Professional Documents
Culture Documents
- LECTURE 1
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The percentage of water resources.
Earth(World)
Ocean
Freshwater (3%)
(97%)
Cannot be used
(99.4%)
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Why is Water Important?
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MALAYSIAS WATER
RESOURCES
AVAILABILITY
AND
DEMAND
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WHAT WE HAVE NOW : WATER AVAILABILITY IN MALAYSIA
{Based on The Review of The National Water Resources Study 2000-2050} (2011)
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SCENARIOS OF WATER WHERE
RESOURCES IN MALAYSIA THE
RAINFALL
GO?
Water is abundant but it does not fall everywhere all the time
Blessed nation with plenty of water & almost free of natural disaster
Per capita volume : 17,000 m3/capita (Surface runoff) 7
Demand from Sectors
TOTAL WATER DEMAND IN ALL SECTORS
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Water Supply Issues:
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WATER TARIFF IN SELANGOR
SEWERAGE CHARGES IN MALAYSIA
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USAGE PRICE/m MIN.PAYMENT Annual Value Basic Charge (RM)
Band
(RM) (RM) (RM) Connected Septic Tank
Domestic Usage 1 0 - 2,000 8 7
0-20 m 0.57 6 2 2,001 - 5,000 14 8
21-35 m 1.03 3 5,001 - 10,000 20 14
35 m and above 2 4 10,001 - 20,000 26 19
Commercial (Inclusive of 5 20,001 - 30,000 29 21
Public Swimming Pool) 6 30,001 - 40,000 32 23
35 m 2.07 36 7 40,001 - 50,000 35 25
35 m and above 2.28 8 50,001 - 60,000 38 27
Govt. Dept. 1.61 17 9 60,001 - 70,000 41 29
10 70,001 - 80,000 44 31
Religious Places 0.46 6
Ship 4.23
Charitable Org. 0.58 6 Monthly Excess Charge
* Condos/Apart. 1.38 173 Water Usage Excess Charge
* Low Cost Flats/ Apart. 0.8 35 3
< 100 m < 200 m3
30 sen /m3
* Army Camps/ Estates/ 1 12 > 200 m3 45 sen/m3
Govt. Quarters
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WATER PRICING IN SINGAPORE
Usage Price/m3
S$
Water Tariff
0-40m3 1.17
>40m3 1.4
Water Conservation Tax 30%
Sanitary Appliance Fee 3.00/fitting
Waterborne fee 0.28
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Malaysia: Population Projections
Population (000)
State
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Perlis 246 291 319 343 361
Kedah 2,043 2,440 2,695 2,906 3,065
Pulau Pinang 1,609 1,841 1,958 2,064 2,133
Perak 2,441 2,810 3,004 3,177 3,294
Selangor & Kuala Lumpur 6,970 7,951 8,443 8,896 9,195
Negeri Sembilan 1,032 1,190 1,274 1,348 1,399
Melaka 785 925 1,008 1,078 1,129
Johor 3,458 4,117 4,533 4,879 5,140
Pahang 1,573 1,867 2,050 2,203 2,317
Terengganu 1,149 1,445 1,672 1,854 2,006
Kelantan 1,677 2,104 2,427 2,686 2,901
Peninsular Malaysia 22,983 26,981 29,383 31,434 32,940
Sarawak 2,660 3,127 3,505 3,839 4,117
Sabah 3,267 3,874 4,400 4,719 4,958
Labuan 88 101 110 115 118
East Malaysia 6,015 7,102 8,015 8,673 9,193
Malaysia 28,998 34,083 37,398 40,107 42,133
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Water Demand Scenario
Total Water Availability versus Consumptive Water Demand in Malaysia
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Urban - Impact on surface runoff
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Sustaining Water Resources Pollutants of Concern
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Water Pollution Impacts
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Water Pollution
Status of Rivers in Malaysia (2005 2012)
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Pollution Management Issues
Manage point, non-point pollution and emerging pollutants of concern.
Carrying capacity of each river system and the Total Maximum Daily Load
(TMDL) it can assimilate without harming the environment.
Address trans-boundary water pollution issues.
Improved water quality monitoring network.
Re-look at current water quality standards.
Legislative, institutional, policy and funding needs.
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Water and Ecological Sustainability Issues
Environmental Flow: quantity, timing, and quality of water flows required to
sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems, and human livelihoods that
depend on these ecosystems.
Why is it important?
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Water and Ecological Sustainability Issues
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Water and Ecological Sustainability
Blue water footprint:
volume of surface water and ground water consumed
during production processes (i.e. evaporated or
incorporated into the product)
Source: Virtualwater.EU
Source: Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., Aldaya, M.M. and Mekonnen, M.M. (2011) The water 25
footprint assessment manual: Setting the global standard, Earthscan, London, UK.
Water Resources Potential
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Water Resources Potential
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Integrated Urban Water Resource Management Issues
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Wastewater Treatment Technology
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Towards a Green Technological
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Conclusion : Water Resources Management is
everybody business - Its also our role
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THANK YOU
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