Q.

1) Fog signals (v/l aground)

3 distinct strokes rapid ringing of bell 5 secs 3 distinct strokes if 100m or more gong shall be sounded
5 secs additionally . . - 'U' you are running into danger.

Q. 2) SITUATION - All possible situations in restricted visibility with radar operational same situations
with radar in-operational ?

RULE 19 nd RULE 18

u wud b lucky if u face capt sareen for your 2 mate orals.........he want only and only
ROR...........restricted visibility is his favourite.........

Q. 3) sextant

A sextant is an instrument used to measure the angle between any two visible objects. Its primary
use is to determine the angle between a celestial object and the horizon which is known as the
object's altitude. Making this measurement is known as sighting the object, shooting the object, or
taking a sight and it is an essential part of celestial navigation. The angle, and the time when it was
measured, can be used to calculate a position line on a nautical or aeronautical chart.

Q. 4) cardinal marks

North- continuous flashing , south- 6 flashing, east- 3 flashings and west- 9 flashings

Q. 5) What are the day ,night & fog signals for a vessel aground

Day signal - Three Balls in a vertical line.. Night Signal - in addition to the anchor lights, 2 all round
red lights in a vertical line... Fog Signal at intervals of not more than 1-minute ring the bell rapidly for
five seconds. In a vessel 100 meters or more in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the
vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5
seconds in the after part of the vessel. in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell
immediately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in addition sound an
appropriate whistle signal.

three balls in vertical line. two all round red lights in vertical line and anchor light/s. 3 distinct strokes
rapid ringing of bell 5 secs 3 distinct strokes if 100m or more gong shall b sounded 5sec
additionally ..- 'U' you r running into danger.

Day signal - Three Balls in a vertical line.. Night Signal - in addition to the anchor lights, 2 all round
red lights in a vertical line... Fog Signal at intervals of not more than 1- minute ring the bell rapidly for
five seconds. In a vessel 100 meters or more in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the
vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5
seconds in the after part of the vessel. in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell
immediately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in addition sound an
appropriate whistle signal.

Q. 6) lights of vessels aground , trawler, other fishing vessels?

Vsl Aground- i. two all-round red lights in a vertical line. ii. in fore and aft part, an all-round
white light. trawler - i. two all-round lights in vertical line, upper being green and lower white. when
making way sidelights and sternlights. fishing vessel-i. two all-round lights in vertical line, upper being
red and lower white.
v/l aground,one all round white light at the fore part of the vessel-and another all round white at aft
part of the vessel . Two all round red light in a vertical line. Trawler-all round white and green light in
a vertical line-side lights stern lights,two all round red lights when her nets came upon obstruction-one
all round white light towards the direction of nets while shooting -one all round white and red light
when hauling her nets.

Q. 7) What is the chart datum to which indian charts are made?

Chart Datum is an arbitrary plane below which low water tide seldom falls. It is a datum to which
sounding on a published hydrographic chart are reduced. All the bathymetric contours are referred to
this datum. The tidal predictions and tidal levels given in the tide tables are also given with relation to
the same datum. Chart datum in India had been fixed at Indian Spring Low Water Mark (ISLW) during
nineteenth century. For this, sufficiently long tidal observations had been made at various locations.
During the Spring tide, low water mark had been measured and fixed as chart datum at this location
DEV SHETTY | 6 years ago | EDIT | REPLY 16 FOLLOW X 0

All indian charts are based on Everest datum. Check MS notice 1/2004

everest datum

Q. 8) buoyage system in japan, uses of special marks, safe water marks etc?

system b , special marks -odas, tss where use of conventional channel marking may cause confusion,
spoil ground ,military exercise zone, cable or pipeline mark, recreation zone. safe water mark- centre
line marks and mid channel marks.an alternative to cardinal or a lateral marks to indicate a land fall

Q. 9) IAMSAR

international aeronautical and maritime search and rescue assist the master of search and rescue
operation

SOLAS chapter V Safety of Navigation requires ships to carry an up-to-date copy of Volume III of the
International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (IAMSAR) Manual.

Q. 10) Lights of NUC vessel

two all around red light placed where it can best be seen, if making way through the water in addition
to red light side light and stern light.

there will be two red liht plus all navigatinal light

2 all round red lights in vertical line, and if making way in addition, sidelights n sternlight

Q. 11) SITUATION - restricted visibility , vessel on ur port bow is crossing actions & precautions?

reduce speed or take all way off.change ur sound signal...wait for vessel to cross you

chk ur stbd side take wide alt to stbd..

as per rule no 19 d 1 1short blast altr course to stbd .

reduce ur speed to d min at which she can be kept on her course and if necessary take oll her way
off.
Q. 12) Aneroid barometer and avoiding action in TRS

Q. 13) SITUATION - CBD right ahead crossing u from port.

one short blast alt co to stbd...(if cbd slows dwn < cbd is a pd vssl> as give way vessel then u cross
her head)if not parellel course....alt co to stbd and pass her stern.

Q. 14) rule 5 and 6

Q. 15) read RULE 19 and its meaning

Q. 16) Great Circle sailing

a great circle track is the shortest distance , measured along the earth's surface , btween 2 poles. a
great circle track cuts successive meridians at different angles b'coz meridians are nt parallel to each
oder . the course, therefore, shud change slightly whilst crossing each meridia.practically at sea, the
departure and arrival positions are plotted on a gnomonic chart and joined by a straight line . the
vertex and suitable points are read off the chart and the navigator does mercator sailing from point to
point thereby following the great circle track effectively ..!!

Q. 17) Echo sounder errors and principle

VELOCITY ERROR AERATION MULTIPLI ECHO PYTHAGORUS

Q. 18) SITUATION - You are proceeding north and u see a north cardinal buoy. action

infrom master reverse coure check depth of the water

reverse course, inform master, check chart

if u r proceeding north n u c NC mark..dat means u r already in proximity of point of interest or

danger...bst action is to inform master and stop ur vsl immediately..plot ur position n chck wer to alter
for safe depth of water or away frm danger..

Q. 19) Courses checked n compasses compared .......what actually u do with regard to it and if they
not tally what action are u expected

means course to steer on chart is same as course being made good. compasses compared means gyro
repetors compared with master gyro and with magnetic compass.

