 14.40
W4 0.5 x 0.450 x 8.000 x 2.500 4.500 2.100 9.45
W5 0.5 x 0.450 x 8.000 x 2.100 3.780 1.950 7.37
W6 1.800 x 8.000 x 2.100 30.240 0.900 27.22
W7 4.650 x 1.000 x 2.500 11.625 2.325 27.03
Pv 0.0395 x( 9.000 - 0.000 )x 2.100 6.72 0.000 0.00
Total Load 68.86
Ph 0.1584 x( 9.000 - 0.000 )x 2.100 26.94 3.780 101.85
Total Moment 203.81
Leverarm = 203.81 / 68.86 = 2.960 m
Eccentricity = 2.325 - 2.96 = 0.635 m
B/6 = 4.650 /6 = 0.775 m > 0.635 m Hence No Tension
MAX. STRESS = 68.86 x {1 + 6 x 0.635 } = 26.94 t/m

MIN STRESS = 68.86 x {1 - 6 x 0.635 } = 2.68 t/m
Design of stem
88
Reinforcement
0.3% of gross area

No of 20 bars 40.5 / 3.143 = 12.89 say 6 Nos
Data
Moment and shear:

Load = 25.387 t
Moment = 54.592896 tm
Effective depth :
7.097 x 100
1900 0.917 130.20
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 135 = 16.20 Cm
Check for shear

89

19.113 26.937
= 8.000 x 2.10 + 1.00 x 2.50 = 19.3 t/m
= 1.00 x 2.50 = 2.5 t/m

Moment and shear:

Moment in heel 16.618 - 7.229 )1.8 2
x 2/ 3 +
7.229 x 1.80 2
/2= 31.991 tm
Shear in heel ( 1.8 - 0.952 )x 1.0 x 16.618 = 14.092 t
Moment in toe 24.437 - 16.613 )1.5 2

x 2/ 3 +
16.613 x 1.50 2
/2= 18.689 tm
Shear in toe ( 1.5 - 0.952 )x 1.0 x 24.437 = 13.391 t
Effective depth :
7.097 x 100
1900 0.917 95.20
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 100.00 = 12.00 Cm 0.15
0.5
Check for shear 1
90
DESIGN OF WING WALL
170.40
0
170.40 W1

Density of Soil : 2 t/m3 W5 W3 10000
Live load : 0 m
Surcharge W4 W2
160.40 300 300 300 0 300 fos OT

A W7 fos sliding
159.15 B 1250
600
1200

W1 0.000 x 0.300 x 2.500 0.000 0.450 0.000
W2 0.50 x 0.000 x 10.000 x 2.500 0.000 0.600 0.000
W3 0.300 x 10.000 x 2.500 7.500 0.450 3.375
W4 0.50 x 0.300 x 10.000 x 2.500 3.750 0.200 0.75
W5 0.50 x 0.300 x 10.000 x 2.000 3.000 0.100 0.30
Pv 0.0000 x ( 10.000 - 0.000 )x 2.000 0.00 0.000 0.000
Total Load 14.25
Ph 0.3330 x ( 10.000 - 0.000 )x 2.000 33.30 3.333 110.99
Total Moment 115.41
Leverarm = 115.41 / 14.25 = 8.099 m

Eccentricity = 0.300 - 8.10 = 7.799 m
B/6 = 0.600 /6 = 0.100 m< 7.799 m Tension
MAX. STRESS = 14.25 x {1 + 6 x 7.799 } = 1876.07 t/m

MIN STRESS = 14.25 x {1 - 6 x 7.799 } = -1828.6 t/m
0.60 0.600 ( Tension )

W1 0.300 x 0.000 x 2.500 0.000 0.750 0.00
W2 0.5 x 0.000 x 10.000 x 2.500 0.000 0.900 0.00
W3 0.300 x 10.000 x 2.500 7.500 0.750 5.63
W4 0.5 x 0.300 x 10.000 x 2.500 3.750 0.500 1.88
W5 0.5 x 0.300 x 10.000 x 2.000 3.000 0.400 1.20
W6 0.300 x 10.000 x 2.000 6.000 0.150 0.90
W7 1.200 x 1.250 x 2.500 3.750 0.600 2.25
Pv 0.0395 x ( 11.250 - 0.000 )x 2.000 10.00 0.000 0.00
Total Load 34.00
Ph 0.1584 x ( 11.250 - 0.000 )x 2.000 40.10 4.725 189.45
Total Moment 201.30
Leverarm = 201.30 / 34.00 = 5.921 m
Eccentricity = 0.600 - 5.92 = 5.321 m
B/6 = 1.200 /6 = 0.200 m< 5.321 m Tension
MAX. STRESS = 34.00 x {1 + 6 x 5.321 } = 782.08 t/m

MIN STRESS = 34.00 x {1 - 6 x 5.321 } = -725.42 t/m
1.20 1.200 ( Tension )
Design of stem
91
Max. stress (compressi = 1876.07 '>allowable comp. Stress of concrete for M25 grade: 625 t/m2'"
Min. stress (tension) = -1828.6 '>allowable tensile. Stress of concrete for M25 grade: 180 t/m2'"
Reinforcement
0.3% of gross area

No of 25 bars 18 / 4.911 = 3.67 say 7 Nos
Data
Moment and shear:

Load = 14.250 t
Moment = 111.1389 tm
Effective depth :
7.097 x 100
1900 0.917 55.20
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 60 = 7.20 Cm
Check for shear

92
Stress at A: end of heel -725.417 t/m Heel:A B C D:Toe

Stress at B: junction of heel with stem -348.543 t/m
Stress at C: junction of toe with stem 405.207 t/m -725.417 -348.543
405.207 782.081
= 10.000 x 2.00 + 1.25 x 2.50 = 23.125 t/m
Net down ward vertical load at end of heel = 23.125 - -725.417 = 748.542 t/m
Net down ward vertical load at junction of heel with stem 23.125 - -348.543 = 371.668 t/m
= 1.25 x 2.50 = 3.125 t/m

Stress at the distance 'd' from face of the wall = -1858.554 t/m
Moment and shear:

Moment in heel 748.542 - 371.668 )0.3 2
x 2/ 3 +
371.668 x 0.30 2
/2= 39.338 tm
Shear in heel ( 0.3 - 1.202 )x 1.0 x 748.542 = -675.185 t
Moment in toe 778.956 - 402.082 )0.3 2

x 2/ 3 +
402.082 x 0.30 2
/2= 18.094 tm
Shear in toe ( 0.3 - 1.202 )x 1.0 x 778.956 = -702.619 t
Effective depth :
7.097 x 100
1900 0.917 120.20
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 125.00 = 15.00 Cm 0.15
0.5
Check for shear 1
One way shear: = -675.185 t
Which is more than -675.185 t , design shear and hence safe 2.5
93
1.00115162
1.78908296
94
1.9427
0.15 1.8
0.25 2.2
0.5 3
1 3.9
1.5 4.5
1.75 4.7
2.25 5.1
2.5 5.1
95
26.94
2.68
1.8
2.2
3
3.9
4.5
4.7
5.1
5.1
96
0.96013731
1.76089374
97
2.1052
0.15 1.8
0.25 2.2
0.5 3
1 3.9
1.5 4.5
1.75 4.7
2.25 5.1
2.5 5.1
98
40.57
2.14
1.8
2.2
3
3.9
4.5
4.7
5.1
5.1
99
1.00115162
1.78908296
100
1.9427
0.15 1.8
0.25 2.2
0.5 3
1 3.9
1.5 4.5
1.75 4.7
2.25 5.1
2.5 5.1
101
26.94
2.68
1.8
2.2
3
3.9
4.5
4.7
5.1
5.1
102
0.06254986
0.59356294
103
4.8439
0.15 1.8
0.25 2.2
0.5 3
1 3.9
1.5 4.5
1.75 4.7
2.25 5.1
2.5 5.1
104
782.08
-725.42
1.8
2.2
3
3.9
4.5
4.7
5.1
5.1
37
DESIGN OF END BEAM
Dead load :
Size of end beam 7.60 x 0.74 x 0.70
Dead load from super structure (As calculated in pier design ) = 336.41 t
Dead load from end beam (As calculated in pier design ) = 8.44 t
Water load in trough = 270.00 t
Total dead load = 614.85 t
Total dead load coming on to end beam 336.41 / 2 = 168.206 t
Total dead load coming on to end beam per m length
168.206 / 7.6 = 22.1324 t/ m
Live load :
Maximum live load reaction with impact from MOST = 36.848 t
Live load including impact per m length = 36.848 / 7.60 = 4.848 t/m
Total load coming on end beam = 22.1324 + 4.848 = 26.981 t/m
The arrangement of bearing points is as shown below:

