A Handy Dictionary of Mythology

T H E F AM I LI AR Q UO T A T I O N S
S E RI ES OF B O O KS .
Pric e I S. c lo t h IS . 6d h a lf b o und in le a t h e r,
.
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re d e dg e s .
1 . FA M I L I A R L A TI N Q UO TA TI ON S 67 PR O VE R BS .
2 . FA M I L I A R F R EN CH Q UO TA TI ON S 67 PR O V ER BS .
3. F A M I L I A R EN GL I S H Q UO TA TI ON S .
4 . A HA N D Y CL A S S I CA L D I C TI ON A R Y .
5 . BI BL E TR U TH S WI TH S H A KS PE A R I A N
PA R A L L EL S By J B s m x mx
. . . .
6 . A HA N D Y BOOK OF S YN ON YM S CON TA I N I N G ,
A B O UT 33 , 0 0 0 EN GL I S H W OR DS .
7 . THE S E CR E TA R Y S A S S I S TA N T A N D CO R R E
S PON DE N T S G UI D E Th irt ee nt h E d it io n

. .
TO UR I S T S F R EN CH PR ON O UN CI N G HA N DBOOK

8. .
9 . R EA S ON S WH Y WE BEL I E V E THE B I BL E By .
t h e R e v J A M E S C O PLA N D M A
. , . .
10 . TA L ES F R O M S H A KS IE A R E By C H A R LE S L AM B . .
11 . A D I C TI ON A R Y OF DA I L Y BL UN DER S .
12 . R A S S EL A S By Dr J O H N S O N
. . .
13 . EL I Z A B E TH OR THE EX I L ES OF S I BER I A
, .
14 . R E 7 E C TE D A DD R ES S ES .
15 . A D I C TI ON A R Y O F E N GL I S H PR O V ER BS .
16 . PL U TA R CH S L I VES OF I L L US TR I O US M E ZV

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17 . D E Q UI N CE Y S OPI UM E A TE R
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18 . THE S TOR Y OF THE N E W TES TA M EN T By t he .
R e v A CA R T ER, M A
. . . .
19 . A D I C TI ON A R Y OF M YTHOL OG Y .
m O L U M E S,
R I PL I C A T E
C o l o ur e d e d g e s
38 ea c h
V
, . .
1 . HA N DBOOK F OR WR I TER S A N D R EA D ER S .
2 . R EFER E N CE HA N D B O OK O F Q UO TA TI ON S , E ng
lis h , F ra nc h, a n d L a t in .
L A M B S TA L ES FR OM S H A KS P E A R E , RA SSE

8 .
L A S , A N D EL I Z A BE TH .
A R EFER EN CE HA N DB O OK F OR B I BL E A N D
GEN ER A L R EA DER S .
A H A N DY
D I C T I O N A RY
M YT H O L O G Y
F OR E V E RYDAY R E A DE R S
BY T H E A UT H O R O F
A DI CT I O NA RY O F DA I LY BLUN DER S

A DI CT I ON A RY O F E N G LI S H PROV ER BS
H A N DY BOO K O F S YN O N YM S

A
E T C. E T C .
L O N DO N : W H I TTA KE R CO .
R 8: R C LA RK,
.
.
P RE F A C E
TH I S H a n dy Dic tion a ry of Myth o logy is in t en d ed to

supply t h e everyday reader with concise accounts o f
the gods and goddess e s of the ancients in an acces s
sible form .
Besides c o nfron ting us at every tu rn in the muse

ums a n d picture galleries these d eities and heroes
,
ar e c o nstantly mentioned by poets and po rtraye d

by painters and sculptors and they are used for the
,
u
p p r os e p f ill ustration in the l iterature o f the d a y .
N othing is more common than to nd the comi c

newspapers reso rti ng to Mytholog y for subjects for
their pictures ; and quite recentl y Punc h has given
us some delightful c artoons by Tenniel which apart , ,
fro m the admirab l e drawing are intensel y amus ,
ing to pe o pl e who know enough o f Mytho l og y to s ee

t h e drift of the artist Fo r example there is a car
.
,
t oo n r epresenti ng ZEa c us Minos and R hadamanthus

, ,
sitting in j udgment on the unlucky e l ectioneerin g

b ribers and underneath is the word N emesis
, .
Again there was a c apital ca rtoon representing the

,

Ju dgm ent of Pa ris in whi c h th e D uk e of R ich
7 ,
vi PREFA CD .
mond E arl Cairns and L o r d S alisbury gu re as

, ,
Juno Minerva and Venus This had reference to

, , .
the selecti on of a Cons e rvative L eader fo r the House

o f L ords and was very popular
,
I n order fully to .
enj oy similar works and to appreciate the al lusions

, ,
it is ne c essary that we sho uld be able to nd out

readily something about these mythological beings .

But to ascerta i n this something we do not want
to waste time in wading through such a number of
volumes as the compiler has used in makin g this
D ictionary even if it were possible to get access to
,
them .
I t has been a matter o f astonishment to him to nd

how many different vers i ons there ar e o f the same
fable and to s ee how oft en various writers attribute
,
t he same actions to different gods or heroes I n fact .

,
it has frequently been a d ifcult task to decide

which vers i on should be adopted which authority ,
accepted I t may therefore be desirable to state

.
that Where doubts have arisen either the various ,
versions are given o r el se Lempriere s Cla ss ica l Di c

,

t iona ry has been re ferred to to decide the questions

, .
B esides L empriere the following works with many

, ,
others o f less authority hav e b een consulted in c o m

,
pil ing thi s D ictionary

P O E T I CAL HIS T ORIES Written origi nall y in
.
F rench by the learned Jesuit P GALT R UCH I US

.
, .
Translated into E nglish by MARIUS D A SS I GN Y
B D S econd e dition , 1 6 72
. .
.1
.
PR EFA CE . vii
THE P AN T H E ON . R epresenting th e fab ul o us his

tories of the Heathen Go ds in a plain and fami
l iar method B y ANDRE W T O O KE A M 1713
. , . . .
A N E W P AN T H EON ; or Fabulous History o f ,
Heathen Gods Heroes and G o ddesse s,

By ,
.
S AM UEL B O YS E A M 1 753 , . . .
MY T H OLO G I C AL ET YM OLO G I C AL and HIS T ORI CAL

, ,
DI C T IONAR Y B y W H O WELL B D 1793

. .
, . . .
Bo wDE N s PA GAN Bu rn s 1 820

.
N ow supposin g that al l these books were acces

,
sible to the general reader it would stil l be in many

,
instances impossible for him w i thout considerable ,
labour to nd therein much of the information c o n

,
t a in ed in this Di ct i onary for some o f the bes t of

,
them hav e no index but this book is an ind e x to

,
them all .
T he proper pron u nciation of the n ames being im

port ant the accent is always marked and the ill us
,
t ra t iv e quotations from the poets have been specially

selected with the intention o f assisti ng the reader in
nding o ut the number o f syllables in a name and ,
by this means xin g the pronunciation .
I t will be seen that the compiler has not conned

hi msel f to Greek and R oman Mythology but has ,
included the more important of the E gyptian ,
S candinavian and Hindoo de i ti es references to which

, ,
o ften occur in modern literature .
Th e l imited spac e at c ommand has made it n ec es
s ar y t o be as c o n c is e as possib l e but e very nam e c on ,

.
v ii i PREF A CE .
n e c t edwith Mythology o f any note at all h a s it is

, , ,
hoped been included and care has been taken t o

, ,
avoid repetit ions as mu c h as possibl e Wh e re tw o

.
o r three names o c cur in connection with one fable ,
the tale is told on c e and reference is made to it under

,
the name of the other deities concerned therein .
There are a fe w names inserted which though not ,
stri c tly mythological are mentioned because it fre

,
quently happens that in the history of ancient heroes

there is someth ing fabulous in the tales to l d con c ern
ing them .
As to some o f the gods and heroes the H a nd y ,
Cla ssica l Dic tio na ry and Plut a rch s Lives (part of

this S eries o f Handy Books ) may be cons ulted with

advantage for ful ler information and it is hoped that
the popularity o f t hose t wo books wi ll be at l e as t
equall ed by the Dic tiona ry of M yth o logy .
A H A N DY
DI CTI ONARY OF MYTHOLOGY .
A BAS a s o n

, Meg a nira was turned i nt o a newt
of , ,
o r water lizard for deriding th e ce rem o nies of th e

-
,
S acrice .
A BS Y RTUS brothe r o f M e dea

.
,

ACH ELO US was a s o n o f Oceanus and Terra He .
had the power o f assuming all shapes and in a ,
c on i c t with Hercules he t urned himself into a

serpent and then into a bull but he was nally
, ,
defeated and he then turned himself into a river,

,
which has since been cal led Achelous .
'
ACH ERO N On e of the rivers o f the infernal regions
.
to which the spirits Of the dead reso rted and ,
waited th e re till Charon the ferryman took them

ov er .
I nfernal rivers that disgorge

I nt o the burning lake their baleful s treams .

S ad A cheron o f sorrow black and deep
, .
M IL T O N .
'
ACH IL LES was the most valiant o f the Greek her o es
in th e Troj an W ar He was the son o f Peleus
.
,
B
2 A H A ND Y DICTI ONA R Y
King o f Thessaly His mother Thetis p l unged .

, ,
him when an infant i nto t he S tygian pool whi ch

, , ,
made him invulnerable wherever t he waters h a d

washed him but the heel by which he was held
was not wetted and that part remained vulner ,
able He was shot with an arrow in the heel

.
by Paris at the siege of Troy and di e d of his

, ,
wound .

AC IDA LIA a nam e given t o Venus fr om a fo untai n
,
in B oeotia .

A C IS A S icilian shepherd l oved by the nym ph
.
,
Gal atea On e of the Cyclops who was j ealous o f

.
h im crushed h im by hurling a rock o n him

Gala t ea turned h i s blood into a ri verth e A cis at
.
the foot o f Mount E t na .
'
ACTIE ON was the son o f Arist aeus a famous hunts ,
man He i ntruded himself on D iana while sh e

.
was bat h i ng and was changed by her into a deer , ,
in wh i ch form he was hunted by his o wn dogs and

torn in pieces .

A DES s ee Hades,
.
ADO NIS the beautiful attendant o f Venus who he l d

, ,
her trai n He was k illed by a boar and turn e d

.
,
by Venus in to an anemone .
E ven as the sun with purpl e col oured fa c e -
Had t a en his last leave o f t he weeping morn

R ose cheeked Adonis hied h i m to t he chase

-

Hunting he loved but love he laughed to scorn , .
S H AKE S PE ARE .
ADR A STIE A another name o f Ne mesis o n e of the

'
, ,
goddesses o f justi ce .
ADS CR I PTI TI I DI I w e r e the g o ds o f the s ec o nd

'
grade .
0F M Y TH OL OG Y . 3
ADV E RS I TY, E chidna see .

IE A CUS one of the j udges of hell with Minos an d
, ,
R hadamanthus S ee E a c us . .
'
IECA S TOR an oath used only by wo m e n r e ferring t o
, ,
th e Temple of Castor .

ZED E POL an oath used by both men an d women
, ,
referri n g to the Temple o f Pollux .

IEGE ON a g i ant wi t h fty heads and one h u n dr ed
,
hands who was impri soned by J upit e r under

,
Moun t E tna S ee B ri areus . .
IE GI S the shi eld o f J upit er s o call e d be c a us e it was

'
, ,
m ade o f goat skin .

Where was thine ZEg is Pallas that a pp a ll d
B Y RON .
Tremendous Gorgon frown ed upon i ts eld , ,

An d cir cling terrors lled the expressive shield .

Ful l on the crest the Gorgon s head they place ,
W it h eyes that roll in death and wi t h d i s t orted ,

face . P OPE .

E GLE The fairest of the N aiads
. .
AE L LO the name o f one o f the Harpies

.
,
'
.ZEN E A S was t h e s o n of A nchises and Venus He .
was one of t he few grea t captains who escaped

the destruc ti on of Troy He behaved with great .
valour duri n g t he s i ege encoun t ering Dio me d , ,
and even A chilles h imself When the Grecians .
had set t he c i t y on re E neas took his aged father ,
Anchises o n his shoulders whilst h is son Ascanius

, , , ,
and his w i fe Creusa clung t o h i s garments He , , .
saved them all from the ames Aft er wandering .
about during several years encountering numerous ,
d i fcult i es he a t len gth arrived in I taly where he

, ,
was hosp itably rece i ved by L atinus king o f the ,

4 A H A ND Y DIC TIONA R Y
L atins After the death of L atinus IEn ea s b ec am e

.
k ing .
His back or rather burth en showe d

, ,
As if it stoop ed with it s load

'
F or as IEn e a s bore his sire

Upon his shoulders through the re ,
Our knight did bear no less a pack

Of his o w n buttocks o n h is back .
B U T LER .

IEO LUS wa s the god o f the winds Jupiter was his .
reputed father and hi s mother is said to have b e en

,
a daughter o f Hipp o t us E olus i s represented .
a s having the power o f holding t he winds conned

in a cavern and occasion ally giving them liberty
,
to blo w over the world S o much command was .
he supposed to have over them t hat when U lysses

visited him o n his return from Troy he gave him ,
tied up in a bag all the winds tha t could prevent

,
his voyage from being prosperous The compau .
ions Of U lysses fancying that the bag contained

,
t reasure cut it open j us t as they came in sight o f

,
I thaca the port they were making for and the

, ,
c ontrary winds rus hing o ut drove back the ship

many leagu es The residence o f IEo lus was at
.
S tron gyle now called St ro mb o l o

, .
E olus from his airy thr one

'Vith power imper i al curbs t he struggling winds ,

An d soundin g tempests in dark prisons b inds .
DR YDEN .
'
I ESCULA PI US the god o f ph ys io was a so n o f Apollo
, , .
He was phys i cian to the Argonauts in their famous

exped i tion to Colchis He became s o noted fo r .
his cures tha t Pluto became j ealous o f h im and ,
h e requested Jup i ter to kill him with a thunder

b olt T o r e venge his son s death Apollo sle w the
.

OF M YTH OL OG Y . 5
Cyc l ops who had forged the thunderb olt By his .
marriage w i th E pione he had t wo sons Machaon ,
and Po d a lirus both famous physicians and four , ,
daughters o f whom Hygeia the goddess o f health

, , ,
is the most renowned Many temples were .
erected in honour o f IEs c ula pius and votive ,
tablets were hung therein by people who had been

healed by him ; but his most famous shrine was
at E pidaurus where every ve y ears games , , ,
were held in his honour This god is variously .
represented but the most famous statue shows,
h i m seated on a throne o f gold and ivory His .
head is crowned with rays and he wears a long ,
beard A knotty stick is in one hand and a staff

.
,
entwined with a serpent is in the o ther while a ,
d og lies at his feet .
Thou that dost IEsc ula pius deride ,

A nd o er his gall i pots in triumph ride .
FE N T O N .
I BS ON

was father O f Jason an d was restored t o ,
youth by Medea .
IE TA a king o f Colchis wa s father o f Medea

, , .
AGAM E M

NON was the s o n o f Plisthenes and brother
o f Menelaus He was king o f t he Argi ves H i s
. .
brother s w i fe was the famous Helen daughter o f

,
Tyn d a rus king of S parta ; and when s h e eloped

,
w i th Paris Agamemnon was appo i n t ed leader o f

,
the Greeks in their expe di tion against Troy .

AGAN I P PI DE S , ame of the Muses de riv e d fr o m
a n ,
the fountain o f Aganippe .
AC I N E Us s e e A poll o

.
,

A G LA IA was o n e of the Three Graces .
'
AG NI The Hindoo god o f lightning
. .
6 A H A ND Y DI OTI ON A R Y
'
A J AX was one o f the bravest of the Greek warriors
in t he Trojan war H i s fat her was Telamon and .
,
his mother E rib oea S ome writers say t hat he was .
killed by U lysses ; others aver that he was slai n

by Paris wh i le o t hers again asser t t hat he went
m ad aft er being defeated by U lysses and killed ,
himself A no t her Aj ax son o f Oi leus also took

.
, ,
a prominent part in the Troj an War .
ALCE s TI s wife o f A dmetus who to save her hus

, , ,
band s life died in his stead and was restor e d to

, ,
l ife by Hercules .
'
AL C I DES o n e o f the names o f Hercules
, .
'
AL CM E NA the mother o f Hercules was dau ght e r o f
, ,
E le c trion a king o f Argos , .
A LE C T O was o n e o f the F uries

S he is depicted as .
having serpents instead of hair o n her head and ,
was supposed to breed pesti lence wherever sh e

went .

ALE C T R Y O N a servant o f Mars who was chan ged
, ,
by him into a cock because he d i d not warn his

master of the rising of the s un .

AL F A DUR in S candinavian Mytholog y th e S upre m e
BeingFather of all
,
AL M A MA M M O S A a name o f Ceres
'
, .
A LPH E US a river god S ee Arethusa

'
.
, .
AL TAR A structure o n which a sacrice was offer e d

. .
The earliest altars were merely heaps o f earth or

turf o r rough unhewn s t one ; bu t as the mode
o f sacricing became more ceremonious grander
altars were bu i lt S ome were o f marble and .
brass ornamented wi t h carvi ngs and ba s reliefs

,
-
,
and the corners w i th models of the heads o f ani

mals They varied in hei gh t from two feet to
.
four and some were buil t sol i d others were made

,
OF M YTH OL OG Y 7
holl o w to retain the blood o f the victims S om e .
were provided with a k i nd o f dish i n t o whi ch ,
frankincense was thrown to overpower the smell

o f burn ing fat This probably was the origin O f
.
the custom o f burning i ncense at the altar .

AM AL T HAE A th e goat which nourished J upiter
'
, .
'
AM AZ ONS were a nat i on o f women soldiers who -
lived in S cythia Hercules totally d efeat ed them

.
,
and gave H ippolyte their queen to Theseus for a , ,
wife The race seems to have been exterminated

.
after this battle .
'
AM BA RV A LI A were festival s in honour o f Ceres in ,
stituted by R oman husbandmen to purge thei r

elds A t the spring fes t ival t he head o f each
.
family led an animal usually a p ig o r ra m decked , ,
wi th o a k boughs roun d his g rounds and o ffered

, ,
milk and n e w w i ne A fter harvest t here was .
another festival at which Ceres was presented

,
with the rs t fruits of the season S ee Ceres

-
. .
A MBE R s e e Heliades
, .
'
AM BRO SIA were B acch analian fes t ival s .
'
AM I C A a name o f Venus
,
.
'
AMPH I ON was the son o f Jupiter and A ntiope He .
was gr eatly skilled in mus i c and it is sa i d that ,
at the sound o f his lute the ston es arranged ,
themselves s o regularly as to make the walls o f

the city o f Thebes .
Amphion t oo as story goes could cal l

, , ,

Obedient stones to make the Theban wall .
H ORA C E .

N ew wall s to Thebes A mphion thus began , .
W ILLIA M KIN G '
S uch strains I sing as on c e A mphi on played ,

Wh e n lis t n in g o c ks the powerful call obeyed

.
ELPH I N STON .
8 A HA ND Y DI CTIONA R Y
'
AMPH I T RI T E (or Sa la t ia ) the w ife o f N eptune was , ,
a daughter o f Ocean us and Terra S he was the .
mother o f Triton a s ea god , .
His weary chari ot sought the bowers

O f Amph i trite a n d her tending nymphs .
TH O MS O N .
AMY CUS was king o f Ba bryc ia

H e was a so n of .
N ept une and was killed by Pollux

, .

AN CIE US A son o f N eptune who left a cup o f wine
.
,
to hunt a wild boar wh i ch killed him and t h e ,
win e was untasted This was the ori gin o f the

.

proverb Th ere s many a slip twixt cup and

lip .

AN C IL IA th e t we l ve sacred shields
, Th e rst A n c ile .
was supposed to have fallen from heaven in answer

to the prayer of N uma Pomp i lius I t was kept .
with the greatest care as it was prophesied that ,
the fate o f the R oman people wo uld depend upon

its preservation An order o f pr i es t hood was
.
established to take care o f the Anc ilia and o n l s t ,
March each B yea r the shi elds were carried in pro

cession and in the eve ning there wa s a great feast
,
call ed Coen a Sa lia ris .
'
ANDR OM EDA the daughter o f Cepheus king o f the
, ,
E thiop i ans was wife of Perseus by whom sh e

, ,
was rescued when she was c h a med to a rock and

was about to be devoured by a sea monster -
.
'
ANE M ONE Ven u s changed A donis into this ower
. .
'
AN G ERO NIA otherwise V o l up ia was the g oddess who
, ,
had the power o f d i spelling an guish o f mind .
'
ANNA P EREN NA o n e o f th e rural divinities
, .
'
AN TIE US a giant who was vanquished by Her c ules
,
.
E ach time that Hercules thre w him the giant

10 A H A ND Y DI C TI ONA R Y
Greeks called him Agin eus b ecause the streets were

under his guardiansh i p and he was called Pythius ,
from having k ill ed the serpent Python Apollo is .
usually represen t ed as a handsome youn g man

wi thout beard crowned wi t h laurel and having in
, ,
o n e hand a b o w and in the other a lyre ,

Th e .
favourite res i dence o f A pollo was o n Mount Par

n a ss us a mountain o f Phocis i n Greece where he
, , ,
presided over the Muses Apollo was the ac e r e .
dited father O f several children but t he tw o mo st ,
ren o wned were IEs c ul a p ius and Ph aeton .
A pollo there w i th a im s o clever ,

S tretches his leaden bow for ever .
L LO YD 1750 , .
Wil t thou have music Hark Apollo p l ays ,

A nd twenty cag ed nightingales do s ing .
S H A K ES PEARE .
'
APOTH E OS I s The cons ec ration o f a god

. Th e .
ceremony o f d e i c a t ion .
APP LE s e e A tal a nta

,
.
'
A RA CH NE a Lybia n Princess who challenged Min
, ,
erva to a sp inn i ng con t es t but Minerva s t ruck her ,
o n the head with a spindle and turned her int o a ,
spider .
S o her disembowelled web ,
Arachne in a hall o r k i tchen spreads

, ,

Obvious to vagrant i es .
J O H N P H ILLI P S .
'
AR C A D IA a delightful country in the centre of Pe l o
,
p o nn es sus a favourite place o f the gods

, Apollo .
was reputed to have been King o f Arcadi a .
AR C AS a s o n o f Calis t r o was turn ed into a h e bea r

-
, ,
and afterwards into the constellation c alled Ursa

Minor .
AR CH ER , se e Chiron .
'
ARE OP A GI TIE the judges wh o sat at the A r e opagu s
, .
'
AREO P A G US the hill at A thens where Mars wa s tri e d
,
for murder before twelve of the gods .

A RE S The sam e as Mars the god o f war
.
, .
'
ARE T H U SA was one o f the nymphs o f D iana S he .
ed from Alpheus a river g o d and was enab l ed to

, ,
escape by being t urned by Di ana in t o a rivul et

wh i ch ran underground S he was as v i rtuous as .
s h e was beauti ful .
AR G ONAU T S This nam e was given to the fty h e r o es

.
who sailed t o Colch i s in t he shi p Argo under the

c ommand o f Jason to fetch the Golden Fleece , .