Q. 20) How would you determine if your ship is dragging anchor or not ? What action would you take
as OOW ?

4 the detection of dragging of anchor is reliably obtained by GPS. shift of ships position beyond limits
set in by OOW would be detected and indicated by audible and visual alarm. The GPS position of the
anchor and a radius of tolerance (length of cable paid out + the distance of the bow from bridge + a
resonable margin) can be fed in.. if the ship's position ever falls outside the circle of tolerance an
alarm would be activated, the dragging of anchor by a ship is not always detectable by observation of
visual bearings alone. Compass bearing of closeby objects may change considerably, due to yaww,
without any appreciable change of position of the ship. it is easily possible to detect the dragging of
anchor by the ship, bearing in mind that: 1) strong tides tends to drag the ship in a direction away
from anchor, i.e. in the direction opposite to the to the ship's head last marked by the arrow on the
chart.. 2) the position obtained on the chart should lie within a circle whose centre is the anchor and
whose radius is the sum of length of the cable paid out and distance from bow to the bridge.. actions
on dragging anchor. 1)inform master. 2)inform engine room,this is an emergency, get engines ready
as soon as possible.switch on power to windlass 3)call anchor stations 4) call for a messenger on
bridge because the A.B. will be manning the wheel. 5)Switch on the Steering motors. 6)Switch on
radar /ARPA 7) try the pneumatic whistle and electric Klaxon, 8)the VHF would already be on channel
16. 9) keep a record of all the happenings and their timings in bridge notebook, 10) carry out
master's orders. 11) if the master is ashore, the chief officer would automatically take charge of the
situation, 12) in rare case of both Master and C/O ashore , the second officer would have to
manage, KEEPING THE FOLLOWING POINTS IN MIND 13) the length of the cable paid out (usually 6
times the depth of water ) is only to ensure that the pull on the anchor shank, while it in on seabed, is
horizontal. once that is assured paying out more cable would not help!! 14) heaving up anchor,
manoeuvering the ship and reanchoring shoulf only be the last resort by the second officer. Having
insufficient experience and being without proper support on the bridge this is too risky,, 15) inform the
harbour control by VHF ."My ship is dragging anchor. Require a Pilot immediately." 16) call up agents
on telephone and informthem" Ship is dragging anchor, the MAster and Chief officer are ashore
please contact them and send them onboard as soon as possible. 17) Pull the wheel hard over away
from the first anchor and hold it there. 18) prepare the second anchor to let go, 19) when the ship has
sheered away from the 1st anchor, drop the other anchor on the bottom and stop the run of the cable,
20) put both cables in gear and walk back equal equally on both,ensuring that the first anchor has
at least half a shackle left in chain locker, 21) put both the brakes on, take the gears out and hold on,
22) keep anchor watch to ensure that the anchors are holding, 23) keep engines on stop at short
notice. Gaurav bammi | 3 years ago | EDIT | REPLY 6 FOLLOW X 0 A dangerous situation that
demands prompt action It happens to every boater sooner or later. The wind in your anchorage rises,
the motion of the boat increases, and your anchor starts to drag. Sometimes the rumbling of an all-
chain rode warns you. At other times, your first indication may be when other boats firmly anchored to
leeward appear to be moving slowly upwind toward your stern. Thats an astonishing sight the first
time you experience it.The first sign of dragging in a crowded anchorage calls for immediate action. If
you have just lowered the anchor, pull it up and try again, perhaps in a different spot. If youve been
swinging comfortably on the hook for a while, however, a solution other than weighing anchor and
re-anchoring may be in order. First, let out more anchor line, as much as you can without fouling
another boat. That will give your rode a more efficient angle of pull so that the anchor should dig into
the ground instead of being pulled upward out of it.If that doesnt solve the problem, you can start the
engine and run it ahead slow to take some strain off the anchor while you think things through or wait
for the squall to blow over.But what if your engine wont run because, in all the excitement, your
dinghy painter has fouled the prop? Or what if the storm is settling in for a while and you need a
longer-term solution? Next, load the kedge, or secondary, anchor into the dinghy and flake its line
down on top of it. Make the bitter end fast to the boat and take the dinghy to windward, paying out
the anchor line as you go. When you reach the end of the line, drop the anchor a couple of boat
lengths to one side of the anchor already down there so that the two lines together form a shallow V
from the bow of the boat.Back on the boat, haul away on the new anchor line until you feel it dig in,
and make it fast at the bow. Adjust the lines so that both anchors are now taking the strain fairly.If
your primary anchor has still not reset itself or if it was fouled in the first place, allow the newly set
kedge to take all the strain while you weigh the first anchor and reset it from the dinghy, just as you
did with the kedge.If necessaryif you have a reef close astern, or the engine isnt working, or other
boats are too near for comfortyou can set and weigh anchors alternately to gain ground to
windward, but its a lot of work and may be dangerous in a rising wind at night. So, having recovered
your main anchor, you might want to consider making a buoy or fender fast to the kedge line, casting
off, and finding a safer spot in which to anchor from scratch. You can recover the kedge when
conditions improve.If the wind is onshore and the holding quality of the anchorage is uncertain,
prudent seamanship might even dictate your putting to sea. Thats something you should consider
every time you arrive in a new anchorage. Cautious sailors will tuck a reef or two into the mainsail
before stowing it on the boom for the night because they know that if the anchor drags, its likely to
be blowing a gale. And they will make a note of a bearing that will take them safely out of the
anchorage in the pitch dark. You will probably find that if you go to this much trouble, your anchor will
never drag. But do it anyway; its cheap insurance. DEV SHETTY | 6 years ago | EDIT | REPLY 1
FOLLOW X 0 1.when anchor cable goes from short stay to long stay and vice versa or it goes out of
turning circle , brg and dist. chnges frm fixed object, when SOG is not equal to zero. Simritpal singh |
4 years ago | EDIT | REPLY 11 FOLLOW X 0 in addition exhibit ICS flag Yankee Kadir r | 4 years ago |
EDIT | REPLY 21 FOLLOW X 0 IF WE PUT AN ANCHOR FROM SHORT STAY TO LONG STAY AT THAT
TIME WE KNOW THAT ANCHOR WAS PLUGED BUT WE ARE NOT SURE ON THAT WE HAVE TO CHECK
THE BEARING OF ANYONE OBJECT WHICH IS NOT CHANGING OR AZIMUTH IF THE ANCHOR IS
DRAGGING THEN IT WONT CHANGE IF IT PLUGGED THEN THE BEARING CHANGE SO WE CAN EASY
IDENTIFED OR FROM SHORT STAY TO LONG STAY THE TENSION IN ANCHOR CABLE IS INCREASE I
GUESS THIS IS THE WAY

Q. 21) Azimuth and Amplitude

Amplitude is d arc of rational horizon or d angle at d centre of d earth btwn the prime vertical n d
meridian passing thru d body wen on d horizon (rising or setting)

Azimuth is angle at d earth centre contained btwn true north n d meridian passing thru tht body

Amplitude is the arc of the rational horizon or the angle at the observer zenith contained between the
observer prime vertical and the vertical circle passing through the body. Azimuth is the arc on the
rational horizon or the angle the observer zenith contained between the observer celestial meridian
and the vertical circle passing through the body.

expressed in quadrantal form...eg. E40N..

Q. 22) Difference between underway and making way?

when the vsl cut through the water and vls is in control by helm, if engine is just stopped and she still
making wake and cut through water then she is making way underway refer ROR

when the vsl is not at anchor or made fast to shore ,or aground is underway. when the vsl using her
engine that is making way ....

Q. 23) Exmeridian limits

page 432, enter with lat n dec..get value of A...go to table 4 n get the limits

its minimum period of 6 mins its maximum of 71 mins

Q. 24) What is chart datum.....why do u see in chart it is mentioned that shift satellite derived
positions by certain latitude n longitu

gps positioning datum is wgs84 which cosiders d earth as a sphere and based on mean sea level. but
local surveys are based on some local reference datum which are different from wgs84. that shift can
be calculated and applied aproximately..

chart datums are lowest astronomical tide and mean lower low water.

Q. 25) ROR CARDS-RAM towing

Q. 26) Emergency wreck marking buoy ?

Pillar or spar shape Topmark- upright X(+) Colour-Alternate stripes of blue and yellow colur,minimum
4 and maximum 8. Light-Alternate flashing yellow and blue. 1s(blue)-0.5s(dark)-1s(yellow)

Q. 27) ROR CARDS-Aground vessel

Q. 28) ror cards of fishing ,aground ,towing,overtaking vl,trawling,ram..

Q. 29) ROR CARDS-Sailing

Q. 30) all ror annexes

annex1-position and technical details of lights and shapes. annex2-addl. lights for fishing vessel
fishing in.close proximity. annex3-technical details of sound signals annex4-distress signal

Q. 31) SITUATION - CROSSING, RV : target on stbd bow radar inoperational, target

stbd quarter radar inoperational.

He did not ask ROR cards but gave the situations..

ascertain if risk of collision exist with the targets by continuosly monitoring the
bearing. and take action accordingly

Q. 32) what is the safe speed you cinsider at sea, T.S.S, shallow waters?

any speed at which we can safely navigate in that area

any speed at which we can safely navigate in that particular area

it is a speed at which one can take proper n immediate action to avoid collision n b
stopped at a distance appropriate in prevailing circumstances n condition

Q. 33) Show fog signal of a vessel aground by banging on the table?

Q. 34) SITUATION - Overtaking with all aspects

Q. 35) can u overtake a vessel in TSS and narrow channel

yes. bt n narrow channel only if vsl to be overtaken permits and give searoom.

Yes in narrow channel or TSS overtaking can take place only when overtaken vessel
allows a safe permit to the over taking vessel & over taking vessel shall make a
appropriate sound signal as per rule 34(c)(i).

yes we can,but it is possible only if the vessel to be overtaken permits.through a

appropriate sound signal

Q. 36) Ur vsl is in TSS, CBD, u see a PD vsl on ur port bow, take action

maitain course and speed as per ror rule 18(d)

Rule no:18 says clearly that it does not apply in TSS,NARROW CHANNEL,OVER
TAKING.I'll alert him with 5 rapid and short blast and if further Risk of collision exist
I'll take action as per Rule 2&8

reduce speed attract atension inform vts inform master

cbd means her draft is restricted by the available depth and width of the nav.
water.she cant alter the co she is following. so, reduce speed,call the other vsl on
vhf,inform master,inform vts

Q. 37) ror rule no 5,6,7,8,13,18,19

Q. 38) SITUATION - crossing with all aspects

He did not ask any ROR cards .He's more about rules which applies on these
situations and parts and their meanings

low and high

39) what is the carriage requirements for a GPS receiver

SOLAS CH 5 reg 19.2.1.6 all vessels irrespective of size.

Q. 40) Gyro errors

tilt n drift

speed error, latitude error

Q. 41) Quote Rule #9 , #10

Q. 42) What is Raster Charts, Vectors Charts, which is better and why

Vector charts are more advantageous than raster chart because vector chart enables user to select
many alarms, such as depth alarms, various modes such as head up and north up, Zooming facility,
Add or remove the data required.

raster charts are copy of paper charts whereas vector charts are electronic charts.

as it is in vector charts info stored in layers so u can select the reqd info which v cant do on vecor
charts .

Q. 43) ECDIS principle and difference btwn raster and scan

Q. 44) working principle of the DGPS

differntial gps it is fixed station whose position is known it recives its position from the satellite and
calculates the error between two positions and then it transmits the error for that satellite brendon n

it has a fix position and it compared with 3 satellite position and compare with own position and
diffrence will be find out,and transtmit the difference in all vessels are uhf range

Q. 45) MAke a region B , preferred channel to port buoy.

Q. 46) What is the requirement regarding ECDIS in case of going 2 a region of whose vector charts
are not available ?

The international standard for vector charts has been finalised by the International Hydrographic
Organization (S-57, Version 3), and IMO adopted performance standards for ECDIS, using vector
charts, in 1995 by Assembly Resolution A.817(19). The amendments to Resolution A.817(19) state
that some ECDIS equipment may operate in Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) mode when the
relevant chart information is not available in vector mode. The amendments to the ECDIS performance
standards indicate which performance standards for vector charts apply equally to raster charts, and
add specific specifications for raster charts, covering such aspects as display requirements, alarms and
indicators, provision and updating of chart information and route planning. The amendments state
that when used in RCDS mode, ECDIS equipment should be used together with an appropriate folio of
up-to-date paper charts. The MSC during its 70th sessionalso agreed a Safety of Navigation Circular
on Differences between Raster Chart Display systems (RCDS) and Electronic Chart Display and
Information Systems (ECDIS).

solas ch 5 reg 19 ecdis can be used to displa y passage plan nautical paper charts n publications can
be replaced by a SECOND ECDIS as BACKUP ECDIS must have rastor charts for regions not provided
with vector chars brendon n kamlesh. Sanjana mathur | 5 years ago | EDIT | REPLY 2 Surveyor asked
Q. 47) AIS principle

AIS principle is to allow the automatic exchange of shipboard information from the vsl sensor inputted,
static and voyage related data between one vsl and another and between vsl and shore stations. it is
important that transmitted data be accurate.

