ENGLISH TASK

IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

ACTIVITIES OF EDUCATION

Name : Adi Tia Lesmana

Nim : 10513328

Class : Si_08

UNIVERSITAS KOMPUTER INDONESIA

2013
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background

Along with a globalized technological advances have affected all aspects of life in
both the fields of economics, politics, culture, art and even in the world of
education. Advances in technology is something we can not avoid in this life, because
advances in technology will be run according to kemajuanm science. Each innovation was
created to provide positive benefits to human life. Provide a lot of convenience, as well as a
new way to human activity. Specialized in the field of information technology has enjoyed
many benefits brought by the innovations that have been produced in the last
decade. However, although it was originally created to produce positive benefits, on the
other hand is also used to allow negative things.

The presence of ICT in education can be interpreted in three paradigms, namely (1)
ICT as a tool or a technology product that can be used in education, (2) ICT as part of the
content or materials that could be used as content in education, and (3) ICT as an
application program or a tool for the effective management and efficient education. The third
paradigm synergized within a framework of ICT resources that are specifically positioned
and directed to achieve the vision and mission of education in Indonesia. In the era of
globalization of education, conscious or not, the future educational challenge will be more
severe. Therefore, optimization of ICT becomes an alternative solution in supporting and
moving the world of education in the arena of global competition. In the world of education in
Indonesia, there are some problematic reasons underlying the importance of the use of ICT,
especially in (1) improving the quality of education at all levels, (2) address the disparity of
educational services due to geographical conditions which if ignored would lead to
disparities in quality of care, and ( 3) socio-cultural changes in society that move
dynamically, and (4) fostering a sense of nationalism to maintain the unity and integrity of the
nation.

B. Problem Formulation
Of the problems that the author adopted, the problem can be formulated as follows
1. How to influence the development of information and communication technology
for educational activities?
2. How to cope with the development of information and communication technology for
educational activities?
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. According to the Technology Development Experts

Nana Syaodih S. (1997: 67) states that in fact since the first human technology
already exists or is already using the technology. If humans in ancient times solved hazelnut
with stones or picking fruit with the pole, actually they are already using the technology, the
technology is simple.
Related to technology, Anglin defines technology as the application of the behavioral
sciences and the natural as well as other knowledge in applying and menyistem to solve the
problem. Another expert, Kast & Rosenweig expressed Technology is the art of utilizing
scientific knowledge. While Iskandar Alisjahbana (1980:1) formulate more clear and
complete definition of technology is a way to do something to meet the needs of people with
the help of tools and resourceful so that seemed to extend, reinforce, or create more
powerful members of the body, the five senses, and the human brain . According to Iskandar
Alisjahbana (1980) Technology has been known to man since millions of years ago because
of the encouragement to live a more comfortable, more prosperous and more
prosperous. So since the beginning of civilization actually existed technology, although the
term "technology has not been used. The term "technology" is derived from "techne" or way
and "logos" or knowledge. So the technology literally means knowledge about
how. Understanding the technology itself says is a way to do something to meet the needs of
people with the aid of reason and tools, so that seemed to extend, strengthen or make more
powerful members of the body, the senses and the human brain.

Meanwhile, according to Jaques Ellul (1967: 1967 xxv) gives the meaning of technology as
"a rational method that overall lead and has a characteristic efficiency in every field of
human activity

B. Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

In the era of globalization, the role of ICT is becoming increasingly important is used
to express the data and facts into an information that can be utilized. ICT contribution can
not be separated from the responsibility for data and educational facts can be collected,
managed, stored, researched, proven and deployed so that people get important information
correctly effectively and efficiently. ICT is essentially a tool to gain added value in providing
an information fast, complete, accurate, transparent and timely. One of the benefits that can
be felt in the contribution of ICT is the technology of the internet. Internet as a medium of
information has provided opportunities for everyone.
 The introduction of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), is expected to
make rapid changes in life experience and the addition of a variety of changes in the use of
ICT products. Through the Information and Communication Technology, we can find,
explore, analyze, and exchange information efficiently and effectively. ICT will help us, get
ideas quickly and exchange experiences from various circles. Thus, it is expected to develop
an attitude of initiative and self-learning abilities, so that we can decide and consider for
themselves when and where the use of ICT appropriately and implemented, including the
implications for the present and future.

