ABSTRAK

Pelabuhan laut merupakan tempat kegiatan lalulintas orang, barang yang

dibawa melalui alat angkut yaitu kapal. Kapal laut dapat membawa masuk dan
keluarnya penyebaran penyakit melalui lingkungan pelabuhan dengan perantara
vektor. Survei pendahuluan dari 20 kapal yang diobservasi ada 13 kapal (65%)
teridentifikasi vektor Kecoa.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan desain Cross Sectional
yang bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh faktor risiko keadaan sanitasi lingkungan pada
kompartemen kapal yaitu : Deck, kamar awak kapal, toilet, dapur dan gudang
persediaan makanan terhadap keberadaan vektor penyakit di kapal pada pelabuhan
Tembilahan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kapal yang bersandar di pelabuhan
Tembilahan. Sampel terpilih adalah kapal kargo sebanyak 54 kapal. Pengumpulan
data primer dilakukan dengan observasi langsung di kapal, sedangkan data sekunder
diperoleh dari KKP Tembilahan. Analisis data dengan menggunakan regresilogitik.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap
keberadaan vektor yaitu: toilet dan dapur kapal. Variabel faktor risiko toilet
menunjukkan pengaruh yang paling dominan, di mana faktor risiko toilet
memberikan peluang sebesar 5,5 kali terhadap keberadaan vektor.
Diharapkan kepada KKP Tembilahan agar meningkatkan surveilans faktor
risiko, pendekatan edukatif tentang alat angkut dan lingkungan pelabuhan sehat, dan
mengambil tindakan tegas terhadap kapal yang berisiko dan ditemukan vektor di
kapal. Diharapkan kepada ABK dan nakhoda kapal agar senantiasa menjaga kondisi
kapal yang sesuai dengan kreteria kesehatan. Diharapkan kepada stake holder dan
instansi terkait di pelabuhan agar mendukung tugas KKP dalam upaya cegah tangkal
penyakit menular dan berpotensial wabah yang dapat menimbulkan risiko kesehatan
masyarakat baikwilayah maupun negara.

Kata Kunci: FaktorRisiko, VektorPenyakit

Universitas Sumatera Utara

 ABSTRACT

Harbor is a facility where the traffic activity of the passengers and goods
brought by ships takes place. The ships can bring diseases in and out through seaport
environment with vector.Preliminary survey of 20 ship that are observed there are
13 ships (65%) identified cockroach vector.
The purpose of this survey study with cross-sectional design was to analyze
the influence of risk factor of the condition of environmental sanitation of the
compartments on board such as deck, crew room, toilet, galley and food storage, on
the existence of disease vector on the ships at Tembilahan harbor. The population of
this study was all of the ships mooring at Tembilahan harbor and 54 cargo ships
were selected to be the samples for this study. Primary data for this study were
obtained through direct observation on-board, while the secondary data were
obtained from the KKP Tembilahan. analyze data using logistic regression.
The result of this study showed that there was influence the highest risk factor
was found in the galley and toilet. Variable toilet gived most impact on the existence
of disease vector, which is variable toilet had a chance againt of existence of disease
vector 5,5 times.
The management of KKP Tembilahan is suggested to improve the surveillance
of risk factor, to do educative approach on healthy harbor environment and means of
transportation, and to take decisive action against the ships at risk and vector was
found on-board. The crews and the captain of the ship should always keep the
condition on-board based on health criteria. The stakeholders and related agencies
at the harbor should support the KKP tasks in an effort to prevent infectious disease
with epidemic potential that can inflict health risk to the people in the region or in the
country in general.

Keywords: Risk Factor, Disease Vector

Universitas Sumatera Utara