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2 (a) photosynthesis process by which plants make glucose from raw materials using
energy from light [1]
(b) stomata small holes (pores) in epidermis, allows gases to diffuses into and out of
the leaf, opened and closed by guard cells [1]
(c) fertiliser artificial or natural substance added to soils by farmers to replace nutrients
(e.g. nitrate / potassium / phosphate) absorbed by plants [1]
3
light
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
chlorophyll
1 mark for raw materials,1 mark for products, 1 mark for light and chlorophyll [3]
5 plants require nutrients to make compounds for growth; nitrogen (as nitrate) is
required to make amino acids, that are used to make proteins; magnesium is used to
make chlorophyll to absorb light for photosynthesis [2]
6 carbon dioxide diffuses into leaves from the air; through stomata; water absorbed by
osmosis; by root hairs; from the soil [4]
8
light
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
chlorophyll
1 mark for raw materials,1 mark for products, 1 mark for light and chlorophyll [3]
light = source of energy;
carbon dioxide and water are raw materials;
glucose = product;
oxygen = by-product; [4]
9 A limiting factor is something present in the environment that is in short supply and
restricts a life process, such as photosynthesis [1]
10 carbon dioxide burn, butane / natural gas; pump carbon dioxide into glasshouse
water sprinklers; humidifiers
light artificial lighting
temperature electric heaters; ventilator flaps [5]
1 A
2 D
3 B
4 C
(b) I - (cuticle on upper epidermis) reduces water loss; NOT prevents water loss
J (guard cells) open and close stomata; close to reduce water loss; open to allow
carbon dixoide to diffuse in; [3]
(c) F (palisade mesophyll cell) and G (spongy mesophyll cell) contain many chloroplasts;
containing chlorophyll; to absorb much light; to provide energy for photosynthesis;
[3]
(d) air spaces between cells allow carbon dioxide to diffuse; quickly to cells; gases
circulate throughout the leaf; [3]
(b) so no limiting factors /l energy and water are not limiting factors; so only item missing
is carbon dioxide which is being investigated; [2]
(c) take a leaf from the plant; decolourise it; by boiling in ethanol until green colour
disappears; test with iodine solution; yellow indicates that no starch has been
made / blue-black indicates that starch has been made; [4]
(d) as a control;
to show that absence of carbon dioxide causes lack of starch;
keeping the plant inside a plastic bag did not cause lack of starch; [2]
(ii) either count the bubbles, over a stated time period (e.g. one minute / five minutes)
or measure the volume of gas collected in the test-tube, over a stated period of time;
[2]
(iii) keep temperature of water in the beaker constant; by adding hot/cold water as
appropriate; by placing the beaker in a thermostatically-controlled water bath;
use a thermometer to take the temperature of water in the beaker (close to the
plant); to 3 max
8 (a) M cannot make amino acids so cannot make proteins; for growth; no nitrogen for
making chlorophyll;
(b) as a control; to show the design of the experiment is not responsible for the changes
in colour of leaves and growth; [2]