Expt. No.

Date :
Waveguide Tee junctions
Objectives:
1. To study the function of a E-plane or H-plane Tee
2. To determine scattering parameters of a E-plane or H-plane Tee

Equipment & Components required :

Reflex Klystron Reflex Klystron power supply Isolator

E or H-plane Tee Detector mount VSWR meter
Matched termination Slotted section with detector Cables & stands

Theory : A waveguide T-junction is a simple three port network that can be used for power
division or combining. These junctions are not matched perfectly at all ports. Waveguide tees may
be consists of E-plane tee, H-plane Tee or Magic Tee.

E-plane Tee :
An E-pane tee is a waveguide in which the axis of its side arm is parallel to the E filed of
the main guide as shown in figure 1. If the collinear arms are symmetric about the side arm, there
are two different transmission characteristics. E-plane tee can be perfectly matched with the aid of
screw tuners or capacitive or inductive windows at the junction, the diagonal elements of the S-
matrix S11, S22, S33 are zero because there is no reflection. When the waves are fed into side arm
(port 3), the waves appearing at port 1 and port 2 of the collinear arm will be in opposite phase and
in the same magnitude as shown in figure 2.

Figure 1 Figure 2
H-plane Tee : An H-plane tee is a waveguide tee in which the axis of its side arm(port 3) is
shunting the E-field or parallel to the H filed of the main arm as shown in figure 3. If two input
waves are fed at port 1 and port 2 in same phase, the output wave at port 3 will be additive and in
phase. On the other hand, if the input is fed into port 3, the wave will split equally into port 1 and
port 2 in phase and in the same magnitude.

Figure 3

Block diagram:

Klystron Detector VSWR

power supply Meter

Klysron Slotted Matched

Isolator Tee junction
Oscillator Section termination

Figure (4)

Procedure:
1. Set the components as shown in figure 4 without circulator.
2. Energize the microwave source for particular frequency of operation.
3. Set any reference level of power on VSWR meter with the help of gain control knob of
VSWR meter, and note down the reading (P1 in dB).
4. Insert the Tee junction as shown in figure 4 with detector to port 2 and matched
termination to port 1, without changing the position of gain control knob of VSWR
meter.
 5. Note down the reading of VSWR meter with the help of range-dB switch if required (P2
in dB).
6. Now carefully disconnect the detector from port 2 and matched termination from port 1
without disturbing the set-up.
7. Connect the matched termination to port 2 and detector to port 1 and measure the
reading on VSWR meter (P1 in dB).
8. Repeat the experiment by keeping port 2 and port 3 as input ports.
9. Scattering parameters of the Tee junction are calculated as follows

P2 P3
Port 1 as input port then, S 21 ; S31
P1 P1

P1 P
Port 2 as input port then S12 ; S32 3
P2 P2

P1 P2
Port 3 as input port then S13 ; S 23
P3 P3

Sample Observations:

I/P port O/P port 1 O/P port 2

power(dB) power(dB) power(dB)
P3= -20 P1=-25.5 P2=-25.4
P2= -20 P3=-22.6 P1=-29
P1= -20 P2=-22.6 P3=-29
Practical Observations:

I/P port O/P port 1 O/P port 2

power(dB) power(dB) power(dB)

Conclusions: