STATISTICS

Written By :

Group 3

1. DEISE TAMEDIA [ 16 504 038 ]

2. GRIFIANY M. PONGAYOW [ 16 504 052 ]
3. RENATA KAMAGI [ 16 504 122 ]
4. YANDO RORONG [ 16 504 113 ]

2B MATHEMATICS

Faculty Of Mathematics and Natural Science

MANADO STATE UNIVERSITY
TONDANO
2017

PREFACE

Thank to Almighty God who has given His bless to us for finishing the English

math paper assignment entitled STATISTICS. We also wish to express our deep

and sincere gratitude for those who have guided in completing this paper.
 This assignment is the one of English Math task that composed of Statistics.

We realized this assignment is not perfect. But We hope it can be useful for us.

Critics and suggestion is needed here to make this assignment be better..

Hopefully, this paper can help the readers to expand their knowledge about

Statistics.

TONDANO, MARCH 2017

Authors

Group 3

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 TABLE LIST OF CONTENT

PREFACE........................................................................................2

TABLE LIST OF CONTENT .......................................................................................3

CHAPTER I (INDTRODUCTION) .............................................................................. 4

CHAPTER II (DISCUSSION) .................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER III (CONCLUSION) .................................................................................12

REFERENCES...........................................................................................................13

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
A. General

Statistical science is concerned with the planning of studies, especially with

the design of randomized experiments and with the planning of surveys using

random sampling. The initial analysis of the data from properly randomized

studies often follows the study protocol.

Of course, the data from a randomized study can be analyzed to consider

secondary hypotheses or to suggest new ideas. A secondary analysis of the data

from a planned study uses tools from data analysis.

While the tools of data analysis work best on data from randomized studies,

they are also applied to other kinds of data- for example, from natural experiments

and observational studies, in which case the inference is dependent on the model

chosen by the statistician, and so subjective.

Mathematical statistics has been inspired by and has extended many options

in applied statistics.

B. Purpose
By this English Math work paper we hope to learn more about statistics

C. Objective of this write

We can know what math statistics is and what statistics for.

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Definition

Statistics is a branch of mathematics which deals with numbers and

data analysis. Statistics is the study of the collection, analysis,
interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. Statistical theory
defines a statistic as a function of a sample where the function itself is
independent of the samples distribution.

In short, Statistics is associated with collecting, classifying, arranging

and presenting numerical data. It allows us to interpret various results from
it and forecast many possibilities. Statistics deals with facts, observations
and information which are in the form of numeric data only. With the help of
statistics, we are able to find various measures of central tendencies and
the deviation of different values from the center

Statistics deals with all aspects of data including the planning of data collection
in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.

Some popular definitions are:

Merriam-Webster dictionary defines statistics as "a branch of

mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and

presentation of masses of numerical data".

Statistician Sir Arthur Lyon Bowley defines statistics as "Numerical

statements of facts in any department of inquiry placed in relation to each

other".

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B. Statistics Formulas

The Mean, Median and Mode are the arithmetic average of a data set.
This is found by adding the numbers in a data set and dividing by how
many numbers there are. The median is the middle number in a data set
when the numbers are listed in either ascending or descending order. The
mode is the value that occurs the most often in a data set, and the range
is the difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set.

The Mean

x =
x
N

Here,
represents the summation
x = Items given
n = Total number of items

The Median

If the total number of numbers(n) is an odd number, then the formula is

given below:

n+1 th
Median= term
n

If the total number of the numbers(n) is an even number, then the formula
is given below:

n th th
n
( ) term+( +1) term
Median = 2 2
2

Here, n = total number of items.

The Mode : The value which occurs most frequently

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Example : How to find the mean, median, and mode

Question: Find the mean, median, mode, and range for the following list of
values: 13, 18, 13, 14, 13, 16, 14, 21, 13

Solution:

Given sequence: 13, 18, 13, 14, 13, 16, 14, 21, 13

The mean is the usual average, so:

13+ 18+ 13+14+13+16 +14+21+13

9 =15

Note that the mean isnt a value from the original list. This is a common
result. You should not assume that your mean will be one of your original
numbers.