AR G US was a god who h a d a hundred e yes which
slept and wat ched by turns H e was charged by .
Juno to watch I o but be ing slai n by Mer cury , , ,
was changed by Juno into a peacock .

AR I AD NE daughter O f Minos King o f Cre t e
,
After , .
enabling Theseus t o get o ut o f t he L abyrinth by

means of a clew o f thread sh e ed w i t h him to ,
N axos where he ungra t efully deserted her ; but

,
Bacchus wooed her and m arr i ed her and the crown ,
o f seven stars which he gave her was turned in t o

a constell ati on .
ARI ON was a famous lyric poet o f M et h ymn a in th e

'
,
I sland of L esbos where he gained grea t riches by

,
h i s art There i s a pret ty fable which has made

.

t h e name of Arion famous Once when t ravell i ng .
from L esbos h i s compan i ons robbed h i m and pro ,
posed to thro w him into the s ea He en t reated .
the seamen to let h im play upon h i s harp before

they threw him overboard and he played s o sweetly ,
that the dolphins ocked round the vessel He .

12 A H A ND Y DICTIONA R Y
then threw himself into the s ea and one of the ,
dolphins took him up and carried him to Ta en a rus ,
near Corinth F or this act the dolphin was raised .
to heaven as a constellation .
'
AR I S TIE US son o f Apoll o and Cyr ene was the god
, ,
o f tr ees ; he also taught mankind the use o f

honey and how to get o il from olives H e was
, .
a celebrated hun t er His m ost famous s on wa s .
Ac taeon .
'
AR M A T A o n e o f the names o f Ven u s gi ven t o h e r
, ,
by S partan women .
'
AR T E M IS This was the Grec ian name o f D iana and
.
,
the festivals at D elphi were c a ll ed Art emesia .
AR T S and S C IEN C ES s e e Mus e s , .
'
ARUS P I C ES sacrici a l p riests , .
'
AS C AL A PH US was changed into an o wl the harb inger ,
o f misfortun e by Ceres because he informed Pluto , ,
tha t Proserp ine had partaken o f food i n the in

fern a l regi ons and thus pr e v e nted her return to ,
earth .

AS C A NIUS the s o n of IEn ea s , .
'
AS COL I A Bacchanalian feasts from a Greek word
, ,
mean ing a leather bottle The bottl es were used .
in the games to jump o n .
'
ASO P US A son o f Jupiter who was kill ed by o ne o f
.
,
his father s thunderbolts

.
'
AS SA BI N US the E thiopian nam e of J upit e r , .
Ass E s EARS see Midas

-
, .
'
A S TAR T E o n e of the E ast e rn nam e s of Venus
, .
'
AS T E RIA daughter o f Caeus was carried away by
, ,
J up i ter who assumed the shape o f an eagle

, .

AS T RE A , mother of N emesis was the goddess o f
,
justice ; sh e returned to h e aven when the e arth

becam e corrupt .
Chaste A strea ed ,

And sought protection in her n at i ve sky .
J O H N H U GH ES .

ATALA N T A was daughter o f C aeneus The ora cle .
told her that marri age would be fatal to her but , ,
b eing very beautiful sh e had many sui t ors S he

, .
was a very s wift runner and to ge t rid o f her a d

, ,
mirers sh e promised to marry any o n e o f them

,
who should outstr i p her in a race but that a ll who ,
were defeated sho ul d be slain Hippomenes how .

,
ever wi th the aid o f Venus was successful That

, , .
goddess gave him three golden apples one o f ,
which he dropped whenever A talan t a caught up

to hi m in the race S he stopped to p i ck t hem
.
up and he was victorious and marri ed her They

,
.
wer e both afterwards turned into lions by Cybele ,
for profaning her temple .
'
A TE The goddess of revenge also called the goddess
. ,
of disco rd and all evil S he wa s banished from

.
heaven by her father Jupiter .

With At e by his side come hot from hell .
S HAK ES P EARE .

AT H E NA a name obtained by Minerva as the tut e
,
l ary goddess o f Athens .
AT LAS was King o f Mauritania now Moroc c o in

, , ,
Africa He was also a great astronomer He is

. .
dep i cted w i th the globe on hi s back h i s n ame ,
signi fying great to i l o r labour Fo r h i s inh o s pi

.
t a lity to Perseus that k ing changed hi m i nto the

mountai n wh i ch bears h i s name o f A tlas A chain .
o f mounta i ns in A fr i ca is call ed aft er h i m and s o ,
is the Atlantic Oce an He had seven daughters

.
14 A HA N D Y DIC TIONA R Y
by his wife Pleion e they were call ed by o n e com

,
mon name Ple i ades ; and by his Wife IEt h ra he

,
had seven more who were in the same manner

, , ,
called Hyades B o t h the Pleiades and the Hyades

.
are celes t i al constella ti ons .
AT REUS t he t ype of fraternal hatred His dislike

'
.
,
o f h i s bro t her Thyestes went to the exten t o f

kill in g and roas t i ng h i s n ephews and inv i tin g ,
their fa ther to a feas t whi ch Thyes t es thought

,
was a S i gn o f reconciliat ion bu t he was the victim ,
o f his bro t her s detestable cruelty

.
Medea mus t not draw her murdering kni fe ,

N or Atreus there his horrid feast prepare .
L ORD ROS C O MM ON .
'
AT RO P OS one of the three sisters called Th e F a t es
, ,
who held t he shears ready t o cu t the thread o f life .
A TY S son o f Croesus was born dumb but when in

, , ,
a gh t he saw a soldi er about to ki ll t he king he ,

gai ned speech and cri ed o ut ,
S ave t he king ' ,
a n d the str i ng t ha t held h is tongue was broken .
'
A TY S was a you t h beloved by Aurora and was slain ,
by her fa t her but according to Ovid was after

, , ,
wards turned into a pine tree -

.
'
AU G E AS a king o f E l i s the owner o f the stabl e
, ,
wh i ch Hercules cleansed aft er three thousand oxen

had been kep t in i t for t h irty years I t was cleansed .
by turn ing the r i ver Alpheus through i t Augaea s .
prom i sed t o gi ve Hercules a ten t h par t of his cattle

for his trouble bu t for neglect ing to keep h i s pro
, ,
mise Hercules S ho t h i m
, .
AU G UR Y
'
This was a means adopted by t he R omans
.
o f form i ng a ju d gmen t of fu t ur i t y by t he i ght o f
birds and the o fciating pries t was called an

,
au gur .

AURO RA, the goddess of the morning,

W hose rosy ngers o p e the gates o f day .
S he was daughter o f S ol the s un and was the , ,
mother of t he stars and winds S he is represented .
as r i ding in a splend i d golden chariot drawn by

whi te horses The goddess loved T i thonus and
.
,
b egged the gods to grant him immort ality but ,
forgot to ask at t he same t ime that he sho ul d not

get o ld and d e crepit S ee Ti thonus . .
S O soon as the all cheering sun -
S hould i n the fa rthest east beg i n t o draw

, ,

Th e shady c urtains o f Aurora s bed
.
S H A K ES PEARE .
'
AUS TER th e south wind a s on o f Jupiter
, , .

AVER NUS a poisonous lake referred to by poet s as
, ,
be i ng at the entrance o f the i n fernal regions but ,
it was really a lake in Campan i a i n I taly .
AV E RR UN CUS D E US a R oman god wh o c oul d d ive r t

, ,
peop l e from evil doing .
AX E, see D aedalus .
BA AL a god o f th e Phoe nicians

, .
'
B A AL P E OR, a Moabitish god, associated with li c eu
-
t io us n es s and obs c enity The modern nam e is .
Belph eg or .
B A BES , see R umina D ea .

B A C CH AN T ES The p riest e ss e s of Ba cc hus
. .
B A C CH US the god o f wine was the son o f Jupiter

, ,
and S emele He is sai d to have marr ied Ari adn e

.
,
daughter o f Min e s King of Crete after s h e wa s

, ,
deser ted by Theseus T he most d is t inguished o f

.
his c hildren is Hymen the god o f marriag e ,

.
Bacchus is so metimes referred to under th e nam e s

of D ionysius Bifo rmis Brisoeus I acchus L en aeus
, , , , ,
Lyc eus Li ber and Liber Pater the symbol o f

, , ,
lib erty The god o f wine is usually represented

.
as crowned with vine and ivy leaves I n his left .
hand is a thyrsus a k i nd o f j avelin having a r , ,
cone for the head and being encircled with ivy or ,
vine His chariot is drawn by lions tigers o r

.
, ,
panthers .
Jo lly B ac chus god o f pleasure , ,
Char me d the world with drink and danc e s

.
T P ARNELL 1 700 .
, .
'
BA LI OS A famous horse given by N eptu ne to
.
Peleus as a wedding pr e sent and was afterwards ,
g i ven to Achill es .
B AR K ER see A nubis ,
.
BA S S A R I DE s

The priest e ss e s o f Ba cc hu s w er e s o me
.
tim es s o called .
B ATT LE s ee Valhal la
, .
B EAR s e e Calis t ro
,
.
B EAU T Y s ee Venus ,
.
B EES see Mell o n a

,
.

BE LI S A M A a goddess of th e Gau ls
, T h e nam e m e ans .
the Q ueen o f Heaven .

B ELLER O PH O N a hero who destroyed a monster
,
called the Chim aera .
'
B ELLO NA the goddess of war and wife o f Mars The
, ,
.

24t h March was called B ellona s D ay when her ,
votaries cut themselves with knives and drank

the blood of the sacrice .

I n Dirae s and in D iscord s steps Bel lona tr e ads ,

An d shakes her iron rod above their heads .

B U BO NA , goddess of herdsm e n , o ne of th e r ural
d ivinities .
'
B UD DA H . A
pagan deity th e Vishnu of the Hindoos , .

B YB LIS A niece of S ol mentioned by Ovid S he shed
.
, .
s o many tears for unrequited l o v e that sh e was

turned into a fountain .
Thus the Ph oeb eia n Byb lis sp e nt in tears , ,
B ecomes a living fountain which yet bears ,

Her name OV ID
. .
CA B I R I
. T he mysterio u s rites conne c t e d with the
worsh i p o f these deities were s o obscene that most
writers refer to them as se c rets which it was nu
l awful to reveal .
'
CA C ODIE M ON Greek name of an evil spirit . .
'
CA C US a thre e headed monster and robb er
,
-
.
CAD M US o n e of the earl i est o f the Greek demigods

.
,
H e was the reputed inventor o f letters and his ,
alphabet consis t ed o f six t een letters I t was Cad .
mus who slew the B oeotian dragon and sowed its ,
teeth in the ground from e ach of which spran g ,
up an armed man .

CADU C EUS The rod c arried by M e r cury I t has
. .
two winged serpents entwined round the top end .
I t was supposed to possess the power o f producing

sleep and Milton refers to it in Pa ra d ise L ost
,

as the opiate rod .
'
CALIS T RO an A rcad i an nym ph who was turned into
, ,
a sh e bear by Jupiter -
I n that form she was .
hunted by her son Area s who would have killed ,
her had not J upiter turned him into a h e bear -

.
Th e nymph and her s o n form the constellations

known as th e Great Bear and L ittl e B e ar .

CALL I OPE Th e Mus e who pr e sided over epic p o etry
.
and rhetoric S he is gen erally depi c ted using

.
a sty lus an d wax tab l ets the an c i e nt wr iting ,
m at e rials .
'
CAL P E On e o f th e pill ars o f Her cul e s
. .
'
CALYP SO was queen o f the island o f Ogygia on ,
which U lysses was wrecked and where h e was ,
pers uaded to remain seven years .

C A MA Th e I ndian god o f l ove and marriage
. .
'
C A M IL LUS a name o f M e rc u ry fr om h is o fce o f
, ,
mml st er to the gods .

C A N A CH E . The nam e of one of Ac tae o n s ho u nds .
'
CAN O BA . The I ndian A po ll o .

CAN O P US The E gyptian god o f wat e r the c o n
.
,
uero r o f re
q .

C AP IS or CA P ULA A peculiar c up with e ars u sed .
,
in drinking the h e alth o f the deities .
CAPI TOLI N US A name o f Jupiter, from t h e

. Capitoline
hil l, o n the top o f whi c h a templ e wa s built and
de di cated to him .
CAP R I

Pan the Egipa n s the S atyrs an d
'
PE DE S .
, , ,

F auns were s o called from having goats feet
,
.

CAPR OTI NA . A name of J uno .
C ASSANDRA , a daughter Priam and Hecuba who of ,
was g ranted by Apollo the power o f seeing in to

fu tur i ty but having o ffended t hat god he pre
,
vented people from believing her predi ctions .
C ASSI OP E IA The E thiopian queen who s et her

.
beauty in comparison with that o f the N ereides ,
who thereupon chain e d h e r t o a ro c k and left her

to be de v oured by a s ea mo n s t er but sh e wa s ,
delivered by Perseus .

CAS T A LIA On e of the fountains in Mount Parnassus
.
,
sacred to the Muses .
'
C AS T A LI DES a name of the Muses fr o m th e fo untain
, ,
Castalia o r Ca st a lius .

CAS T OR s o n o f Jup i ter and L eda twin broth e r o f
, ,
Pollux n oted for his ski ll i n horsemansh i p H e

, .
went with Jason in ques t o f the Golden Flee c e .
'
CAU T E RE in Mohammedan mythology is the lake
, ,
Of parad i se whose wa t ers are as sweet a s honey

, ,
as cold as snow and a s clear as crystal and any

,
b eliever who tastes thereof is sai d to thirst no

more .
CE L E N O was o n e o f the Harpies progenit or o f

,
Z ephyrus the wes t wind ,

.
CEN T AUR

A huntsman who had the for e part l ik e
.
-
a man and the remai nder o f t he body like a horse

, .
The Cen t auri l i ved i n Thessaly .

CE P H ALUS was married t o Procris whom he ac c i ,
dentally slew by shoo t ing her while s h e was ,
secretly watching h i m b e t hi nking S he was a wild ,
beast Cephalus was t he type o f constancy

. .
'
CERAU NIUS A Greek name o f Jupiter meaning The
.
,
Fulminator fro m his thunderbol t s , .

CER BERUS Pluto s famous three headed d og which
.
-
,
guarded the gat e of t he i nfernal regi ons prevent ing ,
t he l i ving fro m enter i ng and the i nhabitants from ,
go i ng o ut .
Three headed Cerberus by fate

-
,
Pos t ed a t Plato s i ron gat e
L ow crouch i ng rolls h i s haggard ey e s ,

E cstatic and foregoes h is pr i ze
,
.
C ERE MONIES, s ee Themis .

C E RES daughter of S aturn , the godd ess o f agri
,
'
cul ture and of the fru i ts Of ear t h S he taught

, .
T riptolemus how to grow corn and sent hi m to ,
teach the inhab i tants o f the ea rth S he was .
known by the names o f Magna D ea Bona D ea , ,

Alma Ma mmo sa and Th es mo rph o n is Ceres was, .
the mother o f Prosperine S ee A mbarvali e . .
To Ceres bland her annual rites b e paid ,
On the green tu rf beneath the fragrant Sh

L et all the hinds bend low at Ceres shrine
Mix honey swe e t for her wi t h m ilk and m ell o w

wme
.
T hrice lead the v ictim the n e w fruits around ,
On Ceres c all and Choral hymns reso und

, .
Cer e s was sh e who rst o ur furrows ploughed ,

W ho gav e sweet fruits and ev e ry good allowed .
P OP E .
'
C ES T US th e girdl e o f V e n us which e x c ite d irre sistib le
, ,
a ffection .

C HA OS all eg o rically repr e sented the confused m ass
of matter supposed to have existed b efore the
creat i on o f the world and o ut o f which the worl d ,
was fo rm ed .
Behol d the t hro n e

Of Cha o s an d his dark pavilion spread
,
Wide on the wasteful deep wi t h him enthro n e d

S at sable vested N ight eldest o f all thin gs
-
, ,
The c o nsort o f his re i gn

M IL T ON . .
C H AR ON was the s on o f N o x and E rebu s

'
He was .
the fe rryman who conveyed the spirits of the dead ,
in a boat over the rivers Acheron and S tyx to

,

th e E lysian Fields Charon s toll was a c o in
.
22 A H A ND Y DI CTIONA R Y
put into the hands of th e d ea d w ith whi c h t o pay

th e gr im ferryman .
From the dark mansions of the dead ,

Where Charon with his lazy boat

F erries o er L ethe s sedgy moat

.

C H AR YB D IS A dangerous whirlpool o n th e c oast o f
.
S icily Pers o ni ed it was supposed to have been

.
,
a woman who plundered travellers but was at last ,
killed by Hercules S cylla and Cha rybdis are

.
generally spoken o f t o ge t h e r to repre sent al t e r

n ative dangers .

Charybdis barks an d P o lyp hemu s roars ,
.
F RAN C I S .
CH E M OS

The Moabitish g od o f war
. .
CH ILDREN s ee N un din a, .

CH I MIE RA A wild illusion personied in the mo n
.
,
ster slain by B ellerophon I t had the head and .
breast of a lion the body o f a goa t and the tail o f

, ,
a serp e nt I t used to vomit r e

. .

An d on the craggy top

Chimera dwells with lion s face and mane
, ,

A goat s rough b o dy and a s e rpent s train

.
P O PE .

First dire Chimera s conquest was e nj o yn ed
, ,
A m i ngled monster o f no mortal kind .
B ehind a dragon s ery tail was S pread

,

,

A goat s rough body bore a lion s head

,
Her p i tchy nostri ls aky ames expire ,

Her gaping throat em i ts infernal re .
M IL T ON .
'
C H I RO N the c entaur who taught A chilles hunting
, ,
music and the us e o f med i cinal herbs J upit er

,
.
placed h im amo ngst the stars where he appears as ,
S a ggit a rius th e Archer .


C H LO RIS Th e Greek nam e o f Flo r a th e go d dess
.
,
o f ow e rs .
C H OU A n E gyptian god c orresp o nding t o th e

.
R oman Hercules .
'
C H RO NOS Time the Grec ian nam e o f S aturn
.
, .

CI L LAR OS, Cyll a ro ss ee .
C IR C E ,

daughter o f th e S un
The knowledg e o f .
poisonous herbs enab l ed her to destroy her h us

band the King o f the S armatians for wh i ch act
, ,
s h e was ban i shed When Ulysses landed at IEc ea .

,
where sh e lived she turned all his followers into ,
sw me .
'
CI S SE TA Th e nam e of one of Ac taeon s hounds
. .

CI TH E R I DE S A nam e of th e Muses from Mo unt
.
,
Cit h ero n .
'
C LI O . the Muses daughter o f Jupiter and
On e o f ,
Mnemosyn e S he presided over hist o ry . .
'
CLOACI NA Th e R oman godde ss o f s ewers
. .
'
CLO T H O was o n e o f the Fate s S he was pres e nt at .
births and held the d ist a from which was spun

,
th e thread o f l i fe S ee Atropos and L achesis . .
'
C L OWNS 0 F LY C IA TH E were changed into frogs , ,
by L atona because they refused to allo w h e r t o

,
drink at o n e of their streamlets .
'
CLU A CI N A A name o f Venus given to her at th e tim e

.
,
o f the reconciliati on o f the R omans and the

S abin es which was ratied near a statu e o f the
,
goddess .

C LY T E M NES T RA wife of Agamemnon sl ew her hus , ,
b and and married IEgist h us S he a t temp t ed to .
kill h er s o n Orestes but he was delivered by his ,
sist e r E le c tra who sent him away to S t rophius ,

.
24 A H A ND Y DICTION A R Y
He afterwards returned and Sl ew both Clyt em

n estra and IEg is t h us .

C L Y T IE A nymph who got herse l f changed into a
.
sunower because her love o f Apollo was un re

quited I n t he form o f this ower sh e is stil l
.
supposed t o b e turning towards S ol a name o f ,
Apoll o .
CNE PH I n E gyptian mytho l ogy the c re at or o f t he

.
un iverse .

C OCY T US the river of L amentati o n On e of th e v e
,
.
rivers o f the infern al regi ons .
I nfernal rivers that disg o rge

I nto the burn i ng lake t heir baleful s t reams .
Cocy t us named o f lamentation loud , ,
Heard on the rueful stream

M IL T O N . .

C(E CULUS a violent robber was a s o n of Vulcan
, , .
CCE LUS also called Uranus (or Heaven ) was the most
'
, ,
ancient o f the gods .
C(E NA SA LI A R I S see Ancilia

.
,
'
COLLI NA was o n e o f the rural deities th e g o d de ss of ,
h i lls .
CO M ED Y s ee Thalia ,
.
C O M US was the god o f r e vel ry

'
He preside d over .
en t ertai nments and feasts .

C ON C ORD The symbol o f Con c ord w as two right
.
hands j oined and a pomegranate , .

CON C OR DIA The goddess o f peace On e o f the oldest
. .
R oman goddesses S he is represen t ed as hold ing .
a horn o f plenty in o n e h a n d and in the other a ,
sceptre from which fruit is sprouting forth

, .
C ONS T AN CY see Cephalus , .
CON SU A LI A Games sa c r e d t o N ept un e

'
. .
26 A HA ND Y DIC TI ONA R Y

CU P ID , th e go d o f l ove was the son o f J upit e r an d ,
Venus He is represented as a naked winge d

.
,
boy with a bow and a rrows and a torch When

, ,
.
he gr ew up to be a man he married Psych e .
F o r Venus did but boast o n e only s o n ,
An d rosy Cupid was that boasted o n e

He un c o n t ro ll d t hro heaven e xtends his sw ay
,

, ,
An d gods and goddesses by turns obey .
EUS DE N , 1 713 .
'
C UV E RA Th e I ndian go d o f wealth correspon ding
.
,
to the Greek Plutus .
'
CY BELE The mother of the gods and hence c all ed
.
,
Magn a Mater S he was w i fe o f S aturn S he is . .
sometimes referred to under the names o f Ceres ,
R hea Ops and Vesta ,

S he is represented as
, .
ridi n g i n a chari ot drawn by l i ons I n o n e hand .
s h e holds a sceptre and in the other a key On , .
her head is a c astel l ated crown to notify that Sh e ,
was the rst to protect castles and walls with

towers .
N or Cybe l e with hal f so kind an eye

S urveyed her sons and daughters o f the sky .
DRY DE N .
Might sh e the wise L atona be ,
Or t he towered Cybele ,
Mother of a hundred gods ,

Juno dares not give her odds .
M IL T ON .

C Y C L OP S or C Y C LO PES were the gigantic one eye d ,
-
workmen o f Vulcan who made Jove s thunder ,

bol t s Hesiod gives their names as Arges Brontes

.
, ,
and S teropes .
Meantime the Cyclop raging with his wound, ,
S preads h i s wide arms and searches round and ,

round P O PE
. .
OF M YTH OL OG Y .
C YG NUS th e b o som fri e nd of Ph a t on

,
He died o f .
grief o n the death of his friend and was t ur ned

,
into a swan .
CYLL A R OS one of Castor s horses

,
Th e colo u r is
.
mentioned as being coal black with whit e l egs -

,
and tail S ee Cilla ros . .

CYL LO The name o f o n e o f Ac tae o n s ho unds w hi c h
'
.
,
was lame .

