Edition 09/2013

Primer

AVL CRUISE
VERSION 2013

AVL List Gmbh 2009. All right reserved

Primer CRUISE v2013

AVL LIST GmbH

Hans-List-Platz 1, A-8020 Graz, Austria
http://www.avl.com

AST Local Support Contact: www.avl.com/ast-worldwide

Revision Date Description Document No.

A 15-Jun-1998 CRUISE v1.0 - Primer 04.0103.0386
B 17-Mar-1999 CRUISE v1.1 - Primer 04.0103.0407
C 30-Mar-2000 CRUISE v1.2 - Primer 04.0103.0416
D 22-Apr-2001 CRUISE v2.0 - Primer 04.0103.0424
E 21-Mar-2002 CRUISE v2.1 - Primer 04.0103.0435
F 23-May-2003 CRUISE v2.2 - Primer 04.0103.0442
G 17-Jan-2005 CRUISE v3.0 - Primer 04.0103.0462
H 30-Nov-2006 CRUISE v3.1 - Primer 04.0103.0484
I 22-Jun-2007 CRUISE v3.1.1 - Primer 04.0103.0494
J 30-Apr-2008 CRUISE v2008 - Primer 04.0103.2008
K 10-Dec-2008 CRUISE v2008.1 - Primer 04.0103.2008.1
L 03-Jul-2009 CRUISE v2009 - Primer 04.0103.2009
M 04-Sept-2009 CRUISE v2009 - Primer 04.0103.2009
N 01-Jul-2010 CRUISE v2010 - Primer 04.0103.2010
O 17-Jun-2011 CRUISE v2011 - Primer 04.0103.2011
P 30-Nov-2011 CRUISE v2011.1 - Primer 04.0103.2011.1
Q 03-Dec-2012 CRUISE v2011.3 - Primer 04.0103.2011.3
R 20-Sept-2013 CRUISE v2013 - Primer 04.0103.2013

Copyright 2013, AVL

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored
in a retrieval system, or translated into any language, or computer language, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, or otherwise, without prior
written consent of AVL.
This document describes how to run the CRUISE software. It does not attempt to discuss all of
concepts of vehicle simulation that are required to obtain successful solutions. It is the users
responsibility to determine if he/she has sufficient knowledge and understanding of vehicle
simulation to apply this software appropriately.
This software and document are distributed solely on an "as is" basis. The entire risk as to their
quality and performance is with the user. Should either the software or this document prove
defective, the user (and not AVL or its distributors) assumes the entire cost of all necessary
servicing, repair, or correction. AVL and its distributors will not be liable for direct, indirect,
incidental, or consequential damages resulting from any defect in the software or this document,
even if they have been advised of the possibility of such damage.
Primer CRUISE v2013

Table of Contents
1. Introduction _____________________________________________________1-1
1.1. Scope _______________________________________________________________________ 1-1
1.2. User Qualification ____________________________________________________________ 1-1
1.3. Symbols _____________________________________________________________________ 1-1
1.4. Configurations _______________________________________________________________ 1-2

2. Overview ________________________________________________________2-1
2.1. Workflow ____________________________________________________________________ 2-1
2.2. Components _________________________________________________________________ 2-1
2.3. Connections _________________________________________________________________ 2-2

3. Manual Front Wheel Drive Example _____________________________3-1

3.1. Create Project/Version ________________________________________________________ 3-2
3.2. Create Vehicle Model _________________________________________________________ 3-2
3.3. Component Input Data _______________________________________________________ 3-3
3.3.1. Vehicle __________________________________________________________________ 3-3
3.3.2. Engine __________________________________________________________________ 3-4
3.3.3. Clutch ___________________________________________________________________ 3-6
3.3.4. Gear Box ________________________________________________________________ 3-7
3.3.5. Single Ratio Transmission _________________________________________________ 3-8
3.3.6. 4 Wheels _________________________________________________________________ 3-8
3.3.7. 4 Brakes _________________________________________________________________ 3-9
3.3.8. Differential _____________________________________________________________ 3-10
3.3.9. Cockpit _________________________________________________________________ 3-10
3.3.10. Monitor _______________________________________________________________ 3-11
3.4. Connections: Energetic ______________________________________________________ 3-11
3.5. Connections: Informational___________________________________________________ 3-13
3.6. Project Data ________________________________________________________________ 3-14
3.7. Create Task Folders and Add Tasks ___________________________________________ 3-14
3.8. Run Calculation _____________________________________________________________ 3-16
3.9. Results _____________________________________________________________________ 3-17

