Ana Gearadze

ELA 1

Kyle Janosch

6th January

Technology is gift of god. After the gift of life it is perhaps the greatest of Gods

gift. It is mother of civilization, of arts and of sciences. - Freeman Dyson.

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According to The U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), defined

as, Nanotechnology being the understanding and the controlment of matter at

dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, being the unique

phenomena. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology,

nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter

at this length scale. Its new era for humanity. New word not only in medicine but

also almost in every field. Its productive in improving nanoparticles for

diagnostic, in DNA sequencing, development of unique drug delivery systems

and artificial receptors (Emerich and Thanos 2003). By developing small

sensitive portable devices and also by relying surface modification techniques it

makes possible to eliminate all disease at the very beginning. Nanotechnology is

building a whole new generation of biosensors. This applies, for instance, to

glucose monitoring, early diagnosis of cancer, heart attack or Alzheimers

disease. Among all of technological wonders of modernity,Today humanity

stands on verge of something new and its called Nanotechnology.

By interacting with biological molecules, therefore at nanoscale,

nanotechnology opens up a vast field of research and application. Interactions

between artificial molecular assemblies or nanodevices and biomolecules can be

understood both in the extracellular medium and inside the human cells. In

nanoscale engineering the artificial muscles is used to refer to materials that

can change their shape in response to stimuli. The mechanical movement

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created by these muscles have potential applications in everything from cancer

therapies to portable electronics. It means weve got a molecular outboard motor

that can drive other molecules around. Coming soon to our blood vessels or oil

spills everywhere. Nanotechnology is an emerging discipline which blooms a

broad area of drug delivery and targeting. It is simply getting gigantic things from

tiny world. Smart drugs and cancer treatments. involving a variety of different

nanotechnologies, is being devoted to cancer detection and cure (Zhang, 2007).

One of the main goals of using nanotechnology for medical purposes is to

create devices that can function inside the body and serve as drug delivery

systems with specific targets (Pathak and Katiyar 2007). Cancer is one of the

leading causes death worldwide and current cancer therapy strategies are based

in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Theyre invasive and produce

debilitating side effects.

Those treatments killing both cancerous and healthy cells. Nanotechnology

has potential to treat various forms of cancer by targeting only cancerous.

Researchers at Rice University have developed technique utilizing heat and

nanoparticles to kill cancer. Based on this research will be available by radiation

kill cancer cells without heating nearby non-cancerous cells (ONeal et al. 2004).

New technologies often have unexpected or unintended risk to human health.

The value of nanomaterial in many technology areas is very high because of their

versatile properties. Today some nanomaterial are already being used

commercially. For example some companies are using TiO2 nanoparticles in

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sunscreen lotions because they provide transparency to a sunscreen, and are

believed to be less toxic than the organic molecules currently used as UV

absorbers in many sunscreen formulations. Some of the items that exist today

were a topic of science fiction a decade ago and have the potential to transform

our society very quickly (Douglas Mulhall. Our molecular future)

Nanoscience and nanotechnology involve the ability to visualize and to

take control individual atoms and molecules. Everything on Earth is made up of

atoms, everything surrounding us, including the food we eat, the clothes we

wear, the buildings and houses we live in, and our own bodies. But something as

small as an atom is impossible to see, in other words, it is even unnatural to

come across an atom because it is so tiny with an naked eyes. In fact, its

impossible to see with the microscopes. The microscopes needed to see things

at the nanoscale were invented relatively recently. Once scientists had the right

tools, such as the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the atomic force

microscope (AFM), the age of nanotechnology was born.

Throughout the history, modern nanoscience and nanotechnology are

new, nanoscale materials were used for centuries. Alternate-sized gold and silver

particles created colors in the stained glass windows of medieval churches

hundreds of years ago. The artists back then just didnt know that the process

they used to create these beautiful works of art actually led to changes in the

composition of the materials they were working with. Physicist Richard Feynman,

the father of nanotechnology.