CYLLOP OTE S A name given to o n e o f Ac t ae o n s
.
hounds which limped .

CY N OS URE On e o f the nurses o f Jupiter t urn e d by
.
,
th e god into a consp i cuous constellation .
Towers a n d battlements it sees

B osomed high in tufted trees ,
Where perhaps some beauty lies ,

Th e Cynosure Of neighbouring eyes .
M IL T ON .

C YP ARIS SUS A boy o f whom Apollo was very fond
.
and when he died he was changed at Apollo s in ,

t erc es s io n into a cyp ress tree the bran c hes o f

, ,
which typify mourning .

CY P RESS s ee Cyparissus , .

CY P RIA A name o f Venus be c aus e she was w o r
.
,
shipp e d in the is l and o f Cyp ru s .
'
CY T H ERA A name o f Venus from the isl an d to
.
,
which s h e was wafted in the shell .
DACTY LI were p riests '

of
Cybele They were given .
the name because , ,

like th e ngers they were ,
ten in number .
DIE D A LUS wa s a great archi tect and sculptor He

.
i nvented the wedge the axe the level and the , , ,

g im l et and was the rst to ,

use sails D ae d a l u s .
also cons t ructed t he famo us l abyrinth for Minos ,
Ki n g o f Crete S ee I carus . .
N ow D aedalus behold by fate assigned , , ,

A task proportioned to thy mighty mind .
P O PE .
'
D A G ON A god of the Philistines half man half
.
,
s h like t he mermaid
,
M i l t on describ e s him as .

Upward man and downward sh .
DA H A K
'
. The Persian devil .
DA I TYA S
'
I n H indoo mytho l ogy th e d e vil s o r evil
.
gods .
D AN IE was a daughter of A crisius and E urydi c e

.
S he had a son by Jupi t er who was drifted o ut to ,
s ea in a boat but was saved by Po l yd e c t es and ,
edu c ated .

D ANA IDES see D anaus , .
DANA US Ki n g of A rgos was the father of fty

'
, ,
daughters who all but o n e at the command o f , , ,
their father slew the i r husbands directly after ,
marriage Fo r this cri me they were condemned .
to the t ask o f for ever trying to draw wa t er with

vessels wi thout any bottoms S ee Hypermn e stra . .
DAN C IN G , s ee Terpsichore .
DAN G ERS see S cylla ,

.
DA PH NE The goddess o f the earth A poll o courted

'
. .
her but sh e ed from h i m and was at her own

, , ,
r e qu est turned into a laurel tree ,

.
As D aphne was

R oot bound that ed A pollo -
, .
M ILT ON .
'
D AR DANUS a son of J upiter who built the c ity o f
, ,
D ardania and by some writers was accounted the

,
founder Of Troy .
D EAD T OLL,
-
s ee Char on .
D EA T H , see N ox .
D E CE IV E R, TH E , s ee A paturia .
DEIANI RA d aughter of (En eus , was w ife o f H e rc ule s

, .
S ee Her cules .

D E LOS a ame,
n of Apo ll o from th e island in which
,
h e was born .
DEL PH I A town o n Mount Parnassus famous for

'
.
,
it s oracl e and for a temple o f Apollo S ee D elphos

, . .
DE L PH I CUS

. A name of Apollo , from D elphi .
DEL PH OS the place where the templ e was buil t fro m

'
,
which the oracle o f Apollo was g i ven .
DE M ARUS

. The Ph oen i cian name of Jupiter .
DE M OG OR G ON was the ty rant g enius o f the soil o r

earth the l ife and support o f plants He was de

, .
p ic t e d as an o l d ma n covered wit h moss and was ,
sai d to live undergroun d He is sometimes called .
the king o f the elves and fays .
Wh i ch wast begot in Demo g o rg o n s hall

A nd s a w s t the secrets o f the world unmade .
S P EN C ER .
DE UCH A LI ON o n e o f the demigods son o f Pro

, ,
met h eus and Pyrra He and his wife by making .

,
a ship surv ived the deluge which Jupiter sent o n

,
the earth circa 1 503 B C , .
D E VI L, s ee D ahak , Da it ya s, and Oba mb ou .

D I ANA, goddess of hunting and o f chas t ity S h e

'
.
was the sis t er o f Apollo an d daughter of Jupite r ,
and L atona S he was known amongst the Greeks

.
as D iana o r Phoebe and was honoured as a triform,
goddess A s a celestia l divinity she was called

.
L una ; as a terrestrial D iana or D i c tynna ; and in

the infernal regions He c ate .
D I C TY N NA a Greek nam e of D iana as a t e rr e strial

,
g o ddess .
DI DO A daught e r o f Be l us King o f Tyr e It

. , .
was this princess who bought a piece o f land in

A frica as large as could be encompassed by a

bullock s hide and when the p urchase was com
,
p l et e d cut
,
the h i de int o stri ps and s o secured ,
a l arge tra c t o f land Here sh e buil t Car .
t h a ge ; and Virg il tel l s that when IEn ea s was

shipwrecked on the n eighbouring coast s h e re ,
c eiv ed him with ev e ry kindness and at l a st fel l ,
in love with him B ut I En ea s did not rec ip ro.
cate her affections and t h i s so g rieved her ,
that sh e stabbed herself A tale is told in F a c etioe .
Ca n ta brigienses of Professor Porson who being o n e ,
o f a s et arty the conversation t urned o n the s ub

p ,
j cet o f punning when Person observi ng that he

,
could pun on any subj e c t a person present deed ,
him to do s o on the L atin gerunds di d o d a m , , , ,
which however he immediatel y did in the fo ll ow

, ,
in g adm i rable couplet

When D ido found I En ea s woul d not come ,
S h e mourn ed in silence and was Did o d umb

, .
'
D I ES P A T ER o r Father of the D ay a name o f
, ,
Jupiter .
DI I S E LE C TI composed the second class o f go d s

.
They were Coelus S aturn Geni us Orerrs S ol , , , , ,
Bac chus Terra and Luna , , .

A

D IN D YM E NE name o f Cybele fr om a mountain
.
,
where sh e was worshipped .
N or D indymene nor her priest p os s est , ,
Can with t heir sounding c ymbals shake t h e breast

Like fu rious anger F RAN C IS . .
D I OM E DES the cruel tyrant o f Thrace who fed his

, ,
mares on the esh o f his g u ests was overcome by ,
Her cules and was giv e n to the sam e horses as food

, .
D I O NE A poetic name o f Venus

. .
'
D ION Y SIA were festivals in hon our o f Bacchus .
DIONY SIUS A name o f Ba c chus either fro m his

'
.
,
father Jupiter (D ios ) o r from his nurses th e , ,
nym phs c alled N ys eae .
DI OS a nam e o f Jupit e r
'
,
.
DIOS C URI '

Castor and Pollux th e sons of Jupit e r
.
, .
DI RIEN A name of the Furies

. .
DI S A nam e of Pl uto god of hell S ignifying rich e s

.
, , .
That fair eld

Of E nna where Proserpine gathering ow e rs
, ,
Herself a fairer ow e r by gl oo my Di s ,
Was gathered
M IL T ON
. .
DIS C ORD see A te , .

D IS C OR DIA sister of N emesis the Furies and D eath
, , , ,
was driven from heaven fo r havin g sown dis c ord

amongst the gods .
DISEASES s ee Pandora , .
D I S TAF F s ee Pall as ,
.
D OD O NA was a cel ebrated ora cle of J upiter

.
0 where D odona is thine aged g r ove, , ,
Prophetic fount a n d oracle divine ,
B Y R ON .
DODON IE US A name
. of J upiter fr o m th e c ity o f
,
D odona .
DOG s ee L ares
,
.

D OLA BRA Th e knife u s e d by th e p ri e sts t o c ut u p
.
the sacrices .
'
D OL PH IN s ee Arion , .
'
D O OR G A A Hindoo godd e ss
. .
D O RIS was daughter of Oceanus and sist e r o f Ner e u s

, ,
of the marine deities Fro m these two S isters

t wo .
sprang the several tribes of water nymphs .
DO TO '
On e of the N ereids or sea nymphs
. .

D RA C O '
On e o f A ct aeon s hounds
. .
D RA G ON seven headed se e Geryon

,
-
, .
D REA M S s ee Morpheus
,
.

D R Y ADS were rura l deities , the nymphs o f 'the
forests to whom their votaries offered oil milk,
, ,
and honey .
F lushed with resistless charms he red to l ov e

E ach nymph and little D ryad o f the g rove .
TI C KN ELL .
'
D U M B NESS , s ee A tys .
DW E UR '
GA R . S candin avian god of th e Echo a
131n
E ACUS son of Jupiter and

, Egin a , of the j u dges
one
ofthe i nfernal regi ons wh o , was appointed to j udge
the E uropeans S ee IEa c us . .
EAR T H, s ee Ant aeas .

EB LIS , the Mohammedan evil geniu s .
34 A H A ND Y DI CTI ON A R Y
'
EGI P A N S were rural deities who inhabite d the forests
and mountain s t he upper hal f of the body being
,
l i ke that o f a man and t he lower hal f like a goat , .

E G IS was t he shield o f Minerva I t obtained it s .
name because it was covered with the skin o f

the goat Amalthaea which nourished J up i te r , .
S ee E gis .
ELEUSIN IAN MY S T ERIES

R eli gio u s rites in h o n our .
o f Ceres performed at E leusis in A tti c a

, .

EL Y S IU M or the E L Y SIAN F IELDS
, The tem p orary .
abode o f the just in t he infernal regi ons .

EMPY RE AN TH E The fth heav e n the s e at o f th e
, .
,
heathen dei t y .

END YM I ON A shepherd who acquired from J upiter
.
,
the fac ulty o f being al ways young On e o f the .
lovers of D iana .
EN T ER T AIN M EN T S s ee Comus , .
EN VY s ee Fu ri es , .
EN Y O was the Grecian name o f Bellona th e go d dess ,
of war and cruel t y .
E OLUS see H ol us

.
,
E Os

The Grecian name of Aurora
. .
On e o f the four horses which drew th e

E OUS .
chariot of S ol the s un The word is Gre ek and ,

.
,
means red .
EPH IAL TES A giant who lost his r i ght eye in an

'
.
encounter wi t h Hercules and the left eye was ,

'
destroyed by Apollo .
ER A T O On e of t he Muses the patroness o f light

.
,
poe t ry s h e pres i ded over t he tri umphs and com

plaints o f l overs and is generally represented as ,

c rown ed with roses and myrtle and ho lding a lyre ,
in her hand .

ER E BUS , s on o f
Chaos one o f the gods of Hades , ,
sometimes all u ded t o a s r e present i ng th e infernal

regions .
A
'
ER GA T I S name give n to Minerva I t means th e
. .
work woman and was given to t he goddess b e

-
,
c ause she was credited wi t h having invented

spinn ing and weavi n g .

ERI C TH EUS , fourth Kin g of A thens was th e , son o f
V ulcan .
'
ER I N A Greek name o f th e
N YS . Furies . I t m e an s
D isturber o f the Mind .
'
ER I S I OH TH ON was punished w ith perpetual hunger
because he d e led the groves o f Ceres and cut ,
d o wn one of the sacred oaks .
od

ER S
O . The Greek g of love .

ER OS TRATUS The rascal who burnt the temple o f
.
D iana at E phesus thereby hoping t o make his ,
name immo rt a l .
ERYC name of Venus from Mount E ryx in

INA . A ,
S i c il y .

E RYTH RE OS The . Gr e cian name of one of the hors e s

o f S ol s chariot .
'
ES CULA PI US, see E sc ul a pius .

E TA, see IEt a .
E T H ON o n e o f the horses wh o drew the chariot o f

,
S ol the s un The word is Greek and s ignies .

,
h ot .
ET vol c anic mountain , ben e ath which

NA . A ,
a o
c or d ing to Virgil there is bu ried the giant T yph o n

, ,
wh o br e athes forth devouring ames .

EU DR OM OS . The name of o n e of Act aeon s h ounds .
one of the names of Apollo

EU LAL ON , .
EU M EN IDES a name o f the Furies meaning mild

, , ,
and referring to the time when they were approved

by Minerva .

EU PH R O S Y NE , on e o f
the three Graces s ee Gra c es , .
Come thou goddess fair and free ,

I n heaven ycleped E uphrosyn e .
M I L T ON .
E U RUS

. The c a s t wind A s o n o f H ol us . .
EUR Y ALE
'
was o n e o f the Gorgons d aught e r o f ,
Ph orc us and Ceto .
EUR YD I C E wife o f Orpheus who was killed by a

, ,
serpent o n her wedd i ng n ight .
N or yet the golden verge o f d a y begun ,
When Orpheus (her unhappy lord ) ,
E uryd i ce to life restored ,

A t once beheld and lost and was un done , , .
F LE WI S . .

EURYTH I ON A seven headed dragon
. S ee Geryon -
. .

EU T ER P E one o f the Muses the patroness o f in st ru
, ,
mental music The word means agreeable . .

EU V YH E an express i on meaning
, We ll done s o n , .
Jupiter s o frequen tl y a d dressed his s o n B a c chus

by t hose words that the phrase at l ast b ec am e one
o f his names .
EVENIN G S TAR s e e Hesper u s , .
EV IL see Cacodae m on
,
.
0F M YTH OL OGY 37
EVI LS , see Pandora .
EYE , s ee Cy cl ops an d Gl a ukopis .
FA M E was a poetical deity repres e nte d as having ,
wi ngs and blow i ng a t r umpet . A temp le was

dedicated to her by the R om ans .
FA T E , s ee N ereus .
FA TE S , P AR CE were the three daughters o f N ec es

or ,
s it y Their names were Clo t ho who held the

.
,
dis t aff L achesis who turned t he S p i ndle ; and

,
Atropos who cut the thread with t he fatal shears

, .
FAUN . rural divinity half man and half goat

A , .
They were very similar to the S atyrs The Fauns .
attended the god Pan and the S atyrs att e nd e d ,
Ba c chus .

FA V O NIUS The wind favourab le t o v eg e tation , that
is Z ephyrthe west wind
.
.
,
Time w ill run

On smoo ther t ill F avon i us re inspir e
,
-
The frozen earth a n d clo the in fresh attire ,

Th e l ily and the rose that neit her sowed nor spun , .
M IL T ON .
FA Y S .The yellow skirted F ays -
Fly after the night steeds -

,

L eaving their moon l o ved maze -
.
M IL T ON .
FEAS T S s e e Comus, .
'
FE BRIS (fever) , one th e evil dei t i e s wa s wo r
of ,
.
shipped that sh e might not do harm .

FE B RUUS n ame o f Plato from the part of the
. A ,
funeral rites whic h consisted o f puri c a t io n s .

38 A H A NDY DICTIONA R Y
'
FER O NIA , the R oman godd ess o f orchards was ,
patroness o f enfranchised slaves Som e auth o rs .
think Feronia is the same as J u no .
FER T ILI TY s ee Lupercus , .
FES T I V ALS s e e Thalia ,

.
F IDELI T Y s e e I olaus , .
Fr DE s the goddess o f faith an d h o n e st y ha d a

, ,
temple in t he Capi t ol o f R ome .
FINE AR T S see Minerva , .
FIRE s ee S alamander Vesta an d V ul can

, , ,
.
F IRE I NSURAN C E s e e Canopus , .
F IS H ER M AN s ee Glaucus , .
'
'
FLATH IN NI S in Cel t ic mytho l ogy is Paradise
-
, , .
F LEE C E GOLDEN s ee Go l den Fleece A rg o nauts an d

, , , ,
Jason .
FL IE S , s ee Musc a rius .
FL OC K S, s ee Pales .

FLO RA , goddess o f owers and gardens, was w ife of
Z ephyrus S he enj oyed perpetu al youth
. Her .
Grecian name was Chloris .

FLORA LIA were licenti o u s games institut e d in h o n our
o f the goddess Flora .
FL OW ERS , see Flora, Chloris Ho rt e nsis an d Z ephyrus

, ,
.
FLU T E , s ee Marsyas .

FOR TU NA the goddess o f fo rtune had a templ e
, ,
erected to her by S ervius Tullius S he was s up .
posed to be able t o besto w riches or pove rty on

mankind and was esteemed o n e o f the most
,
potent of the ancient goddess e s S he is usually re .

OF '
M YTH OL OG Y . 39
pre sent e d as standing o n a wheel wi th a bandag e ,
over her eyes and holding a c ornu c opia , .
FRAUD o n e of the evil deities was represented as a

, ,
goddess with a human face and a serpen t s body

,

and in the end o f her tail was a scorpion s sting .
S he lived in t h e river Cocytus and nothing but ,
her head was ever seen .

FRE Y R The S candinavian god o f fertility and p e ace
. .
The patron god of S weden and I celand .
FRE Y J A

The S candinavian Venus
. The goddess .
o f lov e .

FR I GA The S axon goddess o f earth l y e rrj o ymen t s
. .
The name Friday is derived from her I n S candi .
navian mythology S he is the goddess o f marriage .
FR O. The S candin avian god o f temp e sts and winds .
FR OGS s ee C lowns o f L ycia

,
.
FRUI T S s ee Ceres and Pomona

, .
F UNERALS see L ibitin a and Man e s

, .
FURIES THE were the three daughters o f A cheron

, ,
and N ox They were the punishers of evildoers

. .
Their nam es were Tisiphon e Megaera and Alecto , , ,
and were supposed to personify rage slaughter , ,
and en vy .
FU T URI TY see Ca ssandra , .
GA B R I E L in Jewish mythol ogy is the prin c e

,
of
re and thunder and the ange l o f death to the ,
favoured people o f Go d .
GALATIE A A sea nymph

Po lyp hemus one of the
. .
,
Cyclops l oved her but she disdained h i s atten

, ,
tions and became the lover of A cis a S i c il ian

,
S hepherd .
'
GA LLAN madme n from Galli (which s e e)
TE S , , .

GAL L I were priests o f Cyb ele who used to cut their
arms with knives when t hey sacr i ced and acted ,
s o l i ke madmen that demented people got the
name of Ga ll a n t es .

GAN ESA The I ndian Mer c ury
. . The god o f wis do m
and prudence .
G AN G A . On e of the three I ndian river goddesses .
GAN YM EDE , a b eautiful Phrygian youth s o n o f ,
Tros King of Troy He succeeded Hebe in the

,
.
O fce o f cup bearer to Jupi t er He is generally

-
.
represented si t ti ng o n the back Of a ying eagle .
G ARDENS s e e Pomona ,
.
GA T ES see J anus
,
.
'
GAU T A M A The chief deity o f Burmah
. .
GENII were domestic divini t ies E very man was .
supposed to have t wo of t hese gen ii accompany

ing hi m ; o n e brought him happiness th e other ,
m i sery .
A L ycian name of Jupiter

G EN I T OR . .
GEO M E T R Y see Mercury , .

G E R Y ON was a triple bodied monster who l ived at -
Gades where h i s numerous ocks were guarded

,
by Orthos a two headed dog and by Euryt hio n

,
-
, ,
a seven headed dragon These guard i ans were

-
.
destroyed by Hercules and the cat t le taken away , .
G I M LE T s e e D aedalus
, .
GIRDLE see Cestus,

.
A HA ND Y DI CTI ON AR Y
hands j oined and either nude or on l y w e arin g

transp a rent robes th e idea bein g that kind
,
nesses as person i ed by the Graces should be

, ,
done with sincerity and candour and without ,
disguise They were supposed to teach the duties

.
of grat i tude and friendship and they pr o m o t e d ,
love and harmony among mankin d .
G RA C ES (fourth ) s ee Pasi thea , .

GR A D I V US A name given to Mars by the Ro mans
. .
I t meant the warrior who defended the c ity agai nst

all external enemies .

GRA GUS The n ame by which J up ite r wa s w or
'
shipped in Lycia .
G RANARIES s ee Tut elin a ,

.
'
GR AP S I OS A Lycian name o f J upiter
. .
GRASS H OPP ER see Tithonus , .
GRIE F s ee N iobe
,
.
HA D A
. The Babyl onian J uno .
HA DES

The Greek n ame o f Pluto the god o f hell
.
, ,
the word s i gnifying hidden dark and gloomy ; the , ,
infernal regions sometimes wri tten A d es , .
HAILS T OR M S , s ee N uriel .
HAL CY ONE on e o f the Pleiades , w as a d aught e r o f

,
A tl as and Pelio n e .
HAL CY ONS were sea birds , supposed to be th e Gr e ek

'
-
king sh ers They made their nests o n the waves

-
.
,
and during the pe riod of incubation the s ea was

always calm Hence th e modern term Halcyon .
D ays .
HA M ADR Y ADES w e r e w ood nymphs, wh o p r e sided

-
over trees .
H APP INESS s ee G enii ,

.
HAR OE RI S

The E gyptian god wh o s e e y e s ar e th e
.
,
sun and moon .
HAR P IES were animals with the heads and breasts

of women the bodies o f birds and the claws o f

, ,
l ions Their names were Aello Ocypete a n d

.
, ,
Cel en o They were loathsome creatures living in

.
,
lth and poisoning everything they c ame in c o n

,
ta c t with .
S uch ends to s c ourge mankind so er c e s o fell , , ,
Heaven n ever summoned from the dep th of hell .
A v irgin face wi th wings an d hook ed claws , ,
D eat h in their eyes and famine in their j aws , ,
While proof t ofst e el their hides and plumes remain

We strike the impenetrable ends in vain .
HAR PI KRUTI

. The E gyptian name o f th e god
Harpocrates .
HAR P OC RA T ES son o f I sis was the god of silen c e and

, ,
m editation He i s usually represented a s a youn g

.
man holding a nger of o n e hand to his l i ps

, ,
while in the other hand he ho l ds a c o rnu c o pia .
HAR VES T s ee S egesta , .
HA W K s ee N ysus
, .
HA Z I S

The S yrian war god
.
-
.
HEAL T H see Hygeia and S alus

,
.
HEA VEN Q UEEN OF se e Belisa ma Go d o f see Coelus

.
, , , .
HE BE was the goddess of youth S he was cup bearer

'
.
-
to J upiter and t he gods, unt i l sh e had an a wkward

at a festival and ,
so displeased J upiter that
44 A HA N D Y DI C TIONA R Y
sh e was deprived o f her o ic e and Gany m e d e wa s ,
appointed in her stead .
Wreathed smiles ,
S uch as hung on Hebe s cheek

,

An d love to live in dimples sleek .
MIL T ON .
Bright Heb e waits by Heb e ever young

The whirling wheels are to the chari ot hung .
P OP E .
HE C A T E

There were two goddesses kno wn by this
.
name but the one generally referred to in modern

,
l i terature is Hecate o r Prosper i ne the name by

, ,
wh i ch D ian a was known in t he infernal reg i ons .
I n heav en her name wa s Luna and her terrestrial ,
name was D iana .
HE C U BA
The mother o f Paris was al l otted to
.
,
U lysses aft er the destruct i on o f Troy and was ,
afterwards changed into a hound .