4. Troubleshooting _________________________________________________4-1
5. Automatic Front Wheel Drive Example __________________________5-1
5.1. Load Project/ Create Version __________________________________________________ 5-1
5.2. Modify Vehicle Model _________________________________________________________ 5-1
5.3. Component Input Data _______________________________________________________ 5-2
5.3.1. Cockpit __________________________________________________________________ 5-2
5.3.2. Torque Converter_________________________________________________________ 5-2

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5.3.3. Gear Box Control ________________________________________________________ 5-3

5.3.4. Gear Box Program _______________________________________________________ 5-4
5.4. Connections: Energetic _______________________________________________________ 5-4
5.5. Connections: Informational ___________________________________________________ 5-4
5.6. Project Data ________________________________________________________________ 5-5
5.7. Task Folders and Tasks ______________________________________________________ 5-5
5.8. Run Calculation _____________________________________________________________ 5-6

6. Setting up and running a Matrix Calculation ___________________ 6-1

6.1. Load Project/ Create Version__________________________________________________ 6-1
6.2. Selecting parameters for variation _____________________________________________ 6-1
6.3. Setting parameter values _____________________________________________________ 6-2
6.4. Selecting Task Folders and tasks for calculation ________________________________ 6-2
6.5. Run Calculation _____________________________________________________________ 6-3

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List of Figures
Figure 2-1: Data Bus Window........................................................................................................... 2-2
Figure 3-1: Layout and Platform Selection Window ....................................................................... 3-1
Figure 3-2: Cruise USER AREA ....................................................................................................... 3-1
Figure 3-3: Complete Model.............................................................................................................. 3-3
Figure 3-4: Monitor Description of Data Bus...............................................................................3-11
Figure 3-5: Data BusConnections ..................................................................................................3-14
Figure 3-6: Folder Tasks Submenu .................................................................................................3-15
Figure 3-7: Result Manager Window ...............................................................................................3-17
Figure 3-8: Result Protocol Example ..............................................................................................3-17
Figure 3-9: Standard Diagram Example .........................................................................................3-18
Figure 3-10: Mouse Functions .........................................................................................................3-18
Figure 3-11: Presentation Diagram Summary .............................................................................3-19
Figure 3-12: Presentation Diagram Driving Time Distribution .................................................3-20
Figure 5-1: Layout and Platform Selection Window ....................................................................... 5-1
Figure 5-2: Complete Model.............................................................................................................. 5-2
Figure 6-1: Layout and Platform Selection Window ....................................................................... 6-1
Figure 6-2: Matrix calculation; parameter list ................................................................................. 6-2
Figure 6-3: Selected Task Folders and tasks ................................................................................... 6-3

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Primer CRUISE v2013

1. INTRODUCTION
This manual describes the basic concepts and methods for using AVL CRUISE to simulate
engine/powertrain systems.

1.1. Scope
This manual describes how to use CRUISE. It does not attempt to discuss all concepts of
CRUISE that are required to obtain successful solutions. It is the users responsibility to
determine if he/she has sufficient knowledge and understanding of vehicle simulation to
apply this software appropriately.

1.2. User Qualification

It is recommended that the user has a basic understanding of the GUI before beginning
this example.
This document is a basic qualification for operating CRUISE and users are recommended
to continue with CRUISE training courses.

1.3. Symbols
The following symbols are used throughout this manual. Safety warnings must be strictly
observed during operation and service of the system or its components.

Caution: Cautions describe conditions, practices or procedures which

could result in damage to, or destruction of data if not strictly observed or
remedied.

Note: Notes provide important supplementary information.

Convention Meaning

Italics For emphasis, to introduce a new term or for manual titles.

monospace To indicate a command, a program or a file name,

messages, or input / output on a screen or file contents.
SCREEN-KEYS A SCREEN font is used for the names of windows and
keyboard keys, e.g. to indicate that you should type a
command and press the ENTER key.
MenuOpt A MenuOpt font is used for the names of menu options,
submenus and screen buttons.

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1.4. Configurations
Software configurations described in this manual were in effect on the publication date of
this manual. It is the users responsibility to verify the configuration of the equipment
before applying procedures in this manual.

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2. OVERVIEW
2.1. Workflow
The following steps are recommended for the workflow:
1. Create project/version
2. Create vehicle model
3. Input the data in components
4. Create connections: Energetic
5. Create connections: Informational
6. Create task folders and add tasks
7. Set up calculation
8. Run calculation
9. View and evaluate results
The user is guided through these steps in the example description in the following chapter.