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Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of

extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such

as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering. Professor

Norio Taniguchi established the term nanotechnology. It wasn't until 1981, with

the development of the scanning tunneling microscope that could actually

visualize individual atoms, that modern nanotechnology began. With the

advancement of technologies, scientists are more in depth with nanotechnology

and can make bigger changes throughout the world.

Development of any new a technology such a nanotechnology has both

positive and negative social effects. There are many different opinions about

where this new field will take us. Many are of the opinion nanotechnology will

indeed have an impact on our society. The social implications of nanotechnology

are enormous, promising exponential advances in manufacturing, technology,

medicine. Nanotechnologies may contribute to major changes to the US and

global economy, workforce, and way of living. Applications range from new

electronic devices and the means to fabricate them to materials for health and

environmental uses. Some nanotech products are already on the market while

others are decades away from realization outside the lab. These new

nanotechnologies pose many uncertainties for society. The risks that may

accompany their use are largely unknown and their potential social and

economic effects raise questions regarding equity and fairness, many of which

are difficult to anticipate.

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In 1947 scientist invented the transistor which regulates current or voltage

flow and acts as a switch or gate for electronic signals. At this time few people

had any idea how far-ranging its application would be. Nanotechnology offer

such a wide range of possible applications and understanding their development

and also social impact will be more complex. Its nearly impossible new

technologies enter society on their own. People make technologies and decide

how they are used. The Center Nanotechnology in Society at University of

California, Santa Barbara helps general public to understand opportunities and

risks of nanotechnology.There are groups which attempting create nanotech to

solve health problems and that will benefit a much broader array of people. There

is great hope for nanotechnology future for this emerging technology appears to

be bright. In Future Technologies, Today's Choice: Nanotechnology, Artificial

Intelligence and Robotics, Arnall (2003) describes "Nanotechnology as an

enabling technology with astronomical powers that will likely have broad and

unanticipated impacts on society".

In conclusion, as you can see, according this topic, in my perspective,

nano is just beginning of the revolution and that will change all we knew before.

The old science fiction movies in near future will become the reality in modern

times. Nanotechnology gives ability of creation of object that change their forms

and have multiple purposes for example: Nokia Morph which is prototype that will

be out on market. Nanotechnology covers a lot of fields and will cover a lot more

near future. It is infinitely big and will make lot of inventions come true. As
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Richard Feynman pointed out in his lecture, ...a vision of future where one could

fabricate materials and devices at the atomic or molecular level, is here now.

REFERENCES

[1]Emerich DF and Thanos CG . 2003 Nanotechnology and medicine. Expert Opin Biol Ther,

3(4), 655-663

[2]Bozeman B, Laredo P, Mangematin V . 2007 Understanding the emergence and deployment of

"nano" S&T. Research Policy, 36(6), 807-812

[3]Introduction to Nanotechnology, Charles P. Poole & F.J. Owens

[4]Nanoscale Science and Technology, Robert Kelsall, Ian Hamley & Mark Geoghegan

[5]International journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Nokia Morph

Technology,Veenita Mathur, Jaya Raj, Keerti Chouhan,Vinita Thanvi

[6]Richard Feynman Introduces the world to Nanotechnology with Two Lectures (1959 &

1984)in Physics, Technology April 23rd, 2013

[7]Bio-inspired fabrication of antireflection nanostructures by replicating fly eyes", J.Y. Huang,

X.D. Wang and Z.L. Wang Nanotechnology, 19 (2007) 025602.

[8]Experimental Nanomechanics of one-dimensional nanomaterials by in SITU

microscopy",X.D. Han, Z. Zhang and Z.L. Wang NANO: Brief Reports and Reviews, 2 (2007)
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249271.

[9]Photo-thermal tumor ablation in mice using near infrared-absorbing nanoparticles.O'Neal

DP, Hirsch LR, Halas NJ, Payne JD, West JL.Cancer Lett. 2004 Jun 25;209(2):171-6.