What s Hecuba to him , o r he to He c uba
S H A KES P EARE .
HEI F ER s ee I no
, .
HEL ENA when a Child was so b eautiful that Theseus

and Perit h o us stole her bu t she was restored by ,
Castor and Pollux S he became t he w i fe of Mene

.
laus king o f S parta but eloped with Paris and

, , ,
t hus caused the Troj an War A fter the death o f .
Paris sh e marri ed D e i phobus his brother and then , ,
b etrayed h i m t o Menelaus S he was strangled by .
order o f Polyxo k i ng o f R hodes,

.
HE L I ADE S were the daughters Of S ol and the sist e rs

,
o f Phaeton at whose dea t h they were s o s a d th a t

,
they stood mourn i n g t i ll they became met a mo r

ph o s ed into poplar trees and their tears were ,
t urned into amber .

OF M Y TH OL OG Y . 45
HEL I C ON

A m ountain in B oeotia sacre d to the
.
Muses from which place the fountain Hippo c re n e

,
owe d .
Ye t still the doating rhymer dreams ,

A nd sings of Heli con s bright streams ;
But Hel i con for all h is cla tt er
Yiel d s o nl y un insp iring wat er
.
B RO OM 1720 , .
HE LI CO N I DE S A nam e o f the Muses fro m M ount

.
,
Helicon .
HELIO P OLIS in E lysi um was the c ity o f the sun

'
, , .
HE LI OS

The Grecian sun god who went home
.
-
,
eve ry evening in a golden boat which had wings .
HEL I OT ROP E

Clytie wa s turned into this o w er by
.
A pollo S ee Cly tie. .
HEL LE was drowned in the sea into which sh e fell

,
from o ff the back o f the golden ram o n which sh e ,
and Ph ryxus were escap ing from t he oppression of

their stepmother I n c The ep i sode gave t he name .
o f the Hellespont to the par t o f the s ea where

Helle was drowned an d it is now ca lle d the ,
D ardanelles .
HELLE SPON TI A CUS

A titl e of Priapus . .
HE MPH TA
The E gyptian god Jupit e r
. .
HE PHE S T OS The Greek Vulcan

'
. .
H E RA
'
The Greek name o f Juno
. .
H ER A C LES is the same as Herc ul es

, .
H ER C ULES was the

'
Jupiter and Alcm e na ,
s on of .
The goddess Juno hated h i m from hi s birth and ,
sent two serpents to kill h i m but t hough only ,
e ight m onths old he strangled the snakes As he .

46 A H A ND Y DI C TIONA R Y
got older he was set by his master E ury sth eu s

what were thought t o b e twelve i mpossible tasks ,

wh i ch have long been known as th e T wel v e

L abo ur s o f Hercul es They were .
F irs t To slay the N emean L ion

,
.
S ec ond To dest r oy the Hydra which infe st e d th e

,
marshes of Lern a .
Third To bring to E u rysth e us the Ar c adian S ta g

,
with the golden horns and brazen hoofs .
F ourth To bring to his master the Boa r o f E ry

,
ma n t h us .
Fif th To cleanse the s t a ol e o f King Augeas in

, ,
which 3000 oxen had been kep t for thirty y e ars ,

but had nev er been cleaned o ut .
S ixth To dest roy the S tymphalid e s t e rrib le c ar

, ,
n iv ero us b irds .
S even th To capture th e Bul l whi c h was des o l ati ng

,
Cret e .
E ig h th To capture the mares of D iom e des which

, ,
breathed re from their nostrils and ate human ,
esh .
N int h TO procure the g rrd le o f Hipp olyta q u ee n

, ,
o f the Amazons .
Ten th To bring to E urystheus the esh eatin g

,
-
oxen o f Geryon the monster king of Gades

, .
E leven th To bri ng away some of t he go l den appl e s

,
from the garden o f the Hesper i des .
Twelf th To bri ng up from Hades th e thr e e

,
headed dog Cerberus , .
Al l these tasks he successfully accomplished a n d , ,
besides he assis t ed the gods i n the i r wars wi t h the

,
g i ants . S everal other wonderful feats are m e n

t io n ed under o ther headings as A nt aeus Cacus , , ,
et c
. H i s dea t h was brough t about through h is
endeavours to preserve D e i anira from the attacks
o f N ess u s the centaur whom he killed
,
Th e ,
.
centaur before he expired gave his mystic t unic

, ,
to D eianira who in turn gave it to Herc ules and

, ,
he put i t on but his doing s o brought on an illness

,
o f which he could not be cured I n a t o f despera .
t i on he cast himself into a fun eral p i le o n M ount

IEt a ; but Jupiter had him taken to heaven in a
four horse chariot and only the mortal part o f
-
,
Hercules was c onsumed .
L et Hercules him self do wha t he may ,

The cat will m e w and dog will have his day , .
S H A K ES PEARE .
H ERDS M EN s ee Bubona , .
HER M IE were statu es o f Hermes (Mercury ) whi c h

,
were s e t up in Athens for boundaries and as ,
dir ection marks fo r tr avel lers .
HE R M AN U BI S s e e An ubis

, .
HE RM ATH E N AE were statues o f Mer c ury and Min e rva

pla c e d tog e ther .
HER M ES A Greek n ame o f t h e g o d Mercury

. .
Hermes obeys With golden pinions binds .

His ying feet and mounts the western winds ,
.
V IR G IL .
HER M I ONE daughter o f Mars and Venus wh o was

, ,
t ur ned i nto a serpen t and allowed to l i ve in the ,
E lysian elds There was another Hermione .

,
daughter of M e nelaus ; sh e was betrothed to

Orestes but was carried away by Pyrrhus th e s o n
, ,
o f Ac h ill es .
HE R O A priestess of Venus with whom L eander was

.
,
so enamoured that he swam across the He ll espont

every n i ght to visit her but a t last was drowned ,
when Hero threw herself into th e sea and was

drowned also .
HEROES s ee Valhall a
, .
48 A H A ND Y DIC TI ONA R Y
HES P ER IDES Three daughters o f Hesperus King o f

.
,
I taly They kept i n their garden the golde n

.
apples which Juno gave J upiter o n their wedding

day S ee Herc ul es
. .
HES P ERUS brother o f Atlas was c hanged int o th e

'
, ,
evening star .
To the ocean now I y ,
A nd those happy cl i mes that lie

Where day never shuts h i s ey e ,
U pon the broad elds o f the sky

There I suck the l i qu i d air ,
All am i dst the gardens fai r

Of Hesper us and his daughters thr e e ,

That S i ng about the golden tr ee .
M I LT ON .
HES T IA
'
The Greek n ame o f Ve sta
. .
H IERO G L Y PH I C S s ee Mercury

.
,
H I GHWA Y S s e e Janus , .
H I L DUR
'
. The S c a n d a n a via n Mars .
H I P P IA

. A
name o f M i nerva .
H I P PI US A name o f N eptune

. .
H I PP O C A M P US

The name o f N eptun e s fav ourite
.
horse .
HI PPOCRE N I DE S a name of the Muses from the

, ,
foun t ai n of H i ppocrene (t he horse fountai n) whi ch ,
was forme d by a k i ck o f the winged horse

Pegasus .
HI PP OL Y T E queen o f the Amazons daughter of Mars

.
, ,
Her father gav e her a famous gi rdle which Her ,
cules wa s requ i red t o procure (s ee Hercules ) S he .
was con quered by Herc ul es, and given by him in

marriage to Theseus .
50 A H AND Y DIC TI ONA R Y
HYGE IA , the goddess of h e al th , was a daught e r o f

and E pione S he was represented as

IEs c ul a pius .
a young woman feeding a s e rpent whi c h is twined ,
round her arm .
HY LAS

A beautiful boy beloved by Hercul e s The
. .
nymphs were j ealous o f him and sprited him aw ay ,
while he wa s drawing water fo r Hercul e s .
HY M EN, the Grecian god o f marriage , was e ith e r th e

s on of
B acchus and Venus o r as some s a y o f , , ,
Apollo and one of the Muses He was represent e d .
as a handsome youth holding in h is hand a burn ,
ing torch .
S ome few there are of sordid mould

Who barter you t h and bloom for gold
Bu t Hymen g en ro us just and kind ,

, , ,
Abhors the mercenary m i nd

S uch rebels groan beneat h h i s rod ,
Fo r Hy men s a vindictive god

.
D r CO TT ON 1736 .
, .
HYM N see Paean , .
HYP E RION S on of Coel us and Terra The m ode l

. .
of manly beauty synonymous with A poll o The , .
personicat i on o f the sun .
S o excellent a k i ng that was to this

H yperion to a satyr S H A K ES P EARE . .
HYP ER M NES T RA
On e o f the fty daughte rs o f
.
D anaus who were collec t ively called the D anaides

,
.
S h e was t he one who refused t o k i l l her husband

o n the wed d ing n i ght S ee D anaus . .
I A C CH US

. A
nam e o f Bacchus .
'
I A P E TOS . The father o f Atl as S e e J a p et us . .

I B LEE S The Arabian S atan
. .

I C ARUS son of D aedalus who with his father mad e
, ,
t hemselves wings w i t h which t o y from Crete .
They were xed to the shoulders by wax I carus .
ew t o o near the s un and the h eat melting the ,
wax caused the win gs to drop o ff and he fe ll

, ,
into the s ea and was drowned .

I CH N OBA TE On e Of Ac t aeon s hounds ; it m e ans
.
tracker .

I DIE A A nam e of Cybele from Mount I da wh e r e
.
, ,
s h e was worshipped .
I DIE A N M OT H ER

Cybele was sometimes s o c a ll ed
. .

I DA LIA A name o f Venus from Mount I d a lus
.
, .

I MP ER A T OR was a nam e o f J upiter given to him at ,
Praene ste .
I NA CH US was o n e o f the ear liest o f the d e migo d s o r

heroes .
I N C ENDIAR Y see Ero st ra t us , .
I N C ENSE s ee Venus , .
'
I N C U BUS A R oman name o f Pan m eaning T he
.
,
Ni ghtmare S ee I nnus . .
I N DI G E TE S were deied mortals gods o f th e fo u rth

,
order They were pecul i ar to some district

. .
I N DRA The Hindoo Jupi t er his wife was I n dra n t

.
,
who presides over the winds and thunder .
I N F AN T S , s ee N atio .

IN NUS . A name of Pan the same as I n c ubus
, .

I N O, second A thamas King o f Thebes father
wife of , ,
of Ph ryx us and Helle I no had t wo children who .

,
coul d not as c end the throne wh ile Ph ryxus and

52 A H A ND Y DIC TI ONA R Y
Hel le were al ive I n o therefor e p e rse c ute d th e m

.
to such a degree that they dete rm i ned to escape .
They d i d s o on a ra m whose hide became the ,
Golden Fleece (see Ph ryxus and Hell e ) I no de .
stroyed herself and was c hanged by N eptun e into

,
a s ea goddess
-
.

I N O A were festival s in m e m ory o f I no .
I NS T RU M EN T AL M USI C s ee E uterpe , .
I O was a daughter of I nachus a n d a p rie stess of J uno

'
,
at Argu s Jupiter courted her and was detected

.
,
by Juno when the god turned I o into a beautiful

,
heifer Jun o demanded the beast of Jupiter and

.
,
s et the hundred eyed Argus to watch her

-
Jupiter .
persuaded Mercury to destroy Argus and l o was ,
s et at liberty and restored to human shape

, Juno .
continued her persecutions and I O had to wander ,
from pl a ce to place t i ll s h e came to E gypt where ,
s h e became wi fe of King Osiris and won such ,
good op i nions from the Egy p t i ans t hat after h e r

death she was worshipped as t he goddess I sis .

I OLA US s o n o f I phicles assisted Hercules in c on
, ,
quering t he Hydra by burning with hot iro ns the

,
place where the heads were cut o ff ; and for his

assistance he was restored to you t h by Hebe .
L overs used to go to h is monument at Phosis and

ratify their vows o f de lity .

I O TH UN Celtic mythological monsters or giants
.
,
.
I PH I CLUS was twin b r oth e r o f Her c ule s and father

,
o f I olaus .
'
I PH I G ENI A was a daughter o f A gamemnon He .
made a v o w to D iana which i nvolved the sac ri ,
c e of I ph i gen i a but j ust at the crit i cal moment

,
s h e was carri ed to heaven and a beautiful goat ,
was found o n the al ter in her place .

'
I RIS daughter of Thaumas and E le c tra was the a t
, ,
t a n d a n t of Juno and o n e of the messengers o f the

,
gods Her duty was to cut the thread which

.
detained expiring so uls S h e is the p ers oni c a .
tion o f the rainb o w .
I R ON, s ee Vulc an .
of se e I o
'
I s rs , wife Osiris, .
I TY S was k ill ed by his moth e r Progne when six years

o ld and given to h i s father Tereus as food

,
The .
gods were so enraged at this that they turned I ty s

i nto a pheasant Progne in to a swallow and Tereus
, ,
into an o wl .
'
l xr ON was s o n of Phlegyas King o f the L apithae Fo r , .
att empting t o prod uce thunder Jup i t er cast him

.
,
into hell and had hi m bound to a wheel s ur

, ,
rounded with serpents which is for ever turn ing ,
over a river o f re .
The powers of vengeance whil e they h e ar , ,
Touched with compassion drop a tear

,
I xion s rap i d whee l is bound ,

F ixed in attention to the sound .
F LE W I S . .

Or,as I xion x d the wretch shall fee l ,

The giddy motion o f the whirling wheel .
P OP E .
J ANI was a place in R om e wh er e there were thr e e

statues o f Janus and it was a meeting p l a c e for

,
-
usurers and creditors .
JA N I TOR A title of Janus o m the gat es befor e the

'
.
,
doors o f private houses being called J a n uae .

54 A HA NDY DICTI ONA R Y
J A NUS

. A king of I taly said to have been the son of
,
Ooelus others s a y o f Apollo he sheltered S aturn

,
when he was driven from heaven by Jupiter .
Janus presided over highways gates and locks , , ,
and i s usually represen t ed w i th two faces A .
brazen temple was erected to him in R ome which ,
was al ways open in time o f war and cl osed durin g ,
pea ce .
Old J anus if you pl ease

, ,

Grave two faced father -
.
I n tw o faced J anus we this moral n d

-
,

While we l ook forward we should glance b ehind, .
COL M AN .
J A P E T US son o f Ooelus and Terra husband o f Cly

'
, ,
mene He was looked upon by the Greeks as the

.
father o f mankind S ee I a p et o s
. .
J A SON was s o n o f E son k ing o f I olc o s he was

,
brought up by the centaur Chiron H i s uncle E t a .
sent h i m t o fetch the Golden Fleece from Colchis

(s ee Argonau t s ) He went i n the shi p Argo with
.
forty nine companions the ower o f Greek youth

-
, .
With the help o f Juno they got safe to Colchis ,
but the King E tes promised to restore the Golden

Fleece only on cond i t ion that the A rgonauts per
formed certain services Jason was to t ame the wild
.
ery bulls and to make them plough the eld o f

,
Mars to sow in the ground the teeth o f a serpent ,
from which would sprin g armed men who would

ght agai nst h i m who ploughed the eld o f Mars
to kill the ery dragon wh i ch gu arded the tree o n
which the Golden Fleece was hung The fate of .
Jason and the rest o f the Argonauts seemed cert ain ;

but Medea the king s daugh t er fell in love with
,

Jason and with the help of charms which she gave

,
him h e o vercame all th e dii c ul t ies which the

OF M YTH OL OG Y 55
king had put in his way He took away the .
Golden Fleece and Medea also The k ing sent .
h is s o n Absyr tus to overt ake t he fug i t ives but ,
Medea killed h im and strewed his li mbs in h i s

,

father s path so t hat he m i gh t be delayed in co l
,
l eetin g them and this enabled Jason and Medea

,
to escape After a t ime Jason got t ired o f Medea

.
,
and married Gla n c e wh i ch cruel ty Medea reven ged

,
by kill ing her ch ildren before their fa t her s eyes

.
J ason was accidentally killed by a beam o f the ship

Argo falling on him .
J OCAS TA (otherwise Epic a st a ) wife o f L aius King of

'
, ,
Thebes who i n aft er li fe married her o wn s o n

, ,
(Edip us n ot knowi n g who he was and o n dis

, , ,
coverin g the fatal m i s t ake h anged herself , .
J OV E A very general name o f Jupiter

. .
From the great father o f t he gods above

My muse begins for all is full of Jove ,
.
V IR G IL .
J UD G ES I N H ELL THE wer e R hadamanthus for

, ,
A siatics ; E a c us for E uropeans ; Minos was the

presiding judge S ee Trip t olemus. .
'
JUGATI N US was o n e o f the nuptial deities .
'
J U NO was the daughter of S aturn and Op s a lia s Cybe le , .
S he was marr i ed to Jup i t er and became queen o f ,
all the gods and goddesses an d m i s t ress o f heaven ,
and ear th Juno was t he mo ther of Mars Vulcan

.
, ,
Hebe and L ucina

, S he prompted t he gods to
.
c onspire against Jupiter but the attempt was ,
frustrated and Apollo and N eptune were banished

,
from heaven by Jupi t er Juno is the goddess o f .
marriage and the protectress of marr i ed women ;

,
and she had special regard for virt uous women .
I n the c ompe t ition for the celebrated Golden

56 A HA ND Y DI CTI ON A R Y
A pp l e which Juno Venus and Minerva e ach

, , ,
cla i me d as the fairest amongst the goddess e s J uno ,
was mu c h displeased when Paris gave the apple

to Venus The goddess is generally r epresente d
.
riding in a chariot drawn by pea c o cks with a ,
diadem on he r head and a sceptre in her h a nd , .
'
J U P I T ER , S aturn and Cybele (or Ops ) wa s
s on of

born o n Mount I da in Crete and nouri shed by , ,
the goat Amal thaea When qu i t e young Jupiter .
rescued hi s fa ther from the Ti t ans and afterwards ,
w i th t he help o f Hercules defeat ed the gi ants the , ,
sons o f earth when t hey made war aga i nst h e a,
ven Jup i ter was worshipped with grea t solemnity

.
under various names by most o f the heathen

nations The A fri cans called him Ammon ; the
.
Ba bylonians Belus and the E gyptians Osiris , ,
(s e e Jove ) He was represented as a maj esti c p e r

.
s o n a g e seated o n a throne holding in h i s hands a ,
scep tre and a thunderbol t at his feet stood a Spre ad

eagle .
B y J upiter, this shall not be revoked .
S H A K ES PEA RE .
J US T I C E s ee A stre a N emes rs
, , .
KALI A Hind oo g o dd e ss after whom Calc utta is

.
,
nam e d .
KA LOC On e o f the chief o f the Mexi c an go ds

. .

KAM A The Hindoo god o f love
. .
K E B LA The point of t h e compass whi c h wo r

.
shippers look to during t heir invocations Thus .
the S ol o r S un worshippers turn to t he east ,
where the s un rises and t he Mohammedans turn ,
towards Mecca .

LA K S M I Hindoo goddess of weal th
. and p le asure .
On e o f the husbands o f Vish nu .
LA M EN T A T ION, s ee Cocytus .

L A M IA A n evi l deity amongst the Greeks and
.
R omans an d t he g reat dread o f their children

, ,
whom sh e had the credit of c onstantly enti c ing

away and destroying .
L A MP ,
s ee L ares and Penates .
'
Aurora

LA M POS . On e of s chariot hors e s the o th e r ,
being Ph aeton .
L A OC O ON On e
the priests of A pollo who was of

.
, ,
with his two sons crushed to deat h by serpents , ,
because he opposed the admission o f t he woode n

ho rse to Troy .

L A OM ED ON a Trojan king
,
s on of I lus , . He was
famous for having with the assis t ance , o f Apollo
and N eptune bu i l t the wall s o f Troy ,
.
L AP IS '
The oath stone
. . The R omans us ed to
swear by Jupiter L ap i s .
'
LAP I TH US , His n umerous chil dren
s on of Apollo .
were called L api th ae and they a n otorious for ,
their ght with the centaurs at the n uptial feast

o f Peri t h o us and Hippodami a .
'
L A RES and P EN A T ES were sons o f Mercury and L ara ,
or as o ther my thologists say o f Jupiter a n d
, ,
L amida They belonged to t h e lower order Of

.
R oman gods and pres i ded over homes and fami

,
l i es The i r s t atues were generally xed within

.
the doors of houses or near t he hearths L amps , .
were sacred to t hem as symbols o f vigilance and , ,
the dog was their sacrice .

OF IlI YTH OL OG Y . 59
L AR K , see S cylla and N ys us .
L A T O NA daughter of C oeus
'
,
Phoebus mother o f a nd ,
A pollo and Di ana B e ing adm i red s o much by .
J upiter Juno was j ealous and L atona was the

, ,

obj ect o f the goddess s constant persecution .
LAU GH T ER ,
s ee Momus and Venus .

L AU REL, s ee D aphne .
L A V ER NA of thi e ves

. The goddess .
LAW , see Menu .
L AWG I VE R, see N o mius .
LA W S , see Themis .
'
LEAN DER see Hero ,
.
L EA T H ER B O TT LE , see As c olia .
LE DA was the mother o f Castor and Po llux their

,
fat her be i ng Jup i ter in t he S hape o f a swan , .
After her deat h s h e received t he name o f N emes i s .

LE M N I US . On e of the names of Vulcan .

L E M URES The spectres of departed souls M il t o n
. .
,

in h i s Od e to t he N a t i v i ty says ,
L emures moan w i t h mi dn i gh t plaint

.
They are sometimes referred to as t he Manes o f

the dead .
'
LE N IE US . On e of the names of Bacchus .

LER NA The lake near Argos where Her c ul es c on
.
quere d the Hydra .
'
LE THE On e
the rivers of the infernal regions
. of ,
o f which the souls of t he depar t ed are obliged

t o d rink to produce oblivion o r forgetfulness of
60 A HA ND Y DIC TI ONA R Y
everythi ng th e y did or kn ew whil e al iv e o n th e

earth .

A Slow and silent stream ,
L ethe the river o f obl i vion rolls

, ,
Her watery labyrinth whereof who drink s ,
Forthwith his former state and being forgets ,

Forge t s both j oy and grief pleas ure and pain , .
M IL T ON .

L EU C OT H EA The nam e of I no aft e r she was trans
.
formed into a s ea nymph -

.

LE VA NA The deity who presided over n e w bo rn
.
: -
infants .
LE VEL TH E s e e D aedal us
, , .

LI A K UR A . Mount Parnassus .
LI BERAL AR T S , s ee Minerva .
'
LI B ER P A T ER . A nam e of Ba cchus .
L I BER T Y, see Ba c chus .

LI B I S S A .
Q ueen o f fays and fairies .

LI BI T I NA . The Chief o f the fun eral deities .
LI C EN T IOUSNESS, s ee Belph eg or .
'
LI GE A . A Greek syren or s ea -
nymph .
LI GH T NIN G , A gni s ee .

LI LI T H A Je wish myth who is a gr eat enemy t o
.
n ew born children S he was sai d t o have been

-
.
Adam s rs t wife but refus i ng to subm i t to him

, , ,
was turned from Paradi se and made a spectre .

L I NA . The goddess of the art of weaving .

LIN D OR A l over in the shape
. of a shepherd lik e ,
Corydon ; a love sick swa i n -

.
OF M YTH OLOG Y . 61
L I ON , A tal anta Chim aera

se e ,
.
LI V ER s ee Tit yus and Pr om e th e us

,
.
L OC K S , s ee J anus .
L O BEN T he Sc andinavian god who g u ards frien d ship

. .

