(Design of Cranes)

Example 1:

A single point hook is made from a 50mm M S bars with 84mm bed diameter. Calculate the
safe load that can be taken by this hook, if the design is permissible shear is limited to 160
MPa. If the hook section is changed to trapezoidal section from triangular section for the
same bar what will be the change in load carrying capacity?

SOLUTION:

160 N
all=
Given Data : h=mm, c=84mm, mm 2

(1) Parameters of crane hook:

Width of cross section:

i=0.65h

b

= 0.65*50

=32.5mm

Cross sectional area (A):

A= *50*32.5

=812.5
mm2

Inner and outer radii:

Ri=0.5C
=0.5*84=42mm

Ro=0.5C +h=0.584 +50=92 mm

Radius of neutral axis:

 N=
(biRoboRi /(h)) log e ( RoRi )(bibo)
R
bi+ bo/2

bih
/h
biRo Ro
=
n
log e
Ri
bi ( )
92

( 32.592
50 )log
94
()32.5 e

32.550/2 = 56.46mm
N =

R

Radius of centroid axis :

G=Ri+ h(bi+2 bo)

R 3 ( bi+ bo ) = Ri+h/3=42+50/3=58.66mm

Distance between centrodical axis:

G R N
e= R = 58.66-56.92= 2.2mm

(2) Resultant stress at inner surface:

RN
M= P* =P*56.46mm

RN Ri
hi= = 56.46-42=14.46mm

o RN
ho = R = 92.56-46= 35.54mm

P
i= Mho / Ae R
A o
 P56.4635.54
= 812.52292

i= 12.1*(1/1000)P

P=13.22*
103 N

(3) Resultant stress outer surface:

o= ( PA ) AeRo
Mho

P P
= 812.5 - 81.96

-160= -10.97*
103 P

P=14.5810 3 N

bi =0.65n=0.65*50=32.5mm

bo= 0.5*bi = 0.5*32.5=16.25mm

Cross sectional area:

bi+bo
A= 2 *h

(32.5+16.25)
A= 2 *50

A mm2
= 1218.75

Trapezoidal cross section:

(1) Parameters of crane hook:
Width of cross section:

bi=0.65 n=0.6550=32.5 mm

bo =0.5bi=0.532.5=16.25mm

Cross sectional area:

(bi+bo) 32.5+16.25
A= 2 *h= 2 * 50

A=1218.75 mm2

Inner & outer radii:

Ri=0.584= 42mm

Ro=( 0.5684) + 50=92 mm

Radius of neutral axis:

32.5+16.25

42
(2)50
( ( 32.592 ) ( 16.2542 ) ) log 92
50 ()(32.5+ 6.25)
N=
R

R N =61.13 mm
 Radius of centrodial axis:

R Ri+h(bi+2 bo)
G=
3(bi+bo )

50(32.5+216.25)
= 42+ 3(32.5+16.25)

G=
R 64.22 mm

Distance between centrodial axis and neutral axis:

RG RN
e= - = 64.22-61.13 = 3.092 mm

(2) Resultant stress at linear surface:

RN
M=P = P*61.13 N.m

hi RN Ri
= -

ho RO RN
= - = 92-61.13=30.87mm

bi 3
= 8.209* 10 P

3
160=8.20910 P

P=19.49103 N

(3) Resultant stress at outer surface:

P
P61.1330.87
o=
1218.75 - 148.753.09292
 P P
= 1218.75 - 183.72

3
-160= -4.6226* 10 P

P=34.612103 N

(4) Dead carrying capacity:

3
P = 19.49* 10 N

Example 2:

Determine the maximum compressive and tensile stress in the critical section of a crane
hook lifting a load of 50 Kn. The line of application of the load is at a distance of 80mm
from the inner fiber. The cross section of the hook is a trapezium with 120mm deep, inner
width is 80 mm and outer width is 40mm.

Given data:
3 3 t =25 N /mm
W = 50* 10 N , D= 80*40 mm , d= 80mm , H= 140* 10 , , F.O.S = 4
2

(assumed)

(1) Diameter of rope drum:

3
D=320d= 250* 10 mm

(2) Total load on rope drum:

Total load 3
W= No . of falls = 50* 10 N

M = w/g
 100000
= 9.81

M =1019.39 kg

M f =1019.371.2=1223.24w

Total load required :

f d=w+ M f
= 10000+1223.24= 11223.24N

Torque acting on rope drum:

f dD 11223.24251000 6
T= 2 = 2 = 14.0287* 10 N.mm

Dimension of rope drum:

t = 0.02D+8=0.02*25*1000+(8) =508mm

Inner diameter of rope:

D i=D 2t
= 25*1000-(2*508)=23904mm

Flange dia of rope drum:

D f =D +6 d=25000+480=25480

No of grove on rope:

Z
= 10000*4/ 25000 =2.509mm
Hi
g= +2
D

Z g=3 mm

d g =d+1.6=80+1.6=81.6 mm
 C g=2.5 mm
(3) Minimum clearance of rope:
Pitch of groove on rope:

Pg=dg +cg=81.6 +2.5=84.1 mm

Depth of groove on rope:

b g=0.1 d=0.180=8 mm

Length of rope drum:

2100004
+12
L =( 25000 )*84.1+L

L=1094.86 1100 mm

(4) Stress in rope drum:

Bending stress:

4
4
D Di
o


8f
b= dLD

b=1.22 N / mm 2

Tortional shear stress:

i
D 4
o D
4
23904
4 5 2
= ( 25000 4 ) = 2.78* 10 N/ mm
16 DT
1614202810625000


 Crushing stress:

f d/ N 11223.24/ 2 5
c= f
= =0.131310
FG 50884.1

Principal stresses:

bQ 2
max [ b+c
2 ] +
(
2

) +
l2

1220.13
2


= 2

[ 1.22+0.13
2
+ ]
max 3.97 N / mm 2

Maximum shear stress:

1.220.13 2
2
()+(2.78)
all=

all=8.27 N /mm 2

Safety of brake drum:

max < max<

all
and all

Example 3
Design the crane hook of a hoisting block for a maximum load lifting capacity of 10 ton. the
material for hook is forged steel for which permissible tensile may be taken as 120N/mm 2.
Choose most suitable cross section for the hook.