2.2. Components
The components used to build systems are located under the Desk Area Modules Sidebar.
Click on a component group and select a component by clicking it with the left mouse
button. Keep the left mouse button pressed and drag it into the vehicle model area.

Databus Mechanical Exhaust

Connection Connection Connection

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2.3. Connections
The two types of connections are described as follows:

Mechanical

Energetic Connections
Connection

Exhaust
Connection

Electrical
Connection
Informational
Connection

Informational
Connection

Energetic:
Connections which transfer energy are divided by the type of energy which is transferred
into the following groups:

Mechanical
Exhaust System
Electrical
The energetic connections are established by poly-lines between the pins.

Informational:
Information to the Data Bus is the only informational connection.
The energetic connections are represented in the form of lines on the screen. The
components with informational connections have only a small colored arrow on the left
bottom corner of the symbol. To connect the different modules with information-flow,
open the Data Bus dialog by double clicking with the left mouse button on the colored
lines (red, green, and blue) at the bottom of the Vehicle Modeler. The following window
opens:

Figure 2-1: Data Bus Window

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The connections in the Data Bus are described as follows:

In the first column (Component ... requires) all components are listed which can receive
information from other components (e.g. Engine).
In the second column (Input Information ... from) all signals that the component, selected
in the first column, can accept will be displayed (e.g. Load Signal). Signals that are
marked in blue in this column have to be connected; signals marked in black are optional.
After selecting a signal in the second column, in the third column (Component ...
delivering) all components appear which can deliver such information (e.g. Cockpit; in this
case the only component that can deliver a Load Signal).
In the fourth column (Output Information ...) the signals appear that the component,
selected in the third column, can deliver and that match the information, selected in the
second column (e.g. Load Signal). In CRUISE a pre-selection is done so that only the
components that can provide the input information as requested in the second column are
presented in the third and fourth columns (in this case only the Cockpit can deliver an
information like the Load Signal).
For this example the Cockpit delivers the information about the actual Load Signal to the
engine, where it is used to determine the output torque. In the graphical form this is
displayed as follows:

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3. MANUAL FRONT WHEEL DRIVE

EXAMPLE
This chapter describes how to create and run the model of a manual front wheel drive.
The Primer.prj file is used in this example.
It is recommended to refer to the CRUISE Users Guide for more detailed information.

1. Start CRUISE by double clicking on the icon on the desktop or from Start selecting
Menu/All Programs/AVL/Cruise

2. When CRUISE is started, the Layout and Platform Selection window opens.

Figure 3-1: Layout and Platform Selection Window

Select a layout, select a platform and then click start. The USER AREA opens.

Figure 2-2: Cruise USER AREA

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3.1. Create Project/Version

1. In the USER AREA click on the Projects folder with the right mouse-button and select
new | project. Enter a name and select OK. The new name will appear in the projects
tree.

2. Select this new project with the right mouse button and select new | version. Enter
the new version name or keep the default version name. Select OK.

3. Select the version with the right mouse button and select save. All files and
subdirectories required for the project management are created.

3.2. Create Vehicle Model

1. Click on the DESK AREA and then click on the Vehicle Model.
2. To place a component in the working area, click on the component group with the left
mouse button, move the mouse over the required component and then click and drag
the component.
3. Place the following components in the working area:
Vehicle
Engine
Clutch
Gear Box
Single Ratio Transmission
Differential
4 Brakes
4 Wheels
Cockpit
Monitor

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4. Arrange the components as shown in the following figure.

Figure 3-3: Complete Model

3.3. Component Input Data

3.3.1. Vehicle
Double click on the Vehicle or click on it with the right mouse button and select Edit and
enter the following data.

Comment Manual FWD

Notice 1 passenger car

Notice 2 manual

Notice 3 front wheel drive

Gas Tank Volume 0.075 m3

Pressure Difference 0.0 mbar

Engine/Environment

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Temperature Difference 0.0 K

Engine/Environment
Vehicle Body Dimensions

Distance from Hitch to Front 3300 mm

Axle
Wheel Base 2650 mm

Height of Support Point at 100 mm

Bench Test
Load Dependent Characteristics [mm]