The analysis is done by moment distribution method
Load Uniformly distributed load 26.981 t/m
Span lengths 0.40 3.40 3.40 0.40 m
Distribution factors 0.50 0.50

Fixed end moments 2.16 -25.99 25.99 -25.99 25.99
-2.16 tm
distribution 23.83 0.00 0.00 -23.83 tm
carryover 11.92 -11.92 tm
support moments 2.16 -2.16 37.91 -37.91 2.16 -2.16 tm
Mid span moments 21.1126 21.1126 tm
shear 10.7924 56.3824 35.353 35.353 56.3824 10.7924 t
Support reactions 67.1748 70.7061 67.1748 t
Maximum support moment = 37.908 t/m

Maximum mid span moment = 21.113 t/m
Maximum design moment = 37.908 t/m
Maximum shear = 56.382 t
Maximum load on bearing = 70.706 t
Minimum load on bearing = 58.000 t
Bearings of size 400 x 250 x 65 are adopted ( Conforming to IRC:83 ( Part II ) - 1987 )
Design constants:
Grade of concrete = M 25
Stress in concrete := 83 kg/cm k = 0.356
Effective depth required = 37.91 x 100000 = 62.71 cm

13.028 x 74
Effective depth provided using 25 mm dia bars
de = 70 - 4 - 1.25 = 64.75 cm
Area of steel required = 37.91 x 100000 = 44.289 cm
1500 x 57.06
No of 25 mm dia bars required= 9 bars
No of 25 mm dia bars provided = 8 bars Ast = 39.29 mm
38
Check for shear

Nominal shear stress as already calculated = 56.38 x 1000 = 11.767 Kg/cm
74 64.75
Percentage of steel = 39.29 x 100 = 0.82 %
74 64.75
From Table 12B of IRC 21-2000
for Pt 0.75 % Tc = 3.500 Kg/cm
for Pt 1.00 % Tc = 3.900 Kg/cm
for Pt 0.82 % Tc = 3.612 Kg/cm Shear reinforcement required
Balance shear = 11.767 - 3.612 x 74 x 64.75 /1000
= 39.08 t
6 legged 12 stirrups be provided for the above balance shear
Area of stirrups: Aw = 6.78 cm
Spacing = Aw x fs x d
Balace shear
= 6.78 x 1500 x 64.75 = 16.86 cm
39.08 x 1000
However provide 6 legged 12 mm dia stirrups at 20 cm c/c
Project Flood Flow Canal - SRSP
Subject PIER DESIGN (INCLUDING SEISMIC CASES)
span (c/c of exp joint) 11 m Grade of concrete

girder depth 1.1 m Grade of steel
thickness of wearing coat 0.05 m cover to reinforcement
height of hand rail 0.77
height of kerb 0.275
Height of hand rail+kerb 1.045 m
Formation level 103.800 m RL
HFL 100.000 m RL
Lowest bed level 91.500 m RL
bottom of pier 90.650 m RL
no. of bearings at pier 6.000
Velocity of flow 1.600 m/s
2dsm level 90.650 m RL
top of pier cap 102.250 m RL
bottom of pier cap 100.650 m RL
width of pier cap 1.350 m
pier cap depth h1 0.650 m
h2 0.750 m
length of pier cap b1 6.500 m
b2 1.350 m
pier width w1 0.000 m
cut waters w2 1.350 m
width of pier 1.350 m
Height of pier 10.000 m
a) Loading from Super structure

load case P MT ML
dead load 102 0 0
SIDL 26 0 0
Live load 72 83 10
b) SelfWeight of Sub Structure

wt dry case wt 100% B wt 15% B
pier cap
volume above HFL 9.67 23.208 23.208 23.208
volume below HFL 0
pier
volume above HFL 0.93 34.392 20.992 32.382
volume below HFL 13.4
57.6 44.2 55.59
c) Wind load
case Bridge under service Unloaded condition
Force Lever arm Moment Force Lever arm Moment
(in t) wrt bottom at bottom of (in t) wrt bottom at bottom of
of pier pier of pier pier
Minimum wind load case 4.95 13.150 65.09
HFL condition 1.18 13.073 15.44
HFL condition(WF on LL) 3.20 14.650 46.88
Total Force HFL case 4.38 62.32
River dry case 1.90 13.073 24.80
River dry case(WF on LL) 3.20 14.650 46.88
Total Force dry case 5.10 71.68
one span dislodged cond 2.323 13.073 30.37
Design Wind forces Force Moment Force Moment
HFL condition 4.95 65.09
River dry condition 5.10 71.68
one span dislodged cond 2.323 30.37

d) Earth quake forces (Super Structure supported on Elastomeric bearings)
Ah (Trans) (Z/2)*(Sa/g)/(R/I) Ah (long) (Z/2)*(Sa/g)/(R/I)

MI (pier Trans) = 0.163 m4 MI (pier Long) = 0.163
E 2500000.0 t/sqm E 2500000.0
top of pier - bottom of pier 11.60 m top of pier - bottom of pier 11.6
F for 1mm def. At pier top 7.83 KN F for 1mm def. At pier top 7.83018537
D (DL+LL) 1640 KN D (DL+LL) 1640
fundamental Time period 0.9153 fundamental Time period 0.915
sa/g (factor) 1.0 sa/g (factor) 1
Sa/g 1.09 Sa/g 1.09
Z/2 0.05 Z/2 0.05
Sa/g 1.09253184 as per IRC:6-2000 Sa/g 1.093 as per IRC:6-2000
R/I 1.67 R/I 1.67
coeff 0.033 coeff 0.033
(Eq transeverse) at pier (Eq Longitudinal) at pier

Case Force Lever arm Moment Force Lever arm Moment
(in t) wrt bottom at bottom of (in t) wrt bottom at bottom of
of pier pier of pier pier
Dead load 102 3.343 13.15 43.96 3.34314743 11.60 38.78
SIDL 26 0.852 13.15 11.21 0.85217483 11.60 9.89
Live load 72 1.180 14.35 16.93 0.000 11.60 0.00
Design EQ forces Force Moment Force Moment
Bridge under service 5.38 72.10 4.20 48.67
One span dislodges 1.05 13.79 1.05 12.17
Estimation of Eq forces and moments due to self weight of sub structure at bottom of pier
Force (T) LA M (T) Force (L) M (L)

F (pier cap) 0.8 11.1 8.4 0.76 8.4
F (Pier) 1.1 5.0 5.6 1.13 5.6
e) Braking force (Super Structure supported on Elastomeric bearings)
Case Force Lever arm Moment Remarks

(in t) wrt bottom at bottom of
of pier pier
Bridge under service 10.000 12.000 120.000
Bridge under service 5.000 12.000 60.000 with earth quake
f) Total Horz. Force at bearing level (Super Structure supported on Elastomeric bearings)
Case Force Lever arm Moment Remarks
(in t) wrt bottom at bottom of
of pier pier
Bridge under service 0.260 12.000 3.120
one span dislodged case 2.600 12.000 31.200 and also valid for Abutment design
g) Water current force calculation