Q. 48) Types of EPIRB.

cospas/sarsat 406/121.5 A1 A2 A3 A4. VHF 156.525(ch.70) A1

epirb(cospas-sarsat) ELT PLB

cospas/sarsat 406/121.5 A1 A2 A3 A4.(universal epirb) 2. VHF 156.525(ch.70) A1 3.immarsat epirb(l

band) JAISHANKAR JHA | 4 years ago | EDIT | REPLY 11 FOLLOW X 0 VHF EPIRB(ONLY AREA A1), L-
BAND EBIRB(phased out only for area A1,A2,A3), COSPAS SARSAT EPIRB(CURRENTLY USED FOR ALL
SEA AREAS)

Q. 49) how to differentiate a vessel aground from a NUC vessel?

a nuc vsl will show 2 red lights in a vertical line and while making way sidelights and stern light. bt a
vsl aground will show 2 red lights and all round white lights at fwd and aft depending on length.

NUC VESSEL WILL DISPLAY SOME SPEED ON RADAR WHERE AS VESSEL AGROUND WILL NOT

Q. 50) Chart symbols for tidal rips, wreck and drying heights ?

Q. 51) RA on rational horizon , draw diagram

its is 360-sha,measured easterly

Q. 52) How do u know TRS has formed?

SWELL ATMOSPHRIC PRESSURE DECRSIN WIND INCRESE LIGHTINING SATELITE IMAGE

Q. 53) what xtra precautions to be taken when at anchor watch in a flying moor?

Maintain a constant watch to prevent foul hawse. Determine foul arc and clear arc. Vessel should
always swing to clear arc on each tidal change. Use engine to give vessel correct sheer. Keep eye on
the weather. Know the times of tide change. http://oocities.com/mpaoral/ch5/moorings.htm brendon

Q. 54) What is a tidal diamond what is its use ?

Tidal diamond is a symbol used on chart whch indicates by means of its reference in a table provided
on chart;d set n drift of current at a particular time...basically so n so hrs before high water n so n so
hrs after high water..interpolation is to be carried out to get set n drift at particular tym..

Q. 55) How do you know ur passage plan is complete?

SIGNED BY MASTER AND ALL OFFICCERS ON BOARD AND COMPLY WITH SOLAS CHAP-5,AND
COMPANY REGULATIONS

Passing ans was 1) berth to berth 2) SMS chklist complied with 3) approved by master

Q. 56) Transfering PL from morning to noon in detail

staggered calculation

in mornin u will use long by chron or Intercept at noon u will use lat bymer alt or Ex mer alt

Q. 57) what factors u take into account when planning a passage from japan to west coast US?

check for the availability of all the charts required . we need to cross the IDL (inter. date line).eta to
be effectively calculated.

Refer to ocean passages of the world for recomnded route , check wx wrng , etc .

Q. 58) How wil u take over a watch as par stcw

*go on chrt rm 15minuts earlier. *Inspect chrt:(cmg,crs strd,set$rate of crnt,ukc,any alt,tss) *mastrs
ordr bk. *Inspect compass err bk. *go to whl house 5 mnt be4 nd set eye to d darkness. *Inspt
teckomtr *inspt nav lt *chk vhf ch.16/70 *auto or hnd strng *familr wth radar *if is in collision couse
dn't tk ovr watch untl collision is ovr

Q. 59) what wil b ur action in resrticted visibility

inform master n engine room post look outs switch on n operate radar switch on nav lights activate
sound signals proceed at safe speed follow ROR.

Also engines ready for immediate manouvering

1) Inform Master. 2) Inform E/R.Get engines ready for manoeuvering. 3)obsrve visually and make a
note of all the traffic in sight, 4)switch on ARPA and commence plottng. 5)Switch on navigational
lights. 6) change over to hand sterering, 7) switch on the other stering motor, 8) post double
lookouts, one on the bridge wing, other on forecastle. 9)try out pneumatic wistle and electric klaxon
and the manual foghorn, by giving a very short blast on each, try out automatic fog signal unit, 10)
stop all noises on decks so that the fog signals of other vessels would not get drowned in the noise ,,
11) keep open the outer doors of the wheel house so that the fog signals of other ships may be
heared, even if they are very faint, 12) commence sounding fog signal before entering into the fog.
13) reduce to safe speed before entering fog. 14)restrict hold ventilation. 15) record all the happnings
in bridge record book.

inform to master, stop all noisy work, switch on the navigational lights, one pro longed blast in interval
not more than 2 min

inform to master inform to engine room keep the engine raedy to manouvere and in safe speed start
sounding the signal as per ror stop all noisy work like chipping switch on all navigation lights keep the
bridge wing door open continuos observation of radar and arpa mUST keep plotting the position by all
available means if it idicates the presence of any other vessel,acess the suitation and take the action
immidiately in ample time

Q. 60) What are the various navigational hazards u expect during a navigational watch?

) the state of visiblity 2)the traffic density 3)n night the presence of background lights 4)the state of
wind , sea, and current. 5)the draft and available depth.

Q. 61) defination of solas

SOLAS is and international maritime safety treaty. SOLAS convention in its successive form is
generally regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning the safety of
merchant ship.

The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is an international maritime safety
treaty. The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of
all international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ships

Q. 62) what is manoeuvring speed?

the speed at which full effect of the controls (rudder n propeller) can be achieved.

it is the minimum speed at which the ship can be manoeuvered

speed at which the alteration of ships course can take place

Q. 63) What is ECDIS, how are charts corrected on ECDIS?

ECDIS stand electronic chart display and information system. It is updated with the help of a CD.

An ECDIS is a unified navigational information display which presents on an updated chart

background,updated route,present position and fast track, combining these as approprite with
radar,ARPA and other navigational sensors in order to improve safe navigational through the clear
display of the situation in the vicinity of the ship. chart can be corrected through a floppy disc,compact
disc, even directly through the satellite systems. The latest system of updating charts is that the
manufacturer transmit the chart updated as broadcast in coded format. Dedicated software is fitted in
the ECDIS which will receive these updates,decode them and correct the charts.

Q. 64) Lights of dredger at anchor

Q. 65) why in the RULE 23 HIGH intensity is referred for WIG craft anf where as an intensity for Air
cushion vessel ?why

WIG craft move at high speed. to distinguish from distance n Air cushioned vessel r susceptible to
wind effect
its more than 22.5 degree abaft the

Q. 66) Distress signals?

Distress signal indicates that a mobile is in grave and imminent danger and requires immediate
assistance

Q. 67) What is Squat? How will u reduce effect of squat?

The Change in ships trim when being at motion or being stationary is called squat. The Squat is mainly
experienced over in shallow waters it increases with square of the speed of the ship in order to reduce
squat ship speed has to be reduced squat is calculated by the formulae squat= V(square)/100*Cb

bodily sinkage+change in trim

Squat is a bodily sinkage of a ship due to its movement through the water and is depend on speed,
ship form, and the underwater clearance. The overall decrease in the underkeel clearance fwd. and aft
is called squat. TO ELIMINATE SQUAT; reduce speed, Sufficiant UKC is to be kept to avoid SQUAT.

