ME 6425-Energy Engineering-1 PDF

A.N.M.
Mominul Islam Mukut

Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur-1700
Bangladesh
Energy Engineering
Course outline:
Attendance: 10
Term paper: (3X6) 18
Written Exam: 72
Total: 100
Grade point will be calculated as per guidelines of PG

Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology A.N.M. Mominul Islam Mukut 2
Solar and Wind Energy Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 2
Gazipur, Bangladesh
Energy Engineering
Syllabus:
Different types of energy resources and their uses

Different types of energy conversion technology- fuel cells,
thermoelectric energy conversion, renewable energy
conversion
Cogeneration
Energy auditing, energy economics and management,
Environmental impacts of energy production and
consumption-air pollution, smog and greenhouse effects.

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Energy Engineering
Learning sources:
Department of Energy: www.energy.gov/
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) www.eia.gov/
BERC: www.berc.org.bd/
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Home Page:
www.nrel.gov/
Clean Energy | US EPA: www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/
http://www.bp.com
energypedia.info
And MORE!
Gazipur, Bangladesh
Term Papers
Role of an energy engineer in Bangladesh to figure out the

solution of energy crisis.
Strategies that should be taken to make the best use of

energy.
Present and future energy scenario of Bangladesh

Gazipur, Bangladesh
What is energy
Energy is the power to change things. It is the
ability to do work.
Energy lights our cities, powers our vehicles,

and runs machinery in factories. It warms and
cools our homes, cooks our food, plays our
music, and gives us pictures on television.
Joule - A unit of energy. One joule equals

0.2388 calories A.N.M. Mominul Islam Mukut
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology 6
Solar and Wind Energy Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Gazipur, Bangladesh
Nature of Energy
Energy is all around you!
You can hear energy as sound.
You can see energy as light.
And you can feel it as wind.

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Nature of energy
You use energy when you:
hit a softball.
lift your book bag.
-...
Living organisms need energy for growth and

movement

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Energy and Work
Because of the direct connection
between energy and work, energy is
measured in the same unit as work:
joules (J).
In addition to using energy to do work,

objects gain energy because work is
being done on them.
Gazipur, Bangladesh
Energy: Introduction
Energy (from the Greek - energeia, "activity,
operation", from - energos, "active, working) is a
scalar physical quantity that is a property of objects and
systems which is conserved by nature. Energy is often defined
as the ability to do work.
It is the key of doing anything for our daily purposes.
There are many different ways in which the abundance of

energy around us can be stored, converted, and amplified for
our use.
10
Energy: Introduction..contd.
Energy is the prime need for modern civilization.

Higher rate of energy uses indicates the high
growing structure of a country.
All the countries use energy but their consuming
figure is not same due to some reasons- lack of
infra structure, handling capacity, economical
situation and so on.
As the world enters the new millennium, humanity
faces a unique and far-reaching challenge to handle
energy resources to meetup their demand.
11
It is unwise for any nation to be reliable on only one

source of energy .
Any shortage in energy availability or change in

energy price would cause havoc with the national
economy.
This happened in the early 1970s when the major oil

producing nations agreed to raise the price of oil by
nearly 300%.
12
Nations attempt to reduce the risk of energy

shortages or price rises by adopting different energy
sources to give themselves more energy security.
The range of energy sources they choose is known
as the energy mix.
The energy mix can be determined by many factors.
These include:
economics - for example, the availability of cheap local
resources or cheap imports from friendly allies
political and social considerations
environmental considerations
13
What is Energy Engineering?
Energy Engineering or Energy Systems Engineering is a broad

field of engineering dealing with energy efficiency, energy
services, facility management, plant engineering,
environmental compliance and alternative energy
technologies.
Energy engineering is one of the more recent engineering
disciplines to emerge.
Energy engineering combines knowledge from the fields of
physics, math, and chemistry with economic and
environmental engineering practices
Energy engineers apply their skills to increase efficiency and
further develop renewable sources of energy.
14
What is Energy Engineering?
The main job of energy engineers is to find the most efficient