Normal 20 deg variation in flow acting - m -
FT FT FL above pier
bottom
on pier cap 0.00 0 0 0
on pier 1.02 0.9 0.12 6.43
Design forces and moments at Remarks
bottom of pier Force 1.0200 0.9 0.12
Moment 6.56 5.79 0.77

Tabulation of forces and moments at bottom of pier

Load case P MT ML FT FL
1 Loading from Super Structure
a DL from super structure 102.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
b SIDL from super structure 26.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
c LL from super structure 72.00 83.16 130.00 0.00 10.00
2 Weight of Sub Structure
a weight of sub str. 55.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
b weight of sub str. 57.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
c weight of sub str. 44.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Wind forces
wind load (90 deg.)
3-1-a service + HFL 0.00 65.09 0.00 4.95 0.00
3-1-b Service + river dry 0.00 71.68 0.00 5.10 0.00
3-1-c one span dislodged + HFL 0.00 30.37 0.00 2.32 0.00
wind load (45 deg.)
3-2-a service + HFL 0.00 42.96 21.48 3.27 1.63
3-2-b Service + river dry 0.00 47.31 23.66 3.36 1.68
3-2-c one span dislodged + HFL 0.00 20.04 10.02 1.53 0.77
4 Seismic forces
a Earth quake forces-T 0.00 86.16 0.00 7.26 0.00
b EQ L 0.00 0.00 62.73 0.00 6.08
c Earth quake forces-L 0.00 0.00 19.20 0.00 1.99
5 Water current force
a normal 0.00 6.56 0.00 1.02 0.00
b 20 deg. Variation in flow 0.00 5.79 0.77 0.90 0.12
Force due to Movement
6 of Bearings
a Under service 0.00 0.00 3.12 0.00 0.26
b One span condition 0.00 0.00 31.20 0.00 2.60
Forces and moments at bottom of pier
Load combinations P MT ML FT FL Remarks
Load comb 1 256 90 133 1.02 10.26 Bridge Service
Load comb 3 258 83 133 0 10.26 Bridge Service
Load comb 4 122 6.6 50 1.02 2.60 One span
Load comb 5 122 6 51 0.90 2.72 One span

Bridge under One span

Design parameters service condition
Height of pier 11.600 11.600
I 0.163 0.163
A 1.431 1.431
r min 0.338 0.338
Leff 13.920 20.300
Leff/rmin 41.244 60.148
Remarks < 50 150 < > 50
short column long column
Permissible stresses
concrete 8.330 8.330
Steel 200.000 200.000
Beta = 1.5-leff/(100r) 1.088 0.899
Final permissble stresses
Normal case Concrete 8.330 7.485
Steel 200.000 179.704
Wind load case Concrete 11.079 9.955
steel 266.000 239.006
Seismic case Concrete 12.495 11.227
steel 300.000 269.556
Design of pier cross section as RCC member As t1 30 32 on E/f

The section is designed using programme developed from Fundamental principles for Axial load Biaxial moment
(The output the same (I.e stress output for provided reinforcement is given in the following table)
Actual stresses Perimissible stresses

Load comb P MT ML MR Stress 1 Stress 2 Stress 1
1 256 90 133 161 8.33
2 256 89 134 161 8.33
3 258 83 133 157 8.33
4 122 7 50 51 7.48
5 122 6 51 51 7.48
6 256 155 133 204 11.08
7 256 133 155 204 11.08
8 258 155 133 204 11.08
9 258 130 157 204 11.08
10 122 26 61 66 9.95
11 220 134 68 151 12.50
12 220 48 132 140 12.50
13 222 128 68 145 12.50
14 222 42 131 137 12.50
15 122 6 70 71 11.23
stress 1 actual compressive stress in concrete
stress 2 actual tensile stress in steel
Design code Br107.950
Date May-05
Revision o
M25
Fe415
40 mm
Remarks
as per cl 212.6 of IRC:6

avg ht of super structure
above HFL 3.7225
w pressure 61
avg ht of super structure
above LBL 12.223
w pressure 98
as per cl:212.7 of IRC:6
bridge under service
bridge under service
Date May-05
Revision o
m4
t/sqm
m
KN
KN
as per IRC:6-2000
Remarks
for pier design

Remarks
Date May-05
Revision o
Remarks
15%B(WCF-N) Normal case
15%B(WCF-20) Normal case
River dry Normal case
15%B(WCF-N) one span
15%B(WCF-20) one span
15%B(WCF-N) Wind 90 deg.
15%B(WCF-20) Wind 45 deg.
River dry Wind 90 deg.
River dry wind 45 deg.
15%B(WCF-20) wind 45 deg.
15%B(WCF-N) Eq - Trans
15%B(WCF-20) Eq - Long
River dry Eq - Trans
River dry Eq - Long
15%B(WCF-20) Eq - Long
Date May-05
Revision o
Perimissible stresses
Stress 2 Remarks
200.00 OK
200.00 OK
200.00 OK
179.70 OK
179.70 OK
266.00 OK
266.00 OK
266.00 OK
266.00 OK
239.01 OK
300.00 OK
300.00 OK
300.00 OK
300.00 OK
269.56 OK
72
DESIGN OF PIER ( for a height upto 5.00m )
Longitudinal section of pier Cross section of pier

7.000 m
4.250 m
deck + 173.175 m
0.075 + 173.100 m
3.640
169.800
169.460 m
0.400 + 169.060
0.200 + 168.860 m
1.50 7.600 0.600 1.500 0.600 1.50 168.260
0.900 167.360 m
0.300 167.060 m
2.05 3.50 m 2.05 + 171.293 FSL
2.00 m 1.50
5.208 FSD
1.10 3.50 1.10 166.085 DBL

2.225 163.860
1.350 1.80
0.60 162.510
5.70 m 4.70
Width of slab in the normal direction = 7.000 m

Carriageway width = 4.250 m
width of piercap = 1.500 m
Length of pier cap = 7.200 m
Depth of pier cap at edge = 0.600 m
Depth of pier cap at pier face = 1.500 m
Width of pier = 1.500 m
Length of pier = 2.000 m
Width of foundation = 4.200 m
Depth of foundation at pier face = 1.350 m
Depth of foundation at edge = 0.600 m
Total Length of span = 15.000 m
Length of clear span = 13.500 m
effective span ( c/c of supports) = 14.400 m
SECTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PIER:
1.500
0.750 2.00 0.750

Area of cut and ease waters = 1.768 m2
Area of straight portion = 3.000 m2
Total cross section area = 4.768 m2
Equivalent length = 3.179 m
73
Modulus of section of pier at base ie at +163.86 m

Area of pier at base = 3.179 x 1.500 = 4.768 m2
Zxx of pier at base (road way dir) = 1/6 x 3.179 x 1.500 2 = 1.192 m3
Zyy of pier at base (drain flow dir.) = 1/6 x 3.179 2
x 1.500 = 2.526 m3
M.I xx of pier at base (road way dir) = 1/12 x 3.179 x 1.500 3 = 0.894 m4
M.I yy of pier at base (drain flow dir.) = 1/12 x 3.179 3
x 1.500 = 4.014 m4
Modulus of section of foundation concrete ie at +162.51 m