Information and Communication Technology includes two aspects, namely the Information
Technology and Communication Technology. Information Technology, covering all things
related to the process, use as a tool, manipulation, and management of information. While
Communication Technology is everything related to the use of tools to process and transfer
data from one device to another. Hence, Information Technology and Communication
Technology is an integral equivalent containing the broader sense of any activity related to
the processing, manipulation, management, and transfer / transfer of information among
media.

In particular, the purpose of studying Information and Communication Technology are:

1. Makes us aware of the potential for the development of information and

communication technology are constantly changing so motivated to evaluate and
learn this technology as a foundation for lifelong learning.
2. Motivating our ability to be able to adapt to and anticipate the development of ICT, so
that it can carry out and live life day to day activities independently and more
confident.
3. Develop our competence in using ICT to support learning activities, work, and a
variety of activities in their daily lives.
4. Develop ICT-based learning, so the learning process can be optimized, attractive,
and we encourage more skilled in communicating, skilled organize information, and
used to work together.
5. Develop self-learning ability, initiative, innovative, creative, and responsible in the use
of Information and Communication Technology for learning, work, and everyday
problem solving.

C. Implementation of ICT (ICT) in education

Inevitably, in which the computer is no longer a luxury, this tool has been used in
various fields of work, including in education.

Currently the number of teachers employed was 2,692,217, the number of qualified
certification trsebut 727 381 people, or about 27%, so it takes approximately 1,964,836 or
73% of teachers who have educational qualifications and professionalism itingkatkan. And
that is also a problem is the low level of use of ICT in schools (Digital Divide) ICT can
support the optimization of school, because of the potential of ICT is quite large, such as (1).
Expanding learning opportunities, (2) Improve the efficiency, (3) Improving the quality of
learning, (4) Improve the quality of teaching, (5) Facilitate the establishment of skills, (6)
Encouraging sustainable lifelong learning, (7) Improve policy planning and management, (8)
Reducing the digital divide. So great was the role of ICT in education so that the government
specifically Pustekkom Department of Education divides the role of ICT in modern school to
7 roles as well as a pillar of education. 7th The role of ICT is

1. ICT as a storehouse of knowledge. This means that the ICT resources science
became so rich even abundant, good science core (core content) in schools and as
add-learning materials (content supplement). At this function the Internet have a
major role as a source of knowledge that can be widely accessed therein has
connected with thousands of digital libraries, millions of articles / journals, millions of
e-books, and other lan-.
2. ICT as a learning tool. Means that learning is now much easier with the help of ICT,
to deliver world-class and can be presented to all students through ICT equipment
such as multimedia instructional media and computer processed results are like
posters, charts, photographs, graphics, display, and other graphic media. Utilization
of Interactive CD, Video Learning, Multimedia presentations, e-learning, including in
this section.
3. ICT as an educational facility. In this regard ICT as a suggestion that complements
the function of the school as an educational institution, particularly nuanced
fasilitasfasilitas electronics such as computer laboratory, language laboratory
equipment, multimedia roared, a sound recording studio, music studio, video
production and editing studio.
4. ICT as a standard of competence. Means of ICT as a subject that we know of ICT
Subjects. This course provides competency standards.

In addition to the role of ICTs above, there are other opinions about the role of ICT in
education, namely:

1. ICT as a Skill (skill) and Competence:

Each stakeholder should have the competence and skills to use ICT for education.
 Information is "b ahan raw" of knowledge that must be processed through the
educational process.
Sharing knowledge among the learners with the other is absolute and never-ending.
Learn about how effective and efficient learning for educators, students, and
stakeholders.
Learning is a lifelong process that applies to any individual or human being.

2. ICT as an Education Infrastructure

Currently, many teaching materials stored in digital format with a variety of models
such as multimedia.
Educators, instructors and learners are actively moving from one place to another.
The education process should be done at anytime and anywhere.
Differences in geography education should not be disallowed.
"The network is the school" will be a new phenomenon in the world of education.

3. ICT as a Learning Resource Materials

Science develops so quickly.

Great educators are scattered in various parts of the world.
Books, teaching materials, and continuously updated reference.
Innovation requires collaboration of thought.
Without technology, process participants upbringing "u p-to-date" takes a long time.

4. ICTs as Tools and Education Facilities

Delivery of knowledge should consider the context of the real world.

Illustrate the various phenomena of science to accelerate the absorption of teaching
materials.
Learners are expected to undertake the exploration of knowledge more freely and
independently.
Acquisition of knowledge comes from the interaction among participants learners and
educators.
The ratio between educators and learners are not restricted depending on the process
and the provision of facilities.