L OB UA T he S c andinavian g o ddess who r ec o n c il e s
.
l o vers .
L OK E The S candinavian S atan th e g o d

.
, of strife ,
the Spirit o f evil .

L O T IS A daughter o f N eptu n e who e d from
.
,
Priapus and only escape d from h im by being

,
t r ansformed i nto a l otus plant -

.
Lo TUs P LAN T , see L otis

-
.
L OVE , see Cupid E ros, Ven us , .
LU C IAN The imp e rsonation o f fo lly c hange d into

'
.
,
an ass .

L U C I F ER The morning star . .

L U C I NA The goddess who presides at the birth of
.
children S he wa s a daughter o f J upiter and

.
J un e .
L ucina hail S o named from thine o wn grove

, ,

Or from the light thou giv s t us from above .
OVID .
LUD .I n ancient B ritis h mytho l ogy the king o f th e

Britons .

LU NA Th e name of D iana as a cel estial divinity
. .
S e e D iana and He c ate .

L U P ER C US or Pan The R oman g o d of fertility ;
, .
his fest i val day was 15t h Feb ru ary and the festi ,
va l s were c alled L uperc a lia .

62 A HA ND Y DICTION A R Y
'
LYCA ON I ANE xecrable viands such as were
F OOD .
,
supplied to Jup i ter by Lycaon To tes t the d ivi ne .
knowledge of the god he served up human esh ,
wh i ch Jove discovered and punished Lycaon by ,
turnin g him into a wolf .
LYC IAN C LO W NS were tur ned into frogs by L at o na o r

Ceres .
LYM N I
'
ADE S . Nymphs wh o r esided in m arsh e s .
T h e p erso nic a

LYN C EUS On e o f the Argonauts
. .
t i on o f sh a rp s ig h t ed n ess .
LY RE This musical instrument is c onstantly a ss o

.
c ia t e d with t he do i ngs o f t he ancient deities .
A mphion buil t t he walls o f Thebes by the musi c

o f h i s lyre Ar i on charmed t he dolphins in a
.
S i milar way Hercules broke the head o f L inus ,

.
h i s music master, w i t h t he lyre he was learning to

us e and Orpheus charmed t he most savage beasts,
and eve n t he Harp i es and go d s o f the infernal
regions , wi t h the enchanting music o f th e lyre .
S ee Mercury .
ME N A D E S
. Priestesses of Ba c ch u s .
MA G I C IANS , see Telchines .
MA G NA DE A , a name o f Ceres
'
.
M A GP IES , s ee Pierides .
MA H A S OOR
'
. The Hindoo god of evil .
MA IA
. The mother of the Grecian Mer c ury .

MA M M ON . The money god -
.
OF M Y TH OLOG Y . 63

M A NES . Th e
souls o f the departed . Th e go d of
funeral s and tombs .
Allhave their Manes and their Manes b ear , .

The few who re cleansed t o t hose abodes repair ,

A nd breathe in ample elds the soft Elysia n air .
MA NURIN G LAND, s ee Picumnus .

M AR CH 24, Bellona s D ay . S ee Bellona .
'
M ARI NA . A name
of Venus meaning s ea foam from ,
-
,
her having bee n formed from the fro t h o f the sea .
S ee Ap h rodit e .
MARRIA GE , s ee Cama Hymen Juno

, , , J ug a t inus .
MARS the god

,
war was the son of Jupite r and
of ,
Juno Venus was h i s favouri t e goddess and

.
,
amongst their ch i ldren were Cup i d A n t eros and , ,
Harmonia I n t he Trojan War Mars t ook the

.
par t o f the Troj ans but was defeated by D io ,
mede .
MARS H ES , s ee Lymn ia d es .
MAR S YAS

The name o f the piper who challe nged
.
A pol lo to a mus i cal contes t and being defea t ed , , ,
was ayed to death by the god He wa s the sup .
posed inventor o f t he ut e .
MA RU T
'
. The Hindoo god of tempestuou s win d s .
MA T U RA '
of
the rural deities wh o pr o t ec t e d
. On e
the growing c orn at time of ri pening .
MAX I M US On e of the appellations of J upit e r, b e in g

.
the gr eatest o f the gods .
M EASURES an d WEI GH T S , s ee Mercury .

'
M EDE A . Wife of J as on c hi e f o f th e A rgonau ts
, . S ee
J ason .
N o w t o Me daea
s dr ag o n s x m y reins .

F LE W IS
. .
L et not Medea draw h e r mu rd e rin g knife ,

An d spill her childr e n s blood upon the stage

.
L ORD ROS C OMM ON .
M EDI C INE , s ee Apollo .
M EDI T A T I ON see Harp o c rat e s

, .
M EDU SA
On e
of the Gorgons Minerva changed
. .
her beautiful hair into serpents S he was con .
quered by Perseus who cut Off her head and , ,

placed it o n Minerva s shield E very o n e who .
looked at the head was turned into stone .
Ulysses in the Odyssey says he wished to s e e

, ,
m ore of the inhabitants o f Hade s but was afraid , ,
as he says
L est Gorgo n rising from the infernal lakes
, ,
Wi t h horrors arme d and curls o f h i ssing snak e s , ,
Should x me s t i ffened at the monstrous sight

, ,

A stony image in eternal n i ght P OP E . .

Medusa w i th Go rgonian t e rr o r g uards
M IL T ON

The ford . .
R emove t hat horrid m o nster and tak e h e n c e ,

Medu sa s petr i fying countenan c e

.
ADDIS ON .
'
M E C IERA On e of th e thre e Furies
. .

M E G ALE . A Greek name of Juno m e anin g gr eat
,
.
MELI C ER T A see Pal aemon

'
, .
ME LLO N A
. On e of the rural divinities th e godde ss ,
o f bees .
'
M E RU . The abode of the Hindoo god Vish nu I t .
.
is at the top o f a mou ntain l eag ues high .
T he Olympus o f the I ndians .

M I DAS A king of Phrygia who begged of Ba cc hus
.
,
the special g i ft that everything t hat he touched

migh t be turned i nto gold The request was .
granted and as soon as h e touched his food it als o

,
was turned to gol d a nd for fear o f be ing s t arved

,
h e wa s compelled t o ask the god to wi thdraw t h e

power he had bestowed upon him He was told .
to bathe in the river Pac t olus He did s o and .

,
the sands which he s t ood o n were golde n for ever

aft er I t wa s t hi s same king who being appointed
.
,
to be judge in a mus i cal con t est be tween Apollo

and Pan gave t he S atyr t he palm ; whereupon
,
Apollo t o sho w his con t emp t bes t owed on h im a

, ,
pair o f asses ears Thi s gave rise to the term

.

Midas eared as a synonym for ill judg e d o r
-
,
-
,
indisc ri minate .
He dug a hole and in it whispering said , ,
What monstrous ears S prout fro m King Midas

head . OV ID .
M I LO a celebrated Cretan athlete who is said to

'
, ,
have felled an e x with his st and to have eaten ,
t he beast in o n e day His s t atue is often se e n .
w i th one hand in the rift of a tree trunk out o f ,
which he i s vainly trying to withdraw it The .
fable i s that when he got an old man he attempted

,
t o spl i t an oak tree b ut having lost his youthf ul

,
v i gour the tree closed on h i s hand and he was

,
held a prisoner till the wolves came and devoured

him .
M I M ALLO NE S The wild women who a cc ompanied

'
.
Bacchus s o c al l ed be c ause they mimi ck e d his

,
a c ti o ns .
OF M YTH OL OG Y 67
MI M IR
'
. I n S can d inavian mytho l ogy th e g od o f
wisdom .
M IND , s ee Erin n ys .
M INER VA , the goddess

wisdom war and th e of , ,
liberal arts is said to have s prung from the head

,
o f Jupiter fully armed for bat tle S h e was a great .
benefactress of mankind and patroness of t he ne ,
arts .S he was the tutelar de i ty o f the city of

A thens S he is also known by t he names o f
.
Pallas Parthenos Triton i a and Glaucop i s S he

, , , .
was very generally worsh i pped by t he ancients ,
and her temple a t A thens t he Parthenon still , ,
remain s S he is represen t ed in statues and p ie

.
t ures as wearing a golden helme t enc ircled wi t h

an olive branch and a breastplate I n her right
,
.
hand she carries a lance and by her side is t he ,
famous E gi s o r sh i eld covered w i t h the skin o f

,
A malth aea t he goat which nourished Jupiter and

,
for the boss Of the S hield is the head o f Medusa .
An owl the emblem o f med i tation is on t he left

, ,
and a cock the emblem o f courage o n the right

, ,
.
The E lgin Marbles in the B ri t ish Museum were

brought fro m th e Parthenon her templ e at ,
Athens .
'
M I NOS .The principal o f the thre e judges o f hell ,
be fore whom the spirits of th e depart e d appeare d

and heard their doom .
M I NO TAUR

Th e mo nst e r, hal f man hal f bull which
.
, ,
Theseus S lew .
M IRT H , s ee Mom u s .
M I SE RY, se e Genii .
68 A H A ND Y DICTI ONAR Y
M I T H RA
'
A Persian divin ity th e rul er o f th e uni
.
,
verse c o rr e sponding wit h the R oman S ol

, .
MNE M OS Y NE
Mother o f the Mus e s an d goddess o f
.
memory Jupi t er c ourted the goddess in the

.
guise of a shepherd .
MOAK I BAT
. The re c ordin g ange l of th e M oham .
me d a n s .
MO L OC H
'
A
god of the Phoenicians to who m human
.
victims pr i ncipally children were sacri ced

, , .
Moloch is g u ra t i ve o f the inuen c e which i mpels

us to sacrice that whi c h we ought to cherish most
dearly .
First Mol och horrid king b e sm e ar e d with

, ,
blood

Of human sacri ce and parents tears , ,
Though fo r t he noise o f drums and timbrel s

loud ,
Their ch ildren s cries unh e ard that poured

t hrough re
M IL T ON

To this gr i m idol . .
MO M US

The god of sarcasm The god who blamed
. .

Jove for n o t having made a windo w in man s
breast s o that hi s thoughts could be seen His
,
.
bitter j ests occasioned h i s being driven from heaven

in disgrace He is represen t ed a s holding an
.
image of F olly i n one hand and rais ing a mas k ,
from his face w i th the other He is also described .
as the god o f mirth o r laughter .
MONE T A
A
name given to Juno by those writers
.
who considered her t he goddess o f money .
M ONE Y see Moneta

, .
M ONE Y GOD se e Mam m on

-
, .
MOON The moon was by the ancients c all e d

.
, ,
H ec a t e before and aft er se t ting ; A s t a rte when in
crescent form Dia na when in full S ee Luna . .
S oon as the eveni ng shades prevail

The moon takes up her wondro us tal e ,
A nd nightly to the lis t n in g earth

R epeats the story o f her birth ADD IS ON . .
MOR PH EUS

The god o f sleep and dre ams the min
.
,
ister of S omnus .
Morpheus the humble god that dwells

,
I n cottages and smoky cells

Hates gilded roofs a n d beds of down ,
An d t hough he fears no pri nce s frow n
,

Fl i es from the c ircle o f a crown .
S ir J O H N D EN M AN .
MORS . D eath a daughter ,

of Nox .
MOUN T AIN, s ee Atl as N ymph

, .
M UL C I BER

A name o f Vulcan som e tim es sp ell ed
.
,
Mul c ife r S ee Vulcan . .
MUN IN The S candin a v ian god o f memo ry repre

.
,

sented by the raven that was p erched o n Odin s
S houlder .
MUSCA R I US A name given to Jupiter b ec aus e he

'
.
kept off t he ies from t he sacrices .
MU SES TH E were ni ne daughters

, ,
Jupiter and of
Mnemosyne They presided over the arts and

.
sci ences music and poe t ry Their names were

,
.
,
Calliope Clio E rato Thalia Mel p omene Terp

, , , , ,
s ic h o re E u t erpe Polyhymnia and U ran i a

,
They
, , .
prin c ipally resided in Mount Pa rnass u s at Heli ,
c on .
Be thou the tenth Mu se ten times more in wo rth , ,

Than those o ld nin e whi c h rhymers advoca t e .
S HA K ES P EARE .
M USI C s ee A poll o Muses

, ,
.
MY TH R AS

The E gyptian nam e of Ap oll o
. .
NA I A D S
were b e autiful nym phs of human
, THE ,
form who presided over spr i ngs fountai ns and , ,
wells They resided in t he meadows by the sides

.
o f r i vers Virgil menti o ns E gle as being th e

.
fairest o f them .
N AN D I
'
The Hindoo goddess of j oy
. .

N AR AE The nam e of the infernal regron s amon gst
.
the Hindoos .
N A RA Y AN Th e mover o f th e wat e rs
'
. Th e Hindo o .
god o f tides .
N ARCI S S US s o n o f Ceph is us and the N aiad L iriope

'
, ,
was a beautiful you th who wa s s o pleased w i t h ,
the reection o f himself which he s a w in the

placid water of a fountain that he co uld not help
loving it imagining that it must be some beau t i
,
ful nymph His fruitless endeavours to po ssess

.
himself o f the supposed nymph drove h i m to

despair and h e killed himself There sprang from
, .
h i s blood a ower which was named after him , ,
N arcissus .
N arciss us s o himsel f forsook ,

And died to kiss his S hadow in the brook .
Hadst thou N arcissus in thy face to me ,

Th e n would st appear most ugly .
S H A K ES P EARE .
NAS TR OND The S candinavian place of eternal

.
punishm e nt c orresponding w i t h Ha d es
, .
N A T IO of

. A R oman goddess who took c ar e y o ung
infants .
N E MIE AN L ION ,

s e e Hercules .
NE M ESIS the goddess o f ve n geanc e or justic e w as

'
, ,
one o f the infernal deities Her mother was N ox . .
S he wa s supposed to be cons t an t ly travell i n g

about the ear t h in search o f wickedness which ,
she punished with the greatest severi ty S he is .
referred to by some wr i t ers under t he name o f

Ad ra st aea The R omans always sac ri ced t o this
.
godd ess before they went to war because they ,
wished to s i gnify that t hey never took up arms

but in the cause o f jus t ice .
Forbear, said N emesis , my l oss to me a n ,

T he faintin g trembling hand was mine al on e .
D r J WH AR T ON
. . .
N EPHA L I A
'
. Grecian fest i vals in hon o ur of Mn e
mosyn e ,
the mother o f the Muses .
N E P TUNE ,

god of the s ea was a s on o f S aturn a n d ,
Cybele and brother o f Jupi t er and Pluto

,
He .
quarrelled wi t h Jupiter because he d i d not co n s i der

that the dom i n i on o f the s e a was equal to Jupiter s
empire o f heaven and e arth and he was banished

from the celest i al regio n s aft er having conspired ,
with Pluto to dethron e Jupiter N eptune wa s .
m arried to Amph i tri t e d aughter of Oceanus and ,
Te t hys by whom he had a s o n named Triton

, .
He was al so fa ther o f Polyphemus (on e o f the

Cyclopes ) Ph o rc us and Pro t eus N ep tun e is re
, , .
p resented as being seated in a shell chari ot drawn ,
by dolphi ns o r s ea horses and surrounded by -

,
72 A H AND Y DICTIONA R Y
Tritons and s ea mymph s He holds in his hand a .
trident wi th which he rules the waves Though

, .
a marine dei t y he was reputed to have presided

,
over horse training and horse races but he is

- -
principally know n a s the god o f the o cean ; and

t he t wo functions of the god are portrayed in the
s ea horses wi t h whic h h i s chariot is drawn t he
-
,
fore half o f the animal be i ng a horse and the

-
,
h i nd half a dolph i n
-
S hips were also under his
.
protection and whenever he appeare d on th e

,
ocean there was a de a d calm .

NERE IDES , THE , were aquatic nymphs Th e y w e r e .
daugh t ers o f N ere us and D oris, and fty in num

ber They are generally represen t ed a s beautiful
.
girls riding on dolphins and carrying t ridents in ,
the right hand .

N ERE US .deity husband o f D oris He had
A s ea ,
.
t he gift o f prophecy and foretold fat es ; but he ,
had also the power of assum i ng var i ous shapes ,
wh i ch enabled h im to escape fro m t he imp o rt u

n it ies of those who were anxious t o consul t him .
N ES SUS
'
The name of the Centaur which was
.
destroyed by Hercules for insulting D ej anira .
N ES T OR A grandson of N eptune ,

. his father being
N el eus , and his mother Chlor i s Homer makes .
h i m one of the greatest of t he Greek heroes He .
was present at t he famous ba ttle between the

L apith ae an d the Centaurs and took a l eading ,
part i n the Troj an war .
Here s N esto r
I nst ru cted by the an t iquary t i mes ,

He must he is h e cannot but be wise
, ,
.
S HAK ES PEARE
when they were nine days o l dth e d ay o n which

the R omans n amed their children .
N UPTI A LI S

A ti tle o f Juno When the g o ddess
. .
was invoked under this name t he gall o f the ,
victim wa s taken out and thrown behind the altar ,
s i gn ifying that t here should be no ga ll (bitterness)

o r anger between married people .
NU RIEL
'
. I n Hebrew mytho l ogy th e go d of hail
storms .
N YCTE
'
A name given to B acchus b ec aus e his
LI US . ,
festivals were celebra t ed by torchlight .

N YM PH S This was a general name for a cl ass o f
. .
inferior female dei t ies who were a t tendants o f the

gods S ome o f t hem presided over springs foun
.
,
tains w ells woods and the sea They are spoke n

, , ,
o f as land nymp h s or N aiads and s ea nymphs o r

-
,
-
N ereides though the former are associated als o

,
wi t h fountains and rivers The D ryades were .
forest nymphs and t he Hama dryades were

- -
nymphs who lived amongst the o a k trees the

,
-
oa k being al ways specially venera t ed by the

ancients The mountain nymphs wer e c alle d
.
-
Or e ades .
With o wer inwoven tresses torn -

,
The nymphs in twilight shade

Of tangled th i cke t s mourn

.
M IL T ON .
N Y S IE

The names o f the n ymphs by who m Bac chus
.
was nursed S ee D ionys i us . .
NY S IEUS

A name o f Ba c chus b ec ause h e was w o r
.
,
shipped at Nysa .
N Y S US

A king o f Megara who was invisibl e by
.
virt u e o f a part icular lock of hair T h is l ock his .

daughter S cylla cut o ff and s o betrayed h er father ,
to h is enem i es S he was ch anged i n t o a lark and .

,
the k i n g i n t o a hawk and h e st il l pursues hi s ,
daught e r intending to punish her for her treachery

, .
OAN N E S

A n E astern god represented as a me n
.
,
ster half man half s h He was sai d to have

, , .
taught men t he us e o f letters i n the d a y time -

,
and at n i ght to have retired t o the dep t h o f t he

ocean .
OA T H s ee L apis
, .
'
OBAM BOU A devi l o f A fri c an mytho l ogy
. .
OC EAN s ee N eptune
, .
OC EAN IDES

S ea n ymphs daughters o f Oc e anus
.
-
,
and Te thys Thei r numbers are variously esti.
mated by di eren t poe t s some say i ng there were

'
as many as 3000 while others s a y t hey were as ,
fe w as sixteen The principal o f t hem are men .
t io n e d under their respect i ve names a s Amphi ,
trite D oris M etis etc

, , , .
OC E ANUS s o n o f Coel us an d Terra and husband of

, ,
T ethys S everal my t hologi cal rivers were called

.
his sons as Alpheus Peneus etc a n d his d a ugh

, , , .
,
ters were called the Ocean i des S om e o f t he .
ancients worshipped him as the god of t h e seas ,
and invariably i nvoked h i s aid when they were

a bout to start on a voyage He was also t hought .
to personify the immense stream which it was

supposed surroun d ed t he earth and into which ,
the s un and moon an d other heav e nly bodies sank

every day .

OCR I D I ON A king o f R hodes who was d eied after
.
,
his death .
76 A HA ND Y DICTIONA R Y
'
O CY P E TE On e o f the Harpies who infected eve ry
.
,
t hing sh e touched The word m eans swift of .
ig h t .
'
O CY R OE A daughter o f Chiron who had the gift o f
.
,
prophecy S he was metamorphosed into a mare

. .

O DIN I n S candinavian mythology the god o f the
.
universe and reputed fa ther of all the S candi

,

navian k i ngs H i s w i fe s name was Frig a and his
.
,
t wo sons were Thor and B alder .
'
(E A GR US . F ather of Orphe u s .
'
(E DI PUS . A
of L ai us King of Thebes best
s on , ,
known as the solver of the famous enigma pro

pounded by the S phinx .
(E NO
'
NE Wife of Paris a nymph
.
, of M o unt I da , who
had the gift o f prophecy .

OGYG IA An island the abode of Calypso in the
.
, ,
Medi terranean S ea I t w a s s o beau t i ful in s yl va rr

.
scenery that even Mercury (who dwelt on Olym

pus ) wa s charmed w i t h the spot .
OIN T M EN T, see Phaon .
OLE

NUS A daugh ter of Vulcan wife of Le t h aea
.
, ,
a woman who t hought herself more beautiful t han

t he goddesses and as a punishmen t s h e and her
,
husband were turned into stone statues .
OLI V ES , see Aristaeus .
OLYM

PI US Jupiter from Olympia where
. A name of , ,
the god had a splendid temple wh i ch was con ,
s id e re d to be o n e o f t he seven wonders o f the
world .
OL YM P US was the magnicent mountain on the coast

'
of Thessaly 6 000 feet h i gh where the gods were

, ,
supp o se d to reside The re were severa l o ther .
smaller mountai ns o f the same name .
High h ea v en with trembling the dr e ad signal

t o ok

A nd all Ol ympus to the ce ntre sh o ok .
P OP E .

OLY R A S . A
river near The rmopyl ae which it is , ,
said attemp t ed to extinguish t he funeral pile o n

,
which Hercules was consumed .

OM OPH A G IA A Bacchanalian festival at which s o me
.
uncooked meats were served .

OM PH ALE The Q ueen o f Lydia to whom Her c ule s
.
,
was sold as a bondsman for three years for the

murder o f I phi tus Hercules fell i n love wi t h .
her and led an effeminat e life i n her societ y

, ,
wearing female apparel whi le Omphale wor e the ,

lion s skin .