Distance of Height of Tire Inflation Tire Inflation

Load Height of
Gravity Gravity Height of PFA Pressure Front Pressure Rear
State Hitch
Center Center Axle Axle

empty 1250 552 400 0.0 2.0 2.2

half 1255 545 390 0.0 2.0 2.2

full 1263 530 368 0.0 2.0 2.2

Nominal Weight

Curb Weight 1450 kg

Gross Weight 1930 kg

Air Coefficient
Frontal Area 1.88 m2

Drag Coefficient 0.32

3.3.2. Engine
Double click on the Engine and enter the following data.

Comment 6 cylinder engine

Notice 1 gasoline

Notice 2 inline

Engine Type Gasoline

Charger Without

Engine Displacement 2478.0 cm

Engine Working Temperature 80.0 C

Number of Cylinders 6

Number of Strokes 4

Idle Speed 750.0 1/min

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Maximum Speed 6000.0 1/min

Inertia Moment 0.134 kg*m

Response Time 0.1 s

Fuel Type
Fuel Type petrol

Heating Value 44000.0 kJ/kg

Fuel Density 0.76 kg/l

Specific Carbon Content 0.86

3.3.2.1. Full Load Characteristic

Click on the Full Load Characteristic tab. Select <kW> from the b= pull-down menu. Add
rows by clicking on . Enter the following data.

a b

750 8.5

1321 24.2

1775 36.17

2119 45.27

2518 56.15

2959 68.62

3261 77.4

3537 85.13

3908 95.82

4266 105.34

4761 116.41

5188 123.29

5532 126.82

5780 127.5

6000 126.95

Then click on Update to display the curve.

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3.3.2.2. Motoring Curve

Click on the Motoring Curve tab. Select <kW> from the b= pull-down menu. Add rows by
clicking on . Enter the following data.

a b

750 0

1397 -3.15

1954 -5.32

2636 -7.67

3351 -9.65

3895 -10.97

4518 -12.43

5220 -13.72

6000 -14.95

Then click on Update to display the curve.

3.3.2.3. Engine Maps Basic

Load the data for the Fuel Consumption Map by clicking on the button next to the name of
the map

Then select load and from file from the context menu. Select the
Primer_Fuel_Consumption_Map.dbf file in the
projects\Conventional_Models\Primer\Man_FWD\userdata\Input_Data
directory.
In the same way load also the data for NOx Emission Map, CO Emission Map and HC
Emission Map. Always use the corresponding *.dbf file.

3.3.3. Clutch
Double click on the Clutch and enter the following data.

Comment Friction Clutch

Notice 1 Mmax=350Nm

Inertia Moment In 0.01 kg*m

Inertia Moment Out 0.01 kg*m

Simple Model

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Maximum transferable Torque 350 Nm

3.3.3.1. Pressure Force

Click on the Pressure Force tab. Add rows by clicking on . Enter the following data.

a b

0 5000

33 2250

66 750

100 0

Then click on Update to display the curve.

3.3.4. Gear Box

Double click on the Gear Box and enter the following data.

Comment 5 speed Gear Box

Gear Ratio Table
a b c d e f

0 1 0.0015 0.005 10 10
1 3.62 0.0015 0.005 50 181
2 2.22 0.0015 0.005 50 111
3 1.51 0.0015 0.005 100 151
4 1.08 0.0015 0.005 25 27
5 0.85 0.0015 0.005 20 17

3.3.4.1. Efficiency and Torque Loss Correction

Click on the Efficiency and Torque Loss Correction tab. Add rows by clicking on .
Enter the following data.

a b
0 0.95
1 0.95
2 0.95
3 0.95
4 0.95
5 0.95

Then click on Update to display the curve.

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3.3.5. Single Ratio Transmission

Double click on the Single Ratio Transmission and enter the following data.

Comment Final Drive

Notice 1 front

Transmission Ratio 3.0

Inertia Moment In 0.008 kg*m

Inertia Moment Out 0.015 kg*m

3.3.5.1. Efficiency and Torque Loss Correction

Click on the Efficiency and Torque Loss Correction tab and enter 0.97 for Efficiency.

3.3.6. 4 Wheels
The data for the 4 wheels is the same. Double click on the Wheel and enter the following
data.
Select Properties and define the appropriate Wheel Location for each wheel (Front Right,
Rear Right, Front Left, and Rear Left).

Comment Manual FWD

Inertia Moment 0.51 kg*m

Wheel Slip
Friction Coefficient of Tire 0.95
Reference Wheel Load 2500 N
Wheel Load Correction 0.02
Coefficient

3.3.6.1. Rolling Radius

Click on the Rolling Radius tab and enter the following data.

Static Rolling Radius 305 mm

Circumference 1916.37 mm
Dynamic Rolling Radius 312 mm
Circumference 1960.35 mm

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3.3.6.2. Rolling Resistance Factors

Click on the Rolling Resistance Factors tab. Add rows by clicking on . Enter the
following data.

a b
0 1.37
20 1.37
50 1.37
100 1.38
120 1.39
150 1.5
180 1.67
200 1.75
230 1.95
250 2.1
280 2.4

3.3.7. 4 Brakes
The data for the two front brakes is the same and also the data for the two rear brakes is
the same. Double click on the Brake and enter the following data.