Q. 68) What is Yaw control ?

it is basically a weather control...whch is adjusted by keepin higher value in heavy weather n strong
winds and smaller value in calm ses...

this control is used in auto pilot.when rough seas are encountered,vessel has a tendency to yaw
about the set course.to prevent the auto pilot from correcting this,yaw control is used.

Q. 69) Situations regarding fire on board during watch and on board emergencies

Q. 70) bouyage system

Q. 71) Vertical and Horizontal positioning of masthead lights?

Q. 72) COMPASS ERROR AND HOW WILL U CHECK ERROR IF GYRO REPEATERS FAIL?

Q. 73) user clock error and how will you accompany for it?

Q. 74) What are NFU and FU modes in steering ?

Q. 75) Any 10 ROR distress signals as per annex 4 ?

Q. 76) SITUATION - Restricted Visibilty heard fog signal on forward. Action ?

determine by radar if risk of collision exist, if no reduce your speed so that u can maintain your
course and navigate with extreme caution until danger is over

Q. 77) How to calculate depth when you got zero line adjustment error in echo sounder ?

Q. 78) Difference between EGC and ECDIS

Q. 79) vessel 4 points on your port bow not in sight and detected only by radar.action?

Q. 80) what do u understand by T & P notices

temporary notice are given when some information exist on chart for some short time . and prelimry
notice are given when in future there will some work will take place in future
both are related to notices to mariner ,, both are temperary warnings ,, and hence the related
corrections are done in pencil on the chart.

temporary and preliminary notices

temporary and preliminary notices to mariner.... temporary notices are the information that remains
remains temporary usually not more then 3 months and preliminary notices are the notices that are at
their preliminary stages nd can be permanent at a later stage....such as extension of any port,
contruction of any bridge...etc

Q. 81) passage plan

APPHRAISAL PLANNING MONITORING EXECUTING

Q. 82) what s dead weight

total mass of cargo,fuel,f/w,etc that a ship can carry at the time she is floating in SW with her
summer loadline at the water surface

When a ship is delivered from the yard (with machinery, appurtenances, fixtures) its weight without
stores, fuel, crew, etc is called "Light ship". Anything weight which is not a part of Light Ship is called
deadweight. Eg Crew, fuel, stores, ballast, cargo, lubes etc.

Deadweight tonnage (often abbreviated as DWT for deadweight tonnes) is the displacement at any
loaded condition minus the lightship weight. It includes the crew, passengers, cargo, fuel, water, and
stores. Like Displacement, it is often expressed in long tons or in metric tons.

Q. 83) What is Barograph, Barogram? What does curved lines in Barogram Indicate? What enteries r
to be made on barogram?

barograph is a instrument which record the change in atm press. onboard ship. for more detail read
met book.

barograph is aneroid berometerwhich measuresd contonuous record of pressure on a paper chart,the

barograph has continuous trace on the chart called barogram. the curved line indicate utc are two hor
interval.after completing barogram entries regarding lat,long,dates,comparison with barometer are to
be filled and it is kept along with the weather log books

the chrt in barograph is called barogram, changes in pressure are recorded without lapse in tym

Q. 84) lights of towing, towed, pushing nd pushed vessel?

Q. 85) How will you know if steering has failed ?

Q. 86) Emergency wreck buoy isolated danger mark ?

Q. 87) SITUATION - crossing of Fishing Vessel Port Bow ?

if roc exists ...2 shrt blast ..alter braod to port

Q. 88) You are heading North and you see a East Cardinal mark right ahead. Action ?

one short blast n broad alteration to stbd...

Q. 89) Lookout and meaning of all available means ?

Q. 90) what is amplitude and what is its use?

Q. 91) Mer pass..in detail

Q. 92) what the procedure for correcting a chart that has not been corrected for three years

take d latest corection, frm there go back. find each one before it till d notice it corected, and start
correcting from dat anm. consult annual summary of admiralty notices to mariners.

with the help of cumulative and annual notices of current year

Q. 93) What is the meaning of "all available means" in rule 5 meant to you?

A functional radars, VHF, Echo sounder, AIS, Logs, Gps, Ecdis..etc

Also include binocular

Q. 94) How do take bearings when approaching a hourbor or berth?

BY A FIXED OBJECT OR A SHARP BEND LEADING LIGHTS

Q. 95) QOTE RULE NO 8 , 18,19?

Q. 96) In which month sun is nearest to the earth?

Q. 97) Steering failure action ?

Q. 98) Trawler vsl RV sound signal ?

Q. 99) How will u make a passage plan from Mumbai to Southampton ?

Q. 100) How to do Chart Correction ?

Q. 101) How many team are there for any emergency on board ?

4 teams ..1. command team 2.emergency squad 3.secondary emergency squad 4.reserve or
backup

Q. 102) what is transit bearing?what is its use?

when we observe 2 or more terrestrial prominent objects in a line it is called a transit bearing.the
transit bearing of these prominent objects are sometime joined by a line and true bearing is
mentioned on chart otherwise we can use the parallel ruler to see their transit bearing value and
compare with compass bearing taken from vessel to obtain compass error

Q. 103) What is phasing and cross noise?

phasig n cross noise are part of wave propogation in gmdss

Q. 104) when do u say a vessel s overtaking

as per rule number 13 part (B), a vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with other
vessel frm a direction more than 22.5 degree abaft her beam, that is , in such a position with the ref.
to the vessel she is overtaking , that at night she would be able to see only the stern light of that
vessel bt nither of her side lights
when the vessel coming from 22.5degree abaft the beam of own vessel then it is said to vessel
overtaking

A vessel is said to be overtaking when coming up from the direction of 22.5 deg abaft of the beam in
such position with the ref. of overtaking vessel she will be able to sea at night time only the stern light
neither of her side lights.

Q. 105) Tell me a situation for which rule 2b applies?

2 pd vsl head on...one got shallow water n stbd side.

Q. 106) There is a Blackout on vsl, take actions

DNT TAKE ANY ACTION.JUST AVOID COLLISION AFTER 45 SECS EMGCY GEN STARTS

Q. 107) Code the rule No1 & 38

CODE AS PER ROR... THATS IT..

Q. 108) CONTROLS AND SELECTING SWITCHES IN ECHOSOUNDER, AUTOPILOT,COURSE RECORDER?

echo sounder-range selector knob, paper speed, stylus speed,sensitivity or gain, fix marker, change
over sensor, panel brill. auto pilot-course selector, rudder control, counter rudder, yaw,permanent
helm, speed, rudder limit, off course alarm,syn. control, auto/follow up/non follow up, dimmer course
recorder- on -off switch , bulb,

Q. 109) how will you fix position by V.S.A?

Q. 110) What is power failure. You are on watch for 1st time as 3rd off what all actions will you take ?
Q. 111) Fishing vsl anchored in RV sound signals ?

