2.

5 Pengumpulan dan Pengolahan data

2.5.1 Pengumpulan Data

A Standar pengujian : ASTM E8-M
B Gambar teknik :

38,25mm 5,6mm

C Tabel sebelum penarikan

Tabel 2.1 Data Sebelum Penarikan

No Data Keterangan

1 Jenis Material Baja TP 24 (SNI-07-2052-2002)

2 Panjang awal Lo = 38,25 mm Panjang gage length
awal
3 Diameter awal Do = 5,6 mm Diameter gage
length
4 Luas Penampang Ao = 24,617 mm Ao = d2

D Tabel setelah penarikan

Tabel 2.2 Data Setelah Penarikan

No Data Keterangan
1 Fmax Fmax = 1225 kg Diperoleh dari hasil
Fmax = 64 kotak pada mesin
2 Skala 1 kotak = 19,14 kg Skala
3 Fy Fy = 45 kotak Tentukan posisi Fy dari
Fy = 861,3 kg kurva mesin lalu hitung
bebannya
4 Panjang akhir Lf = 48,60 mm Panjang gage length
akhir
5 Diameter akhir Df = 3,4 mm Diameter gage length
akhir
6 Luas penampang akhir Af = 9,074 mm2 Ao = d2
7 Perubahan Panjang l= 10,35 mm l=Lf Lo lalu
l= 23 kotak bandingkan dengan
skalanya pada kurva
mesin
8 Kekuatan tarik u = 49,76 kg/mm2 u = Fmax/Ao
= 497,6 MPa
9 Kekuatan luluh y = 34,98 kg/mm2 y = Fy/Ao
 = 349,8 MPa
10 Keultelan = 27,058% = l /lo x 100%
11 Modulus elastisitas (E) E = 1292,77 E = y/
kg/mm2 = 1,29277
GPa
12 Skala 1 kotak = 0,45 mm

E Foto spesimen uji tarik

1 Sebelum penarikan

Gambar 2.11. Spesimen uji tarik sebelum penarikan

2 Sesudah penarikan

Gambar 2.11. Spesimen uji tarik sebelum penarikan

F Tabel data hasil pengamatan uji tarik

Tabel 2.5 Data Spesimen UTM

Titik Kurva mesin Kurva teknis Kurva sebenarnya

F (kg) l (mm) S e (kg/mm2)
2
(kg/mm )
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 95,7 0,675 3,887 0,0176 3,887 0,0174
3 153,12 1,125 6,220 0,0294 6,220 0,0289
4 210,54 1,35 8,552 0,0352 8,552 0,0346
5 267,96 1,8 10,885 0,0470 10,885 0,059
6 344,52 1,8 13,995 0,0470 13,995 0,0459
7 440,22 2,025 17,882 0,0529 17,882 0,0515
8 497,64 2,25 20,215 0,0588 20,215 0,0571
9 574,64 2,475 23,325 0,0647 23,325 0,0626
10 669,9 2,7 27,212 0,0705 27,212 0,0682
11 727,32 2,925 29,545 0,0764 29,545 0,0736
12 784,74 2,925 31,877 0,0764 31,877 0,0736
13 880,44 3,15 35,765 0,0823 35,765 0,0791
14 976,14 3,375 39,653 0,0882 39,653 0,0845
15 861,3 4,05 34,988 0,1058 34,988 0,1006
16 976,14 4,5 39,653 0, 1176 39,653 0,1112
17 1052,7 4,5 42,763 0,1176 42,763 0,1112
18 1071,84 5,4 43,540 0,1411 43,540 0,1320
19 1129,26 5,85 45,873 0,1529 45,873 0,1423
20 1167,54 6,3 47,428 0,1647 47,428 0,1524
21 1205,82 7,2 48,983 0,1882 48,983 0,1724
22 1215,39 8,1 49,371 0,2117 49,371 0,1920
23 1225 9,45 49,762 0,2470 49,762 0,2207
24 1205,82 10,35 48,983 0,2705 - -
25 1186 10,8 48,205 0,2823 - -
26 1148,4 11,25 46,650 0,2941 - -
27 1071,84 12,15 43,540 0,3176 - -
28 937,86 12,6 38,098 0,3304 103,356 0,9979

