Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I. Problem Solving
1. Imagine you are a genetic counselor, and a couple planning to start a family
came to you for information. Charles was married once before, and he and his first
wife had a child who has cystic fibrosis. The brother of his current wife Elaine died of
cystic fibrosis. What is the probability that Charles and Elaine will have a baby with
cystic fibrosis? (Neither Charles nor Elaine has the disease)
2. In mice, black color (B ) is dominant to white (b ). At a different locus, a dominant
allele (A ) produces a band of yellow just below the tip of each hair in mice with
black fur. This gives a frosted appearance known as agouti. Expression of the
recessive allele (a ) results in a solid coat color. If mice that are heterozygous at
both loci are crossed, what will be the expected phenotypic ratio of their offspring?
3. The pedigree below traces the inheritance of a very rare biochemical disorder in
humans. Affected individuals are indicated by filled-in circles and squares. Is the
allele for this disorder dominant or recessive? What genotypes are possible for the
individuals marked 1, 2, and 3.
4. In 1981, a stray black cat with unusual rounded curled-back ears was adopted by
a family in California. Hundreds of descendants of the cat have since been born, and
cat fanciers hope to develop the "curl" cat into a show breed. Suppose you owned
the first curl cat and wanted to develop a true breeding variety.
a. How would you determine whether the curl allele is dominant or recessive?
b. How would you select for true-breeding cats?
c. How would you know they are true-breeding?
14. A blue-eyed man (1) whose parents were brown eyed (2 & 3), marries a brown
eyed woman (4), whose father was brown eyed (5) and whose mother (6) was blue
eyed. They have one female child who is blue eyed (7). Blue eyes are recessive.
a. Make a pedigree chart based on the above information.
b. Label the genotypes of the individuals in the chart.
15. Scale coloration of lizards has a complete dominance relationship where green
scales are dominant over blue scales. There are 1,024 individuals with the genotype
GG, 512 individuals with the genotype Gg, and 64 individuals with the genotype gg.
Find: the frequency of the dominant and recessive alleles and the frequency of
individuals with dominant, heterozygous, and recessive genotype.
II. Multiple Choice
1. A dwarf plant can be induced to reach normal height by the application of:
A. Auxins
B. Cytokinins
C. Gibberellins
D. Ethylene
2. A ripe Avocado will cause other avocados to ripen through the release of:
A. Auxin
B. Ethylene
C. Abscissic Acid
D. Gibberellin
4. Substances that stimulate cell division and cause dormant seeds to sprout are:
A. Gibberellins
B. Cytokinins
C. Abscissic Acid
D. IAA
5. Unlike tropisms, nastic movements are in response to
A) darkness
B) wind
C) non-directional stimuli
D) directional stimuli
6. The pathway leading to flowering for plants that requires vernalization is the
A) seasonal pathway
B) light-dependent pathway
C) temperature-dependent pathway
D) autonomous pathway
7. Roots grow downward as a weak _______________ response.
A) negative phototropic
B) positive phototropic
C) negative gravitropic
D) negative thigmotropic
E) positive thigmotropic
8. Environmental signals influence the distribution of an auxin in a plant by
A) decreasing the cell's sensitivity to the auxin
B) causing auxin to migrate to the lighted portion
C) destroying the auxin
D) causing auxin to migrate into the shaded portion
E) causing the plant to produce more auxin
9. Which of the following plant hormones in incorrectly paired with its function?
A) auxins -- responsible for apical dominance
B) abscissic acid -- regulates the rate of transpiration
C) cytokinins -- delays senescence (aging and decay)
D) ethylene -- promotes ripening
E) gibberellins -- promotes bud and seed dormancy
10. Although abscisic acid in not involved in the formation of the abscission layer, it
does have many roles in the life of plants. Which of the following is not a function of
abscisic acid?
A) In times of water stress, it causes the stomata to close.
B) It promotes tolerance to stress.
C) It induces dormancy of buds.
D) It induces leaf and flower senescence.
E) It induces and maintains the dormancy of seeds.
11-12. For the ff. pair of items, choose an option that best describe the relationship.
13. Plants growing in a partially dark environment will grow toward light in a
response called
phototropism. Choose the incorrect statement regarding phototropism.
A) It is caused by a chemical signal.
B) One chemical involved is auxin.
C) Auxin causes a growth increase on one side of the stem.
D) Auxin causes a decrease in growth on the side of the stem exposed to light.
E) Removing the apical meristem prevents phototropism.
14. Which of the following is not presently considered a major mechanism whereby
hormones
control plant development?
A) affecting cell respiration via regulation of the citric acid cycle
B) affecting cell division via the cell cycle
C) affecting cell elongation through acid growth
D) affecting cell differentiation through altered gene activity
E) mediating short-term physiological responses to environmental stimuli
16. After some time, the tip of a plant that has been forced into a horizontal position
grows
upward. This phenomenon is related to
A) light.
B) whether the plant is in the northern or southern hemisphere.
C) gibberellin production by stems.
D) auxin production in roots.
E) auxin movement toward the lower side of the stem.
17. The ripening of fruit and the dropping of leaves and fruit are principally
controlled by
A) auxins
B) cytokinins
C) indole acetic acid
D) ethylene
E) carbon dioxide concentration (in air)
18. Which one of the following is not a direct function of either auxin or gibberellin?
A) inducing semescence and ripening
B) producing apical dominance
C) producing positive geotropism of shoots
D) stimulating cell elongation
E) breaking dormancy in seeds
20. When growing plants in culture, IAA is used to stimulate cell enlargement. Which
plant
growth regulator has to now be added to stimulate cell division?
A) ethylene
B) indoleacetic acid
C) gibberellin
D) cytokinin
E) abscisic acid
21. Plant growth regulators can be characterized by all of the following except that
they
A) may act by altering gene expression.
B) have a multiplicity of effects.
C) function independently of other hormones.
D) control plant growth and development.
E) affect division, elongation, and differentiation of cells.
22. Why might animal hormones function differently from plant hormones?
A) Animals move rapidly away from negative stimuli, and most plants dont.
B) Plant cells have a cell wall that blocks passage of many hormones.
C) Plants must have more precise timing of their reproductive activities.
D) Plants are much more variable in their morphology and development than
animals.
E) Both A and D are correct.
23. Buds and sprouts often form on tree stumps. Which of the following hormones
would you
expect to stimulate their formation?
A) auxin
B) cytokinins
C) abscisic acid
D) ethylene
E) gibberellins
27. Based on no. 26, this experiment suggests that the unknown amount of
gibberellin in the experimental plant
(B) is approximately
A) zero.
B) 0.01 g/mL.
C) 0.1 g/mL.
D) 1.0 g/mL.
E) equal to the amount of gibberellin in the shortest plant.
28. In attempting to make a seed break dormancy, one logically could treat it with
A) IAA.
B) 2, 4-D.
C) CO2.
D) gibberellins.
E) abscisic acid.
30. We tend to think of plants as immobile when, in fact, they can move in many
ways. All of
the following are movements plants can accomplish except
A) growth movements up or down in response to gravity.
B) folding and unfolding of leaves using muscle-like tissues.
C) growth movements toward or away from light.
D) changes in plant growth form in response to wind or touch.
E) rapid responses using action potentials similar to those found in the nervous
tissue of
animals.