ONA R US A p ri est o f Bacchus, said to have married
.
Ariadne aft er Sh e had been abandoned by Theseus .
'
ON U V A . Th e Venus of the ancient Gauls .
OPA LI A

R oman festivals i n honour
. of Op s , hel d on
1 4t h o f the calends o f January .
OP IA T E -
ROD , s ee Caduceus .
E yes more wakeful than to drowse

Charmed w i t h Arcad i an p i pe the pas t oral r ee d
,
M IL T ON

Of Hermes o r h i s opiate rod -
. .
OPS .Mother o f the gods a daughter of Ooelus ,
and Terra S he was known by t he several names

.
o f B ona D ea R hea Cybele Magna Mater Pros , , , ,
erpine Tellus and Th ya and occasionally s h e i s

, ,
spoken o f as Juno and M i nerva Sh e pers o nied .

l abour and is represented as a comely matron

, ,
distributing gi ft s wi t h her ri gh t hand and hold ,
ing in her left hand a loaf o f bread Her festival .
was the 1 4t h day of the January calends .
ORA C LES , Themis s ee .
ORIE A Certain sacri ces o ffered t o the goddesses of

'
.
the seasons to i nvoke fai r weather for the ripening

o f the fru i ts of the earth .
OR BO N A The goddess o f orphans

. .
OR CH ARDS see F eronia ,

.
O READS w ere mountain nymphs atten d ants o n

'
,
D i ana .
OR G IES D runken revels

. The riotous feasts o f .
Bacchus were so designated .
ORI O N A famous handsome giant who was blinded

'
.
,
by (En o p io n for a g ri evous wrong done to Merope ,
and he was expelled from Ch i os The sound of t he .
Cyclopes hammers led h im t o the abode of Vulcan

who gave h i m a gu i de He then consulted an .
oracle and had h is s ight restored as L ongfellow

, ,
says by xing ,

H i s blank eyes upo n the sun .
H e was afterwards slain by D ian a and p l aced

a mo n gst t he s t ars where his cons t ellat i on is o n e
,
o f t he most splendid .
'
ORI T HY IA A daughter of E rechtheus whose lover
.
, ,
B oreas carried her o ff while she was wandering by

,
the ri ver I l i ssus Her children were Z etes and

.
Calai s two w i nged warriors who a ccompanied th e

,
Argonauts .
'
OR M U Z D I n Persian mytho l ogy the c reat o r o f all
.
things .

O R OS . The E gyptian Apollo .
OR PH ANS , see Orb o n a .
OR PH EUS
'
was s o n o f Apollo and the Mus e Call iope .
He was married to E urydice but s h e was stung

by a serpen t and died Orpheus went down to
, .
Hades to cla i m her and played so swee t ly w i th his

,
l ute that Plu t o all owed E uryd i ce to re t urn to the

earth with Orpheus b ut o n cond i tion t hat he d i d ,
n o t look beh i nd him unt i l he had reached the

terrestrial regio n s Orpheus however in his .
, ,
anxie ty to see i f sh e were followi ng him looked ,
round and E uryd i ce disappeared from his sight

, ,
instantly and for ever .

Orpheu s lute was s t rung with poets sinews

.
S HA K ES P EARE .

OSI RIS The E gyptian god o f the sun
. he was w or
shipped under the form o f an o x .
5
A ft er these appeared
o
A c r e w who under names of o ld reno wn

, ,
O siris I sis Orus and their train

, , , ,
With monst rous shapes and sorceries abus e d

F anatic E gypt and her pri ests to seek
The i r wand ering gods di sg uised in brutish fo rm s ,
R ather than human

M IL T ON . .
'
OS SA . On e of
the m o untains which the giants piled
o n the top o f Olympus t o e n able th e m to as ce nd
to heaven and attack the gods .
Ox, s e e A pis .
OW L, s ee E s c ul a p ius an d I t y s
PA CT O L US
The ri ver in Lydia where Midas
.
washed himself by order o f Bac c hus and the ,
sands were turned to gold .
PIE AN

A
name given to Apol l o fro m p ec a n the
.
, ,
hymn which was sung in his hono ur after he had

killed the serpent Python .
With hymns divine the j oyo u s banquet ends ,

Th e Paeans lengthened til l the s un des c ends .
P O PE .
PA LIE M ON, '

or Me li c erta a s e a god
,
-
, s on o f A thamas
and I no .
'
P A LES The goddess of Shepherds and prot e ctress o f
.
ocks her fes t ivals were called Pali lia .
Pomona loves the orchard ,
An d L iber loves the w i ne ,
A nd Pales loves the s tra wbuilt she d -

,

Wa rm with the breath o f kine .
M A C AULA Y .
Great Pales help the pastoral rites I sing , ,

With hum o le duty mentioning each thing .
P O PE .

P ALLA D IU M A famous statue of the goddess Pallas
.
(Minerva) S he i s s i tting wi th a spear in her

.
r i ght hand and in h er left a d is t a and sp indle

'
.
,
Var i ous accounts are given o f the orig i n o f it .
S ome wri t ers s a y it fell from the skies I t was .
supposed t ha t t he preservat i on o f the statue would

be t he p reserva t i on of Troy ; and duri ng t he
Troj an War t he Greeks were great ly encouraged
when they became the possessors of i t .

PAL LAS or Minerva , . The name was given t o Min
from it numb erless diseases and evil s which w e r e

soon spread all over the world an d fro m that ,
momen t they have af i cted the human ra ce I t .
is said that Hope alone remained in the b ox .
More lovely than Pandora wh o m th e gods ,

E ndowed with a l l their gifts M IL T ON . .
PAN T H E ON
The t emple o f al l the gods buil t by
.
,
Agrippa at Ro me in the reign o f Augustus I t

, .
was 1 44 feet in diameter and 1 44 feet high ; and ,
was built in the Corinthian style of architecture ,
mostly o f marble ; while i ts walls were covered

wi t h engraved brass a n d S ilver I ts magnicen c e .
induced Pl i ny to giv e it rank amongst the w o nde rs

o f the wor l d .
PA PH I A, a nam e o f Venus

.
PAP R E M I S
'
. The E gyptian Mars .
PAR CIE TH E were goddesses who presid e d ov e r the

'
, ,
des tiny o f human be ings They were also called .
t he Fates and were t hree in number Atrop o s

, , ,
Cloth e and L achesis S ee Fates

, . .
PAR IS was

of Priam king of T roy an d h is
s on , ,
mo t h er was Hecuba I t had been predicted that .
he would be t he cause of the destruc t ion of Troy ,
and his fa t her t herefore ordered him to be

strangled as soon as he was born ; but the slave
who had been entrusted wit h this miss i on t ook
the ch ild t o Mount I da and left it t here S o me , .
shepherds ho w ever found the infant and took

, ,
care of h i m He lived amongs t them till he had

.
grown to man s es t at e and he then married

(E none a nymph o f I d a
, At the famous nuptial .
feast o f Peleus and Thetis D iscordia who had , ,

n o t been invited attended secretly ; an d when,
a ll were assembled sh e threw amo ngst the ,

,
goddess e s a golden apple o n which wa s inscribed ,

L et the fai res t take i t This occasioned a great .
c onten t io n for each though t herself the fa i rest

, .
U ltimately the con t estan t s were reduced to three

, ,
J uno Pallas (Minerva) and Venus ; but J ove

, ,
himself could n o t make these three agree and it ,
was decided that Paris should be the umpire He .
was sent for and each of the goddesses courted

,
his fa vo ur by o ffering all sorts o f bribes Jun e .
Offere d him power Pallas w i sdom and Venus , ,
promised him the most beau ti ful woman in t he

world Pa ris gave the golden apple to Venus
. .
S o o n after this episode Pria m owned Paris as h i s

s o n and sent him t o Greece t o fe t ch Helen who
, ,
was renowned as being the most beaut iful woman

in the world S he was the wife of Menelaus k ing
.
,
o f S parta ; but dur i ng h i s a bsence Paris carri ed

Helen away t o Tro y and t hi s gave r i se t o the cele,
b ra t e d war be tween the Greeks a n d t he Troj ans ,
which ended in the destruc t i on o f Troy Paris .
wa s amongst the Troj ans who fell during

o r after the siege .
PA RN AS S I DE S a name common to the Muses from

, ,
Mount Parnassus .

PARNAS SUS Th e mountain o f the Muses in Phocis
.
,
and sacred to Apollo and B acchus An y o n e who .
slept o n t h i s moun t ai n became a poet I t was .
n amed after o n e of the s o n s of B acchus .

PAR T H EN ON The temple of Minerva (or Pallas ) at
.
,
Athens I t was destroyed by the Persians and

.
,
rebuilt by Pericles .
P AR T H ENOS was a nam e o f Jun e and als o o f

,
Mrn erva S e e Pallas

. .

P ASI PH AE was the rep u ted m o ther o f the Minotaur
killed by Theseus S he was said to be t he .
daughter o f S 0 1 and Pers eis and h e r h u sband was ,
Min e s king o f Crete

, .
'
P ASI T H EA S ometimes ther e are f our Gra c es s p oken
.
of when this is s o the nam e of th e fourth is ,
Pasithea .

P A VAN, the Hindoo go d of th e win d s .
P EA C E se e Con c ordia
,
.
P EA C O C K , s ee Argu s .

P E G ASUS The famous winged hors e which was said
.
t o have sprung from the blood o f Medusa when

her head was cut o ff by Perseus His a b o d e was .
o n Moun t Helicon where by strik ing the ground , ,
with h i s hoof he caused water to spring fo rt h

, ,
which formed the fountain afterwards called Hip

p o c ren e .

Thy stumblin g fo un d er d j ade c an t ro t as high

A s any oth er Pegasus c an y .
EARL o r DORSE T .
To turn and wind a ery Pegasus ,

A n d witch the world with noble horsemanship .
S H A K ES P EARE .
PE LEUS wh o
'
. ki ng o f Th e ssal y
A , married Thetis ,
o ne o f the N ereids .

P E LIAS . N eptune and Tyre He usurped
A s on o f .
the throne o f Cretheus which Jason was per ,
s ua d ed t o relinquish an d take the command o f

the Argonautic expedition On the return o f .
Jason Medea the sorceress undertook t o restore

, , ,
Pelias to youth but required that the b o dy should

,
'
rs t b e cut u p and put in a c al dr on o f b o iling

water When this had been d o n e Medea re fused

.
,
to ful l her promise Pel i as had fo ur daughters .

,
who were called the Pelia d es .
PE LIAS was the name o f the spear of A chill es whi c h

,
w as so large that n o n e c ou l d wield it but th e her o

himse l f .

PE L I ON A well wooded mountain famo u s for the
.
-
,
wars between t he giants and the gods and as the ,
a b o d e o f th e Centaurs who were expelled by th e ,
L apith ae .
The gods they ch allenge and affect the ski e s , ,
Heaved on Olympus t o t t erin g Ossa stood

On Ossa Pelion n o d s wi t h a l l h is wood
, .
P OP E .
P E L OP S ,

Tantalus kin g of Phrygia
son of His , .
father k illed him and served him up t o be eaten ,
at a feast given to the gods who when they found , ,
o ut what t he father o f Pelops had done restored ,
the son to l i fe and he afterwards became the h us

,
band o f Hippodamia .
P ENA T ES Ro ma n

. domesti c go d s . S ee L ares .
PER P E T UAL P UNIS HM EN T S isyphus ,

s ee .
PERSE PH ONE
The Greek name o f Proserpin e
. .
P ER SEUS was a s o n of Jupiter and D an ae the daughter

'
,
o f A crisius His rst famous exploi t was against

.
the Gorgon Medusa He was ass i s t ed in th i s e u

,
.
t erpris e by Plut o who lent him a helmet which ,
would make h im invisible Pallas lent him her .
shield and Mercury supplied him w i th wings

,
.
He made a speedy conquest o f the Gorgons and ,
cut o ff Medusa s head w i t h wh i ch he ew through
the air and from the b l o o d sprang the winged

,
86 A HA ND Y DICTIONA R Y
horse Pegasus A s he ew al ong he saw A ndre

.
meda chai ned t o the rock and a s ea monster ready ,

-
to devour her He k i lled the monster and marri ed

.
,
Andromeda When he got back he showed the

.
,
Gorgon s head to King Po l yd e c t es and the monar c h

,
was immediately turn ed into stone .
N ew
on D aedalian waxen pinions stray ,

Or those which waft ed Perseus on his way .
F LE W IS .
P ERSUASIO N goddess o f s ee Pitho

, ,
P HA E T ON A
S ol or according t o most

. son of , ,
mythologists o f Ph oebus and Clymene Anxious

, .
to display his skill in horsemanship he was ,
allowed t o drive the chariot of the sun for o n e

day The horses soon found o ut t he incapac i ty
.
of the charioteer became unmanageable and over

, ,
t urned t he chariot There was such great fear of.
injury t o heaven and earth that J e v e to stop t he , ,
destruction ki lled Phaeton wi t h a thunderbolt

, .
New Phaeton by lofty hopes possessed

, ,

The burning seat wit h youthful vigour press e d .
Th e breathless Ph a eton with amin g hair , ,
S hot from the char i ot l ike a falling s t ar

That in a summer s evening from t he top

Of heaven drops down o r seems at least to d rop , .
ADDISON .
PHA
ON . boatman wh o received from Venus a b ox
A ,
o f o i ntment w i t h wh ich when he anoin t ed himself

, , ,
he grew so beautiful t hat S appho became en

a mo ure d o f h im but when the ointment had all
been used Pha e n returned t o h i s former condition ,
and S appho in despair drowned herself

, ,
.
P H EASAN T see I ty s,
.

PH I L OC TE T ES was s on o f P oeas and one o f t h e c om,
panions o f Jason o n h is Argonautic expedition .
He was present at the dea t h of Hercules and re ,
c eive d from him the po i soned arrows which had

been dipped in the blood o f t he Hydra These .
arrows an oracle declared were n ecessary t o b e

, ,
used in the destruc t i on o f Troy and Ph i loctetes ,
was persuaded by U lysses to go and ass i st at the

siege He appears to have used the weapons wi t h
.
great dexteri ty and wi th wonderful effect for Paris ,
was amongst the heroes whom he killed .

P H IL OM E LA was a daughter Pandion King o f of ,
Athens who was transformed into a nigh t ingal e

, .
Forth l ike a fury Philomela ew,

An d at his face the head o f I tys thr e w .
P OP E .
An d thou , mel odious Philo mel ,

A gain thy plaintive story tell .
S ir TH O M AS L YTT LE T ON .

PH LE G E T HON A river o f re in the infernal regio n s
. .
I t was the picture o f desolat i on for n othing could ,
g ro w on its parch e d and wi thered banks .
I nfernal rivers
Fi erce Phl egethon ,

Whos e waves of t o rren t re inam e with rage .
M ILT ON .
PH LE G ON (earth l ovi ng) , on e

of the four chariot
horses of S ol .
P H LEGYAS

S on of Mars and father o f I xion and
.
Coronis Fo r his imp i e t y in d esecrat i ng and

.
plundering the temple of Apollo at D elphi he was ,
sent to Hades and there was made t o s i t with a

,
huge stone suspended over his head re a dy t o b e ,
dropped o n him at any moment .
PH CE BUS

A n ame of A pollo S ignifying l ight an d l ife
.
, .
Gallop apace you e ry foo t ed steeds ,

-
,

Towards Phoebus lodging .
S H AK ES P EARE .
PHOR CUS A son of N eptune father of th e G o rg o ns

'
.
, .
PH RYx Us ,
'
s ee Gol den Fleece .

P I C U M NUS rural divinity wh o presided ov e r the
. A ,
manurin g of l ands called a l so S t erent ius , .
P I C US A
'
. of S aturn fath er o f Fau nus was
so n , ,
turned into a woodpe cker by Circe whose l ov e he ,
had not requited .
'
P IER IDES A name of the Muses derived from Pi e ria
.
, ,
a fountain near Mount Olympus where they were ,
supposed t o have bee n born Also t he daughters .

,
o f Pierus a k ing of Macedon i a who settled in

, ,
B oeotia They challenged the Muses t o s ing and

.
,
were changed into magpies .
P ILLAR , see Calpe

'
P ILU M NUS A rural divinity which p r e si d e d o ve r
.
,
the corn while it was being g ro un d .
P INE TREE s e e Atys

-
, .
'
P IRI T H OUS A s o n of I xion and great fri e n d o f
.
Theseus K i ng o f Athens The marr i ag e o f Pirit h

, .
o us and Hip podamia became famous for the

quarrel between the drunken Cen t aurs and the
L api th ae wh o w i th t he help of Theseus Pirithous
, , , ,
and Hercules a t tacked and overcame the Centaurs

, ,
many o f who m were killed and th e r e st to o k t o ,
ight .
90 A H AND Y DICTIONA R Y
P LU V I US A name of Jupiter b ec ause h e ha d th e

'
.
,
r ain in his con t rol .
P ODALIR IUS A famous surgeon a son o f E s c ul a pius

.
, ,
who was very servi c eable amongst th e soldiers in

the Troj an war .
P OE T see Parnassus
, .
P OE T R Y , see Ap o ll o Calliope , T h e M u s e s , .
P OIS ON OUS HER BS s ee Circe , .
P OIS ONOUS L A K E s e e A vernus , .
POLL E AR
'
S on o f S iva the Hin d o o go d o f wis dom
.
, .
Po L LUx

Twin brother of Castor Their father was
. .
Jup i ter and t he i r mo t her L eda He and h is .
brother form t he constellat i on G e mini His Greek .
n ame was Polydeuces S ee E d ep ol . .
Po LYBo TE S On e of the giants wh o m ad e wa r against

.
Jup i ter .
POLYDE C TE S was turned into stone when P e rs eu s

s h o we d h im Medusa s head

S ee Perseus . .
'
P OL Y DEU C ES . The Greek name of Pollux .
P OL YHYM NIA D aughter o f Jupiter and Mnemosyn e

'
. .
On e of the Muses wh o presided over sin ging and

rhetoric .

P OL YPH E M US o ne o f the most celebrated o f the
,
Cyclopes a son of N ep tun e He captured U lysses

, .
and twelve of his c ompanions a n d it is said that ,
s ix of t hem were eaten The rest escaped by the .

ingenui ty of U lysses who destroyed the C yclop s ,
one eye wi t h a reb ra n d .

Charybdis barks and Polyph em us roars .
FRAN C IS .

P OL YX ENA D aughter of Priam king of Troy I t
.
, .
a s b
y he r treachery that Achilles was shot in the
X ccl
'
P OM O NA The R oman goddess o f fru i ts an d gard e ns
. .
S o to the sylvan lodge

They cam e that l i ke Pomona s arbour smile d ,

W ith o weret s decked and fra grant smells .
MIL T ON .
P OP L AR TREE s e e Helra d es
O
-
, .

P OR T U NUS (Pal aemon) I no was g o d of harbours , s on o f , .
'
P OSEI D ON A name o f N eptune
. .
'
P RA C RI T I The Hindoo goddess o f natur e
. .
P REDI C T IONS s ee Cassandra ,

.
'
P RI A M The last k i ng o f Tro y S ee Paris
. . .

P RIA P US the guard i an o f gardens and god of natural
,
reproduction was s on o f Ve n us and Bacchus , .
Priapus could not half d escr ibe the grace

(Though g o d o f gardens ) o f this charmin g place .
P O PE .

P RIS C A Another name o f Vesta
. .
P RO C RIS
'
D aughter o f the king o f A thens
. S ee .
Cephalus .
'
P R O G NE wife o f Tereus
,
S ee I tys and Tereus . .
Compl aining o ft gives respi t e to o ur gr i ef ,

From hence the wretched Progne sough t relief .
F L E W IS . .
P RO M E T H EUS was s o n o f J a p et es and fa ther o f

'
D eucalion He presumed to make clay men and

.
,
animate them wi t h re whi ch he had s t olen from

heave n This s o di spleased Jup i t er that h e sent
.
him a box full o f ev i ls which Prometheus refused ; ,
b u t his br o ther E pime theus not s o cau t ious opened , ,

it and the evils spread over all the earth J upit e r

, .
then punished Prome theus by commanding Mer

cury t o bind him t o Mount Ca ucasus where a vul ,
ture daily preyed u pon his liver which grew in ,
t he night as much as it had been reduced in the

day s o that the punishment was a prolonged
,
torture Hercules at l ast ki lled the vu ltur e and

.
s e t Prometheus free .
P R OPH E CY, see Ne r e u s .
A d a ugh t e r of J upiter and Ceres Pl ut o

PR OSER P INE . .
carried her o ff to t he infernal reg i ons and made

her his wife S he was kno wn by the names o f
.

the Q ueen of Hell , Hecate, J u no I nferna, a n d
L ibitina .
He sung and he ll consented

,

To hear the p o et s prayer ,
S tern Proserpine relented ,

An d gave him back the fair .
F L E W IS
. .
P R O T EUS deity wh o c ould foretell events

A marine
'
.
,
and convert himself at will in t o all sorts o f shap e s .
Th e changeful Proteus wh ose p ro ph et ic mind

, ,

The s ec ret cau se o f Ba cc hus rage d i vined
.
Th e Lns ia d .

What c hain c an h old this vary ing Proteus fast l
BUDGE LL
mi
.
'
P S Y CH E The wife of Cupid The na e
. . s Gr eek,
signifying the soul o r sp irit .
PYGM A LI ON
famous sculptor wh o ha d reso l ved
. A
t o remain unmarr i ed but he made such a beautiful
,
stat ue o f a g o d d es s that he begged Venus t o give

RA C E ,
s ee A talanta .
'
RADAM AN TH US , s e e Rhadamanthus .
RA G E ,
see Furies .
RAIN BO W I ris ,
s ee .
RA M A
'
A Hindoo god who w as th e t e rr e strial
. , re
pres e ntative o f V i shnu .
RA M

S HIDE , s ee Go l den Fleec e .
REEDS , see Pa n and S yrinx .
BE M RH A
'
The Hindoo g o dd e ss o f pleasure
. .
RE P RODU C T ION, s ee Priapus .
RES T , se e Q uies .
RE VEN G E s e e A t e ,
.
RH ADA M AN T H US a s o n o f J upiter an d E ur o pa was

, ,
the j udge o f the Asiatics in the infernal regions .
These are the realms of unrelenting fate

A nd aw ful Rhada man t hus rules the state .
He hears and j udges each commi t ted crime ,
I nquires into t he manner place and tim e , ,
The conscious wretch must all his acts rev e al ,
L oth to confess unable t o conceal ,
F rom t he rs t moment of h i s vi t al breath ,

To t he l ast hour o f unrepen t i ng dea th .
DRY DEN .

RHA M N U S I A A name of N emesis from R hamnus a
.
, ,
to wn in A ttica where sh e had a temple in which ,
was her statue made of o n e s t o n e ten c ubits high

, .

RH E A . The Greek name of Cybele .
RH E T OR I C , s ee Calliope Polyhymnia , .
OF I I YTH OL OG Y . 95
RI CH ES, Pl utu s see .
RIDDLE s ee S phinx
, .
A Phrygian g o d o f wh om Mil ton s ays

RI M M ON .
R immon whose delightfu l seat ,
Was fair D amascus on the ferti le banks ,

Of Abana and Pharpar l u c id str eams , .
RI OT, se e S aturnalia .
RI V ER OF FIRE , see Phl egethon .
ROADS, s ee V ia lis .
ROBBER, Cacus Coc cul us

s ee , .