1 prolonged blst followed by 2 shrt blsts...

Q. 112) Weather bulletin ?

Q. 113) Do you get Piracy message on Navtex

yes we get paricy message on navtex

Q. 114) signal for abandon ship is der ny other signal onboard except Gen. Emrgy alarm nd master v

7 short blast folloing by one prolong blast

Q. 115) what is crash stop?

Q. 116) How will u eliminate the various errors of bridge equipements in detail

Q. 117) Does a barge in seven lakes will follow colreg?

Q. 118) Quote Rule 19, Rule 37 and Annex 4

1> a gun or other explosive fired 2>a cont sounding of fog signal 3>rockets or shells 4> n.c. flag
5>mayday 6> sos 7> ball, square ,ball 8> flames, smoke signal, raising lowering of arms

Q. 119) Situations: When U r entering TSS and found a vessel crossing from U r port bow action?
if the cpa matters , and collision cant be avoided by the give way vsl alone then i will alter other wise ,
maintain co and speed.

take the series of brg if risk of collision does not exist the maintain co and speed if roc exist the i will
give five sort and rapid blast, check nav lights, inform master,inform engine room,put helms men and
still she is not taking an action then one short blasta/co to stbd if depth available or reduce speed

Q. 120) HOW WILL U TAKE A SIGHT?

Q. 121) funtctional test of SCBA

Q. 122) What is the UKC ?

Under Keel Clearance (UKC) is the distance between the deepest point of the vessels hull and the
sea bed

Q. 123) Vertical and horizontal separation of CBD RAM for lengths <20 and >20mts in length

Q. 124) "C" Correction ?

Q. 125) NAVTEX ?

Q. 126) Var 2E C Error 10W Cal deviation ? Deviation and its need ?

Q. 127) what is stranding?

Q. 128) Echo Sounder circuit

Q. 129) Define the terms Parallax and refraction

Q. 130) compass rose

see cover page of nories tables

compass rose is nothing but the compass points

Q. 131) What are the errors of mercury Barometer?

capillarity,capacity,pumping,parallax.

Q. 132) IN OIL TANKER OIL IS LEAKING WAT IS OUR FIRST ACTON

at first notice of oil leak,we have to shout,use saw dust,drip trays to prevent leak to enter in to
sea,and then find the solution from the leak is,and take the action

Q. 133) oil discharge criteria in oil tanker both from cargo and machinery area

Q. 134) What do you mean by Squat ?

The squat effect is the hydrodynamic phenomenon by which a vessel moving quickly through shallow
water creates an area of lowered pressure that causes the ship to be closer to the seabed than would
otherwise be expected. This phenomenon is caused when water that should normally flow under the
hull encounters resistance due to the close proximity of the hull to the seabed. This causes the water
to move faster, creating a low-pressure area with lowered water level surface

Q. 135) Contents of Annual admirality notices to Mariners ?

Q. 136) Transverse Thrust ?

Q. 137) You are exactly 22.5 degrees abaft of another vsl. Action ?

then you are a overtaking vessel. take actions according to rule 13

rule says, when coming up more than 22.5 deg abaft beam...

138) Type of position reporting system ?

Q. 139) Night signal card of aground vessel more than 50m in length

Q. 140) principles of watchkeeping in detail from STCW?

Q. 141) read all the gross tonnage of the last ship

Q. 142) distress and urgency

urgency signal indicates that a very urgent message follows concering the safety of mobile or the
safety of a person

Q. 143) What is Phasing and ranging wrt Echo

1 Phasing: Phasing is a method used in echo sounder to determine depth of the sea bottom. In this
method the speed of the stylus is kept constant and the range scale is changed from 0-100 mtrs ,
100-200 mtrs , 200-300 mtrs and so on. It is important that the echo sounder range changed and
regularly checked. Ranging: Ranging is technique were the scale of the echo sounder is kept constant
and the stylus is varied according to the depth scale chose. E.g.- 0-100, 0-200, 0-300 mtrs ans so on

PHASING:phasing is a method in echo sounder to determine the depth of water where the speed of
stylus changed but scale is constant

Q. 144) what is the Visible Horizon?

IT BOUNDS THE VISIBILITY OF THE OBSERVER AT SEA

bounding the observer field of vision at sea

Q. 145) WAT IS MEAN BY COMPARE COMPASSES

onboard vr comparing the gyro comp wth magnetic cmps , by wch v get co eror wch v can apply to
magnetic hdg wen gyro fails , thats why vr comparing compasse for evry 4 hrs ! so u ca get error & by
knowing the variation u could get deviation of magnetic compass !

Q. 146) quote rule 19

Q. 147) horizontal sector of light..how far they extend in fwd and abaft beam direction?

Q. 148) Contents of cumlative admirality notices to Mariners ?

Q. 149) Power failure in Restricted Visibilty. What action ?

Q. 150) Limitations on ECDIS ?

also... failure to update charts hardware failure software failure datum shift Imp. alarms nt set.. over
reliance on ecdis Input from various equipmnts like gyro gps etc nt proper..
1. can be affected by viruses; 2. ENCs does not have worldwide coverage; 3. sudden power failure
may hamper navigation in serious stage; 4. if any interface fails it will provide wrong information.

Q. 151) what is AUSREP ? From which place you send this report ?

Ausrep stands for Australian ship reporting system . The system requires the master to send a sailing
plan (SP) to the Rescue Coordination Centre (RCC) on leaving an Australian port or entering the
AUSREP zone and to nominate a time at which a position will be transmitted each day during the
voyage. Any significant departure from the sailing plan must be advised.

ausrep is a reporting system os uk

Q. 152) NUC vessel day signal card

Q. 153) Is there any such formulae regarding intensity of lights ...do u know it in which annex wud u
find it?

I=3.43*10^6*T*D^2*K^-D GIVEN IN ANNEX 1

Q. 154) Difference between GPS & DGPS

dgps is more accutrate in poistion fixing than gps

Q. 155) passage planning on charts, what do u mark on them?

Q. 156) how to calculate compass error in restricted visiblity

variation from chart and deviation fro deviation card.... this can only b used as reference to navigate...

Q. 157) Fog signal for vsl aground, if more than 100 mts in length

three seperate and distinct strokes ring the bell rapidly for about 5seconds in fore part of the vsl and
three seperate and distinct strokes and gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5second in the after
part of the vsl and three seperate and distinct strokes.

Q. 158) How do take a sight?

using instruments like sextant..with some simple navigational calculations...

Q. 159) situation- RV two vessels observing on radar alone, one finds other on the the port quarter.
take action on both the vessels.!