Area of foundation = 5.700 x 4.700 = 26.790 m2
Zxx of foundation (road way dir.) = 1/6 x 5.700 x 4.700 2 = 20.986 m3
Zyy of foundation ( drain flow dir.) = 1/6 x 5.700 2
x 4.700 = 25.451 m3
LOADS COMING ON TO PIER :
a. Dead load:
1 Dead load from trough (from trough design) 22.428 x 15.000 = 336.41 t
2 Dead load from end beam
2 x 7.600 x 0.740 x 0.300 x 2.500 = 8.436 t
3 Water load in trough (from trough design) 18.000 x 15.000 = 270.00 t
4 Dead load from pedestals on piercap
6 x 0.800 x 0.620 x 0.200 x 2.400 = 1.428 t
5 Dead load from pier cap
[( 7.600 + 3.50 ) / 2 x 0.900 +
( 7.600 x 0.600 ) ] x 1.50 x 2.400 = 34.398 t
6 Dead load from pier bed block(rectangular portion at top)
3.50 x 1.500 x 0.30 x 2.400 = 3.780 t
7 Weight of pier ( with semi circular cut and ease waters)
I Above pier base 4.768 x 3.200 x 2.4 = 36.617 t
ii Below FSL 4.768 x 7.433 x 2.4 = 85.06 t
8 Weight of pier with 15% buoyancy
36.62 -( 85.06 / 2.4 )x 0.15 = 31.30 t
9 Weight of foundation
5.700 x 4.700 x 1.350 x 2.4 -
2 x 1/2 x 5.700 x 1.450 x 0.750 x 2.4 = 71.923 t
10 Weight of foundation with 100% buoyancy
71.923 x 1.4 / 2.4 = 41.955 t
b. Live load Reactions :
for class A train of vehicles (with 4 cases of loading positions):
Case : 1 2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 0
10.700 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 2.900 0.000
14.400 m 0.600 14.400 m
Ra Rb
Case : 2
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
9.500 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 3.000 1.100
14.400 0.600 14.400
Ra Rb
Case : 3 2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8

5.200 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 3.000 5.400
14.400 0.600 14.400
Ra Rb
Case : 4
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
74
2.200 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 3.000 8.400

14.400 0.600 14.400 m
Ra Rb
One lanes of class A loading

Case No. Ra Rb Ra+Rb Ra-Rb Ra+ Rb max = 36.848 t
Case: 1 4.219 30.208 34.427 25.990 Ra - Rb min = 0.552 t
Case: 2 14.694 21.978 36.672 7.284 Max. load in span = 43.2 t
Case: 3 18.148 18.700 36.848 0.552
Case: 4 17.940 16.150 34.090 1.790
Max reaction Ra or Rb from one span = 60.417

Live load considered in the design (with out impact) = 36.848 t
Impact can be neglected as the height of pier is more than 3.00m (vide cl 211.7 of IRC: 6-2000)
HORIZONTAL FORCES :
Tractive force or Braking force on pier due to class- A train of vehicles :

The Braking force for this loading is the maximum that is coming on the span
I.e., 43.2 t for two lanes of class A loading
Braking force 43.2 x 1 x 20% /2 = 4.320 t
acting at 1.20 m above road level = 1 173.18 = 174.375 m
Change in vertical reaction due to braking force
= 4.320 ( 1.2 + 4.115 ) / 14.40 = 1.595 t
Moment at the base of pier = 4.320 x 5.200 = 22.464 t.m
Moment about top of soil = 4.320 x 6.550 = 28.296 t.m
Moment due to live load eccentricity :-

a) Eccentricity perpendicular to road way in the drain flow direction
(longitudinal) :-
One lanes of class A Loading
Distance of C.G of L .L from the edge of the kerb 0.15+0.5/2+.9
1.3 m
Eccentricity of loads from the centre line of bridge 0.825 m
Max.liveload 36.848 t
Moment 30.400 t.m
Moment to be considered in the desi 30.3995 tm
b) Transverse eccentricity :-
Max.live load = = 36.848 t
ecccentricity = 0.600 / 2 = 0.300 m
Moment = 36.848 x 0.300 = 11.054 t.m
Moment due to Dead load eccentricity :- ( for one span condition)

Max.Dead load = 336.41 / 2 = 168.206 t
Moment = 168.21 x 0.300 = 50.462 t.m
Moment due to frictional resistance to bearings:-

Size of elastomeric bearing 500 x 320 x 86
Movement of bearings = 5 x 10-4 x 14.400 /2 = 0.0036 m = 3.60 mm
Force on pier/ bearing = 488 x 308 x 3.6 x 100.00 = 0.81984 t
66 x 1E+006 =
Horizontal Force on pier = 10 % of 0.81984 x 3 = 0.246 t
moment at the base of pier = 0.246 x 5.200 = 1.279 tm
moment about top of soil = 0.246 x 6.550 = 1.611 tm
75
Wind Force ( Para 212.30 of IRC Bridge code )

Case-(I ) Wind force on deck slab: Pier and live load
Span 15.000 m
Exposed heights: deck (slab+girder) 4.115 Road level 173.175 m
kerb 0.225 FSL 171.293 m
railing 0.770 50 % openings CBL 166.085 m
5.110 m FDNL 162.510 m
Case- A: Wind force on deck slab. Pier

drain empty condition
exposed Area Ht. abovePressure Force Leverarm Moment Leverarm Moment
height CBL at base of pier on top of soil
Hand rails 0.770 5.775 7.700 80.650 0.466 9.925 4.623 11.275 5.251
deck incl kerbs 4.340 65.100 5.145 68.725 4.474 7.370 32.973 8.720 39.013
37.596 tm 44.265 tm
drain full condition
height FSL at base of pier on top of soil
Hand rails 0.770 5.775 2.492 54.704 0.316 9.925 3.135 11.275 3.562
deck incl kerbs 4.340 65.100 0.000 40.000 2.604 7.370 19.191 8.720 22.707
22.327 tm 26.269 tm
Case- B Wind force on live load
Taking maximum length of vehicle permitted in one span, joint to j 20.300 m for class A loading
The max. force will be acting on 15.000 m length of truck. with 300 kg/ m run
acting at a height of 1.50m above the road level.I.e acting at 174.68 m
wind force = 15.000 x 300/1000 = 4.5 t
moment at the base of pier = 4.5 x 10.815 = 48.668 t.m
moment about top of soil = 4.5 x 12.165 = 54.743 t.m
Case(a)+Case(b) : total moment due to wind force on trough and live load.
For drain full condition: For drain empty condition:
Case -A Case - B Total Case -A Case - B Total
moment at the base pier = 22.327 48.668 70.99 t 37.596 48.668 86.263 t
Moment about top of soil = 26.269 54.743 81.01 t 44.265 54.743 99.007 t
case -(ii) :- but as per para 212.6 of IRC.bridge code the wind force should n less than 450 Kg/m ie,
wind force = 15.000 x 450/1000 = 6.75 t
moment at the base pier = 6.75 x 5.200 = 35.10 t.m
With Live Load For drain full condition: For drain empty condition:
Max moment due to wind force at base of pier 70.99 t.m 86.26 t.m
Max moment due to wind force on top of soil 81.01 t.m 99.01 t.m
case(iii) :- 240 Kg/ m2. in considered.

as per clause 212.7 of I.R.C. Bridge code a wind force o 240 Kg/ m2. in considered.
wind force on hand rail= 240 x 0.385 x 15.000 / 1000 = 1.39 t

acting at 9.925 from top of the pier
wind force on deck= 240 x 4.340 x 15.000 / 1000 = 15.62 t
76
moment at the base pier = 1.39 x 9.924999 15.62 x 7.370 = 128.905 t.m
moment about top of soil = 1.39 x 11.275 15.62 x 8.720 = 151.868 t.m
With out Live Load For drain full condition: For drain empty condition:
Force due to water currents (para 213.2 of I.R.C )
Intensity of pressure due to water currents p=52 Kv

where K= 0.66 (for semi-circular) and 1.5 for flat surfaces
velocity in the drain under the bridge= = 2.025 m/s
Max.velocity(V)= 1.414 x mean velocity = 1.414 x 2.025 = 2.863 m/s
Max.velocity(V) = = 8.199 m/s
velocity at the drain bed level is considered as as the velocity in the drain is assumed as non silting and non scouring.
In the direction of drain flow :- In the direction of road way :-