and sustainable ways to operate buildings and manufacturing
processes.
Energy engineers audit the use of energy in those processes
and suggest ways to improve the systems.
This means suggesting advanced lighting, better insulation,
more efficient heating and cooling properties of buildings.
Although an energy engineer is concerned about obtaining
and using energy in the most environmentally friendly ways,
their field is not limited to strictly renewable energy like
hydro, solar, biomass, or geothermal.
Energy engineers are also employed by the fields of oil and
natural gas extraction.
15
Energy sources
The energy sources have been split into three
categories:
o Renewable
o Non-renewable
oSustainable
16
Energy sources..contd.
Renewable energy sources include wind power; wave

power; Ocean Thermal Exchange Capacity (OTEC) - based on
temperature differences in ocean layers; solar power;
hydropower; fuel cells and bio-fuels also known as biomass
fuels such as alcohol from sugar; methane from organic
waste; or charcoal from trees.
The key characteristic of renewable energies is that the energy sources

are continually available.
17
Non-renewable types of energy include all the

fossil fuels coal, oil, gas and their derivatives
such as petrol and diesel. The non-renewable
are finite in supply because their rate of
formation is so slow that they are, in reality,
finite sources.
The key characteristic of non-renewable energies is that the
energy sources are limited. One finished, they are no more to
consume as their formation rate are much lower than consumption.
18
Sustainable energy is the sustainable provision of

energy that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their needs.
Sustainable energy is a term sometimes applied to

nuclear power. The supplies are not exactly
renewable but they will last for a very long time
because a great deal of electricity is produced from a
small amount of radioactive material.
19
Comparison of Energy Sources
20
Renewable Energy
Renewable energy is a source of energy that
can never be exhausted.
Renewable energy from the sun (solar energy), from
the water (hydropower), from the wind (windmills),
from hot dry rocks, magma, hot water springs
(geothermal) and even from firewood, animal
manure, crop residues and waste (Biomass).
21
Renewable Energy..contd.
22
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Consumption
Renewable rate!
Energy..contd.
26
27
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Hydro Energy
Man has utilized the power of water for years.
Water is currently the leading renewable energy source
used by electric utilities to generate electric power.
Hydro energy can be obtained by using many methods of
capture. The most common method of using energy from
water is a hydroelectric dam, where water coming down
through an area causes turbines to rotate and the energy
is captured to run a generator.
29
Hydro Energy..contd.
30
Many countries in the world use hydro energy for

conversion to electricity. Canada maintains the
highest use, while the United States comes in
second.
One of the main reasons that hydro energy is used is
that it is a renewable energy, meaning it will not be
useless over time and it will consistently be
replenished. It is also a clean energy source, as it
does not emit any toxins.
31
Hydroelectric plants operate where suitable waterways are

available; many of the best of these sites have already been
developed.
Generating electricity using water has several advantages. The

major advantage is that water is a source of cheap power. In
addition, because there is no fuel combustion, there is little air
pollution in comparison with fossil fuel plants and limited
thermal pollution compared with nuclear plants.
Like other energy sources, the use of water for generation has
limitations, including environmental impacts caused by
damming rivers and streams, which affects the habitats of the
local plant, fish, and animal life.
32
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36
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40
41
42
The Pros
Hydro energy is free. You do not need to buy the water from rivers in order to use it to produce energy.
It is renewable. Whenever you use the water to produce electricity, it would be replenished by rainfall.
This cycle goes on and on, making this source of energy renewable.
The moment that a dam is built, you could expect an abundant production of electricity, especially in
areas where the river has a large water reservoir.
Dams are meant to last for a very long time. By building a dam, you are actually ensuring electricity
production to last for years, up to the next generations.
Hydro energy production does not release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. It is a clean form of
energy that everybody could enjoy.
One advantage with a dam is that if electricity is not needed, you could just halt the production of
electricity and save the water in the reservoir.
The Cons
Cost. As with other types of renewable energy, the initial cost of the construction of the power plant is
expensive, and dams are no exception.
Must be built with the highest standards. Dams should be built with precision, accuracy and with the
right materials.
During drought or dry seasons, the water levels in the reservoir may decrease, which would affect
electricity production.
43
Wave Power
44
Wave Power..contd.
As the demand for energy increases and resources of