P= 10009.81 = 98.1 KN =12 N / MM

1 PARAMETERS OF CRANE HOOK

1 bed diameter (c)

C = bed diameter

2 throat of hook (J)

J = 0.75C

3 depth of cross section (h)

h= 0.9c mm

4 width of cross section (bi)

Bi = 0.65h = 0.65o.9c = 0.585C mm

5 parameters of cross section

R1 = 0.75h = 0.750.9 C = o.675C

R2 =0.1250.9C = 0.1125C mm

0102 = 0.125h = 0.1125C mm

6 radii of intrados and extrados

Ri = 0.5C mm

Ro = RI+h = 0.5C+0.9C = 1.4C mm

7 cross sectional area (A)

A = 1/2 hbi = 1/2 0.9C 0.585C = o.263C 2 mm

8 radius of neutral axis (Rn)

 b 1+ b 0
h

2

R0
e ( )
Ri
(b 1b 0)

biR 0b 0 Ri
RN =
( h )
log

log e
R0
(
Ri
bi ]

e ( 1.4 C
0.5 C )
0.585

0.5851.4 c
log
OR, RN= 0.9C


(0.585 C0.9 C)/2

8 radius of neutral axis (Rg)

h ( BI +2 BI )
RG = R i+ 3 (BI +@ BO) = RI+H/3 = 0.5C+0.9C/3 = 0.8C mm distance between centroidal

axis and neutral axis (e)

(2) resultant stresses

M = PRN = 981000.748C = 73378.8 mm

HI = RnRI = 0.748C 0.5C = 0.248C mm

Ho = RoRn = 1.4C0.748C = 0.625C mm

The resultant stress at inner surface i

98100 73378.8 C 0.248 C

i = P/A = Mhi/AeRi = + = 3.73105/C2 +
0.263C 0.263C 0.052C 0.5 C

26.612105/C2
 30.342 1000000
o= N/MM2
C

The resultant outer surface is

73378 C 0.652C
= P/A Mho/AeRo = 98100/0.263C 2
= 3.73105/C2
0.263C 0.252C 1.4 C

24.988/C2

o = 21.255/C2 N/MM2

(
(3) diameter of bed (C)

max = i = 30.342105/C2

120 = 30.342105/C2

C = 159.01mm or 160 mm

(4) dimension of crane hook

C = 160 mm

J = 0.75C = 0.7560 = 120 mm

H =0.9C = 0.9160 = 144 mm

Bi = 0.65h = 0.65144 = 94 mm

Ri = 0.75C = 0.675160 = 108 mm

R2 = 0.125160 = 20 mm

Ri = 0.5C = 0.5160 = 80mm

Ro = Ri+h = 80+144 = 224 mm

Example 4:
Design of 3.5 tones MS forged crane hook of trapezoidal c/s as per standards determine the
maximum stress induced in hook when subjected to design laod.
given data
pd = 3.5 tones
p = 3500 x 9.81 = 34335 N = 34.33 KN
1) Parameter of crane hook
a. bed diameter
C = 60.80 mm
b. Throat of hook
J 46.40 mm
c. Depth of c/s
h = 68.80 mm
d. Width of cross section
bi = 46.40 mm
bo = 0
Parameter of c/s
R1 = 0.75 h = 0.75 x 68.80 = 51.6 mm
R2 = 0.125 h = 0.125 x 68.80 = 8.6 mm
O1 O2 = 0.125 h = 0.125 x 68.80 = 8.6 mm
Radi of intradoes and extrabods
Ri = 0.5 c mm = 30.4mm
RO = Ri + h = 0.5 c + h
= 0.5 x 60.80 = + 68.80
RO = 99.2 mm
Cross Sectional area
A=hbp
= x 68.80 x 46.40
A = 1596.16 mm2
Radius of neutral axis
Triangular section bo = 0
b/h/2
RN
biRo Ro
h log Ri bi

46.40 / 2
RN
46.40 X 99.02 99.2
log 46.40
68.80 30.4
RN = 0.748 C mm
Radius of neutral axis
 h(bi 2bo )
3(bi bo )
Rg = Ri +
= Ri + h / 3
= 30.4 + 68.80 / 3
Rg = 53.33 mm
distance between centrodial axis and neutral axis (e)
e = Rg RN
= 53.33 0.748 x 60.8
e = 7.851 mm
Resultant stresses
M = PRN = 34335 x 45.77 = 156150 Nm
hi = RN Ri = 48.47 30.4 = 15.07 Nmm
ho = Ro RN = 99.2 45.47
ho = 53.73 mm
dimension of crane hook
C = 60.80 mm
J = 46.40 mm
h = 68.80 mm
bi = 46.40 mm
R1 = 51.6 mm
R2 = 8.6 mm
Ri = 30.4 mm
Ro = 99.2 mm
From design data hook standard dimensions selected are
C = 61 mm
h = 70 mm
J = 48 mm
bi = 48 mm