2.5.2 PENGOLAHAN DATA

a Luas Penampang
Luas penampang awal Luas penampang akhir
1 1
Ao = do2 Ao = do2
4 4
 1 2
Ao = 3,14 (5,6mm)
4

1 2
Ao = 3,14 (3,4mm)
4
Ao = 24,617 mm2 Ao = 9,076 mm2
b Skala
Fmax = 1225 kg Fy = 45 kotak
Fmax = 64 kotak Fy = 45kotak x 19,14
kg/kotak
1225 kg
1 kotak = 64 kotak = 19,14 kg/kotak Fy = 861,3 kg

c Perubahan panjang d. Kekuatan Tarik

Fmax
l = Lf - Lo u =
Ao
1225 kg
u =
l = 48,6 mm 38,25 mm 24,617 mm2
l = 10,35 mm

kg
u = 49,76 = 497,6 MPa
mm 2

e Kekuatan luluh f. Keuletan

Fy l
y = = x 100%
Ao lo
861,3 kg
y =
24,617 mm 2

10,35 mm
= x 100%
38,25 mm
kg
y = 34,98 =349,8 MPa = 27,058 %
mm 2

g Modulus elastisitas h. Skala (l/kotak) mm

y l
E = Skala =
kotak
 kg
34,98
mm 2 Skala =
E =
0,2705 8

10,35 mm
23 kotak
kg
E = 129,277 = 1,29277 GPa Skala = 0,45 mm/kotak
mm2

i Perhitungan konversi kurva mesin (F-l), kurva teknis (S-e), kurva

sebenarnya ( - )
1 Kurva mesin

a Gaya
Fn = jumlah kotak x skala gaya per kotak
F1 = 0 x 19,14 kg = 0 kg
b F2 = 5 x 19,14 kg = 95,7 kg
F3 = 8 x 19,14 kg = 153,12 kg
F4 = 11 x 19,14 kg = 210,54 kg
F5 = 14 x 19,14 kg = 267,96 kg
F6 = 18 x 19,14 kg = 344,52 kg
F7 = 23 x 19,14 kg = 440,22 kg
F8 = 26 x 19,14 kg = 497,64 kg
F9 = 30 x 19,14 kg = 574,2 kg
F10 = 35 x 19,14 kg = 669,9 kg
F11 = 38 x 19,14 kg = 727,32
kg
F12 = 41 x 19,14 kg = 784,74
kg
F13 = 46 x 19,14 kg = 880,44
F15 = 45 x 19,14 kg = 861,3 kg
F16= 51 x 19,14 kg = 976,14 kg P
F17 = 55 x 19,14 kg = 1052,7 kg er
F18 = 56 x 19,14 kg = 1071,84 kg
F19 = 59 x 19,14 kg = 1129,26 kg p
F20 = 61 x 19,14 kg = 1167,54 kg a
F21 = 63 x 19,14 kg = 1205,82 kg
nj
F22 = 63,5 x 19,14 kg = 1215,39
a
kg
F23 = 64 x 19,14 kg = 1225 kg n
F24 = 63 x 19,14 kg = 1205,82 kg g
F25 = 62 x 19,14 kg = 1186 kg
a
n
F26 = 60 x 19,14 kg = 1148,4 kg
(
F27 = 56 x 19,14 kg = 1071,84 kg