ROM ULUS The traditional founder o f R om e He
. .
was a s o n of Mars and I lia and twin brother of ,
R emus The i nfants were thrown into the T i ber

.
,
but wer e miraculously saved and suckled by a

s h e wolf -
til l they were found by Faustulus a
, ,
shepherd who brought them up , Remus was .
killed i n a quarrel wi t h his brother and R omu lus ,
became the famous emperor .
RU M I A DE A
'
. The R o man goddes s o f babes in arms .
'
RUN CI A . Th e goddess of weedin g or c l eansing th e
ground .
SA C R I FI C E S were cer e monious offerings made to

the g o ds To every deity a dis t inct v ictim was
.
allott ed and the grea t est care was always taken

,
in the selection o f t hem Anyth ing in any way .
blemished was cons i dered as an insul t t o t he god .
A t the time of the sacri ce t he people were called

toge ther by heralds led by a pro c es s io n of music i ans .
The pri es t clo thed in wh i te was crowned wi t h a

, ,
wreath made o f the leaves o f the tree which was

96 A HA ND Y DICTI ONA R Y
sa c red to the particular god to whom th e sacri ce

wa s o ffered The vic t i m had its h o rn s gil t and
.
,
wa s adorned with a Chaplet similar to that o f the

p riest and was deco ra ted with b ri gh t coloured
,
-

ribbons The pries t th en said Who is here ?
.
,

to which t he spectators replied Many g o o d ,

people Begone all ye who are profane said
.
,
the priest and he then began a prayer addressed

to all the gods The sacrice was begun by put .
ting corn frankincense our salt cakes and fruit

, , , , ,
o n t he head of t he vic t im Th i s was called the .
I mmolation The priest then t o ok a cup o f win e

.
,
tasted it and handed it to the bystanders t o taste

,
a l s o ; some o f i t was then poured between t h e
h o rn s o f t he v i ct i m and a few o f the saturated ,
hairs were pulled off and put in the re which

was burning o n t h e altar Then turning to the .
,
east t h e pri est drew wi th his knife a crooked lin e

,
a l o n g the back of the beast from t he head to the

tai l and told the assistan t s t o kill the animal
, .
This was d o n e directly and the entrails o f the ,
vict i m taken o ut and carefully examined by t he

Aruspices to nd o ut what was prognosticated .
The carcase was then divided and the thighs , ,
covered wit h fa t were put in the re a n d the rest

/ , ,
o f the animal was cut up cooked a n d eaten , , .
This feast was celebrated w i t h dancing music and , ,
hymns in prai se of the g o d in whose hon o ur th e

,
sacrice was made On great occas i ons as many .
as a hundred bullocks were offered at o n e t ime ;

an d i t i s said tha t Py thagoras made th i s o ffering
when he found out the demons tra tion o f t h e
forty s e venth proposition o f the book o f E uclid
-
.
of

S A GA . Th e S candinavian goddess history .

S A GGI TA R I US , s ee Chiron .
98 A H A N D Y DI CTI ON A R Y

SA TYA V RA TA . Th e H i n doo god of l aw . Th e sam e
as M en u .

SAT Y R S w er e t h e att e n dan ts of S ile n us , a n d wer e
s i m il ar in most re sp e c ts to t h e fau n s who
att en d e d Pa n S ee S il en us . .
F i v e satyrs of t he woodl an d sort ,
T h ei r e ars pric k d up th ei r n ose s short

, ,

Wi th ass e s hoofs , gre at go ggl e e y e s,

An d doub l e c h i n s o f mo n strous s i' e .
YA LDE N .

S CYL LA A b e aut i fu l n ymph wh o ex ci te d t h e j e al ousy
.
o f N e ptu n e s wi fe, A mph i t r i t e , a n d was c han g e d

by t h e go dde ss i n t o a fr ightful s ea mo n st er, wh ic h -
had s i x fe arfu ll y ugl y h ea ds a n d n e c ks, a nd wh o ,

r i s in g u n exp e c te dl y fro m t h e d eep, us e d t o tak e
off as m a n y as s i x s a il o r s from a v e ss el , a n d c a rry
th e m t o t h e bott o m of t h e s ea An al t ern at i v e .
dan ge r w i th Cha rybd i s .
Th er e o n t h e r ight h er dogs fou l S c yll a h id es ,

Charybd i s roar i n g o n t h e l e ft pr e s i d e s .
VI RGIL .
S CYL

LA daught e r of N ys us who was c han ge d
. A ,
i n t o a l a rk fo r c utt in g off a c harm e d l o c k o f h er

fath er s ha i r S e e N ys us

. .
SEA , s ee N eptu n e .
S E ASON S , s ee V ertum n us .
SE A -
WE E D ,
s ee G l au c us .
S E GE S TA rura l d iv in ity who prot ec t e d c orn

. A
dur i n g harvest t im e -
.
0F M YTH OL OG Y . 99
SE M . Th e E gypt i an H e r c u l e s .
S E M E LE , t h e

mo th er o f B a cchus was born in a m i ra ,
o u l o us m a n n e r a ft er J up i t e r had v i s i t e d h er at ,
h er sp e ci al r e qu e st in a ll h i s t e r r ib l e sp l en dour
, .
Sh e was d ei e d aft er h e r d eath a n d n am e d ,
Thy o n e .
S E M I DE I w e r e t h e d em i g o ds
- -
.
SEM O N E S Ro man gods o f a cl a ss b etw e en t h e im

.

m o rt a l a nd t he m o rtal , su c h as t h e S atyrs
a n d F au n s .

S EPTE R I ON . A
fe st iva l h el d in ho n our o f Ap o ll o at ,
wh ic h t h e v ic t o r y o f tha t g o d over t h e P yth o n was

grandl y r epr es en t ed .

S E R A PI S . Th e E gy pt i a n Jup it er a n d gen er a ll y c o n
,
s id e re d to b e t h e s a m e as Os i r i s S ee Ap i s
. .
S E R PE N T Gr e eks a n d Ro man s c on s i d er e d t h e
. Th e
s erp en t as symb o lic a l o f gua r d ia n sp irits a n d a s ,
su c h w er e o ft en e n gra v e d o n th ei r a l t a r s S ee .
E s c ul a p ius, A poll o , Ch im era, E u rydic e a nd ,
M e dusa .
P l e a s i n g was hi s shap e,
An d l o v el y n e v er s in c e o f s e rp en t k in d ,
Lo v e li er n o t th o s e th a t in I llyri a c han g ed
H ermi o n e a n d Ca dmu s o r t h e g o d ,
I n E p i d a u r us n o r t o wh ic h tran sform e d
,
Ammo n ia n J ov e, or Ca p i to li n e, was s e en

.
M IL T ON .
'
SES H AN A G A Th e E g ypt i an P l uto
. .
S E WE R S , se e Cl o a c in a .
S HARP -
S IGH TE DN E SS , s ee Lyn c eus .
S H E PH E R DS , s ee Pa n .
1 00 A H A N D Y DICTIONA R Y
S H I E L DS, s ee An cili a .
S H I PS s ee N e ptu n e
,
.
S IL E N CE s e e H arpo c ra t e s a n d Ta ci ta
, .
S ILE N U S

A B a cc ha na li a n d e mi g o d t h e c h i e f of th e
.
-
,
S atyrs He i s g e n e r a ll y r e p r e s en te d as a fa t
.
,
dru nken o l d ma n ri d i n g o n a n ass a nd c rown ed

, ,
wi th owers .
An d th er e two S a tyrs o n t h e gro un d ,

S tret c h e d at h i s e as e th e i r s ir e S ilen us foun d
, .
S I N GI N G s ee Po lyhym n i a Tha n yris

, , .
'
S I R EN S TH E , S ea n ymphs who b y th ei r mus ic
.
,
a ll ure d mari n ers t o d e s tru c t i o n To av o i d t h e .
s n are wh en n earin g th eir a bod e Ul yss e s had t h e ,
e a rs of h is c o mpan i o n s s t o pp e d w i th wax a n d had ,
h ims e l f t i e d to t h e mast of h i s shi p Th ey thus .
sail e d past in safety but t h e S ir en s th i nk i n g that ,
th e i r c harms had l ost thei r pow ers dro wn e d them ,
s elves .
S I S Y PH U S s o n o f E o l us a n d En a ret t a

, H e wa s c o n .
d emn e d to r o ll a st o n e t o t h e t o p o f a h ill in th e
in fern a l r egi o n s a n d a s i t r o lle d d o wn aga in wh en
,
h e r e a c h e d t h e summ i t hi s pu ni shm en t was ,

p e rp etual .
I turn e d my eye a n d as I tu rn e d surv eye d , ,
A m o ur n ful v is i o n Th e S i syph i an shad e ,
W i th m a n y a w e ary st e p a n d ma n y a g r o a n ,
Up t h e h igh h ill h e h ea v e s a hug e r o u n d sto n e ,
Th e h ug e r oun d st o n e r e su l t i n g wi th a b o u n d
, ,
T hu n d er s i mp etuous down a n d smo ke s alo n g ,

t h e gr o u n d . P OPE .
Thy st o n e 0 S i syp hus sta n ds still

, , ,
I xi o n r e st s up o n his w h e el ,

An d t h e pal e sp e c tre s dan c e .
F LE W I S
. .
r i ddl e thus Ma n i s t h e an i mal ; for wh en a n ,
i nfa n t h e c ra wl s o n h i s han ds a n d fee t in th e ,
n oo n ti d e o f li fe h e w a l ks er e c t a n d as t h e ev e n i n g ,
o f h i s e x i st en c e s e ts in h e supports h i ms el f w i th ,
a stick Wh en t h e sph in x foun d h er ri dd l e

.
so l ve d sh e d estroy e d h e rs el f .
S PIDE R s ee A ra chn e
, .
S PI N DLE s ee Pa l l as
, .
S PI N N I N G s ee A ra c h n e Erg o t is
, , .
S PR I N G s e e V ertumn us
, .
S T ABL E , s ee Aug aea s .
S T AR S, s ee A ur o ra .
Th e Roman g o d who in v en t e d
'
S TE R E N TI US . th e art
O f ma n uri n g l a n ds S ee al so P ic um n us . .

S TE R OPE S . On e of t h e Cy cl op e s .
S T ON E , s ee M e dus a a nd P hl e gyas .
S T ON E (r o lli ng) s ee S i syphus , .
S TR E E T S , s e e A po ll o .
' '
S T YM PH ALI DES Th e c ar n i v orous b irds d estroy e d in
.
t h e s i xth l abour o f H er c u l es .
STYx . A n ote d r i v er o f h ell wh ic h was h el d in su c h ,
h igh e st ee m by t h e g o ds th a t th e y a l wa ys swo r e

B y t h e S tyx, a n d su c h a n o a th was n e v er
v i o l at e d S e e A c hi ll e s a n d Th et i s
. .
To s e a l h i s sa c re d vow by S tyx h e swore

Th e l ak e wi th li qu i d p i t c h t h e dr e ary shore

, .
DRY DE N .
I n fer n al r i v ers that d i sgo rge

I n to t h e b urn in g l ak e th e ir b a l e ful st re ams ,

Abhorr ed S tyx, t h e o od o f d e ad ly hat e .
M ILT ON .
'
S UA DA, th e godd e ss of P ersuas i o n . Se e Pi tho .
S UCCESS , s ee B o n us E v en tus .
S UN, s ee Aurora , B el us, S o l, a nd S urya .
S UN F L OW E R , see Cl yt i e .
' '
S URA DE VI . Th e H i n doo g o dd ess of w in e .

S UR GE ON, s e e P o da li r i us .
Th e Hi ndoo
'
SU RY A . god c orr e spon d ing to t he
Roman S o l , t h e s un .
S WALL O W, s ee I tys .
S WA N , s ee Cygn us a nd Leda .
S W I F T N ES S , s ee A tal an ta .
S W IN E, s ee Ci r ce .
S YL PH S . Gen ii w ho, a cc ord i n g to P l ato li v e d , in th e

a i r.
Th e light c oqu ett e s as S yl phs al oft r epai r ,

An d sport a n d u t ter in t h e el ds of a ir .
P OPE .

S YL V E STE R Th e n a m e o f M a r s w h en
. h e w as i n v o k e d
to prot e c t c u l t ivat e d l an d from t h e rav a ge s o f war .
SYRI N x Th e n am e of t h e n ymph who , t o e s c a p e fr o m

.
t h e i mportun i t i e s of Pa n , was by Di a n a c h a n ge d
in t o r e eds , o ut o f w h ic h h e mad e h i s c elebrat e d

p i p es , a n d n am e d th em Th e S yr in x .
TA C I T A
. Th e godd e ss of S il en ce . S ee Harpo c rat e s
T AN TALU S F a th er o f N i ob e a n d P el o ps who as a
'
.
, ,
pun i shm en t fo r s erv in g up h i s s o n Pe l o ps a s m e at

at a fe ast g iv e n to t h e gods w as p l a c e d in a p o o l ,
of wat e r in t h e i n fern al r e gi o n s ; b ut th e wat ers

r e c e d e d fr o m h i m wh en e v er h e a tt empt e d to qu en c h
h i s burn i n g th i rst H en ce t h e word tan tali s in g . .
S p e a k i n g of th i s g o d H o m er s U l yss es says

, ,

I saw t h e s e v er e pu n i sh men t o f T a n t a l us In .
a l a k e whos e wat ers appr o a c h e d t o h i s li ps h e

, ,
sto o d burn in g w i th th irst Wi thout t h e p o w er t o ,
drin k W h en ev er h e in cli n e d h i s h e ad to t h e
.
str eam som e d ei ty c omman d e d i t to b e dry a n d

, ,
t h e d a rk e arth app e ar e d at h i s fe et Aro u n d h im .
l o fty tr ee s spr e ad th ei r fru i ts to v i ew ; t h e p e ar ,
t h e p o me gra n at e a n d t h e app l e t h e gr een o l i v e

, , ,
a n d t h e l us ci ous g qu i v e r e d b efo r e h im wh ich , ,
wh en ev er h e e xt en d e d h i s han d to s ei' e th em ,
w e r e sn at c h e d by th e Win ds i nto cl ouds a n d

obs c uri ty .

Th er e Tan tal us a l o n g t h e S tygi an b oun d
, , ,
P o urs o ut d ee p groan s hi s g roan s through h ell ,

-
r es o u n d .
E e n in t h e cir cli n g o o d r e fr e shm en t c rav e s

An d p in e s w i th th i rst am i dst a s ea of wav e s .
An d of i ts el f t h e wat er i es
Al l tast e of li v in g Wi ght as o n ce i t e d ,

Th e li p of Tan tal us M ILT ON . .
T A R T A R US

. An i n n e r r egi o n of h ell , to wh ic h the
gods s en t t h e exc ept i o n a ll y d eprav e d .
TE L CH I N E S
'
. P r ie sts of Cyb ele, who w er e famous
magi ci a n s .

TE L LUs . A n am e of Cyb el e w i fe of S aturn
,
.
T E M PE ST S ,
s ee F ro .
TE M PLE . d i c e er e c t e d to t h e hon our of a god

An e
o r godd e ss in wh ic h t h e sa c r i ce s w er e o ffe r e d .
1 06 A HA ND Y DICTIONA R Y
T H E M I S a daught er of Coel us a n d T erra a n d w i fe

'
, ,
of J up i t er w as t h e Ro man godd ess of l aws c er e

, ,
mo n i es a n d ora cl e s ,
.
THE SE U S On e of t h e most famous o f t h e Greek

.
h ero es H e was a s o n of IEg eus Ki ng of A th ens

.
, .
B r ea sts th at wi th sympath i s i n g ard o ur gl o w e d ,

An d ho l y fr i en dsh ip su c h as Th e s eus v o w e d .
BUDGE LL .

THE SM ON PH O M US A n am e of Cer e s . .
T HE T I S A s ea godd e ss daught er of N er eus a n d

.
,
Do r i s H er husba n d wa s P el eus Ki ng of Th e s
.
,
sal y a n d sh e w as t h e m o th er o f t h e fa mous
,
A c hill es w h o m sh e r en d er e d a ll but i n vu l n e r a b l e
,
by d ipp i ng h im i n t o t h e Riv er S tyx S ee A chill es . .
T H I EF s ee Lav ern a M er c ury

, , .
T H OR Th e S ca n d in av ia n wa r god (s o n o f Odin ) who

.
,
h a d ru l e o v e r t h e a e r i a l r eg i o n s a n d l ik e J up i t er , , ,
hurl e d thu n de r a gain st h i s fo e s .
T H OR S B E L T i s a g i r dl e wh ic h d o ub l es h i s str ength

,
wh e nev er t h e w ar g o d puts i t o n -
.
T H OTH Th e M er c ury of t h e E gypt i a n s

. .
T H R E AD OF LI F E s ee F a t e s ,
.
T H U N DE RBOL T S s ee Cy cl o ps ,
.
TH UN DE RE R , TH E , J up it er . S ee To n it rua l is .
0 k i n g o f go ds a n d men wh o s e aw ful han d ,
Di sp ers e s thu n d er o n t h e s eas a n d l an d ,
Di spos in g all w i th a bs o l ut e c o mman d .

VI R GIL .

Th e e t er n al thu n d ere r sat en thro n e d in go l d .
H OM E R .
OF M YTH OLOG Y . 1 07
So wh en th ic k cl ouds enwrap t h e mou n ta i n s
h ea d ,

O er h ea v en s e xpan s e lik e o n e b l a ck c eili n g

spre ad
S udd e n t h e thu n d er e r w i th a a sh i n g ra y , ,
Burs s thr o ugh t h e dark n ess a n d l e ts d o w n th e

ti ya .

P OPE .

TH Y A , a n am e of Op s .
'
TH YA DE S . P ri e ste ss es o f B a cchus , wh o ra n wil d
in t h e h ill s , w e a r i n g t ig er ski ns a n d c arry ing
-
tor che s .

T H YR S U S a ki n d of jav eli n
, . S e e B a cc hus .
T I DE S s e e N a rya n a n
,
.
T I M E (or S aturn ) . Th e husban d of Virtu e a nd fath er

of Truth .
T I S I PH ONE
. On e of t h e F uri e s .
T I TA N E l d er broth er o f S atur n who mad e wa r

'
.
,
aga i n st h im a n d Wa s ul t imat ely van qu i sh e d by

,
J up i t er .
T I T AN S w er e t h e supp o rters of T itan in hi s war

again st S aturn a n d J up it e r .
T I TH O N U S
' '
. Th e husban d o f Aur o ra
A t t h e r equ est .
o f h is w i fe t h e g o ds gr a n t e d him i mm o rta li ty but ,
s h e fo rgot at t h e s a me t i me to a s k that h e s h o ul d
b e gr a n t e d p e rp etual y o uth Th e c o n s e q ue n c e .
wa s that T i th o n us gr e w o l d a n d d e c r e p i t wh il e ,
A urora r ema in e d as fresh a s t h e m o r n i n g Th e .
go ds h o w e v e r c han g e d h im i n t o a gra ssh o pp e r

, , ,
wh ic h i s supp o s e d t o moul t as i t gets o ld, a n d

r ws you n g a ga i n
g o .
1 08 A H A ND Y DI C TIONA R Y
T I T YU S A s on o f J up it e r A gi a n t who was thro w n

. .
in t o t h e i n n e r m o st h ell fo r in su l t in g Di a n a He .
,
li k e P r o m eth e us h a s a vu l t ure c on stan tl y fe e din g

,
o n h i s e v er grow i n g li v er -
.
T O IL s ee A tl as
,
.
T OM BS Se e M a n es
, .
T ON GUE , s ee T er eus .

TON I TRUA LI S . Th e Thu n d er e r a n am e of J up i t er .
T OWE RS ,
s ee Cyb el e .
T RAGE DY , s ee M el p o m en e .
TRE ES ,
s ee A r i st aeus .
T R I BULAT I ON ,
s ee E chi dn a .

TR I F OR M I S , s ee T ergem in a .
T R I PT OL E M U S
O c e an us a n d Te rra
. A sonHe of .

was a g r e a t fa v o u r i t e o f t h e go dd e ss Ce r e s, wh o
c u r e d h i m o f a d a n g er o us illn e ss wh en h e was
y o u n g, a n d a ft e r wa rds taught him agr ic u l ture .
S h e g a v e h i m h er c har i o t, wh ic h was d r awn by

dra go n s , in w h ic h h e c a r r i e d s ee d c o rn t o a ll t h e -
i n ha b i ta n ts o f t h e e a rth , a n d c ommu n ic at e d t h e
k n owl edg e gi v en t o h i m by Cer e s Cic ero men .
t i o n s a T r ipt o l emu s a s t h e fo urth Judge in h ell .
T r i pt o l e mus wh o s e us efu l c ar es in t en d
,

Th e c omm o n good P OPE . .

TR I TE R I CA B a cc han a li a n fe st ival s
. .
T R I T ON S w e r e s o n s o f Tr i to n a s o n of N eptun e a n d
'
,
Amph it r i t e Th e y w e r e t h e t rump e t e rs o f t h e
.
s ea g o d s a n d w e r e d e p i c t e d a s a s o r t o f m e rmen
-
,
t h e upp e r h a l f o f t h e b o dy b ein g li ke a ma n a n d ,
t h e l o w e r h a l f lik e do l ph i n s .
1 10 A H A ND Y DICTIONA R Y
Ho mer s Odyss e y H i s w i fe s n am e w as P en el op e

.
,
a n d h e w as s o mu c h e n d e a r e d t o h er th a t h e
feig n e d m a dn ess t o g et h i ms el f e x cus ed fr o m go in g

t o t h e T r oj a n wa r but h i s a rt i c e w as d i s c o v er ed ,
a n d h e w as c o mp ell e d t o
go H e w as o f gre a t
.
h el p to t h e Gr e cia n s a n d fo r c e d A c hill e s from h i s

,
r etr e at a n d Obta in e d t h e c h a r me d a rr o ws Of H er
,
c ul e s fr o m Phil o c t et es , a n d us e d th e m aga in st t h e
Troj a n s H e e n a bl e d P a r i s t o sh o ot o n e o f th em
.
at t h e h eel o f A c h ill es , a n d s o kill that c harm ed

warri o r Dur i n g h i s w a n d er i ngs o n h is h o m ewa rd
.
voya ge h e wa s ta k en p r i s o n er by t h e Cy cl op es a n d ,
e s ca p e d a ft e r b li n d i n g P o l yph e mus , th e i r c h i ef
, .
A t ZEo lia h e o bt a i n e d a ll t h e win ds o f h e av en ,

a n d p ut th e m in a bag ; b ut h i s c o mpan i o n s ,
th i n kin g th a t t h e b a gs c o n t a in e d tr ea sur e wh ic h
th ey c o ul d ro b him o f w h en th ey g o t t o I tha c a,
c ut t h e b a gs a n d l et o ut t h e wi n ds , a n d t h e shi ps
,
w er e i mmed ia t el y b l own ba ck t o ZEo lia . Aft er

.
Ci r c e h a d t u rn e d h i s c o mp a n i o n s i n to s wi n e o n
a n i s l a n d w h e r e h e a n d th e y w e r e shi p w r e c k ed , h e
c omp elle d t h e go dd ess t o r est o r e th em t o th eir

huma n s h a p e a ga i n A s h e p a ss e d t h e i sl a n ds o f
.
t h e S ir en s h e e s c a p ed th ei r all ur em e n ts by st o p
p in g t h e e a r s o f hi s c ompan i o n s wi th wax , a n d
fast en i n g h i ms el f t o t h e m a st o f h i s shi p His .
wi fe P e n el o p e was a p a tt ern o f c o n stan c y ; fo r ,
th o ugh U lys s e s was r eport ed t o b e d e a d , sh e w o ul d

n o t ma r r y a n y o n e e l s e, a n d h a d t h e s a t i s fa c ti o n o f
n d i n g h er husb a n d r eturn aft er a n abs en c e of
ab o ut tw en ty years .

