Annex

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Example: On-site Feature LocationNerification Activities

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General

Clear and documented procedures should be used to ensure the quality of the results of field verification activities.
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This annex provides a sample set of procedures that have been successfully used in prior field verifications. Other
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mutually agreed upon procedures may also be used.
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Field verications involve two different distance measures: aboveground measurements and distances as measured
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by an inspection tool. Aboveground measurements are typically made from known position of pipeline components,
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welds, or other physical items whose location relative to the pipeline location and chainage is known. |L| distances are
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determined from odometer wheel counts and represent (approximate) chainage values.
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Significant sources of errors in aboveground measurements can result from:

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effects of the topography over which the aboveground measurements are made;
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differences between the actual pipeline route and the aboveground route at (e.g. pipeline bends, etc.);
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erroneous placement or interpretation of AGMs.

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Errors in distances measured by |L| tools can result from problems with the odometer wheels due to debris, slippage,
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or sticking. |L| distances can often be recalibrated using as-built pipeline data or other information.
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Basic Procedure for Feature Location

In typical inspection reports, the location of a feature is referenced to fixed aboveground pipeline components (e.g.
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tees, YDOYHV
WHHV valves), AGMs, or RWKHU
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known UHIHUHQFHV
references. %HORZJURXQG
Below-ground FRPSRQHQWV
components DUH
are QRW
not W\SLFDOO\
typically XVHG
used for reference
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points because they cannot be easily located above ground.
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Procedure

Step )URP
6WHS 1From WKH
the LQVSHFWLRQ
inspection UHSRUW
report, LGHQWLI\
identify DQG
and GHWHUPLQH
determine WKH
the GLVWDQFHV
distances WR
to the nearest NQRZQ
WKH QHDUHVW known XSVWUHDP
upstream DQG
and
downstream reference points.
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For WKH
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example VKRZQ
shown LQ
in )LJXUH
Figure )
F1, weld #1780 WKH
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target ORFDWLRQ
location) LV
is 
604.47 IW
ft from an XSVWUHDP
IURP DQ upstream valve and
YDOYH DQG
685.30 ft from a downstream marker.
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Step 2Mark off and stake the aboveground distance from both reference points. A gap or overlap is common. The
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length of the gap or overlap is affected by the accuracy of surface measurements and the odometer counts.
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Typically, a gap or overlap is seen with a length between 0 and 1 % of the distance between the reference points. For
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the example shown in Figure C2, the gap is 9.02 ft. If a very large gap is seen, check to determine that the correct
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reference SRLQWV
UHIHUHQFH points KDYH
have EHHQ
been XVHG
used LQ
in PDUNLQJ
marking RII
off WKH
the DERYHJURXQG
aboveground GLVWDQFHV
distances. 'LVFXVVLRQV
Discussions EHWZHHQ
between WKH
the VHUYLFH
service
provider and the operator should be used if there are gaps or overlaps that are greater than the location accuracy in
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the performance specification.
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Step 3lnterpolate across the gap (or overlap) following the percentage rule using the same ratio as the distances
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to the reference points. In the example, the interpolated location is 47 % or 4.24 ft from the upstream stake.
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76

 ,IN-LINE
1/,1(,INSPECTION SYSTEMS
163(&7,216 QUALIFICATION
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A
1780 Girth Weld
6184.31 ft
A
Aboveground Marker KM 2
6869.51 ft
A K 685.30 ft ) A

Value Value
5579.84 ft \ 36131.80 ft
\ A 604.47 ft//29947.49 ft A
V

Area End Sleeve Area End Installation Attachment 1200 Clamp Clamp Clamp
5584.73 ft 5585.11 ft 5813.73 ft 6415.20 ft 6419.12 ft 6423.03 ft
A 0.38 ft A 228.62 ft A 370.58 ft 230.89 ft A 3.92 ft A 3.91 ft A

1740 Girth Weld 1750 Girth Weld 1760 Girth Weld 1770 Girth Weld 1790 Girth Weld 1800 Girth Weld 1810 Girth Weld 1820 Girth Weld

) 35.84 ft ) 38.25 ft ) 37.24 ft ) 38.28 ft 34.42 ft ) 36.38 ft ) 37.68 ft ) 37.44 ft >

Figure ))HDWXUH/RFDWLRQ([DPSOH
)LJXUH F.1Feature Location Example

valve observed gap marker

604.47 ft (47 %)

Figure )*DS,QWHUSRODWLRQ([DPSOH
)LJXUH F.2Gap Interpolation Example

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Remarks

Using both upstream and downstream reference points and interpolating gaps RURYHUODSVLQFUHDVHVWKHDFFXUDF\
8VLQJERWKXSVWUHDPDQGGRZQVWUHDPUHIHUHQFHSRLQWVDQGLQWHUSRODWLQJJDSV or overlaps increases the accuracy
with which a target feature is located.
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Targeting an upstream or downstream girth weld for an anomaly located within a pipe joint provides a ready reference
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from which to measure a short relative distance to locate t he anomaly.
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When the location of a target feature is in doubt, individual pipe joints can sometimes be identified by comparing the
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physical distance between upstream and downstream girth welds with the distance noted on the inspection report.
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The reported and actual position of the longitudinal weld can also help verify locations.
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78
 API STANDARD
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Field Data

Field data useful in validating the accuracy of the dig site location are as follows.
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a) All
D modifications applied to the original Feature Location Sheet.
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b) 6WDWLRQLQJUHIHUHQFHRIWDUJHWZHOG
E Stationing reference of target weld:

how was it derived for the |L| feature,

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how was it determined in the field.

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c) *36FRRUGLQDWHVRIWDUJHWZHOG
F GPS coordinates of target weld:

how far off the line was the coordinate,

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datum used,
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projection used (if applicable).

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Upstream and/downstream reference used for relative positioning:

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distances from target weld to upstream and/or downstream reference,

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length of gap and/or overlap respectively of the upstream/downstream distance measurements.

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e) 2EVHUYHGGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQDERYHJURXQGORFDWLRQDQGIRXQGSRVLWLRQ
H Observed difference between aboveground location and found position.

f)
I Length of the joint.
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Clock position of longitudinal weld (facing downstream: top = ERWWRP

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J 12, bottom = IRUMRLQWVXSVWUHDPDQGGRZQVWUHDP
6) forjoints upstream and downstream
of target girth weld if applicable.
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h) /HQJWKRIQHLJKERULQJSLSHMRLQWVDQGWKHLUORQJLWXGLQDOZHOGSRVLWLRQLISRVVLEOH
K Length of neighboring pipe joints and their longitudinal weld position if possible.

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Extent of pipe area investigated.