kg l)
F14 = 51 x 19,14 kg = 976,14 F28 = 49 x 19,14 kg = 937,86 kg
kg
ln = jumlah kotak x skala perpanjangan per kotak
 l1 = 0 x 0,45 mm = 0 mm
c l2 = 1,5 x 0,45 mm = 0,675
mm
l3 = 2,5 x 0,45 mm = 1,125
mm
l4 = 3 x 0,45 mm = 1,35 mm
l5 = 4 x 0,45 mm = 1,8 mm
l6 = 4 x 0,45 mm = 1,8 mm
l7 = 4,5 x 0,45 mm = 2,025
mm
l8 = 5 x 0,45 mm = 2,25 mm
l9 = 5,5 x 0,45 mm = 2,475
mm
l19 = 13 x 0,45 mm = 5,85 mm
l20 = 14 x 0,45 mm = 63,3 mm
l21 = 16 x 0,45 mm = 7,2 mm
l22 = 18 x 0,45 mm = 8,1 mm
l23 = 21 x 0,45 mm = 9,45 mm
kurva mesin
Gambar 2.111 Kurva mesin uji tarik
2 Kurva Teknis
l10 = 6 x 0,45 mm = 2,7 mm
l11= 6,5 x 0,45 mm = 2,925 mm G
a
l12 = 6,5 x 0,45 mm = 2,925 mm m
b
l13 = 7 x 0,45 mm = 3,15 mm
ar
l14 = 7,5 x 0,45 mm = 3,375 mm
l15= 9 x 0,45 mm = 4,05 mm
l16 = 10 x 0,45 mm = 4,5 mm
l17 = 10 x 0,45 mm = 4,5 mm
l18 = 12 x 0,45 mm = 5,4 mm
l24 = 23 x 0,45 mm = 10,35 mm
l25 = 24 x 0,45 mm = 10,8 mm
l26 = 25 x 0,45 mm = 11,25 mm
l27 = 27 x 0,45 mm = 12,15 mm
l28 = 28 x 0,45 mm = 12,6 mm
a Tegangan Teknis (S)
Fn (kg)
Sn = A0
 0 kg 81,3 kg
S1 = 24,617 mm2 =0 S15 = 24,617 mm2 = 34,988

kg kg
mm 2 mm 2
95,7 kg 976, 1 4 kg
S2 = 24,617 mm2 = 3,887 S16 = 24,617 mm2 = 39,653

kg kg
mm 2 mm 2
153,12 kg 1052,7 kg
S3 = 24,617 mm2 = 6,22 S17 = 24,617 mm2 = 42,763

kg kg
2 2
mm mm
210,54 kg 1071,84 kg
S4 = 24,617 mm2 = 8,552 S18 = 24,617 mm2 43,540

kg kg
2 2
mm mm
267,96 kg 1129,26 kg
S5 = 24,617 mm2 = 10,885 S19 = 24,617 mm2 45,873

kg kg
2 2
mm mm
344,52 kg 1167,54 kg
S6 = 24,617 mm2 = 13,995 S20 = 24,617 mm2 = 47,428

kg kg
mm 2 mm 2
440,22 kg 1205,82 kg
S7 = 24,617 mm2 = 17,882 S21 = 24,617 mm2 = 48,983

kg kg
mm 2 mm 2
497,4 kg 1215,39 kg
S8 = 24,617 mm2 = 20,215 S22 = 24,617 mm2

kg kg
49,371
mm 2 mm 2
574,2 kg 1225 kg
S9 = 24,617 mm2 = 23,325 S23 = 24,617 mm2 49,762

kg kg
mm 2 mm 2
669,9 kg 1205,82 kg
S10 = 24,617 mm2 = 27,212 S24 = 24,617 mm2 48,983

kg kg
mm 2 mm 2
727,32 kg 1186 kg
S11 = 24,617 mm2 =29,212 S25 = 24,617 mm2 48,205

kg kg
mm 2 mm 2
b Regangan Teknis (e)

l (mm)
en =
lo (mm)

