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RMD510
Session Objectives
To discuss the operating
characteristics of compressors
and turbines
To understand the basic
conditions for compressor and
turbine matching
To discuss component matching
in a single shaft gas turbine
To discuss the matching of gas
generator with free power
turbine and nozzle
Introduction RMD510
Introduction RMD510
Assumptions RMD510
Flow compatibility
Assuming m1 = m3 = m (2)
If T01 is specified, then obtain T03 from eqn (2) and from eqn (1).
Obtain turbine efficiency from turbine characteristics using the known
values of and p03/p04.
(4)
(5)
If the engine is coupled to a dynamometer on the test bed, then the load could be
set independently of the speed and it would be possible to operate at any point on
the compressor characteristic
characteristic.
If a propeller is the load, then Power N3.
The pproblem is to find the single
g ppoint on each constant speed
p line of compressor
p
characteristic which will give the required net power output at that speed.
This can only be done by trial and error, taking several operating points on the
Load
L d characteristic
h t i ti Equilibrium
E ilib i running
i lines
li
of a propeller
15 M.S.Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 13
PEMP
A gas generator performs the same function for the free turbine engine and the jet
engine. It generates high pressure, high temperature gas for expansion through the
turbine or the nozzle.
Eqns. 1 and 2 are applicable for speed and mass flow compatibility.
The turbine pressure ratio is not known and can be determined by
(6)
Eqns.
Eqns 1,
1 2 and 6 are all linked by the temperature ratio T03/T01 and it is necessary
to determine (by trial and error) the turbine inlet temperature required for operation
at any arbitrary point on the compressor performance map.
Assuming
A that
h the
h turbine
b non-dimensional
d l flow
fl is independent
d d off the
h non-
dimensional speed, the procedure is as follows:
15 M.S.Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 14
PEMP
(4)
(2)
(1)
(3) (6)
(2)
(2) (6)
Calculations can be carried out for a large number of points and the
results can be presented on the compressor characteristics by the locus of
constant T03/T01 (see figure in slide 18).
However, the flow compatibility with the component downstream
((power
e turbine
t bi e or nozzle)
le) will
ill restrict
e t i t the operating
e ti zonee on the
compressor characteristic.
Note:
(1) (2)
(3) (6)
The mass flow leaving the gas generator is equal to that entering the power
turbine.
Pressure ratio across the power turbine is fixed by the pressure ratios across the
compressor and gas generator turbine.
The characteristic of the power turbine will have the same form as of the gas
generator turbine
turbine, but it is represented by the parameters
where (8)
The corresponding pressure ratio across the power turbine can be given as
For stationary gas turbines (ignoring the inlet and exit duct losses), po1 = pa and
the power turbine outlet pressure is also pa.
(7)
in slide 21.
Matching of Gas
Generator with Free
Turbine
in Slide 18.
in Slide 13.
A5 is the effective
nozzle area
(13)
(14)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(15)
in Slide 25
(14)
(16)
we have the g
general relation
(17)
(18)
Usually the nozzle is choked during take-off, climb and cruise, and may remain
unchoked while preparing to land or taxiing, when the thrust is significantly reduced.
Hence, the running line is affected at low forward speeds when the engine
rotational speed is also low and the running line is close to the surge line.
The nozzle pressure ratio p04/pa is linked to the ram pressure ratio
(19)
(20)
Now the procedure of flow chart (slide 21) can be followed with eqn. 19 substituted
for eqn. 8, but for each compressor speed line the calculation is repeated for several
values of Ma covering g the desired range
g of flight
g speed.
p
Th k you
Thank