Q. 160) A crew on board gets heart attack ( action as medical officer on board )

IF CONSCIOUS THEN GIVE SALINE TO REDUCE BP AS FIRST AID N THEN COMMENCE WID
EMERGENCY EVACUATION IF NT POSSIBLE THEN TAKE RADIO MEDICAL ADVICE N DO ACCORDINGLY.
IF UNCONSCIOUS THEN CHECK ABC N GIVE CPR ASAP.ALSO PREPARE TO EVACUATE HIM
NECESSARILY ALSO KEEP TAKING RADIO MEDICAL ADVICE IN TANDEM.

Q. 161) what does a submarine do when in distress?

submarines are fitted with submarine indicating buoys fore and aft .....in distress these buoys are
released which indicates the position of the submarine.....the length of the line is 1000 mts.
Q. 162) How will you correct nautical almanac and 5011 chart abbreviation and symbols ?

Q. 163) GYRO failure your actions ?

Q. 164) Leading Lights ?

dis is a type of light signal used basically in narrow channels and followed by vsl to keep herslf on a
track so as to avoid groundin...basically it is very hlpful in coastal navigation...

Q. 165) IAMSAR search pattern ? Diagram of sector search

Q. 166) Region A stbd hand lateral mark 3 points on your port bow.Action?

alter course to port and keep the mark on your starboard side

Q. 167) communication -all flags

Q. 168) What is WIG craft, what is Surface effect action

Principle A wing generates lift, in part, due to the difference in air pressure gradients on the wing
surfaces: both upper and lower. During normal flight, the upper wing surface experiences reduced
static air pressure and the lower surface comparatively higher static pressure. In normal flight, these
air pressure differences also accelerate the mass of air downwards balancing momentum.
However kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the velocity so designers aim to minimize the
accelerated air velocities to reduce wasted energy in both the downward mass acceleration
and wingtip vortices. Flying close to a surface increases air pressure on the lower wing surface (the
ram or cushion effect) and decreases air acceleration so the ground effect improves the aircraft lift to
drag ratios in two ways. Momentum is still balanced because the air pressure beneath the wing is
pressing on the underlying surfacethe water or flat land.

Q. 169) What are the differences between Raster and Vector charts?

raster chart is the photo copy of the paper chart,vector chart is electronic form of chart

Q. 170) what do you understand by precession of equinoxes?

it is westwrd movement of first point of aries and libra due to sun moon gravitaional pull on

Q. 171) servcing of liferaft (duration )

Q. 172) what will you do on seing a SONO bouy ?

Q. 173) What are hydrographic notes ?

Q. 174) What is Long by Chron ?

it is one of d method for obtainin fix by usin celestial objects..long by chron basially provides observed
long of d fix whch is PL for d fix obtained...

Q. 175) storm signals

d Q. 176) He has cards for signal flags and he asks them always and also day signal cards

Q. 177) Sart requirement. What does Sart give?

12 blips on the x band radar.it is a transponder

VSL OF MORE THAN 300GRT SHOULD CARRY SART....SHOULD WORK CONTINOUSLY FOR 8 HRS AND
IN STAND BY MODE FOR 96 HRS....

vsl of >300 but < 500grt should have one sart , vsl >500 grt 2 sart ...

Q. 178) SITUATION - you have a vessel 5 points on ur starboard quarter.Restricted visibility nd radar
not working.Action.

if risk of colllision exists, den alter course 2 stbd , acc. 2 rule 19d(a)

3 bhupreet..!!! rule 19d(a) does not apply in this case as the radar is not working and the first line of
19d says a vessel wiz detects by radar alone..!! in this case we maintain our course and speed,post
xtra lookouts with aldis lamp,call master,shift ur fog signal aft,increase the frequency of fog signal,use
ais and vhf if possible. this is the answer as confirmed by capt.sharma.

Q. 179) latest amendments to Colreg?

Amendment Table for COLREG 72(Res.A.1004(25)) Before 1 December 2009 ANNEX IV DISTRESS
SIGNALS 1. The following signals, used or exhibited either together or separately, indicate distress and
need of assistance : (d) a signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other signalling method consisting
of the group ... --- ... (SOS) in the Morse Code ; (l) the radiotelegraph alarm signal; (m) the
radiotelephone alarm signal; On or after 1 December 2009 ANNEX IV DISTRESS SIGNALS 1. The
following signals, used or exhibited either together or separately, indicate distress and need of
assistance : (d) a signal made by any signalling method consisting of the group ... --- ... (SOS) in the
Morse Code; (l) a distress alert by means of digital selective calling (DSC) transmitted on: (i) VHF
channel 70, or (ii) MF/HF on the frequencies 2187.5 kHz, 8414.5 kHz, 4207.5 kHz, 6312 kHz, 12577
kHz or 16804.5 kHz; (m) a ship-to-shore distress alert transmitted by the ship's Inmarsat or other
mobile satellite service provider ship earth station

Q. 180) Bouys and Flags

Q. 181) are the tide curve graph for all port same or different.? which volume has different?

volume 1 graph is different for each port

Q. 182) cargo cal in a oil tanker

Q. 183) principle of ais and time scheme?

Q. 184) How many sections are there in Weekly Notices to Mariners ?

Q. 185) What are tidal streams and admirality Co-Atlases ?

Q. 186) How will you use magnetic compass if GYRO fails ?

Q. 187) what is wheel over position?

Q. 188) Which instrument is used to measure sea water temperature?

I answered marine bucket,then he asked further if i know how does it look.i said no,so he said so you
just read it in subramaniam's book.i said yes n then he moved on
 Q. 189) SITUATION - you have a vessel 5 points on ur starboard quarter.Restricted visibility nd radar
not working.Action.

section II is applicable in this situation. If radar is not working how you come to know there is a vessel
5 points of your stbd. So you are seeing this vsl visually, so Section II of ROR applies.

inform master, stop ur vsl, by reducing her speed or taking all her way off, post extra lookouts, open
bridgewing doors, increase the freq of sound signals

infform master go more port and keep the vessel clear if necessary slow dwn or take all way off and
let the vessel overtake n then resume the passage brendon n kamlesh

ans-alter course to port justification-when u alter port,and u r forwd of her beam,she will not alter to
port for the vessel on the port side.hence u will be clear.

Q. 190) IALA buoyage system

Q. 191) R.O.R cards

Q. 192) what is TRS?

Tropical Revolving Storms which forms in Tropical regions. Northern hemisphere it moves towards
north and vice versa in Southern hemisphere.