conventional fuels diminish, harnessing the immense
wave power in the world's oceans can be part of the
solution to our energy problems.
The wind and waves are renewable sources of energy

and do not cause pollution. The energy from waves
alone could supply all of mankind's electricity needs
many times over
45
Wave Power..contd.
Wave power does not have to be used just to provide directly
consumable electricity. Research is being carried out to
examine the feasibility of using electricity generated by wave
power to produce hydrogen for fuel or fuel cells.
Various different technologies have been designed to harness

wave power. A commercial wave power plant uses a shoreline
chamber, in which seawater enters and leaves naturally. As it
enters, the air in the chamber is compressed and forced
through a hole into a turbine, making it move. As the water
recedes, the air is sucked back, keeping the turbine moving.
The turbine then drives a generator which in turn converts the
energy into electricity.
46
Wave Power..contd.
Wave power is widely considered an environmentally

clean option.
Most objections are more concerned with local

issues - such as noise, the visual effect on the
landscape, or the impact of roads leading to the
sites. These factors are seen by some to reverse the
advantage of such an environmentally friendly fuel
alternative.
47
Solar Energy
Solar energy is, simply put, energy that is collected
from sunlight.
Solar energy can be used for many things, including
generating electricity, heating buildings, and even
heating food.
While solar energy falls behind on the list of the most
demanded energy source, the fact is, that solar
energy can be for many things and there are many
benefits to using it.
48
Solar energy..contd.
The benefits of using solar energy are many and

include savings on other types of fuels, and cost of
electricity to the local power company.
The downfall to solar energy, however, is that on
dark or cloudy days, you will have low voltages and
the cost of solar panels and accessories to create
your solar energy system can be high.
However, solar energy is a definite alternative to
having other types of generators in areas where
there is no electricity available.
49
Solar energy..contd.
There are two ways in which solar power can

be converted to energy. The first, known as
"solar thermal applications," involve using the
energy of the sun to directly heat air or a
liquid. The second, known as "photoelectric
applications," involve the use of photovoltaic
cells to convert solar energy directly to
electricity
50
Solar energy systems: types
Linear (Parabolic Trough and Linear Fresnel Reflector Concentrating)
Systems
Parabolic Trough
Linear CSP systems consist of a large number of solar collectors in
parallel rows that are typically aligned in a north-south orientation to
maximize both annual and summertime energy collection.
With a single-axis sun-tracking system, this configuration enables the
mirrors to track the sun from east to west during the day.
The parabolic trough system is the predominant linear system and is
the most developed and commercially tested CSP technology.
It uses long, U-shaped (parabolic) reflectors (focusing mirrors) to http://teeic.anl.gov/
concentrate sunlight 30 to 100 times its normal intensity on a pipe
that runs down the focal line of each trough to heat a heat transfer
fluid (HTF) such as oil that flows through the pipe to as much as 750
Fahrenheit (F). The HTF is then used to boil water in a heat exchanger
(glossary term) , which makes steam to operate a conventional steam
turbine (glossary term) and generator to produce electricity.
Trough systems can be installed jointly with natural gas (glossary term)
-fired generators (i.e., in hybrid systems that rely on natural gas to
produce steam when the sun is not shining) or can be coupled with
thermal energy storage (TES) systems in order to increase their
capacity to generate electricity.
Gazipur, Bangladesh
Solar energy systems: types..contd.
Linear Fresnel reflector concentrating