Intensity of pressure at F.S.L:171. p=52 Kvcos20 = 264.40 kg/m p=52 kV sin 20 = 218.81 kg/m
Area 5.20838551090699 3.906 m 5.20838551090699 9.11 m
Total force on peir 1032.8 kgs 1994.4 kgs
Force Leverarm Moment Force Leverarm Moment
moment at base of pier 1.033 5.697 5.884 tm 1.994 5.697 11.362 tm
moment on the top of soil 1.033 7.047 7.279 tm 1.994 7.047 14.055 tm
Case (ii) :- The moment obtained in case (I) should not be less than the moments due to
net hydrostatic pressure with a diffference of 250 mm in water levels on oppposite faces
of the pier ( para 213.6 of I.R.C Bridge code ) Case (I) is considered even through
Case(ii) produces max.moment as the flow is regulated in the drain.
Earth quake forces (Super Structure supported on Elastomeric bearings)

Considering Zone II
Frequency = G as per Cl. 222.5 of IRC 6: 2000
Where = 0.02
= 1.00
= 1.5
Frequency = 0.02 x 1.00 x 1.50 = 0.03 G
Sesmisc force in transverse direction governs the design as it acts on the weight of the water in trough
in addition to its acting on the dead weight on the structure
Moments at base of pier

Moments in pier due to super structure in tm
due to dead load = 0.03 x 344.85 x 1.00 x 7.457 = 77.15
due to water load = 0.03 x 270.00 x 1.00 x 7.457 = 60.41
due to live load = 0.03 x 36.85 x 0.50 x 10.515 = 5.81
143.37
Moments in pier due to pier and piercap in tm
river dry condition
due to piercap = 0.03 x 35.83 x 1.00 x 4.250 = 4.57
6.69
river full condition
due to pier = 0.03 x 35.08 x 1.00 x 1.750 = 1.84
6.41
Moments at on top of soil
77

169.02
river dry condition
due to pier = 0.03 x 40.40 x 1.00 x 3.100 = 3.76
due to foundation = 0.03 x 71.92 x 1.00 x 0.675 = 1.46
11.23
due to pier = 0.03 x 35.08 x 1.00 x 3.100 = 3.26
10.13
Abstract of loads
Direct loads :- without buoyancy with 15% buoyancy
Dead load from trough 336.41 t 336.41 t

Water load in trough end beam 8.44 8.44
Water load in trough 270.00 270.00
Dead load from pedestals on pier cap 1.43 t 1.43 t
Dead load from piercap 34.40 t 34.40 t
Dead load from pier bed block 3.78 t 3.78 t
Total Dead load on to pier 654.45 t 654.45 t
Weight of pier 36.62 t 31.30 t
live load 36.85 t 36.85 t
Change in ver. Reaction due to braking force 1.59 t 1.59 t
Total direct loads at base of piers 729.51 t 724.20 t
Total direct loads at base of piers with out water in trou 459.51 t 454.20 t
weight of footing 71.923 t 41.955 t
Total direct loads at footings 801.44 t 766.15 t
Total direct loads at footings with out water in trough 531.44 t 496.15 t
Tabulation of loads and moments

at base of pier on top of soil
Vertical loads Loads- t Moments- t.m Loads- t Moments- t.m
& moments Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse
road way dir. drain flow dir. road way dir. drain flow dir.
Direct load without buoyanc 729.51 801.44
-do- without water in trough 459.51 531.44
Direct load with buoyancy 724.20 766.15
Braking force 22.464 28.296
Effect of Liveload ecc 11.054 0.000 11.054 0.000
Frictional resistence to bearings 1.279 1.611
Water currents 11.362 5.884 14.055 7.279
Wind force in river full cond. 128.90 151.87
Wind force in riverempty cond. 128.90 151.87
Seismic force in river full cond. 149.78 179.15
Seismic force in river empty cond. 150.06 180.25
Dead load ecc(one span condition) 50.462 50.462
Check for pier height:

Pier in water way dir Pier in road way dir
Height of pier h 5.000 5.000
78
Effective Height of pier = 1.2 x h heff 6.000 6.000

Moment of inertia I 4.014 0.894
Area A 4.768 4.768
Radius of gyration = ( I / A )1/2 r 0.918 0.433
Eff. Height/ Radius of gyration heff / r 6.539 13.856
< 50, hence short column < 50, hence short column
Stresses at the base of pier in t/m2 A= 4.768 m2 Zxx(road way dir)= 1.192 m3
( with out water in trough) Zyy(drain flow dir.)= 2.526 m3
Load Load Moment inMoment in Direct Bending Max Min Direct/Allow. stress
case. Load combination Road waydrain flow Stress Stress Stress Stress +
P ML MT P/A M/Z P/A+M/Z P/A-M/Z Bending/Allow.stress
Service Condition
1 DL+LL 459.51 34.80 0.00 96.38 29.19 125.57 67.18 0.189 < 1
2 DL+LL+Buoy. 454.20 46.16 5.88 95.26 41.06 136.32 54.21 0.202 < 1
3 DL+LL+Wind 459.51 34.80 128.90 96.38 80.23 176.61 16.15 0.251 < 1
4 DL+LL+Buoy.+Win 454.20 46.16 134.79 95.26 92.09 187.35 3.17 0.263 < 1
5 DL+LL+Eq 459.51 34.80 89.65 96.38 64.69 161.06 31.69 0.232 < 1
6 DL+LL+Buoy.+Eq 454.20 46.16 89.37 95.26 74.11 169.37 21.15 0.241 < 1
One span condition
7 DL+Buoy. 223.53 61.82 5.88 46.88 54.20 101.08 -7.31 0.140 < 1
8 DL+Wind 228.84 50.46 64.45 48.00 67.85 115.85 -19.86 0.158 < 1
9 DL+Buoy.+Wind 223.53 61.82 70.34 46.88 79.71 126.60 -32.83 0.171 < 1
( with water in trough) Zyy(drain flow dir.)= 2.526 m3
Service Condition
1 DL+LL 729.51 34.80 0.00 153.01 29.19 182.20 123.81 0.280 < 1
2 DL+LL+Buoy. 724.20 46.16 5.88 151.89 41.06 192.95 110.84 0.292 < 1
3 DL+LL+Wind 729.51 34.80 128.90 153.01 80.23 233.23 72.78 0.341 < 1
4 DL+LL+Buoy.+Win 724.20 46.16 134.79 151.89 92.09 243.98 59.80 0.354 < 1
5 DL+LL+Eq 729.51 34.80 150.06 153.01 88.60 241.61 64.40 0.351 < 1
6 DL+LL+Buoy.+Eq 724.20 46.16 149.78 151.89 98.02 249.92 53.87 0.361 < 1
Max. stress (compression) = 187.35 '< allowable comp. Stress of concrete for M25 grade: 625 t/m2'
Section is Un cracked section as per provisions of IRC 21-2000 (WITH WIND LOAD)
Reinforcement
Total load = 459.51 t
Area to resist the direct load = 459.51 / 625 x 10000 = 7352 cm
0.3% of gross area
Minimum steel = 0.3 x 4.768 x 10000 / 100 = 143.04 cm
Case ii is requiring maximum steel Area of steel as per case ii is:
No of 20 bars = 143.036 / 3.143 = 45.51 say 50 Nos
79
provide 20 50 Nos in allround = 157.14 cm