5. Supporting ICT as an Education Management

Every individual requires ongoing educational support every day.

Interactive transactions and inter-stakeholder interaction management requires a
strong back-office.
Quality of service in education administration should be gradually increased.
People are the most valuable resource at the same time limited in the institution.
The emergence of the existence of inter-system and inter-organizational education.

6. ICT as a Decision Support System

Every individual has the characteristics and talents of each in education.

 Educators should enhance competencies and skills in various fields of science.
Limited resources, effective management should be done.
Institutions should grow over time in terms of range and quality.
The government should have knowledge of the profile of educational institutions.

The Ministry of Education has a current program of ICT development on a large

scale. There are three important positions in the Ministry of National ICT development
program, namely:

1. Vocational fields, ICTs become one of the majors in SMK. ICT development is technically
both the hardware and software included in the educational curriculum. Establishment of ICT
centers throughout Indonesia. To connect schools around ICT center built WAN (Wireless
Area Network) Cities.

2. Pustekkom, as one of the spearheads in the development of interactive educational TV, E

learning and E High School. The program aims to narrow the gap between big city quality
education to the region.

3. Jardiknas (National Education Network), aims to integrate the two programs above in
order to form a network connecting all schools in Indonesia. It is estimated that in the future
all schools in Indonesia will be connected to the Internet. Looking at the program organized
by the Ministry of Education we can use these facilities because they are open.

Development of ICT to support the quality improvement of education in Indonesia is

something that is absolute. In the Ministry of National Education Strategic Plan for 2005-
2009, the development of ICT in education program will be implemented through the
following stages.

1. The first phase includes (a) to design a network system that includes Internet network,
which connects schools with data centers and applications, as well as the network and the
internet as a means of communication media and information at school, (b) to design and
create a database application, (c) design and create management applications for
management education in central, regional, and school, and (d) designing and creating web-
based learning applications, multimedia, and interactive.

2. The second phase includes (a) implement the system in schools in Indonesia, which
includes the provision of facilities / infrastructure and ICT implementation and training of
teachers, and (b) designing and making learning applications.

3. The third and fourth stage is the stage of expanding the system implementation in
schools.

The above description is more focused on the expected stages in the Ministry of
Education conducted in 2005-2009 timeframe for the development of ICT in education. In
realizing this plan, the Ministry of Education to buildICT Center District / City through
Jardiknas Program consisting of a computer network, internet, and TV Education. ICT
Center will connect with schools and education offices. In addition, teachers should also be
equipped with sufficient knowledge and skills to use ICT tools. To that end, the school
management and the need to determine the readiness of the required ICT training of
teachers.

D. Impact of ICT on education activities

Did we bring great benefits in addition to Information and Communication Technology

(ICT) also has a greater negative effect on the development of the nation's generation of
children. Currently the most affecting children Indonesian students currently include:

1. Computer
2. Mobile
3. MP4 player
4. Game Console
5. Media spectacle such as Television and Film

But this time we will discuss one of them is a bad influence Computer Technology. Positive
and negative effects that could arise from this device certainly a lot more depending on its
use. If children are allowed to use the computer carelessly, it could be a negative
influence. Instead, the computer will have a positive influence when used wisely, which helps
the development of intellectual and motor development of children.

Bad influence on the Internet

Able to access the internet is really a good start for the development of the child
insight. Unfortunately, many children are also threatened by the bad information that flooded
the internet. Through various materials charged internetlah sex, violence, and others sold
openly and without hindrance. A study showed that one in 12 children in Canada often
receive the message that contains the sex charge, an offer of sex, while the middle of surfing
the internet.

Playing Too Many Bad Effects Computer

Addicted to playing computer triggers the child to be considered lazy writing, drawing
or any social activities. Playing computer addiction can occur mainly because since the
beginning of the parents do not make the rules of playing computer games. Supposedly,
according to Rizal, parents need to make a deal with a matter of time children play
computer. For example, children may play on the computer after school after finishing their
homework for an hour only. Time can be given a more lenient on holidays.

The timing needs to be done so that children do not think that playing computer games is the
only activities that appeal to children. This setting needs to be looked at closely by parents,
at least until the child is 12 years old. At greater age, the child is expected to be better able
to manage your time well.

* Considering the pros and cons to introduce computers to children, in the end it is very
dependent on the readiness of parents to introduce and supervise children when playing the
computer.