Front Disc Brake Rear Disc Brake

Comment Front Disc Brake Rear Disc Brake
Notice 1 Front right / Front left Rear Right / Rear left

Brake Piston Surface 1800 mm 1500 mm

Friction Coefficient 0.25 0.25
Specific Brake Factor 1 1
Effective Friction 130 110
Radius
Efficiency 0.99 0.99
Inertial Moment 0.02 kg*m 0.015 kg*m

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3.3.8. Differential
Double click on the Differential and enter the following data.

Comment Differential

Notice 1 front

Differential Lock unlocked

Torque Split Factor 1

Inertia Moment In 0.015 kg*m

Inertia Moment Out 1 0.015 kg*m

Inertia Moment Out 2 0.015 kg*m

3.3.9. Cockpit
Double click on the Cockpit and enter the following data.

Comment Cockpit

Notice 1 passenger car

Notice 2 manual

Shift Mode Manual

Number of Gears Forward: 5

Reverse: 1
Maximum Brake Force 100 N

Number of Retarder Steps 0

Brake Light Switch Threshold 1.0 %

Click on the Acceleration Pedal Characteristic and Clutch Pedal Characteristic tabs.
Add rows by clicking on . Enter the following data for both:

a b
0 0
100 100

Click on the Brake Pedal Characteristic tab. Select <bar> from the b= pull-down menu.
Add rows by clicking on . Enter the following data:

a b
0 0
100 180

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3.3.10. Monitor
Click on the Description of Data Bus tab and click on to open the following dialog.

Figure 4-4: Monitor Description of Data Bus

To select a Data Bus Channel, click on to access the available list. Enter the text for
the Description and then click on to select the Unit.

Data Bus Channel Description Unit

INPUT0 Vehicle Acceleration m/s
INPUT1 Vehicle Velocity km/h
INPUT2 Vehicle Distance m
INPUT3 Engine Load Signal -
INPUT4 Engine Speed 1/min

3.4. Connections: Energetic

Note: Some components do not need links and can stand alone (i.e.
monitor, vehicle, cockpit). Components such as clutch, brake, wheel may
not be connected correctly.

1. To connect the components, observe the following:

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a. Move connecting pin to desired position. Do the same with the other
components connecting pin.
b. To connect, right-click on the connecting pin. Then, from the context
menu, select Connect.
c. Drag the line to the other connecting pin and click with the left mouse
button.

Note: Only the same type of connecting pins can be connected.

d. Connection line is now complete.

2. Complete the connection lines on the rest of the components as shown in Figure 3-3.

Note: Some components have more than one pin (e.g. gearbox). Here
one pin is usually the input, the other one is the output. When
connecting the components make sure that the connections are made
correct (input should always be the engine side), otherwise the
transmission can work in the wrong direction!

Most of the components have all the required connectors. In Differential (D) Brake
(B) Wheel (W), Brake has only one mechanical connector. The mechanical diagram
is as follows:

For a better representation pins can also be cloned. By cloning the existing pin on the
Brake component, the user can create two connections: one to connect the Brake to
the Wheel component and one to connect to the Transmission.
By cloning the pin, all input data and output data for both pins is cloned. Thus,
CRUISE considers both pins as one connection.
Select the connecting pin as if you were choosing Connect, but choose Clone Pin from
the context menu. This creates another connection on Brake, which should be moved
to the appropriate spot.

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3.5. Connections: Informational

1. When all connections are complete, open the Data Bus by double clicking on the
colored lines (red, green and blue) at the bottom of the screen. The Data Bus makes
the necessary connections and options for informational connections in the system.
In the Data Bus window, the four columns contain items that must be linked together
correctly. All items marked in blue must be connected. Items marked in black are
optional and are connected at the users discretion.
In the first column, click on Engine and Load Signal appears in the second column.
Click on Load Signal and Cockpit appears in the third column.
Click on Cockpit and Load Signal appears in the fourth column.
If all is correct, click on Load Signal in the fourth column. The aforementioned
objects in Columns B, C and D will now have the red, green, and blue lines before
them. If all necessary connections for a component are made, this component name
will be marked bold and gets a green tick in front of the name.