systems use flat or slightly curved mirrors
and Fresnel lenses (that act as line
concentrators) mounted on trackers on the
ground that are configured to reflect
sunlight onto a receiver tube fixed in space
above the mirrors. A small parabolic mirror
is occasionally added atop the receiver to
further focus the sunlight. While not as
optically efficient as parabolic troughs,
linear Fresnel reflector systems cost less and
require less land; because shading is not of
the same concern as it is for parabolic
troughs, the mirror rows can be more
closely spaced. A water-cooled linear
Fresnel reflector plant can generate steam
directly in the heat collection tubes rather
than requiring heat exchangers.
http://teeic.anl.gov/

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Power Tower
Power tower systems use hundreds to thousands of large, sun-tracking
flat heliostats (mirrors) to concentrate sunlight (a concentration ratio up
to 1,500) onto a receiver on top of a tall tower. The tower height, which
could be over 450 feet, would be proportional to the energy production
of the plant. The heliostats are arranged around the power tower. The
concentrated sunlight heats the HTF (pressurized water or, more likely,
molten salt) that flows through the receiver. The HTF is used to generate
electricity through a conventional steam generator. A power tower http://teeic.anl.gov/
system needs relatively flat terrain, with a slope of one to two percent.
Power tower systems would use molten salt primarily because of its
superior heat-transfer and energy-storage capabilities. Molten salt is
typically a mixture of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate (a
mixture of 48% calcium nitrate, 7% sodium nitrate, and 45% potassium
nitrate is also being investigated). The molten salt can be stored at
temperatures of 1,050F in a storage tank for use on cloudy days or after
the sun has set. Also, a power tower using molten salt rather than
another type of HTF can operate at a much higher temperature range
which can improve the efficiency of the steam turbine generator (e.g.,
from 37.6% to 40%).

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Dish Engine
The dish engine is unique among CSP systems in using mechanical energy
rather than steam to produce electricity. Dish engine systems use a
mirrored dish (that looks like, but is about 10 times larger than, a
backyard satellite dish) that collects and concentrates sunlight (a
concentration ratio of over 2,000) onto a receiver.
The receiver is mounted at the focal point of the dish. The receiver is
integrated into a high-efficiency "external" combustion (glossary term)
engine (the Stirling engine is the most common type of heat engine http://teeic.anl.gov/
used). The engine has thin tubes containing hydrogen or helium gas that
run along the outside of the engine's four piston cylinders and open into
the cylinders. As concentrated sunlight falls on the receiver, it heats the
gas in the tubes to very high temperatures, which causes hot gas to
expand inside the cylinders. The expanding gas drives the pistons, which
in turn operates a crankshaft that drives an electric generator and
produces electricity.
The receiver, engine, and generator comprise a single, integrated
assembly mounted at the focus of the mirrored dish. Individual dish
engines have power generating capacities of 25 to 50 kilowatts (kW).

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Photovoltaic Systems
PV systems use solar cells that are made of layers of semiconducting materials. When sunlight is
absorbed by these materials, the solar energy knocks electrons loose from their atoms, allowing the
electrons to flow through the material to produce electricity.
The three main types of materials used for solar cells are:
1. Silicon, which is used in various forms such as single-crystalline, multi-crystalline, and
amorphous;
2. Polycrystalline thin films, using copper indium, di-selenide cadmium telluride, and thin-film
silicon; and
3. Single-crystalline thin film using gallium arsenide.
An individual solar cell may only be capable of generating a few

watts of electricity. They are normally combined into modules
of about 40 cells; the modules are in turn assembled into PV
arrays of up to several meters on a side. For utility-scale
applications, hundreds of arrays are interconnected to form a
single, large system.
http://teeic.anl.gov/
Gazipur, Bangladesh
Solar energy systems: components
The first component needed is one or more Solar Panels.