0 mm 4,0 5 mm
e1 = 38,25 mm =0 e15 = 38,25 mm = 0,1058

0,675 mm 4,5 mm
e2 = 38,25 mm = 0,0176 e16 = 38,25 mm = 0,1176

1,125 mm 4,5 mm
e3 = 38,25 mm = 0,0294 e17 = 38,25 mm = 0,1176

1,35 mm 5,4 mm
e4 = 38,25 mm = 0,0352 e18 = 38,25 mm = 0,1411

1,8 mm 5,85 mm
e5 = 38,25 mm = 0,0470 e19 = 38,25 mm = 0,1529

1,8 mm 6,3 mm
e6 = 38,25 mm = 0,0470 e20 = 38,25 mm = 0,1647

2,025 mm 7,2 mm
e7 = 38,25 mm = 0,0529 e21 = 38,25 mm = 0,1882

2,25 mm 8,1 mm
e8 = 38,25 mm = 0,0588 e22 = 38,25 mm = 0,2117

2,475 mm 9,45 mm
e9 = 38,25 mm = 0,0647 e23 = 38,25 mm = 0,2470

2,7 mm 1 0 ,35 mm
e10 = 38,25 mm = 0,0705 e24 = 38,25 mm = 0,2705

2,925 mm 10,8 mm
e11 = 38,25 mm = 0,0764 e25 = 38,25 mm = 0,2823

2,925 mm 11,25 mm
e12 = 38,25 mm = 0,0764 e26 = 38,25 mm = 0,2941

3,15 mm 12,15 mm
e13 = 38,25 mm = 0,0823 e27 = 38,25 mm = 0,3176

3,375 mm 12,6 mm
e14 = 38,25 mm = 0,0882 e28 = 38,25 mm = 0,3307
c Gambar kurva teknis

Gambar 2.16 Kurva Teknis Uji Tarik

3 Kurva sebenarnya
d Tegangan sebenarnya ()
Sn (kg)
n = A0
 0 kg 81,3 kg
1 = 24,617 mm2 =0 15 = 24,617 mm2 = 34,988

kg kg
mm 2 mm 2
95,7 kg 976, 1 4 kg
2 = 24,617 mm2 = 3,887 16 = 24,617 mm2 = 39,653

kg kg
mm 2 mm 2
153,12 kg 1052,7 kg
3 = 24,617 mm2 = 6,22 17 = 24,617 mm2 = 42,763

kg kg
2 2
mm mm
210,54 kg 1071,84 kg
4 = 24,617 mm2 = 8,552 18 = 24,617 mm2 43,540

kg kg
2 2
mm mm
267,96 kg 1129,26 kg
5 = 24,617 mm2 = 10,885 19 = 24,617 mm2 45,873

kg kg
2 2
mm mm
344,52 kg 1167,54 kg
6 = 24,617 mm2 = 13,995 20 = 24,617 mm2 = 47,428

kg kg
mm 2 mm 2
440,22 kg 1205,82 kg
7 = 24,617 mm2 = 17,882 21 = 24,617 mm2 = 48,983

kg kg
mm 2 mm 2
497,4 kg 1215,39 kg
8 = 24,617 mm2 = 20,215 22 = 24,617 mm2

kg kg
49,371
mm 2 mm 2
574,2 kg 1225 kg
9 = 24,617 mm2 = 23,325 23 = 24,617 mm2 49,762

kg kg
mm 2 mm 2
669,9 kg 1205,82 kg
10 = 24,617 mm2 = 27,212 24 = 24,617 mm2 48,983

kg kg
mm 2 mm 2
727,32 kg Ff
11 = 24,617 mm2 =29,212 F = Af
kg
mm 2
e Regangan sebenarnya ()

= ln (en + 1)
1 = ln ( 0 + 1) = 0 15 = ln ( 0,1058 + 1) = 0,1006

2 = ln ( 0,0176 + 1) = 0,0174 16 = ln ( 0,1176 + 1) = 0,1112

3 = ln ( 0,0294 + 1) = 0,0289 17 = ln ( 0,1176 + 1) = 0,1112

4 = ln ( 0,0352 + 1) = 0,0346 18 = ln ( 0,1411 + 1) = 0,1320

5 = ln ( 0,0470 + 1) = 0,0459 19 = ln ( 0,1529 + 1) = 0,1423

6 = ln ( 0,0470 + 1) = 0,0459 20 = ln ( 0,1647 + 1) = 0,1524

7 = ln ( 0,0529 + 1) = 0,0515 21 = ln ( 0,1882 + 1) = 0,1724

8 = ln ( 0,0588 + 1) = 0,0571 22 = ln ( 0,2117 + 1) = 0,1920

9 = ln ( 0,0647 + 1) = 0,0626 23 = ln ( 0,2470 + 1) = 0,2207

10 = ln ( 0,07054 + 1) = 0,0682 Ao
fracture = ln Af = 0,2705

11= ln ( 0,0764 + 1) = 0,0736 24,617 mm 2

fracture = 9,074 mm2 = 0,99

12 = ln ( 0,0764 + 1) = 0,0736 24,617 mm 2

fracture = 9,074 mm2 = 0,99

13 = ln ( 0,0823 + 1) = 0,0791

14 = ln ( 0,0882 + 1) = 0,0845