2. Connect the components as described in the following table.

Component Input Information Component Delivering Output Information

Requirement From
Brake Brake Pressure Cockpit Brake Pressure

Clutch-Friction Desired Clutch Cockpit Desired Clutch Release

Clutch Release

Cockpit Gear Indicator Gear Box Current Gear

Operational Control 0 Engine Operational Control

Speed Engine Engine Speed

Engine Load Signal Cockpit Load Signal

Start Switch Cockpit Start Switch

Gear Box Desired Gear Cockpit Desired Gear

Monitor Input 0 Vehicle Acceleration

Input 1 Vehicle Velocity

Input 2 Vehicle Distance

Input 3 Engine Actual Load Signal

Input 4 Engine Engine Speed

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Figure 5-5: Data BusConnections

3.6. Project Data

1. Click on the Project folder and enter the relevant data, e.g.:

Comment Manual FWD

Notice 1 Passenger car

Notice 2 manual

Notice 3 front wheel drive

Project Name Manual FWD

2. Click on the Vehicle folder and select standard manual for Drive Train Model.
Deselect Switching to Drive Train Model general permitted and click OK to the
message.

3.7. Create Task Folders and Add Tasks

Next add the Task Folders which will contain specific tasks.
Unless otherwise stated, keep the default settings.
1. Under Project Data, click on Project with the left mouse button to select it and then
with the right mouse button to open the context menu and select add | Task folder
from the context menu.
2. Enter the following data:
Comment Manual FWD

Name of Folder Cycle run

Max. Simulation Time Step 0.05 s

3. Click on the Task Folder with the right mouse button and then select add and the
required task from the following list:

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Figure 6-6: Folder Tasks Submenu

For this Task Folder, select Cycle Run.

4. For Cycle Run, enter the following data:

Comment Manual FWD

Name UDC

Temperature setting Hot Start steady state

Driving Resistance physical

Solver Quasi-stationary S

Location Roadway

Road curvature Without cornering

Wheel slip Without slip

Gear Selection Upshifting According to Profile

Gear Selection According to Profile

Downshifting

Driver Load the Standard Driver by clicking on .

Course Load the Standard Course by clicking on .

Profile Load the UDC_man profile by clicking on .

Load State Vehicle: half

5. Add six more Task Folders with the following tasks and load the data from file:

Task Folder 2 Time Interval: 1.0 s

Climbing.tsk is located in
Climbing Performance projects\Conventional_Models\Primer\
Man_FWD\folder.003
Task Folder 3 Time Interval: 1.0 s
Constant.tsk is located in
Constant Drive projects\Conventional_Models\Primer\
Man_FWD\folder.004

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Load the Run in all gears file.

Constant Drive Load the Maximum velocity file.

Task Folder 4
Full Load Acceleration
Full Load Acceleration
Full Load Acceleration
fullload.tsk is located in
projects\Conventional_Models\Primer\
Man_FWD\folder.005
Load the Acceleration in all Gears file.
Load the Shifting Gears from Standstill
file.
Load the Elasticity 80-140 4th Gear file.

Task Folder 5 Time Interval: 1.0 s

traction.tsk is located in
Maximum Traction Force projects\Conventional_Models\Primer\
Man_FWD\folder.006
Task Folder 6 Time Interval: 1.0 s
Cruising.tsk is located in
Cruising projects\Conventional_Models\Primer\
Man_FWD\folder.007
Task Folder 7 Time Interval: 0.2 s
braking.tsk is located in
Brake/Coast/Thrust projects\Conventional_Models\Primer\
Man_FWD\folder.008

3.8. Run Calculation

1. In the DESK AREA click on Calculation Center or click on

2. Click on to run the calculation.

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3.9. Results
1. Click on the Result Manager in the Navigation Frame and expand the task of which
the results should be viewed. The selected object (e.g. Engine results) is shown in the
right section of the window.

Figure 7-7: Result Manager Window

2. There are several information files in the directory Messages (refer to the Users Guide
for more information), as well as the Result-Protocol-File (results.log).

Figure 8-8: Result Protocol Example

There are two types of result outputs available with the Result Manager:
Standard Diagrams and

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Presentation diagrams
There are examples of both in the following pages.

Figure 9-9: Standard Diagram Example

Standard Diagrams are created separately for each component and only contain results of
the individual component.
The following options are available from the context menu when clicking with the right
mouse button onto the diagram:

Figure 10-10: Mouse Functions

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Figure 11-11: Presentation Diagram Summary

Diagram Templates can be defined by the user and results of different components can be
combined on one sheet. Text and graphics can also be included.

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Figure 12-12: Presentation Diagram Driving Time Distribution

In the result window, select File | Print Page to print calculation results.

