Organs in the

BODY SYSTEMS Digestive System

MOUTH: Digesting begins in your mouth. Your teeth
grind up food into smaller pieces. Your tongue moves the
pieces around to mix them with saliva. Saliva contains a
digestive juice that starts breaking down some materials
in the food.

ESOPHAGUS: When you swallow, food travels through

your esophagus to your stomach.

STOMACH: Muscles in your stomach churn the food and

mix it with more digestive juices. The partly digested
food moves from your stomach to your small intestine.

PANCREAS: Your pancreas makes other kinds of

digestive juices. They pass through a tube into your
small intestine.

SMALL INTESTINE: Here, digestive juices from your liver

and pancreas finish digesting the food. Nutrients from
the digested food move into your blood. Undigested
materials move into your large intestine.

LARGE INTESTINE: Your large intestine removes water

from the undigested material. The water passes into your
blood. The solid wastes moves into your rectum.
 Quiz #2: Quiz #1:
1. Which pair of body systems is MOST responsible for 1. What do scientists call the basic unit of life?
movement? A. a vessel
A. Digestive and circulatory
B. a cell
B. Muscular and Skeletal
C. Nervous and Excretory C. bacteria
D. Immune and Reproductive D. a nucleus

2. In order to support life, the most important gas taken into 2. Why might a scientist examine a persons
the lungs is . . . chromosomes?
A. Carbon monoxide
A. To count how many cells are in the persons
B. Hydrogen
C. Oxygen body
D. Nitrogen B. To see if the persons cells are functioning
normally
3. How do prescription drugs move through the body? C. To see whether there are bacteria in a cell
A. through the muscles D. To get information about a persons
B. through the nerve cells
characteristics
C. through the blood
D. through the bones
3. What does the word transport mean?
4. The body systems that gives you support and allows A. To grow new cells
movement is the . . . B. To dispose of
A. Skeletal system
C. To destroy and replace
B. Circulatory system
C. Respiratory system D. To carry from one place to another
D. Excretory system
4. Which part of the cell supplies the power for
5. The cardiovascular system includes the . . . processes?
A. Stomach, esophagus & intestines A. Nucleus
B. Liver, kidneys & spleen B. Mitochondria
C. Heart, blood vessels & blood C. Cell Wall
D. Bones, muscles and cartilage D. Chromosomes

The Respiratory System
Watch this movie!
Your lungs are protected by
your rib cage, which is made
up of 12 sets of ribs. These
ribs are connected to your
spine in your back and go
Take a tour of your around your lungs to keep
lungs here! them safe. Beneath the lungs
is the diaphragm(DY-uh-
fram), a dome-shaped
muscle that works with your
lungs to allow you to inhale
(breathe in) and exhale
(breathe out) air.
From the outside, lungs are
pink and a bit squishy, like a
sponge. But the inside
contains the real lowdown on
the lungs! At the bottom of
the trachea (say: TRAY-kee-
uh), or windpipe, there are
two large tubes. These tubes
are called the main
stem bronchi (say: BRONG-
kye), and one heads left into
the left lung, while the other
heads right into the right
lung.
Respiratory System (cont.)
The job of your respiratory system is very simple: To
bring oxygen into your body, and remove the carbon
dioxide from your body. Your body needs oxygen to
survive.
GO here for an
interactive
diagram.
The main organs in your
respiratory system are
your lungs. Your lungs are,
in their simplest form,
nothing more than sacs. As
you breathe in, you fill
these sacs with fresh
oxygen-rich air. Your heart
pumps blood into the walls
of your lungs where it
absorbs oxygen and
releases carbon dioxide. As
you exhale, or breathe out,
you release the carbon
dioxide-rich air into the
space around you. With
each breath you take, you
are taking oxygen in, and
putting carbon dioxide
out.
The air that you breathe out not
only contains wastes and carbon
dioxide, but it's warm, too! As
air travels through your body, it
picks up heat along the way.
You can feel this heat by putting
your hand in front of your
mouth or nose as you breathe
out. What is the temperature of
the air that comes out of your
mouth or nose?
Your lungs are important for
breathing . . . and also for
talking! Above the trachea
(windpipe) is the larynx(say:
LAIR-inks), which is sometimes
called the voice box. Across the
voice box are two tiny ridges
called vocal cords, which open
and close to make sounds.
When you exhale air from the
lungs, it comes through the
trachea and larynx and reaches
the vocal cords. If the vocal
cords are closed and the air
flows between them, the vocal
cords vibrate and a sound is
made.
 Organs of the
Mouth & Nose: Air enters your body through your nose
Respiratory System and mouth. Waste gases from your lungs also leave the
same way.
Trachea: Air travels through the trachea toward your
lungs. Waste gases from your lungs also travel through
this tube to the outside.
Bronchi: The trachea branches into two tubes called
bronchi. One tube leads to each lung.
Lungs: When you inhale, your lungs take in air. Oxygen
in the air moves into your blood. Waste gases move out
of your blood into your lungs. When you exhale, these
gases leave your body.

Check answers for the

diagram.

Play a respiratory
system game.
 Circulatory System (cont.)

Circulatory
System

Play a circulatory system game.

Your circulatory system moves blood throughout your

body. The organs in your circulatory system are your
heart and blood vessels. Body systems work together.

Your blood carries oxygen from your lungs to all your How does the circulatory system work with the excretory
cells. Blood also carries nutrients from your digestive system?
systems to your cells.

Your blood picks up wastes that your cells produce. It

carries these wastes to your kidneys and lungs. Your
kidneys are part of your excretory system. Your lungs
are part of your respiratory system. But your lungs also
function as part of your excretory system. Together, How does the digestive system work with the circulatory
your kidneys and lungs move wastes out of your body. system?

Your heart is an organ about the size of your fist. Its

function is to pump blood through your blood vessels.
BONE MARROW AND Red blood cells
These cells are red because
they are filled with a protein
RBCs contain the iron-rich
protein hemoglobin. Blood

RED BLOOD CELLS
Where do blood cells form?
In babies and young kids,
blood cells are made within
the bone marrow (the soft
tissue inside of bones),
particularly in the long bones
like the humerus (the upper
arm bone) and femur (the
thigh bone). But, as kids get
older and approach
adulthood, blood cells are
made mostly in the bone
marrow of the vertebrae (the
bones of the spine), ribs,
pelvis, skull, sternum (the
breastbone).
What does the marrow do?
Our bone marrow produces
blood cells, called red blood
cells, platelets, and white
blood cells.
Inside the marrow, blood cells
start off as young, immature
cells called stem cells. Once
they develop, blood cells do
not live for a long time inside
our bodies. This is why our
marrow continuously
produces all three types of
blood cells to keep us healthy.
called hemoglobin.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
attach to the iron that is in
hemoglobin, allowing the red
blood cell to transport
oxygen to the body.
The red blood cells also get
rid of carbon dioxide which
leaves your body through the
lungs when you breathe out.
Check out:
/ Each day, the body
http://bonemarrow.starlight.org
gets its bright red color
when hemoglobin picks up
oxygen in the lungs. As the
blood travels through the
body, the hemoglobin
releases oxygen to the
tissues.
The body contains more
RBCs than any other type
of cell, and each has a life
span of about 4 months.
produces new RBCs to
replace those that die or are
lost from the body.

BONE TRIVIA:
The skeleton supports the body.
The skeleton is made up of bones held together by
cartilage.
Bones contain calcium.
The smallest bones are in the ear; the strongest
bone in the body is the femur (thigh bone).
Skull protects the brain; ribs protect the internal
organs.
There are 206 bones in the body.