Transverse reinforcement :
As per clause 306.3.2 of IRC-21 the diameter of lateral ties works out to 8 mm minimum
As per clause 306.3.2 of IRC-21 the spacing of lateral ties works out to240 mm
However provide 10 lateral ties at 200 mm c/c
DESIGN OF FOOTING
Stresses on soil in t/m2 A = 26.790 m2 Zxx(road way dir)= 20.986 m3
( with out water in trough-from pier design) Zyy(drain flow dir.)= 25.451 m3
Load Load Moment in Moment in Direct Bending Max Min SBC
case. Load combination Road waydrain flow Stress Stress Stress Stress of soil
P ML MT P/A M/Z P/A+M/Z P/A-M/Z 50 t/m2
Service Condition
1 DL+LL 531.44 40.96 0.00 19.84 1.95 21.79 17.89 No tension& < SBC
2 DL+LL+Buoy. 496.15 55.02 7.28 18.52 2.91 21.43 15.61 No tension& < SBC
3 DL+LL+Wind 531.44 40.96 151.87 19.84 7.92 27.76 11.92 No tension& < SBC
4 DL+LL+Buoy.+Win 531.44 55.02 159.15 19.84 8.87 28.71 10.96 No tension& < SBC
5 DL+LL+Eq 531.44 40.96 108.91 19.84 6.23 26.07 13.61 No tension> SBC
6 DL+LL+Buoy.+Eq 531.44 40.96 107.81 20.88 6.19 27.07 14.69 No tension& < SBC
One span condition
7 DL+Buoy. 265.48 64.52 7.28 9.91 3.36 13.27 6.55 No tension& < SBC
8 DL+Wind 300.77 50.46 151.87 11.23 8.37 19.60 2.86 No tension& < SBC
9 DL+Buoy.+Wind 265.48 64.52 159.15 9.91 9.33 19.24 0.58 No tension& < SBC
Stresses on soil in t/m2 A= 26.790 m2 Zxx(road way dir)= 20.986 m3

Load Load Moment in
Moment in Direct Bending Max Min Direct/Allow. stress
Service Condition
1 DL+LL 801.44 40.96 0.00 29.92 1.95 31.87 27.96 0.050 <1
2 DL+LL+Buoy. 766.15 55.02 7.28 28.60 2.91 31.51 25.69 0.049 <1
3 DL+LL+Wind 801.44 40.96 151.87 29.92 7.92 37.83 22.00 0.057 <1
4 DL+LL+Buoy.+Win 766.15 55.02 159.15 28.60 8.87 37.47 19.72 0.056 <1
5 DL+LL+Eq 801.44 40.96 180.25 29.92 9.03 38.95 20.88 0.059 <1
6 DL+LL+Buoy.+Eq 766.15 55.02 179.15 28.60 9.66 38.26 18.94 0.057 <1
Data
modular ratio = 10 R = 11.046 1.60 1.50 1.60
Stresses at corners:
Stress at P1 38.950 t/m 1.35
Stress at P2 3.904 t/m 0.60
Stress at P3 35.046 t/m 4.70
Stress at P4 20.881 t/m
From Stress trepezoid on P1 and P2 P1 P2
Stress at the face of pier = 27.019 t/m
80
Stress at the distance 'd' from face of the pier = 36.433 t/m
Moment and shear: 5.70
Moment 38.950 - 27.019 )1.6 2 / 3 +
27.019 x 1.60 2 / 2 = 44.765 tm
Shear = ( 1.6 - 1.262 )x 1.0 x 38.950 = 13.146 t
Effective depth :
Eff. Depth required = 44.765 x 105 = 63.660 cm P3 P4
11.046 x 100
Area of steel = 44.765 x 105 = 19.66 Cm
2000 0.902 126.25
Provide 25 bars at 250 mm c/c Ast = 19.64 Cm
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 126.25 = 15.15 Cm
Provide dist steel 16 bars at 250 mm c/c Ast = 8.05 Cm
Check for shear
One way shear: Critical section is at 'd' from face of the pier
Depth at a distance 'd' from the face of pier with 0.6m depth at edge = 0.6707 m
Percent of steel Pt = 100 x 19.64 /( 100 x 67.07 )= 0.293 %
Two way shear: Critical section is at 'd/2' from face of the pier
Design shear = 459.51 t
Perimeate at 'd/2' critical section
= 2x( ( 1.500 + 1.263 )+( 3.18 + 1.2625 = 14.407 m
Area = 14.407 x 1.263 = 18.189 m
Shear resistance = 18.189 x 10 x 0.16 x sqrt
5
25 = 1455.12 t
63
DESIGN OF PIER ( for a height of 5.00m to 7.00m)

7.000 m
4.250 m
deck + 173.175 m
0.075 + 173.100 m
3.640
169.800
169.460 m
0.400 + 169.060
0.200 + 168.860 m
1.50 7.600 0.600 1.500 0.600 1.50 168.260
0.900 167.360 m
0.300 167.060 m
2.05 3.50 m 2.05 + 171.293 FSL
2.00 m 1.50
5.208 FSD
1.25 3.50 1.25 166.085 DBL

4.225 161.860
1.350 1.80
0.60 160.510
6.00 m 5.00

1.500
0.750 2.00 0.750

64

x 1.500 = 2.526 m3
x 1.500 = 4.014 m4

x 5.000 = 30.000 m3
a. Dead load:
2 x 7.600 x 0.740 x 0.300 x 2.500 = 8.436 t
6 x 0.800 x 0.620 x 0.200 x 2.400 = 1.428 t
[( 7.600 + 3.50 ) / 2 x 0.900 +
( 7.600 x 0.600 ) ] x 1.50 x 2.400 = 34.398 t
3.50 x 1.500 x 0.30 x 2.400 = 3.780 t
ii Below FSL 4.768 x 9.433 x 2.4 = 107.94 t
59.50 -( 107.94 / 2.4 )x 0.15 = 52.76 t
6.000 x 5.000 x 1.350 x 2.4 -
2 x 1/2 x 6.000 x 1.600 x 0.750 x 2.4 = 79.920 t
79.920 x 1.4 / 2.4 = 46.620 t
Case : 1 2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 0
10.700 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 2.900 0.000
14.400 m 0.600 14.400 m
Ra Rb
Case : 2
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
9.500 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 3.000 1.100
14.400 0.600 14.400
Ra Rb
Case : 3 2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8

5.200 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 3.000 5.400
14.400 0.600 14.400
Ra Rb
Case : 4
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
65
2.200 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 3.000 8.400

14.400 0.600 14.400 m
Ra Rb

Case: 1 4.219 30.208 34.427 25.990 Ra - Rb min = 0.552 t
Case: 3 18.148 18.700 36.848 0.552
Case: 4 17.940 16.150 34.090 1.790

HORIZONTAL FORCES :

= 4.320 ( 1.2 + 4.115 ) / 14.40 = 1.595 t

(longitudinal) :-
1.3 m
Moment 30.400 t.m
Moment = 36.848 x 0.300 = 11.054 t.m

Max.Dead load = 336.41 / 2 = 168.206 t
Moment = 168.21 x 0.300 = 50.462 t.m

66 x 1E+006 =
66

Span 15.000 m
kerb 0.225 FSL 171.293 m
5.110 m FDNL 160.510 m

Hand rails 0.770 5.775 7.700 80.650 0.466 11.925 5.554 13.275 6.183
deck incl kerbs 4.340 65.100 5.145 68.725 4.474 9.370 41.921 10.720 47.961
47.475 tm 54.144 tm
Hand rails 0.770 5.775 2.492 54.704 0.316 11.925 3.767 13.275 4.194
deck incl kerbs 4.340 65.100 0.000 40.000 2.604 9.370 24.399 10.720 27.915
28.167 tm 32.109 tm
wind force = 15.000 x 300/1000 = 4.5 t
wind force = 15.000 x 450/1000 = 6.75 t


67


Area 5.20838551090699 3.906 m 5.20838551090699 9.11 m

Considering Zone II
Where = 0.02
= 1.00
= 1.5
Frequency = 0.02 x 1.00 x 1.50 = 0.03 G

181.37
river dry condition
11.94
due to pier = 0.03 x 56.54 x 1.00 x 2.750 = 4.66
11.38
68

207.01
river dry condition
due to pier = 0.03 x 63.28 x 1.00 x 4.100 = 7.78
17.57
due to pier = 0.03 x 56.54 x 1.00 x 4.100 = 6.95
16.07
Abstract of loads


