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Nameplate Page - Lumped Load Editor

The Nameplate Page of the Lumped Load Editor allows for the specification of rating and loading. Since
the Lumped Load is designed to model a combination of different loads into one, several model types are
available for accomplishing this task.

Model Type
The following models are available through the drop down list:

Conventional Exponential Comprehensive

Unbalanced Polynomial

Rated kV
Enter the rated voltage of the lumped load in kV.

Based on the Model Type, the rest of the page is adjusted to accommodate the parameters required for each
model.

Conventional Load Model

Ratings
Click on the MVA/kVA button to choose from MVA and kVA units for entering and displaying
MVA/kVA, MW/kW, and Mvar/kvar data.

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ETAP uses the following equations to calculate kVA, kW, kvar, PF, Amps, and kV when one of the
variables is changed:

kV
Enter the rated voltage of the lumped load in kV.

Amps
Enter the lumped load line rated current in amperes.

%PF
This is the power factor of the lumped load in percent with a range from -100% to +100%. The sign of the
power factor determines whether it is a lagging or leading power factor, e.g., +80% indicates lagging and -
80% indicates leading.

Motor/Static load
Select the percent motor and static loading of the lumped load by shifting the slider position.

When the lumped load is connected below a VFD, the reactance of the static loading will be adjusted
linearly based on the VFD operating frequency while the resistance of the static loading will keep constant
in calculations. The adjustment of the static loading will change the power factor of the total loading. The
calculated total loading will be displayed in the VFD editor loading page.

Loading
This group is used to assign a percent loading to each one of the ten loading categories for this lumped
load, i.e., each lumped load can be set to have a different operating loading level for each loading category.
To edit the values of the percent loading, click on any one of the edit fields under the % Loading column.
Note: you can select any of these loading categories when conducting load flow and motor starting studies.

To edit the loading category names, select Loading Category from the Project Menu.

Operating Load
Operating Load can be updated from the Load Flow Study Case Editor. The operating load option is
available if your ETAP key has the online (ETAP Real-Time System) feature. When the operating load box
is checked in the load flow study case editor, the calculation results are updated to sources, loads, and
buses, so that they can be utilized as input for later studies. If your ETAP key does not have the online
feature, you can see the operating P and Q data in the element editor; however, this data cannot be used in a
later study.

Unbalanced Load Model

The Unbalanced Load Model is used to model unbalanced loading for three different types:
Motor Load, Static Load, and Constant Current Load.

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Ratings
Click on the MVA/kVA button to choose from MVA and kVA units for entering and displaying
MVA/kVA, MW/kW, and Mvar/kvar data.

kVA, kW, kvar, %PF, and Amp.

For Delta Connected load, you can specify the Line-to-Line (AB, BC, CA) Ratings of the total
connected load.
For Wye- Solid Connected Load, you can specify the Phase A, B, C Ratings of the total connected
load

ETAP uses the following equations to calculate kVA, kW, kvar, PF, Amps, and kV when one of the
variables is changed:

Motor/Static Load
% Motor Load, % Static Load, and % Current Load
Specify the Motor Load and Static Load of the Lumped Load. ETAP automatically calculates the % current
load by subtracting the %motor plus static load from 100%.

Loading

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When Unbalanced Load is selected, the Motor Load, Static Load, and Constant Current Load kW and kvar
are calculated based on the %Loading entered for the category.

Select Loading Category from the Project Menu to edit the loading category names.

Operating Load
After Running Load Flow or Unbalanced Load Flow, ETAP updates this field with the total per phase
resultant load.

Exponential Load Model

The Exponential model of the Lumped Load uses the following equations to determine the real and reactive
power components of the load:

where P and Q are active and reactive components when the bus voltage magnitude is V and where Df is
the frequency deviation (f fo)/fo

Ratings
P0

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This is the initial operating real power in MW / kW.

Q0
This is the initial operating reactive power in Mvar / kvar.

a, b
These exponents define the characteristic of the load as follows:
0 = Constant Power
1 = Constant Current
2 = Constant Impedance

Kpf,
This is the real power equation constant. This constant typically ranges between 0 and 3.0

Kqf
This is the reactive power equation constant. This constant typically ranges between 2.0 to 0

Loading
When Exponetial Load is selected, the Total Load, kW, kvar, PF, and Amps are calculated based on the %
Loading entered for the category.
To edit the loading category names, select Loading Category from the Project Menu.

Operating Load
After running Load Flow, ETAP updates this field with the total resultant load.

Polynomial Load Model

The Polynomial model of the Lumped Load uses the following equations to determine the real and reactive

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power components of the load:

where P and Q are the real and reactive components of the load when the bus voltage magnitude is V and
where Df is the frequency deviation (f fo)/fo.

Ratings
P0
This is the initial operating real power in MW / kW.

Q0
This is the initial operating reactive power in Mvar / kvar.

p1, q1, p2, q2, p3, q3

The polynomial model is composed of constant impedance, constant current, and constant power
components. Each portion is defined by these constants respectively.

Kpf,
This is the real power equation constant. This constant typically ranges between 0 and 3.0

Kqf
This is the reactive power equation constant. This constant typically ranges between 2.0 to 0

Loading
When Polynomial Load is selected, the Total Load, kW, kvar, PF, and Amps are calculated based on the %
Loading entered for the category.
To edit the loading category names, select Loading Category from the Project Menu.

Operating Load
After Running Load Flow ETAP updates this field with the total resultant load.

Comprehensive Load Model

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The Comprehensive model of the Lumped Load uses the following equations to determine the real and
reactive power components of the load:

Where:

The expression for the reactive component of the load has a similar structure. The reactive power
compensation associated with the load is represented separately.

Ratings
P0
This is the initial operating real power in MW / kW.

Q0
This is the initial operating reactive power in Mvar / kvar.

p1, q1, p2, q2, p3, q3, p4, q4, p5, q5

The Comprehensive model is composed of Polynomial and Exponential components. These constants
define the constant impedance, constant current, constant power, and exponential components of the load.

Kpf1, Kpf2
These are real power equation constants. This constant typically ranges between 0 and 3.0

Kqf1, Kqf2
These are reactive power equation constants. This constant typically ranges between 2.0 to 0

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Loading
When Comprehensive Load is selected, the Total Load, kW, kvar, PF, and Amps are calculated based on
the %Loading entered for the category.
To edit the loading category names, select Loading Category from the Project Menu.

Operating Load
ETAP updates this field with the total resultant load after running Load Flow.

Lumped Load Editor Overview

Info Page
Nameplate Page
Short-Circuit Page
Dyn Model Page
Reliability Page
Remarks Page
Comment Page

AC Elements Editor Overview

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