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ABSTRACT: Single piles and pile groups are designed for lateral loads due to impact of ship, wave action, wind and
earth quake forces. So, it is important to know the lateral load resistance capacity of pile foundation. This requires
estimation of ultimate loads based on which safe working loads will be assessed and also estimation of pile deflections
to ensure that serviceability aspects are accounted in the design. Several methods are available for predicting the
ultimate lateral resistance to piles in cohesionless soils. However, these methods often produce significantly different
ultimate resistance values. This makes it difficult for practicing engineers to effectively select the appropriate method
when designing laterally loaded piles in cohesionless soils. In this paper, lateral load behavior of single piles in
cohesionless soils was studied, for different L/D ratio by changing the diameter and length of pile. The analysis was
carried out considering fixed headed pile. The influence of soil type, effect of pile length and pile diameter on the pile
response was observed and the results obtained by IS2911Part1 (sec2) were compared with the Broms method. Also
deflection and moments were calculated for a typical pile for various L/D ratio and their results were presented. The
results were also validated with finite element analysis.
KEYWORDS: Pile, Cohesionless soil, Lateral load, Broms method, Finite Element Analysis.
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY
Piles are structural members that are made of steel, The various methods employed in this paper were
concrete or timber. They are used to build deep discussed with the results in the following topics.
foundations and which cost more than shallow
foundations. Despite the cost, the use of pile often is Effect of Diameter of the Pile on Lateral Load Capacity
necessary to ensure structural safety. Some time piles are To study the effect of diameter on lateral load capacity, 8
subjected to lateral load, for example piles used in quay m length of piles of different diameters such as 0.20 m,
and harbor structure. The sources of lateral load on harbor 0.25 m, 0.30 m, 0.35 m, 0.40 m, 0.45 m, and 0.50 m were
structure are impact of ship and wave action and off shore considered. The results were shown in Fig 1 to 3, which
structures are also subjected to wind and wave. High rise indicated that lateral load capacity increases with
building, tower are subjected to lateral load due to wind increasing diameter of the pile. This was due to the
and earth quake forces. So, it is important to know the increase in surface area. Also the pile stiffness, EI,
lateral load resistance capacity of pile foundation. increases with increase in moment of inertia I which
Several methods are available for predicting the ultimate depends on the diameter of pile. But there was no much
lateral resistance to piles in cohesion less soils. However, variation in axial load capacity. The lateral load capacity
these methods often produce significantly different of pile obtained from IS 2911 Part1 (sec2) was
ultimate resistance values. This makes it difficult for significantly less when compared with Broms method.
practicing engineers to effectively select the appropriate
method when designing laterally loaded piles in cohesion
less soils. Effect of Length of the Pile on Lateral Load Capacity
To study the effect of length of the pile on lateral load
OBJECTIVES capacity, 0.50 m diameter piles of different lengths such as
The objectives of this paper were 8 m, 8.9 m, 10 m, 11.4 m, 13.3 m, 16 m, and 20 m were
1. To find the lateral and vertical load carrying capacity considered. The results were shown in Fig 4 to 7, which
of single pile in sandy soil. indicated that the axial load capacity increases with
2. To compare the load carrying capacity of pile by IS increasing length of the pile. This was due to that the
2911 part 1(sec 2) with Broms method. friction was mobilized on increased embedment of pile.
3. To find the effect of diameter of the pile on lateral But there was no much variation in moment and lateral
load capacity. load capacity. The lateral load capacity of pile obtained
4. To find the effect of length of the pile on lateral load from IS 2911 Part1 (sec2) was significantly less when
capacity. compared with Broms method.
Fig.1 Ultimate Axial load capacity Fig.4 Lateral deflection at ground level
REFERENCES