Water currents 15.351 7.950 18.044 9.344

69

Area A 4.768 4.768
Service Condition
1 DL+LL 482.40 43.93 0.00 101.18 36.85 138.03 64.32 0.206 < 1
2 DL+LL+Buoy. 475.65 59.28 7.95 99.76 52.88 152.64 46.88 0.223 < 1
3 DL+LL+Wind 482.40 43.93 162.92 101.18 101.36 202.54 -0.18 0.284 < 1
4 DL+LL+Buoy.+Win 475.65 59.28 170.87 99.76 117.38 217.15 -17.62 0.301 < 1
5 DL+LL+Eq 482.40 43.93 116.70 101.18 63.59 164.77 37.58 0.238 < 1
6 DL+LL+Buoy.+Eq 475.65 59.28 116.14 99.76 112.29 212.06 -12.53 0.294 < 1
One span condition
7 DL+Buoy. 244.98 65.81 7.95 51.38 58.36 109.74 -6.98 0.152 < 1
8 DL+Wind 251.73 50.46 81.46 52.80 74.59 127.38 -21.79 0.174 < 1
9 DL+Buoy.+Wind 244.98 65.81 89.41 51.38 90.61 142.00 -39.23 0.191 < 1
Service Condition
1 DL+LL 752.40 43.93 0.00 157.81 36.85 194.66 120.95 0.297 <1
2 DL+LL+Buoy. 745.65 59.28 7.95 156.39 52.88 209.27 103.51 0.314 <1
3 DL+LL+Wind 752.40 43.93 162.92 157.81 101.36 259.16 56.45 0.374 <1
4 DL+LL+Buoy.+Win 745.65 59.28 170.87 156.39 117.38 273.78 39.01 0.391 <1
5 DL+LL+Eq 752.40 43.93 193.30 157.81 113.39 271.19 44.42 0.389 <1
6 DL+LL+Buoy.+Eq 745.65 59.28 192.75 156.39 126.04 282.44 30.35 0.402 <1
Reinforcement
0.3% of gross area
No of 20 bars = 143.036 / 3.143 = 45.51 say 50 Nos
70

DESIGN OF FOOTING
Service Condition
One span condition

Load Load Moment in
Service Condition
1 DL+LL 832.32 50.09 0.00 27.74 2.00 29.75 25.74 0.047 <1
2 DL+LL+Buoy. 792.27 68.14 9.34 26.41 3.04 29.45 23.37 0.046 <1
3 DL+LL+Wind 832.32 50.09 185.89 27.74 8.20 35.94 19.54 0.054 <1
4 DL+LL+Buoy.+Win 792.27 68.14 195.23 26.41 9.23 35.64 17.18 0.053 <1
5 DL+LL+Eq 832.32 50.09 224.58 27.74 9.49 37.23 18.25 0.056 <1
6 DL+LL+Buoy.+Eq 792.27 68.14 223.08 26.41 10.16 36.57 16.25 0.054 <1
Data
modular ratio = 10 R = 11.046 1.75 1.50 1.75
Stress at P1 37.234 t/m 1.35
Stress at P3 33.226 t/m 5.00
71
Moment 37.234 - 25.605 )1.75 2 / 3 +
25.605 x 1.75 2 / 2 = 51.079 tm
Shear = ( 1.75 - 1.262 )x 1.0 x 37.234 = 18.152 t
Effective depth :
11.046 x 100
Area of steel = 51.079 x 105 = 22.43 Cm
2000 0.902 126.25
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 126.25 = 15.15 Cm
Check for shear
= 2x( ( 1.500 + 1.263 )+( 3.18 + 1.2625 = 14.407 m
Area = 14.407 x 1.263 = 18.189 m
5
25 = 1455.12 t
54
DESIGN OF PIER ( for a height of 7.00m to 9.00m)

7.000 m
4.250 m
deck + 173.175 m
0.075 + 173.100 m
3.640
169.800
169.460 m
0.400 + 169.060
0.200 + 168.860 m
1.50 7.600 0.600 1.500 0.600 1.50 168.260
0.900 167.360 m
0.300 167.060 m
2.05 3.50 m 2.05 + 171.293 FSL
2.00 m 1.50
5.208 FSD
1.40 3.50 1.40 166.085 DBL

6.225 159.860
1.350 1.80
0.60 158.510
6.30 m 5.30

1.500
0.750 2.00 0.750

55

x 1.500 = 2.526 m3
x 1.500 = 4.014 m4

x 5.300 = 35.060 m3
a. Dead load:
2 x 7.600 x 0.740 x 0.300 x 2.500 = 8.436 t
6 x 0.800 x 0.620 x 0.200 x 2.400 = 1.428 t
[( 7.600 + 3.50 ) / 2 x 0.900 +
( 7.600 x 0.600 ) ] x 1.50 x 2.400 = 34.398 t
3.50 x 1.500 x 0.30 x 2.400 = 3.780 t
ii Below FSL 4.768 x 11.433 x 2.4 = 130.83 t
82.39 -( 130.83 / 2.4 )x 0.15 = 74.21 t
6.300 x 5.300 x 1.350 x 2.4 -
2 x 1/2 x 6.300 x 1.750 x 0.750 x 2.4 = 88.339 t
88.339 x 1.4 / 2.4 = 51.531 t
Case : 1 2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 0
10.700 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 2.900 0.000
14.400 m 0.600 14.400 m
Ra Rb
Case : 2
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
9.500 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 3.000 1.100
14.400 0.600 14.400
Ra Rb
Case : 3 2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8

5.200 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 3.000 5.400
14.400 0.600 14.400
Ra Rb
Case : 4
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
56
2.200 1.100 3.200 1.200 4.300 3.000 3.000 3.000 8.400

14.400 0.600 14.400 m
Ra Rb

Case: 1 4.219 30.208 34.427 25.990 Ra - Rb min = 0.552 t
Case: 3 18.148 18.700 36.848 0.552
Case: 4 17.940 16.150 34.090 1.790

HORIZONTAL FORCES :

= 4.320 ( 1.2 + 4.115 ) / 14.40 = 1.595 t

(longitudinal) :-
1.3 m
Moment 30.400 t.m
Moment = 36.848 x 0.300 = 11.054 t.m

Max.Dead load = 336.41 / 2 = 168.206 t
Moment = 168.21 x 0.300 = 50.462 t.m

66 x 1E+006 =
57

Span 15.000 m
kerb 0.225 FSL 171.293 m
5.110 m FDNL 158.510 m

Hand rails 0.770 5.775 7.700 80.650 0.466 13.925 6.486 15.275 7.114
deck incl kerbs 4.340 65.100 5.145 68.725 4.474 11.370 50.869 12.720 56.909
57.355 tm 64.024 tm
Hand rails 0.770 5.775 2.492 54.704 0.316 13.925 4.399 15.275 4.826
deck incl kerbs 4.340 65.100 0.000 40.000 2.604 11.370 29.607 12.720 33.123
34.007 tm 37.948 tm
wind force = 15.000 x 300/1000 = 4.5 t
wind force = 15.000 x 450/1000 = 6.75 t


58


Area 5.20838551090699 3.906 m 5.20838551090699 9.11 m

Considering Zone II
Where = 0.02
= 1.00
= 1.5
Frequency = 0.02 x 1.00 x 1.50 = 0.03 G

219.36
river dry condition
18.56
due to pier = 0.03 x 77.99 x 1.00 x 3.750 = 8.77
17.64
59

245.01
river dry condition
due to pier = 0.03 x 86.17 x 1.00 x 5.100 = 13.18
25.29
due to pier = 0.03 x 77.99 x 1.00 x 5.100 = 11.93
23.29
Abstract of loads