Solar panels convert sunlight to electricity. They supply
the electricity and charge the batteries.
A Charge Controller is needed to prevent overcharging

of the batteries. Proper charging will prevent damage
and increase the life and performance of the batteries.
The storage Batteries store the electrical power in the

form of a chemical reaction. Without storage you would
only have power when the sun was shining or the
generator was running.
The Power Inverter is the heart of the system. It makes

120 volts AC from the 12 volts DC stored in the batteries.
It can also charge the batteries if connected to a
generator or the AC line.
http://www.freesunpower.com/
Gazipur, Bangladesh
Solar Application
Agriculture and horticulture
Applications include pumping water, drying crops, brooding
chicks, and drying chicken manure. Greenhouses control the
use of solar heat and light to grow specialty crops
57
Solar-thermal heating system
A solar thermal heating system can be a

reliable source of free hot water for the
decades to come.
They need nearly no maintenance and have a
lifespan of decades.
A solar-thermal heating system collects
energy from the sun, and transfers its heat
to a water reservoir with the use of a heat-
transfer liquid. A solar-thermal system
consists of the following parts:
The solar collectors that transfers heat to the
heat-transfer liquid.
The thermal cylinder which acts as a heat
reservoir that keeps the water hot during the
night or during cloudy days..
The boiler, that can burn oil, gas, pellets or
wood in order to supplement the needed
heat when the solar thermal system is not
supplying all the heat needed.

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Solar-thermal heating system
The benefits of solar water heating

Hot water throughout the year: the system
works all year round, though you'll need to
heat the water further with a boiler or
immersion heater during the winter
months.
Cut your bills: sunlight is free, so once
you've paid for the initial installation your
hot water costs will be reduced.
Cut your carbon footprint: solar hot water
is a green, renewable heating system and
can reduce your carbon dioxide emissions.
There are two types of solar water heating

panels:
evacuated tubes (as in the picture above)
flat plate collectors, which can be fixed on
the roof tiles or integrated into the roof.
Gazipur, Bangladesh
Solar-Thermal Power System
FIGURE: Concentration of sunlight using

(a) parabolic trough collector (b) linear
Fresnel collector (c) central receiver
system with dish collector and (d) central
receiver system with distributed reflectors

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Schematic of a concentrated solar

thermal trough power plant with
thermal storage
A proven form of storage system operates with two tanks. The storage medium for
high-temperature heat storage is molten salt. The excess heat of the solar collector
field heats up the molten salt, which is pumped from the cold to the hot tank. If the
solar collector field cannot produce enough heat to drive the turbine, the molten
salt is pumped back from the hot to the cold tank, and heats up the heat transfer
fluid. Figure shows the principle of the parabolic trough power plant with thermal
storage.
Gazipur, Bangladesh
Schematic of two types of solar

thermal tower power plant,
showing (a) an open volumetric
receiver with steam turbine cycle
Open Volumetric Air Receiver Concept

The first type of solar tower is the open volumetric receiver concept (see Figure 4a). A blower transports ambient air through the
receiver, which is heated up by the reflected sunlight. The receiver consists of wire mesh or ceramic or metallic materials in a honeycomb
structure, and air is drawn through this and heated up to temperatures between 650C and 850C. On the front side, cold, incoming air
cools down the receiver surface. Therefore, the volumetric structure produces the highest temperatures inside the receiver material,
reducing the heat radiation losses on the receiver surface. Next, the air reaches the heat boiler, where steam is produced. A duct burner
and thermal storage can also guarantee capacity with this type of solar thermal power plant.