To sh o w wh at p i o us Wi sdom s pow e r ca n do ,

Th e p o e t s ets U lyss es in o ur n ew .
FR AN CI S .

U N DI N E . A wat er n ymph or syl ph
, .
OF M YTH OL OG Y . 1 11
UN KN OW N GOD, AN W i th r e fer en c e t o th i s GOD

.
,
n oth i n g c a n b e mor e appropr i ate tha n S t P aul s

.
addr ess to t h e Ath en i an s as r e c o rd e d in t h e 17th

,
c hapt er o f t h e A c ts of t h e Apostl e s
Ye men Ath en s , I p er c eiv e th a t in a ll thing s
of
y e a re t o o sup e r s tit i o us Fo r a s I pass ed by a n d

.
,
b eh eld yo ur d e v o t io n s I fo un d a n a l ta r with thi s

,
ins c riptio n TO THE U N KN OWN GOD Wh o m th er efo r e

, .
ye ign o r a n t l y w o r s h ip h im d ec l a r e I un t o yo u
, Go d .
tha t ma d e t h e w o rl d a n d a l l th in gs th er e in s eeing ,
th a t h e is Lo r d o f h ea ven a n d e a rth d well eth n o t in ,
t empl e s ma d e with ha n d s ; neith e r is w o rsh ipp ed

with m en s th o ugh thing

h a n d s, a s he n e ed ed a n y ,
s e ein gh e g iv eth t o a ll life ,b r e a th a n d a ll thi ng s

a nd ,
a n d h a th ma d e o f o n e b l o o d a ll n a tio n s o f men for t o
dwell o n a ll t h e fa c e o f t h e ea r th a n d h a th d ete r ,
min ed t h e tim e s b efo r e a pp o in t e d a n d t h e b o un d s of

,
th eir h a bit a ti on th a t th ey s h o ul d s eek t h e Lo r d if ,
hap ly th ey migh t feel a fte r h im a n d n d h im th o ugh , ,
h e b e n ot fa r fr o m ev e r y o n e o f us fo r in h im we l iv e ,
a n d mo v e a n d h a v e o ur b e in g
,
a s c e rt a in a l s o o f yo u r
o wn p o e t s h a v e s a id Fo r we a re a l s o h is o ffs p r ing
,
.
F o r a s muc h th en a s w e a re t h e o ffs prin g o f G o d w e ,
o ugh t n o t t o th in k th a t t h e G o d h ea d is l ik e un t o
g o ld o r s il v e r o r s t o n e gr a v en by a rt a n d ma n s d e

, , ,

vic e An d t h e t im es o f t h is ig n o r an c e Go d win k e d
.
a t ; b ut n o w c o mma n d e th a l l men e v e r y wh e r e t o
rep ent b e c a use h e h a th a pp o in t e d a d a y in t h e ,
wh ic h h e will j ud g e t h e wo rl d in righ t eo us n ess by

tha t ma n wh o m h e h a th o r d a in ed wh ereof h e h a th
g i v en a s s ur a n c e un t o a l l m en in th a t h
,
e h a t h r a is e d
h im fr o m t h e d e ad

.
11 2 A H A ND Y DICTI ONA R Y
UN X am e of J un o r el at in g to h er prot ect i on

IA . A n ,
of n ew l y marri e d p e o p l e -
.
UR A N IA
'
A daught e r of J up i t er a n d M n emosyn e
.
o n e of t h e M us e s who pr e s i d e d o v e r astro n omy .
UR A N U S
'
Th e G r ee k n am e o f Coel us ; h i s d e s c en d
.
an ts a re som e t im e s c a ll e d Ura n id s .
UR GUS A n am e of P l uto s ig n ify i ng th e I mp elle r

.
.
,

UR S A M A J OR s ee Ca li stro

, .
Area s
'
UR S A M I N OR, s ee .
Us uR E R s
, s ee J a ni .
UT G ORD Lo x I I n S c an din av i an mytho l ogy th e

' '
.
k in g of th e g i an ts .
V A L HAL LA
Th e S c an d i n avi an t emp le of immo r
.
t a li ty , i n hab i t e d by t h e so ul s of h ero e s s l ain in

b att l e .

VA LI Th e S c an d in av i a n god of ar c h ery
. .
VALL E YS s ee V a ll o n i a, .
VALL O N IA
. Th e godd ess of vall eys .
Th e H i n doo N e ptun e
'
VA RU N A . g en erall y repre
s en t ed as a wh i t e ma n r id i n g o n a s ea hors e c ar ry -
,
in g a cl ub in o n e han d a n d a rop e in th e oth er .

V E DI US Th e sam e as V ej ov i s
. .

VEJ O V I S . Li tt l e J up it er a n am e gi ven to J up i
t er wh en h e app e ar e d Wi thout h i s thun d er .

V EJ U PI TE R , s ee V ej o v i s .
VE N GE A N CE , s ee N e m es i s .
'
VE N U S . Th e
godd ess of b eauty a n d moth e r of l ov e , .
Sh e i s sai d to hav e sprun g from t h e fo am of t h e

11 4 A H A N D Y DIC TIONA R Y
'
VE S T AL VI R GIN S w e r e t h e p r i e st e ss e s o f Ve sta wh o s e ,
ch ie f d uty wa s t o s ee tha t t h e s a c r e d re in t h e
t empl e o f Ve sta wa s n o t e xti ngu i sh e d Th e y w e r e .
alw ays s el e c t e d fr o m t h e b est fa milie s a n d w e r e ,
u n der a s o l e m n v o w o f c hast i ty, a n d c o mp ell ed t o

li ve p erfe c tl y pure li v e s .

V I A LI S . A nam e of M e r c u r y b e c aus e ,
he pr es i d ed
ov er t he makin g o f ro a ds .
'
VI C T OR Y A g o dd ess t h e daught e r o f S tyx a n d
.
,
A c h er o n , ge n erally r ep r e s en t e d a s y i n g in t h e a ir
ho ld in g out a wr e a th of l a urel S ee N ic eph o rus . .
'
VI DOR .A S c an di n av i a n g o d wh o c oul d w a lk o n ,
t h e w a t e r a n d in t h e a i r Th e g o d of s il en c e (c or
.
respo n d in g w i th t h e cl ass ic H a rp o c rat es) .
VI RT UE A g o dd e ss w o rsh i pp e d by most of t h e
.
a n cien ts u n d e r v a r i o us n a m e s Th e way t o t h e .
t empl e of h o n o ur wa s thr o ugh th e t emp l e o f

v irtu e .
VI RT U OU S WOM E N, s ee Jun o .
VI S H N U '
. Th e Pr es erv er , th e pri n ci pa l H i n do o
go dd ess .
V OLU PI A ,

s ee An g ero ni a .
VUL CAN , t h e god of re , was t h e s o n o f J up i ter a nd

Jun o He o ffen d e d J up i t e r a n d wa s by h im
.
,
th r o wn o ut o f h e a v en h e w a s n i n e d a ys fa lli n g ,
a n d a t l as t dr o pp e d i n t o Le m n o s wi th su c h v io
l e n c e th a t h e br o k e h i s l eg a n d wa s l a m e fo r e v e r,
aft e r V u lc an w as mar r i e d t o Ve n u s
. He i s .
supp o s e d t o h a v e fo rm e d Pa n dora o ut of cla y .
H i s s erva n ts w e r e t h e Cy cl o ps H e was t h e .
patron d ei ty of b l a cksm i ths .

OF M YTH OL OG Y . 11 5
Men c all h i m Mulcib er a n d how h e fell

Fr o m h e av en th e y fa b l e d th r o wn by an gry J ov e
, , ,

S h e e r o er t h e c rystal batt l e m en ts

.
M IL T ON .
VUL CA N IA w er e Ro m a n fe st ival s in h o n our of B a cchus

,
at w h ich t h e v ict ims w er e thro wn i nto t h e re

a nd burn e d to d eath .
WAR , s ee B ell on a, Ch emos, M ars .
WA TE R , s ee Can opus .
WA TE R N YM PH S ,
-
s ee Dor i s
WAX T ABLE TS , s ee Calli o p e .
WE AL T H, s ee Cuv e ra .
WE AV I N G, s ee Erg a t o s .
W E E DI N G, s ee Run c in a .
WE IGH TS a nd M E AS U R ES ,
s ee M er c ury .
WE LL , s ee T r uth .
WE S T W I N D, s ee F avo n i us .
W I N DS , s ee Aur o r a Aust er, B or ea s, Z eph yr

, .
WINE, see B a cchus, S ura d evi .
W I SDOM , s ee Po llea r, M in erva .
W O DE N , t h e A n gl o S a x o n form o f
' -
th e S c an di n av ia n
g o d Odi n ; W e d n e sday i s c all e d aft er h im .

W OME N S S AF E GUA RD, s ee S osp i ta .
W OODPE CKE R, see Pious .
W OODS , se e Dryads .
W OR LD, se e Chaos .
1 16 DICTION AR Y OF M YTH OL OG Y .
X
AN T HU S, th e n am e of th e wo n derfu l hors e of
A ch il l e s .
YA MA
. Th e H i n doo
d ev il g enerally r epres en t e d
,
as a t e rrib l e m o n st er of a gr een c o l our with a m ,
ing e ye s .
YG DR A S IL Th e fa mous ash tre e o f S c an d in avian

' '
.
-
myth o l o gy u n d er wh ic h t h e gods h eld da il y

,
c ou n cil .
Y M IR

. The S c an d i n av i an god c orr e spon di ng to
,
Chao s of t h e cl ass ic s .
YOU TH (p erp etual) , s ee T i thonus .
Z E PH YR
. Th e g o d
of ow ers a s o n o f 25101115 , a nd
A ur o ra t h e w e st w i n d S ee F avo n ius
, . .
W an to n Z ephyr c om e away , .
M i ra s charm i ng ey e s,

Th e sun , a nd
A t thy r e tur n mo r e c h a rm in g grow .
Wi th do ub le gl o ry th ey app e ar,

To warm a n d g r a c e t h e in fa n t ye ar .
J OH N H UG H E S , 1700 .
Z E TE S ,
'
wi th h i s b roth e r Cal ai s drov e t h e H arp i es ,
fr o m Thra c e .
Z E T H U S t wi n broth er o f A mph i o n

,
S ee A mph i o n . .
Z EU S Th e Gre ek n a m e of J up i t er
'
. .
TH E E N D .
J us t Publis hed , Pri ce I s Clo th ; 13 6d ha lf bound . . .
-
i n lea ther, red ed ges,
A DI CTI ONARYof DAI LYBLUNDERS

Co n ta ining a Co ll ec tio n m a de in of Mis ta k es t
o f en
S p ea k ing a nd W rit ing fr o m t h e b es t . Co rr ec te d

Auth o rities a n d a rr a ng ed in Alph a b etic a l Or d er by
, ,

t h e A uth o r o f A H a n d y Bo o k of Syn o nyms ,
A Dicti o n a r y o f Engl ish Pr o v e rbs

et c , .
E x tr a c ts f r o m O p in io n s o f t h e Pr e s s .

Us e ful kn owl e d g e I t s va lue a n d n ec es s ity a re un ques
.
M orn in g Pos t

t io n a b l e .
-
.
Th e E d it o r is t o b e th a nk e d fo r hi s us eful b o ok Da ily

.
Telegra p h .
S o fa r a s we c a n d is c o v er , fr o ma b rief p erus a l o f t h e h a n d y
l ittl e v o l ume , t h e a uth o r s wo rk h a s b e en v ery well d o ne

.
A then ce um .
A wel l mea n t a tt emp t t o k e ep p eo p l e c l ea r o f s ome c om

-
mo n e rro rs
S a t urda y Review
Th e l e g io n o f s el f e d uc a t e d men s h o uld n o t b e with o ut th is
. .
us eful c o mp a n io n , fo r, by it s a id , bl un d e rs o f s p e ec h wo ul d b e
a d v a n t a g e o u s l y a v o id e d

Citi' en .
.
Be a utifull y p rin t ed M a y b e c o n d en tl y r ec o mmen d ed t o

.
th o s e fo r wh o s e us e it is d e s ign ed M a n ches t er Gua rd ia n

'

. .
A u s e ful a id t o c o rre c t s p e e c h Li t era ry World . .

E v e ry wo r d in it h a s it s v a l ue Th e c o mmo n mis ta k es in .
s p e a kin g a n d wr it in g a re n ea rl y a l wa y s p ut rig h t in t h e b es t

wa y Boo ks eller

-
.
Dublin Freem
.
O f v a l ue , a n d wo rth kn owi ng a n s J ow n a l

. .
U s e ful a nd a mus in g S o me o f t h e c o mments on p o p ul a r

.
mis ta k e s a re v ery we ll d on e
Reco rd . .

Will b e o f us e t o ev e ry o n e wh o h a s eith er t o sp ea k o r

t o wr t e
i . S co tsma n .
Th e re is n o d o ub t a s t o t h e g en era l a c c ura c y a n d useful

n e ss o f t h e c o rr e c t io n s

Li verp oo l A lbion
.
.
Th e s tud en t c a n t ur n r ea d il y t o t h e r e ma rks ma d e o n a n y
p a rtic ul a r mis ta k e

.

Dn blin E ven i n g M a i l .
A n e xc e ll e n t l i ttl e b o o k , wh ic h c a nn o t b e t o o wel l lmo wn

.
Ch ris t ia n Wo r ld .
On e mus t b e a fa ul tl e s s s p e a k e r a n d writ er wh o d o es n o t
f t s fro m it

t u s e u l h in A berd een J ou rn a l
g
-
e . .
A ma nu a l wh ic h wil l n o t b e o ut o f p l a c e a t t h e r ig h t ha n d
o f a ll wh o d es ire n o t t o b 1un d e r

Dun d ee A d ver tiser .
.
LO N DO N : W H ITTA KE R Co .
JUS T P U BLI S H E D,
N ea t ly Round in Clo th, p ric e H a lf bound -
, R ed
/
edg es , 18 6 d . .
HIM LIA}? ENGLISH QUOTATIONS .
Th e o bj ec t of th is l ittl e v o l ume is t o tra c e t h e Fa milia r

Q uo ta t i on s s o c o n s ta n tl y in us e t o th eir p ro p e r a uth o rs h ip ,
a nd t o o rre c t t h e e rro rs s o freque ntl y ma d e by p ub li c s ea kers
c p
a n d w ri t e rs. Th e o rig in o f s uc h e ve ryd a y sa ymg s a s
H e th a t g h t s a n d runs a w a y ,
M a y turn a nd g h t a n o th e r d a y ,
(e rron eous l y s up p o s ed t o b e in Butl er s a nd a

numb e r o f o th e r p h ra s es o f a l ike c h a ra c t e r is g iv e n a n d t h e , ,
exa c t p la ce o f t h e m in t h e d iffe ren t a ut h o rs wo rks is re c o rd e d

Th e e rro rs c o ns ta ntl y ma d e in quo tin g a re r e ma rka b l e Th e .
a uth o r o f a n in te r e s t in g vo l ume c o mp ris in g ma n y well kn o wn

,
-
p a s s a g es n a mes
,
H udibra s a s c o n ta inin g t h e lin es
Th e y th a t in qua rr el s in t e rp o s e ,
Will o ft en wip e a b lo o d y n o s e .

I n a n e s sa y o n Mis quo ta tio n s whic h re c en tl y a p p ea re d

,
in a v e ry a bl y c o n d uc t e d n ews p a p e r t h e o bj e c t o f t h e writ e r
,
bein g t o c orrec t t h e bl un d ers c o n s ta ntly ma d e h e fa lls in to t h e ,
us ua l mis t a ke o f quo tin g N a t Lee a s writing

.
Wh en Greek me ets Gre e k th en c o mes t h e t ug o f wa r

,

,
a n d a l e a rn e d a nd emin en t d ivin e a c e rt a in Dr B
,
s o me y ea rs . .
,
a g o in t h e p re s en c e Of a la rg e p a rty o b s t in a t e l y in s is t ed th a t
, ,
A ma n c o n vin c ed a g a in s t his will

wa s a c o rre c t p a ss a g e fro m Hudib ra s a n d w a s o nl y s a tis e d

,
a s t o h is b l un d e r by t h e p ro d uc t io n o f Butl e r s immo rta l wo rk

E v en s o a c c o mp l is h e d a s c h o la r a s M r Gl a d s t o n e
.
q ua nd o que
bon us d o rmit a t Home ruse rrs ; in a r e c en tl y p ub l is h ed numbe r
.
o f t h e N ine t een t h Cen t ur y quo t in g Byro n s wo rd s

, ,
Th e bubbl in g c ry ,
0 1 s o me s t r o ng swimmer in h is a g o n y

,
h e n a me s th em a s o c c urrin g in Ch il d e Ha r o l d ins t e a d o f in

,
Do n J ua n .

LO N DO N : WHITTA KE R Co .
R e c en tl y Publis h ed ,
Pri c e 3s , t o o l e d a n d c o l o ur e d
. ed g es .
A HANDBOOK FOR W RI TE RS AND RE ADE RS,

CO M PR I S IN G
A Dic t io n a ry bf Da ily Blun ders ,

Co nta inin g a C o ll ec tio n o f Mis ta k es o ft en ma d e in Sp ea king
a n d Writing c o rrec t e d n o m t h e b es t A uth o rities ;
,
A Ha n dy Ba c h of Sy n o ny ms ,
C o nt a in in g a b o ut Wo rd s in Gen e ra l Us e ; a nd
A Ha h dy Cl a Dict io n a ry ,
ss ic a l
C o n ta inin g Ill us tra tive E xtra c t s .
S a me S i' e a nd Price .
A REFE RE NCE HANDB OOK OF QUOTATI ONS:

EN GLIS HL ATI N FR EN C H .
S a me S i' e a nd Pric e .
La mb s Ta les f r o m S h a hsp ea

re ,
Dr f o hme n s Ra s s ela s ;
.

a nd M a d a me Co ll in t
E li' a bet h , or t he E xiles o f S iberia .
I N ONE V O L UME .
S a me S i' e a nd Price .
A REFERE NCE HANDB OOK FOR BIBLE AND

GE NERAL READE RS,
COMPR I S I N G
Th e S t o ry of t h e N e w Tes ia mem
,
T ol d in c o nn ec t io n with R e vis e d V e rs io n , g ivin g a n A c c oun t
o f t h e Co d ic e s a n d o th e r Ba s es wh ic h e s ta bl i s h t h e Tr uth
o f t h e N e w Tes t a men t By R ev ANDR E W CAR TER , M A
. . . .
Rea s o ns w hy w e believ e t he Bible ,

Deriv ed fr o m t h e H is t o ric a l a n d o th e r E vid enc es .
B y R ev . J A M E S COPL AN D, M A . . a nd
Bible Trut h s w it h S h a hsp e a ria n Pa ra ll els ,

Sh o wing Sha ks p ea re s in d eb t e dn es s t o
'
H ol y Writ .
By J B S E LKI R K . . .
LO NDO N : WHI TTAKE R Co .

A PPR O V E D
EDUCATIO ALWORKS
PU B L I S H E D BY
PH I L A DE L PHI A .
I P P I N c T s
L o T
PO PULAR S ERI ES O F READERS .
By M A R C I U S W ILLS O N .
E mb r a c in g S ix Bo o k s . B e a ut ifu l l y I ll u s tra t e d .
C U T T E R
S
NEW S ERI ES O F PHYS I O LO G I ES

H u ma n a nd C o mp a r a t iv e .
F I R S T , S E C O N D, A N D C O M PL E T E BO O K .
S A N F O R D
S
SERI ES OFANALYTI CALARI THMETI CS .
F ir s t L e s s o n s . I n t e r me d ia te . C o mmo n S c h o o l .
H ig h e r . E l e me n t a ry A l g e br a .

A Handy Dictionary of Mythology

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A Handy Dictionary of Mythology

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T H E F AM I LI AR Q UO T A T I O N S

18 . THE S TOR Y OF THE N E W TES TA M EN T By t he .

TH I S H a n dy Dic tion a ry of Myth o logy is in t en d ed to

Besides c o nfron ting us at every tu rn in the muse

ar e c o nstantly mentioned by poets and po rtraye d

N othing is more common than to nd the comi c

fro m the admirab l e drawing are intensel y amus ,

ing to pe o pl e who know enough o f Mytho l og y to s ee

t oo n r epresenti ng ZEa c us Minos and R hadamanthus

sitting in j udgment on the unlucky e l ectioneerin g

Again there was a c apital ca rtoon representing the

mond E arl Cairns and L o r d S alisbury gu re as

Juno Minerva and Venus This had reference to

the selecti on of a Cons e rvative L eader fo r the House

enj oy similar works and to appreciate the al lusions

it is ne c essary that we sho uld be able to nd out

I t has been a matter o f astonishment to him to nd

t he same actions to different gods or heroes I n fact .

it has frequently been a d ifcult task to decide

accepted I t may therefore be desirable to state

that Where doubts have arisen either the various ,

versions are given o r el se Lempriere s Cla ss ica l Di c

t iona ry has been re ferred to to decide the questions

B esides L empriere the following works with many

others o f less authority hav e b een consulted in c o m

pil ing thi s D ictionary

F rench by the learned Jesuit P GALT R UCH I US

Translated into E nglish by MARIUS D A SS I GN Y

THE P AN T H E ON . R epresenting th e fab ul o us his

A N E W P AN T H EON ; or Fabulous History o f ,

Heathen Gods Heroes and G o ddesse s,

MY T H OLO G I C AL ET YM OLO G I C AL and HIS T ORI CAL

DI C T IONAR Y B y W H O WELL B D 1793

Bo wDE N s PA GAN Bu rn s 1 820

N ow supposin g that al l these books were acces

sible to the general reader it would stil l be in many

instances impossible for him w i thout considerable ,

labour to nd therein much of the information c o n

t a in ed in this Di ct i onary for some o f the bes t of

them hav e no index but this book is an ind e x to

T he proper pron u nciation of the n ames being im

t ra t iv e quotations from the poets have been specially

by this means xin g the pronunciation .

I t will be seen that the compiler has not conned

included the more important of the E gyptian ,

S candinavian and Hindoo de i ti es references to which

o ften occur in modern literature .

Th e l imited spac e at c ommand has made it n ec es

s ar y t o be as c o n c is e as possib l e but e very nam e c on ,

n e c t edwith Mythology o f any note at all h a s it is

hoped been included and care has been taken t o

avoid repetit ions as mu c h as possibl e Wh e re tw o

o r three names o c cur in connection with one fable ,

the tale is told on c e and reference is made to it under

the name of the other deities concerned therein .

There are a fe w names inserted which though not ,

stri c tly mythological are mentioned because it fre

quently happens that in the history of ancient heroes

As to some o f the gods and heroes the H a nd y ,

Cla ssica l Dic tio na ry and Plut a rch s Lives (part of

this S eries o f Handy Books ) may be cons ulted with

DI CTI ONARY OF MYTHOLOGY .

o r water lizard for deriding th e ce rem o nies of th e

A BS Y RTUS brothe r o f M e dea