KONSEP-KONSEP DASAR

GENETIKA
 MEGADIVERSITY COUNTRIES

Sundaland Hotspot Wallacea Hotspot

Conservation International (2007)
 Bunga eksotis Indonesia

Bunga Bangkai Bunga Rafflesia

Bunga Kantung Semar Bunga Anggrek hitam

HEWAN ENDEMIK INDONESIA

Arowana Cenderawasih

Hylarana florensis Anoa

 Hutan Tropis
Basah

Hutan Bakau
(Mangrove)

Bakau, Probolinggo
 Kawasan
Karst
Sangkulirang, Kaltim

Hutan Rawa
Gambut

Katingan, Kalteng
Ubud, Bali

Terasering
persawahan

Danau Toba

Danau
 Volcano

Gunung Merapi, Yogyakarta

Taman
Nasional

Taman Nasional Wakatobi

 The Fifth National Report of
Indonesia to the Convention on
Biological Diversity (2014)

a.Algae = 1.500 species

b.Fungi = 80.000 species
c.Lichen = 595 species
d.Paku-pakuan = 2.197 species
e.Spermatophyta = 30.000 40.000
species (15,5% total tumbuhan
dunia)
The Fifth National Report of Indonesia to
the Convention on Biological Diversity
(2014)-Marine Fauna
Biota Famili Species

Fish 241 3.476

Echinodermata 60 557

Polychaeta 44 527

Coral 17 450

Crustacea 309
(shrimp & crab)
Total 5.319
KERUSAKAN AKIBAT ULAH MANUSIA

BAGAIMANA KELANJUTANNYA ?
KONSERVASI PEMULIAAN

GENETIKA

FORENSIK &
BIOREMEDIASI
KESEHATAN
PERKEMBANGAN ILMU
GENETIKA

GENETIKA KLASIK
(CLASSICAL GENETICS)

GENETIKA MOLEKULAR
(MOLECULAR GENETICS)

GENETIKA EVOLUSI
(EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS)
Era sebelum tahun
Era 1860-1900 :
1860 :
Penemuan kromosom,
Penemuan inti sel,
tahap-tahap meiosis
mitosis, pemisahan
secara detail, dan
sister chromatids saat
pembentukan zigot
meiosis

Era 1944 - :
Penemuan struktur Era 1900-1944:
DNA dan DNA Penemuan hubungan
merupakan materi pembelahan meiosis
genetik dengan hukum Mendel
 Anatomy & Embryology Developmental Genetics

Pharmacogenetics
Physiology
Immunogenetics

Genetics Phylogenetics
Evolutionary Genetics
Systematics & Population Genetics
Evolution Quantitative Genetics
Conservation Genetics

Biochemistry Cytogenetics
Microbiology Molecular Genetics
Cell & Genetic Engineering
Molecular Biology
 CONCEPTS
1. What is the center of heredity in a cell?
2. What is genetic material?
3. What is a gene?
4. What is a chromosome?
5. When and how can chromosomes be visualized?
6. How many chromosomes does an organism
have?
7. What is accomplished during the process of
mitosis and meiosis?
8. What are the sources of genetic variation?
9. How does DNA store genetic information?
10. How is genetic code organized?
11. How is genetic code expressed?
12. Why are proteins so important to living
organisms that they serve as the end product of
the vast majority of genes?
 DEFINISI KLASIK GEN

Unit genetik terkecil

GEN yang memberikan ciri
spesifik yang dapat
diturunkan

GEN FENOTIP
 Perkembangan Genetika
Molekular

Potongan DNA dengan

urutan nukleotida tertentu
GEN yang membawa informasi
genetik

GEN POLIPEPTIDA FENOTIP

FENOTIP HEWAN
 FENOTIP
TANAMAN
FENOTIP
MANUSIA
Octaploid strawberry

Triploid oyster
 Transgenic zebrafish

Transgenic zebrafish containing a green flourescent protein under

control of a metallothionein gene promoter. The metallothionein
protein binds heavy metals within the cell, and the promoter or
"on/off" signal for this gene is highly responsive to increased
intracellular heavy-metal concentrations. Thus when intracellular
heavy-metal concentrations increase the metallothionein promoter
is activated and "turns on" transcription of the green flourescent
protein. Studies are underway to utilize this transgenic model as a
sentinel organism for the indication of heavy-metal polluted water.
 Cloning

Snuppy, the cloned dog created by disgraced South Korean scientist

Hwang Woo-suk, has been formally confirmed as an authentic genetic
copy