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4. TROUBLESHOOTING
1. CONNECTING COMPONENTS
Go from left to right ( ), front to back
2. COMPONENTS DO NOT CONNECT
Ensure connections are done correctly. If it fails, components may not be compatible.
3. CHANGES ARE NOT SAVED
OK was not selected to confirm the values in the Data Bus dialog.
When opening an EXISTING FILE, select BOTH Project Folder name AND version
number. If only the Project Folder is selected, CRUISE will prompt a message No
version selected, CRUISE will start without data! Then select cancel and select the
version number.
4. TEST(S) WILL NOT RUN
Look for the following possible errors:
Components are connected improperly
Components are not assigned specifications
Data Bus is incomplete (necessary links are incomplete)
Tests in Folder are incomplete and lack parameters
All tests are marked do not run and calculations do not take place.
5. LOADING/COPYING DATA
When copying data, make sure the desired file is under Filename on the left. If not,
the Data does not exist! message pops up. Click on the correct name on the left side
and the name will change.

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5. AUTOMATIC FRONT WHEEL DRIVE

EXAMPLE
This chapter describes how to modify the manual front wheel drive example model,
described in chapter 3, in order to crate an automatic front wheel drive model.

1. Start CRUISE by double clicking on the icon on the desktop or from Start selecting
Menu/All Programs/AVL/Cruise

2. When CRUISE is started, the Layout, Platform and License Selection window opens.

Figure 5-1: Layout and Platform Selection Window

Select a layout, select a platform and then click start. The USER AREA opens.

5.1. Load Project/ Create Version

1. In the USER AREA click on the Projects folder and select the vehicle model, created in
Chapter 3, by left-clicking on the version name.

2. Click with the right mouse button and select new | version. Enter the new version
name (e.g. Aut_FWD). Select OK.

3. Select the version with the right mouse button and select save. All files and
subdirectories required for the project management are created.

5.2. Modify Vehicle Model

The changes that need to be done are the following:
1. Delete the Clutch component by right-clicking it and selecting remove module from
the context menu.
2. Add the following components to the model:
Torque Converter
Gear Box Control

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Gear Box Program

3. Arrange the components as shown in the following figure.

Figure 5-2: Complete Model

5.3. Component Input Data

5.3.1. Cockpit
Double click on the Cockpit and change the selection Shift Mode from Manual to
Automatic.

5.3.2. Torque Converter

Double click on the Torque Converter and enter the following data.

Comment Torque Converter

Notice 1 hydro

Notice 2 oil

Notice 3 12 plates

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Inertia Moment of Pump with 0.016 kg*m

Oil
Inertia Moment of Turbine with 0.011 kg*m
Oil
Max. Torque lock-up Clutch 0.001 Nm

Input Mode Torque conversion

5.3.2.1. Torque Conversion Curves

Click on the Torque Conversion Curves tab. Load the data for the Torque Conversion
Curves by clicking on the button next to the name of the input

Then select load and from file from the context menu. Select the
Primer_Torque_Conversion_Curves.dbf file in the
projects\Conventional_Models\Primer\Aut_FWD\userdata\Input_Data
directory.

5.3.3. Gear Box Control

Double click on the Gear Box Control and enter the following data.

Comment GB Control

Notice 1 5 speed

5.3.3.1. Shifting According to Velocity

Click on the Shifting According to Velocity tab. Select <km/h> from the b= and c= pull-
down menus. Add rows by clicking on . Enter the following data:

a b c
1 25 23
2 50 38
3 75 60
4 100 70

5.3.3.2. Shifting According to Speed

Click on the Shifting According to Speed tab. Add rows by clicking on . Enter the
following data:

a b c
1 3000 1500
2 3000 1500
3 3000 1500
4 3000 1500

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5.3.3.3. Shifting According to Speed in the next Gear

Click on the Shifting According to Speed in next Gear tab. Add rows by clicking on .
Enter the following data:

a b c
1 2000 2500
2 2000 2500
3 2000 2500
4 2000 2500

5.3.4. Gear Box Program

Double click on the Gear Box Program and enter the following data.

Comment GB Program

Notice 1 5 speed

5.3.4.1. Shifting Programs Standard

Click on the Shifting Programs Standard tab. Load the data for the Shifting Program by
clicking on the button next to the name of the input

Then select load and from file from the context menu. Select the
Primer_Shifting_Program_1.dbf file in the
projects\Conventional_Models\Primer\Aut_FWD\userdata\Input_Data
directory.

5.4. Connections: Energetic

Connect the Torque Converter between Engine and Gear Box

5.5. Connections: Informational

Connect the components as described in the following table.