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Solar Air Drying
Solar air drying increases the

competitiveness of Indias agricultural
sector: For five years now, farmer
Girishbhai Patel has been using a solar
air dryer to accelerate the drying of
tomatoes. The investment paid off in
just four years.
The solar air heating system consists of a 60 m2 field of glazed air collectors with a total air flow rate of 3,000 m/h. It can dry 125 kg of
fresh tomatoes a day, from an initial moisture content of 95% to a final 10%. Before the drying chamber, the tomatoes are cut into 6
pieces by hand.
The temperature gain due to the solar energy amounts to between 25C and 30C. Since the air temperature required for drying
tomatoes is at about 80C, a solar air system as the only heating source would not have been enough. Instead, the company also
integrated an automatic ignition system filled with liquefied petroleum gas LPG) into the drying chamber, which covers around 10% of
the annual energy demand for the drying process.
Adjusting the air flow rate with the help of motorized dampers and timers in the top and bottom of the drying chamber further
guaranteed a constant drying process. A timer-based control device was installed to operate the system in specified intervals.
On average, the system produces 8 kg of dried tomato per day, although its output can differ a lot between dry and rain seasons.
According to Girishbhai Patel, the high quality of the dried tomatoes earned the company enough to recover the investment costs into
the system in only four years. The difference between his company's tomatoes and the ones dried under the open sun stems from the
hygienic conditions and the colour of Patel's vegetables. His system is one of the most successful case studies of solar thermal air drying
for agricultural products in the country and could be an eye opener to other farmers.

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Solar Pool Heating
The diagram beside illustrates solar

panels added to a standard system
with a heater.
solar pool heating differs significantly from solar hot water heating for the home. Pools systems are set up to warm all
the water in the pool a little. Home hot water systems need to heat a much smaller volume of water a lot. And ideally,
they do it year round.
This means solar pool heating systems operate at a lower temperature, generally around 80 degrees or so.
Also, most people use their pools in warmer months and dont expect to keep them heated all winter. This simplifies
the system considerably, making it less expensive. Since the pool heater is operating when the air temperature is above
freezing, protection of system from freezing isnt an issue.
This means that rather than having a heat exchanger as I described on the solar hot water page, it make sense to
circulate the swimming pool water itself through the solar panel,. The sun warms the water and it returns to the pool.
Pools require a pump anyway, so the only added expense is for the solar panels. Again, because of the operating
situation, these can be pretty basic.

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Solar Distillation
A solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat

of the Sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient
air to cool a condenser film.
Two basic types of solar stills are box and pit stills.
In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the
collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through
clear plastic. The pure water vapor condenses on the cool
inside plastic surface and drips down from the weighted low
point, where it is collected and removed.
The box type is more sophisticated. The basic principles of
solar water distillation are simple, yet effective, as distillation
replicates the way nature makes rain. The sun's energy heats
water to the point of evaporation. As the water evaporates,
water vapor rises, condensing on the glass surface for
collection.
This process removes impurities, such as salts and heavy
metals, and eliminates microbiological organisms. The end
result is water cleaner than the purest rainwater.
Gazipur, Bangladesh
Solar Wax Melter
It consist of a flat plate collector

connected to a water storage tank
built around a wax chamber as shown
in fig. Hot water from the flat plate
collector circulates in the storage tank
that transfer heat to the solid wax.
When temperature reaches the
melting point, phase change occurs
and the liquid wax is collected.

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Solar Pumping System
Water pump can be driven directly by solar

heated water or fluid which operates either a
heat engine or a turbine.
Solar flat-plate collector arrays are installed to

heat water or an organic fluid. Hot fluid then
flows to a mixing tank/storage tank and then to a
heat exchanger to convert the working fluid of
the heat engine from liquid to vapor. It may be
noted that R-115 is an acceptable working fluid
as it gives high cycle efficiency besides it low
cost.
Hot transport fluid/water is fed into the

collector circuit by a circulation pump. With heat
engine cycle, discharged vapor from the turbine
flows through condenser where the vapor get
condensed. Working liquid is fed into HX by a
feed pump to complete the cycle. Pumped water
is used as a coolant in the turbine condense.
Gazipur, Bangladesh
Solar Air Heater
A type of solar thermal system where air is heated