The median is the middle value, so to rewrite the list in order:

13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 16, 18, 21

There are nine numbers in the list, so the middle one will be

9+1 10
= =5=5 thnumber
2 2

, So the median is 14

The mode is the number that is repeated more often than any other, so 13 is
the mode.
The largest value in the list is 21, and the smallest is 13, so the range is
21 13 = 8.

mean: 15
median: 14
mode: 13
range: 8

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 Variance :

In probability theory and statistics, variance measures how far a set of

numbers are spread out. It is a numerical value used to indicate how widely
individuals in a group vary. If individual observations vary considerably from
the group mean, the variance is big; and vice versa.

A variance of zero indicates that all the values are identical. Variance is
always non-negative: a small variance indicates that the data points tend to
be very close to the mean and hence to each other while a high variance
indicates that the data points are very spread out around the mean and from
each other.

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The variance of a population is denoted by and the variance of a

sample by S2 .

The variance of a population is defined by the following formula:

2

=2 (xx)
n

The variance of a sample is defined by slightly different formula:

2
2
S=
( x x)
n1

Where,
2
=variance x= item given in the data
x = mean of the data
n= total number of items
S 2=sample variance

example:

Question: Find the variance for the following set of data representing trees
heights in feet: 3, 21, 98, 203, 17, 9

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Solution:

Step 1: Add up the numbers in your given data set.

3 + 21 + 98 + 203 + 17 + 9 = 351

Step 2: Square the answer:

351 351 = 123201

and divide by the number of items. We have 6 items in our example so:

123201
=20533.5
6

Step 3: Take the set of original numbers from Step 1, and square them
individually this time:

3 3 + 21 21 + 98 98 + 203 203 + 17 17 + 9 9

Add the squares together:

9 + 441 + 9604 + 41209 + 289 + 81 = 51,633

Step 4: Subtract the amount in Step 2 from the amount in Step 3.

51633 20533.5 = 31,099.5

Set this number aside for a moment.

Step 5: Subtract 1 from the number of items in your data set. For our
example:

61=5

Step 6: Divide the number in Step 4 by the number in Step 5. This gives you
the variance:

9
 31099.5
=6219.9
5

Step 7: Take the square root of the answer from Step 6. This gives you the
standard deviation:

6219.9=78.86634

The answer is 78.86

Standart deviation :

Standard deviation is defined as, The deviation of the values or data

from an average mean. Standard Deviation helps us to know how the
values of a particular data are dispersed. Lower standard deviation
concludes that the values are very close to their average. Whereas higher
values mean the values are far from the mean value. Standard deviation
value can never be in negative.

The formula for Standard Deviation is:

n
2
( x x )
i=1
Standar deviation=
n

x = Items given
x = Mean

n = Total number of items

Example :

Question: During a survey, 6 students were asked that how many hours per day they
study on an average ? Their answers were as follows: 2, 6, 5, 3, 2, 3.

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Evaluate the standard deviation?

Step 1: Find the mean of the data:

x 2+6 +5+3+2+3
x =
N = 6
=3.5

Step 2: Construct the table:

2
x1 x 1x (x 1 x )

2
-1.5 2.25
6 6.25
2.5
5 2.25
1.5
3 0.25
0.5
2 2.25
-1.5
3 0.25
-0.5
= 13.5

Step 3: Now, use the formula

n
2
( x x )
i=1
Standart deviation=
n

= 13.5
6

= 2.25

=1.5

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 CHAPTER III

CONCLUCSION

Statistics is a broad mathematical discipline which studies ways to collect,

summarize, and draw conclusions from data. It is applicable to a wide variety of

academic fields from the physical and social sciences to the humanities, as well as to

business, government and industry.

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 REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics
http://math.wikia.com/wiki/Statistics
http://byjus.com/statistics-formulas

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