Component Input Information Component Delivering Output Information

Requirement From
Gear Box Current Gear Gear Box Current Gear
Control
Desired Gear Cockpit Desired Gear
(Cockpit)

Desired Gear (G.B. Gear Box Program Desired Gear

Program)

Gear Selection Cockpit Gear Selection

Downshifting Downshifting

Gear Selection Cockpit Gear Selection

Upshifting Upshifting

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Operation Control Cockpit Operation Control

Reference Speed Torque Converter Turbine Speed

Velocity Cockpit Velocity

Gear Box Current Gear Gear Box Current Gear

Program
Load Signal Cockpit Load Signal

Speed Gear Box Output Speed

Modify the signal Desired Gear for Gear Box from:

Component Input Information Component Delivering Output Information

Requirement From
Gear Box Desired Gear Cockpit Desired Gear

To:

Component Input Information Component Delivering Output Information

Requirement From
Gear Box Desired Gear Gear Box Control Desired Gear

5.6. Project Data

1. Click on the Project folder and enter the relevant data, e.g.:

Comment Automatic FWD

Notice 1 Passenger car

Notice 2 manual

Notice 3 front wheel drive

Project Name Automatic FWD

2. Click on the Vehicle folder and select standard automatic for Drive Train Model.

5.7. Task Folders and Tasks

There are some minor changes that are necessary in the tasks.
1. In the task Cycle Run do the following:

Shifting Strategy Select Gear Shifting Program

Profile Load the UDC_aut_2007.pro profile by clicking on .

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2. In the tasks Climbing Performance, Constant Drive Run in all Gears, Full Load
Acceleration Maximum Acceleration in all Gears and Maximum Traction Force
activate the option Tiptronic in the Shifting section.

5.8. Run Calculation

1. In the DESK AREA click on Calculation Center or click on

2. Click on to run the calculation.

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6. SETTING UP AND RUNNING A

MATRIX CALCULATION
This chapter describes how to set up and run a Matrix Calculation in order to perform
parameter variations. The manual front wheel drive example model, described in chapter 3
is used as the basis.

1. Start CRUISE by double clicking on the icon on the desktop or from Start selecting
Menu/All Programs/AVL/Cruise

2. When CRUISE is started, the Layout, Platform and License Selection window opens.

Figure 6-1: Layout and Platform Selection Window

Select a layout, select a platform and then click start. The USER AREA opens.

6.1. Load Project/ Create Version

1. In the USER AREA click on the Projects folder and select the vehicle model, created in
Chapter 3, by left-clicking on the version name.

2. Click with the right mouse button and select load.

6.2. Selecting parameters for variation

1. Open the Engine component by double-clicking it.
2. Move a mouse over the parameter name Engine Displacement.
3. Click on it and select Matrix Calculation and add as single variable from the context
menu.
4. Close the Engine component.
5. Open the Single Ratio Transmission (Final Drive) component by double-clicking it.
6. Move a mouse over the parameter name Transmission Ratio.

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7. Click on it and select Matrix Calculation and add as single variable from the context
menu.
8. Close the Single Ratio Transmission (Final Drive) component.

6.3. Setting parameter values

1. Go to Calculation Center and select Matrix Calculation. You should see the selected
parameters Engine Displacement and Transmission Ratio in the list.
2. Click the Engine Displacement to select it. Then click on the value in the column
variation.
3. Enter the following data:
1900-2300:100
4. Click the Transmission ratio to select it. Then click on the value in the column
variation.
5. Enter the following data:
2.73; 2.81; 2.9; 3.05
It should look like this:

Figure 6-2: Matrix calculation; parameter list

6.4. Selecting Task Folders and tasks for

calculation
1. Holding down the Control button on the keybord select the Task Folders that contain
tasks Cycle run, Constant Drive and Full Load Acceleration by clicking them with
left mouse button.
2. Right-click on one of the selected Task Folders and select Folder(s) (3) and run only
this from the context menu.
3. Select the task number two (Maximum Velocity) in the Task Folder containing the
Constant drive tasks by clicking it with left mouse button.
4. Right-click on the selected task and select Task(s) (1) and run only this from the
context menu.

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5. Select the task number two (Shifting Gears from Standstill) in the Task Folder
containing the Full Load Acceleration tasks by clicking it with left mouse button.
6. Right-click on the selected task and select Task(s) (1) and run only this from the
context menu.
The following figure shows the result of these actions.

Figure 6-3: Selected Task Folders and tasks

6.5. Run Calculation

1. In the DESK AREA click on Calculation Center or click on

2. Select Matrix Calculation.

3. Click on to run the calculation.

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