in a collector and either transferred directly to the
interior space or to a storage medium, such as a rock
bin.
Solar air heaters use solar panels to warm air
which is then conveyed into a room. The basic
components of a solar air heater include solar
collector panels, a duct system and diffusers.
Systems can operate with or without a fan.
Without a fan the air is distributed by the action of a
natural ventilation system.
Solar air heaters provide free interior heating to
complement conventional climate control systems. It
is important to note that the output from solar
heaters is reduced when clouds reduce the amount
of sunlight. A typical solar air heater collector panel
would assist in the heating of a small room. Solar air
heating is potentially suitable for any building that
requires heating, providing the collector panel can
be placed on an appropriate unshadded south-facing
(in the northern hemisphere) roof or wall.

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Solar Kilns

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Solar Cooker
A solar cooker, or solar oven, is a device which uses

the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or
pasteurize food or drink. The vast majority of solar
cookers presently in use are relatively cheap, low-
tech devices. Because they use no fuel and cost
nothing to operate, many nonprofit organizations are
promoting their use worldwide in order to help
reduce fuel costs (for low-income people) and air
pollution, and to slow down the deforestation and
desertification caused by gathering firewood for
cooking. Solar cooking is a form of outdoor cooking
and is often used in situations where minimal fuel
consumption is important, or the danger of
accidental fires is high.

Gazipur, Bangladesh
Merit and demerits
Advantages
Inexhaustible fuel source
No pollution
Often an excellent supplement to other renewable sources
Also used for powering items as diverse as solar cars and satellites
Disadvantages
Very diffuse source means low energy production--large numbers of solar
panels (and thus large land areas) are required to produce useful amounts
of heat or electricity
Only areas of the world with lots of sunlight are suitable for solar power
generation
71

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A.N.M.

Mominul Islam Mukut

Grade point will be calculated as per guidelines of PG

Different types of energy resources and their uses

Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology A.N.M. Mominul Islam Mukut 3

Role of an energy engineer in Bangladesh to figure out the

Strategies that should be taken to make the best use of

Present and future energy scenario of Bangladesh

Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology A.N.M. Mominul Islam Mukut 5

Energy lights our cities, powers our vehicles,

Joule - A unit of energy. One joule equals

Energy is all around you!

You can hear energy as sound.

You can see energy as light.

And you can feel it as wind.

Living organisms need energy for growth and

Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology A.N.M. Mominul Islam Mukut 8

In addition to using energy to do work,

It is the key of doing anything for our daily purposes.

There are many different ways in which the abundance of

Energy is the prime need for modern civilization.

It is unwise for any nation to be reliable on only one

Any shortage in energy availability or change in

This happened in the early 1970s when the major oil

Nations attempt to reduce the risk of energy

Energy Engineering or Energy Systems Engineering is a broad

The main job of energy engineers is to find the most efficient

Renewable energy sources include wind power; wave

The key characteristic of renewable energies is that the energy sources

Non-renewable types of energy include all the

Sustainable energy is the sustainable provision of

Sustainable energy is a term sometimes applied to

Many countries in the world use hydro energy for

Hydroelectric plants operate where suitable waterways are

Generating electricity using water has several advantages. The

As the demand for energy increases and resources of

The wind and waves are renewable sources of energy

Various different technologies have been designed to harness

Wave power is widely considered an environmentally

Most objections are more concerned with local

The benefits of using solar energy are many and

There are two ways in which solar power can

Linear Fresnel reflector concentrating

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An individual solar cell may only be capable of generating a few

The first component needed is one or more Solar Panels.

A Charge Controller is needed to prevent overcharging

The storage Batteries store the electrical power in the

The Power Inverter is the heart of the system. It makes

A solar thermal heating system can be a

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The benefits of solar water heating

There are two types of solar water heating

FIGURE: Concentration of sunlight using

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Schematic of a concentrated solar

Schematic of two types of solar

Open Volumetric Air Receiver Concept

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Solar air drying increases the

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