* In addition, the school should contribute in providing the best guidance for students /
student can use Information and Communication Technology in a positive direction.

* Government as the controller of all information systems providers should be more active in
controlling the use of Information and Communication Technology for Children Generation
Nation.

Consciously or unconsciously Information and Communication Technology has brought great

changes to the Successor Generation Nation, we can only stay or not to bring that change in
a positive direction or a negative.

E. Problems and Solutions in the world of Internet Education

Educational obstacles can be overcome with the internet that can be accessed by
learners in higher education. Various kinds of information such as online libraries, online
journals, magazines, and even textbooks that can be downloaded free from various websites
that exist in the world of internet. Students can search for anything related to the lecture
material presented in class lecturers, to compare, to enrich their knowledge, and are looking
for something that requires clarity and depth of understanding.

Problems always arise in the world of education is the lack of information and references
due to the limited number of learning tools. Availability of books - books in the library,
especially in private educational institutions is quite alarming and very far from expectations
if the goal is to give birth to qualified graduates of the university.

However, in practice, socialization internet for education is not as easy as imagined and
expected a lot of parties, according Rahardjo (2001), the limited use of information
technology is influenced by several factors, including a lack of mastery of English, lack of
resources in the Indonesian language, the high cost of access internet, and unpreparedness
educators.

The first factor, is a major problem in the use of all public works of Western
technology. Technology products that get into the hands of the world community in general
use in English communication, making it hard for users such as Journal of Indonesian
students generally have low ability in a foreign language, while much information and
knowledge engineered in the international language.
 The second factor, lack of information and knowledge in Indonesian, became one of
the low use of the Internet in the country. Awareness in Indonesia to share their knowledge
is still very low compared to overseas.Information is still considered a private matter and
expensive that can not be accessed by all people, to make knowledge only for personal self
and developing specific community.

The third factor is the high cost of constraints to use the internet at home. To access
the private internet using government-owned telephone network one has to spend nearly ten
thousand dollars per hour and limit the use of the internet. This solution can be solved by
using the internet at internet cafes with a cheaper cost between two thousand to three
thousand dollars per hour. But still too expensive for a student if they have to use in high
frequency (always access).

The last factor, the problem of educators themselves are still not ready to use internet
technologies in the process of teaching faculty due to lack of ability in this field. A professor
would never suggest to enrich students with internet facility due kekurangmampuannya
own. Impact occurring late students will not be motivated to develop themselves if lecturers
do not ever suggest the use of the non-formal sources of knowledge.

The most important problem of the above constraint lies in the third and fourth factors
namely the high cost and limited access to lecturers. If the language barrier is not a problem,
sooner or later students will continue to learn on its own with the high frequency of use of the
Internet, so that they will better understand the mastery of foreign terms from the
internet. The main motivator sources of professor is the most important factor in promoting
learning support activities. For example, to complete a study of information about problems
in the classroom, students are encouraged to go to the homepage belonging faculty, or
access other websites suggested lecturers.

In terms of the high cost of these obstacles can be overcome with the important role of
education institutions / universities to develop a learning system with the internet to build a
network of internet in education institutions, providing rental facilities at a cost that is cheaper
than internet cafes owned business entrepreneurs.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Objectives
 1. To determine the development of information and communication technology for
educational activities
2. Knowing how to cope with the development of information and communication
technology on educational activities.

B. Time and Place of Research

Simple study was conducted in January 2011 in the SMP Negeri 11 Jakarta
education.

C. Research Methods

This study is a form of literary study to dig up information about science and
technology in relation to developing information and communication technologies to the
educational activity.

CHAPTER IV

CLOSING

CONCLUSION

Science and technology continue to grow, even today takes place at a rapid
pace. That development is not just a matter of years, months, or days, but in hours, even
minutes or seconds, especially related to information and communication technology that is
supported by electronic technology. Its influence extends to many areas of life, including
education. Influence the development of science and technology is very rapid positive impact
and negative effects. Developments in science and technology have a positive impact by
more open and spread of information and knowledge and to the whole world through the
boundaries of space and time. The negative impact of changes in values, norms, rules, or
moral life as opposed to values, norms, rules, and moral life of the community
embraced. Responding to this situation, the role of education is very important to develop
and improve the positive impact of negative impacts. Education is not antipathy or allergy
with the development of science and technology, but instead became a pioneer in the
development or the subject.