Water currents 19.340 10.016 22.032 11.410

60

Area A 4.768 4.768
Service Condition
1 DL+LL 505.29 53.06 0.00 105.98 44.52 150.49 61.46 0.223 < 1
2 DL+LL+Buoy. 497.11 72.40 10.02 104.26 64.71 168.97 39.56 0.244 < 1
3 DL+LL+Wind 505.29 53.06 196.94 105.98 122.49 228.47 -16.51 0.317 < 1
4 DL+LL+Buoy.+Win 497.11 72.40 206.96 104.26 142.68 246.94 -38.42 0.338 < 1
5 DL+LL+Eq 505.29 53.06 145.12 105.98 78.46 184.44 27.52 0.264 < 1
6 DL+LL+Buoy.+Eq 497.11 72.40 144.20 104.26 138.08 242.34 -33.81 0.333 < 1
One span condition
7 DL+Buoy. 266.44 69.80 10.02 55.88 62.53 118.41 -6.64 0.164 < 1
8 DL+Wind 274.62 50.46 98.47 57.60 81.32 138.92 -23.72 0.190 < 1
9 DL+Buoy.+Wind 266.44 69.80 108.49 55.88 101.51 157.39 -45.63 0.211 < 1
Service Condition
1 DL+LL 775.29 53.06 0.00 162.61 44.52 207.12 118.09 0.314 < 1
2 DL+LL+Buoy. 767.11 72.40 10.02 160.89 64.71 225.60 96.19 0.335 < 1
3 DL+LL+Wind 775.29 53.06 196.94 162.61 122.49 285.09 40.12 0.407 < 1
4 DL+LL+Buoy.+Win 767.11 72.40 206.96 160.89 142.68 303.57 18.21 0.429 < 1
5 DL+LL+Eq 775.29 53.06 237.92 162.61 138.71 301.32 23.90 0.427 < 1
6 DL+LL+Buoy.+Eq 767.11 72.40 237.00 160.89 154.57 315.46 6.32 0.443 < 1
Reinforcement
0.3% of gross area
No of 20 bars = 143.036 / 3.143 = 45.51 say 50 Nos
61

DESIGN OF FOOTING
Service Condition
One span condition

Load Load Moment in
Service Condition
1 DL+LL 863.62 59.23 0.00 25.86 2.01 27.87 23.86 0.044 <1
2 DL+LL+Buoy. 818.64 81.26 11.41 24.52 3.08 27.60 21.44 0.043 <1
3 DL+LL+Wind 863.62 59.23 219.91 25.86 8.28 34.15 17.58 0.051 <1
4 DL+LL+Buoy.+Win 818.64 81.26 231.32 24.52 9.35 33.87 15.16 0.050 <1
5 DL+LL+Eq 863.62 59.23 270.30 25.86 9.72 35.58 16.15 0.053 <1
6 DL+LL+Buoy.+Eq 818.64 81.26 268.30 24.52 10.41 34.93 14.11 0.052 <1
Data
modular ratio = 10 R = 11.046 1.90 1.50 1.90
Stress at P1 35.583 t/m 1.35
Stress at P3 31.567 t/m 5.30
62
Moment 35.583 - 24.266 )1.9 2 / 3 +
24.266 x 1.90 2 / 2 = 57.418 tm
Shear = ( 1.9 - 1.262 )x 1.0 x 35.583 = 22.684 t
Effective depth :
11.046 x 100
Area of steel = 57.418 x 105 = 25.21 Cm
2000 0.902 126.25
Min steel = 0.12 / 100 x 100 x 126.25 = 15.15 Cm
Check for shear
= 2x( ( 1.500 + 1.263 )+( 3.18 + 1.2625 = 14.407 m
Area = 14.407 x 1.263 = 18.189 m
5
25 = 1455.12 t

0.3% of gross area

No of 20 bars = 143.036 / 3.143 = 45.51 say 47 Nos
63
173.100
171.200
171.000
170.400
169.500
169.200
10.350
165.485
9.000
64
65
66
Horizontal wind pressure for 7.700 m height = 80.650 Kg/ m

= 73 + ( 82 - 73.000 ) x ( 7.700 -
8.00 - 6.000
= 63 + ( 73 - 63.000 ) x ( 5.145 -
6.00 - 4.000
= 52 + ( 63 - 52.000 ) x ( 2.492 -
4.00 - 2.000
= 40 + ( 52 - 40.000 ) x ( 0.000 -
2.00 - 0.000
Height in m Pressure inKg/ m
0.00 40
2.00 52
4.00 63
6.00 73
8.00 82
10.00 91
15.00 107
20.00 119
25.00 130
67
and non scouring.

68
69
ng/Allow.stress
ng/Allow.stress
70
& < SBC

& < SBC
& < SBC
& < SBC
& < SBC
& < SBC

& < SBC
& < SBC
ng/Allow.stress
71
2.4282
0.15 1.80
0.25 2.20
0.5 3.00
1 3.90
1.5 4.50
1.75 4.70
2.25 5.10
2.5 5.10
3 5.10
72
73
74
75
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
76
77
78
79
80

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40

MIDDLE TROUGH BEAM

Max. vertical load on the Bearing Nmax. =

ELASTOMARICIC BEARING DETAILS

It is propposed to adopt bearing size of = 500 x 320 mm

bo = Shorter dimension of bearing = 320 mm

ho = Total height of bearing

Overall size of bearing = 500 x 320 x 86 mm

Nmax. allowable = 150 t < 161.77 t

Size of pedestal = 800 x 550 x 114 mm

CHECK FOR SIZES :

c) Shape factor S > 6 <= 12

CHECK FOR BEARING STRESS :

Actual bearing stress = Load / Area

Allowable bearing stress = c = A1 x cc

= A1 = 440000 = 1.71 < 2

c = 1.71096 x 7.5 = 12.8322 N/mm

CHECK FOR TRANSLATION :

d <= 0.7 , where d = ld 2 + bd 2

Horizontal load due to sesmic force on superstructure

Resultant H = 0.00 + 1.62 = 1.618 t

H per bearing = 1.618 t

bd = Longitudinal translation due to creep, shrinkage and temperature

For horizontal forces in Transverse direction:

WIND LOAD REACTION

Avg Ht. Of cg of Girder = 5.428 m

Height Wind pressure velocity of

... Design Wind Force = 18354 kg = 18.35 t

ld = H x ho Where G : Shear modulus = 8 Kg/cm

CHECK FOR ROTATION : ( As per Clause : 916.3.5 of IRC - 83 ( Part II ) - 1987 )

Ec = 5700 fck = 5700 25 = 28500 N / mm2

I : Moment of inertia of beam = 300 x 3640 3

bd = 4E+02 x 1E+03 + 0E+00 ) x 16.500 x 10.-3

bi max = 0.5 x 100 x 1.20 = 0.031 Kg / cm2

CHECK FOR FRICTION

We required : 10 >= >= 2

CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS:

320 x 500 x 86 thk.

5 nos. of 6 mm each metal plate

END TROUGH BEAM

Load due to self wt. of beams &trough per bearing = 38.90 t.

Max. vertical load on the Bearing Nmax. =

ELASTOMARICIC BEARING DETAILS

It is propposed to adopt bearing size of = 500 x 250 mm

bo = Shorter dimension of bearing = 250 mm

ho = Total height of bearing

Overall size of bearing = 500 x 250 x 68 mm

Nmax. allowable = 58 t < 67.71 t

Size of pedestal = 800 x 550 x 132 mm

CHECK FOR SIZES :

c) Shape factor S > 6 <= 12

CHECK FOR BEARING STRESS :

Actual bearing stress = Load / Area

Allowable bearing stress = c = A1 x cc

= A1 = 440000 = 1.95 < 2

c = 1.94638 x 7.5 = 14.5979 N/mm

CHECK FOR TRANSLATION :

d <= 0.7 , where d = ld 2 + bd 2

Horizontal load due to sesmic force on superstructure

Resultant H = 0.00 + 0.68 = 0.677 t

H per bearing = 0.677 t

bd = Longitudinal translation due to creep, shrinkage and temperature

For horizontal forces in Transverse direction:

WIND LOAD REACTION