Q. 193) how to calculate tides of primary and secondary port , write the procedure?

Q. 194) tricing pendent and bowsing tackle

tricing pendant is to secure boat when all the other lashings are removed to restrict swinging of boat.
bowsing in tackle is akind of 3 fold purchase made of manila rope to secure the boat along the
embarkation deck to restrict swinging while lowering

Q. 195) what is janus configuration?

Q. 196) Contents of Weekly Notices to mariners ?

Q. 197) DSC frequencies ?

Q. 198) controls of autopilot?

Q. 199) What is course recorder?how does it look?

Q. 200) Action when Manoverboard.

TWO PROLONG BLAST SHOUT MAN OVERBOARD THROUGH LIFE BOUY WITH SMOKE SIGNAL INFORM
MASTER KEEP A PROPER LOOK OUT TAKE IMMEDIATE ACTION TO AVOID THE PROPELLER TO RUN
OVER THE MAN ON WATER COMMENCE WILLIOM TURN CIRCLE

ITS THREE PROLONGED BLAST

I guess MOB marker on GPS must also be activated

shout man over board,immediately inform to master,give three long blast,hoist flag o.throw the mob
orange life buoy,keep proper look out on him,mark the position,avoid the man getting into
propeller,slow down the v/l,take a williamson turn,to rescue him,or launch a rescue boat,and rescue Q.
201) ror situation and explain by rule
Q. 202) AIS coastal requirement? asked 2 all vaaz cndidt.

ship engaged in coasal voyage above 500grt need to have AIS equipment fitted on board.

Q. 203) Explain Sight Calculation?

Q. 204) What are the errors of sextant?

INDEX ERROR ERROR OF PERPENDICULARITY COLLIMINATION ERROR SIDE ERROR

in addition there are some non-adjustable erroes graduation error,shade error,optical error, prismatic
error,telescopic error

Sextant Errors are of 2 Types: 1) Adjustable error, 2) Non Adjustable errors 1)Adjustable errors:
a)error of perpendicularity, b)Index error, c)Side error, d)Error of collimination 2)Non adjustable
Errors: a)Graduation Error, b)Shade Error, c)Optical Error, d)convex Error..

Q. 205) how many volumes of tide tables are there? name all?

Q. 206) duties as 2 officer during boat drill

Q. 207) how will you measure viibilty @night without radar or any other source nearby?

Q. 208) In narrow channel why will you sound 1 prolonged blast if intervening obstruction exists ?

to indicate d presence of ur vsl to other vsl whch is nt visible cuz of obstruction or bend of channel.

Q. 209) What is barometric tendency ?

change of pressure in last 3 three hours calculated by using d moving needle

Q. 210) How will you check ship is seaworthy ?

Q. 211) You are NUC vessel, RAM vessel approaching and risk of collision exit, your action ?

AS NUC AND RAM ARE CONSIDERED HAMPERED VESSEL,SINCE BOTH ARE AT RISK OF COLLISION
,BOTH VESSEL SHOULD REDUCE HER SPEED, STOP AND REVERSE HER PROPULSION BUT IT MAY BE
RELAXED TO RAM DUE HER DISPLACEMENT.

Q. 212) compasses compared and courses checked,error verified.how do verify compass error?

he explained the answer himself and said when u compare the compasses,you read the magnetic
compass heading so you check in deviation card what is the deviation for that heading and the
variation to be taken from chart so this is what is meant by"error verified"

Q. 213) Principle of Sextant,Echo sounder, Doppler log, G.P.S?

Q. 214) What are errors of echo sounder

VELOCITY ERROR DRAFT ERROR CROSS NOISE TRANSMISSION ERROR MULTIPLE ECHO FALSE ECHO

velocity of propagation in water, stylus speed error, pythagoras error, multiple echoes, thermal and
density layers, zero line adjustment error, cross noise, Aeration.

Q. 215) what do you understand by GHA, SHA and first point of aries
gha-it is angle at celestial pole contined between celestial meridain passing through greenwich and
observer measured westerly. sha-it is westerly anle at celestial pole measured between first point of
aries and observer. first point of aries-when ecliptic cross equinoctial from south to norrth it intersect
equinoctial call first point of aries

Q. 216) Responcibilty between fishing vessel , sailing vsl , P.D vessel , ram , nuc and cbd

Q. 217) how will you calculate search area ?

Q. 218) Own Power Driven V/L . You see RAM Dredger 5nm ahead state your actions ?

Q. 219) Squat and its factors ?

Q. 220) Pyrotechniques on bridge ?

12 rocket parachute flares

Q. 221) How is turning circle helpful to you ?

it provides d maneuvering characteristics of d vsl in prevailin circumstnces n condition...n hlps OOW in

taking timely action to avoid collision n strandin

Q. 222) RV vsl at stbd quarter ROC exist action? He placed another vsl to port action ?

Q. 223) You hear aground vessel fog signal forward of your beam in Restricted Visibilty, you are
heading towards it what will be your imm

1)follow your reciprocal course 2) check your charts and inform master

switch on ecosounder, see draft of aground vessel from AIS

ONE SHORT BLAST ALTER CO. TO STBD, REVERSE CO. AND INFORM MASTER

since th vessel is manouvering in restricted visibility we could take all way off and acess the
situation...then take action acordingly..

any avoiding action must be taken in ample time,maintain your engine at safe speed,in circumstances
of case admit as per the head on situation ,give one short blast alter the course to starboard side,that
is safe pass on the port side of other vessel

inform to master regarding risk of collision, as rule no 19 E. says reduce her speed to minimum at
which she can be kept on her course or stop and reverse propulsion because the area we area
entering is 1.shallow water 2.Putting at us in risk of collision or we may aground.

Q. 224) What do mean By Drop Anchor By Foot

DROP AN ANCHOR UNDERFOOT: LETTING AN ANCHOR GO TO THE BOTTOM, THEN HOLDINGON TO

THE BRAKE. THIS IS SOMETIMES DONT TO STEADY THE SHIPS HEAD AND PREVENT HER FROM
YAWING ABOUT WHEN LYING TO A SINGLE ANCHOR

Q. 225) what are all the additional precautions you will take into account for determining the safe
speed of ur vsl with operational RADAR

all as per rule number 6 safe speed part b.. (i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the
radar equipment; (ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use; (iii) the effect on radar
detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference; (iv) the possibility that small
vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range; (v) the
number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar; (vi) the more exact assessment of the
visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in
the vicinity. Every vessel: This point may have special significance with respect to vessels constrained
by their draught (CBD) or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre (RAM), which may not be justified in
maintaining a high speed when other vessels are in close proximity, because of their limited
manoeuvrability. Safe Speed: This is intended to be a used in a relative sense. If a ship is involved in
a collision, it does not necessarily follow that she was going too fast. In clear visibility, collisions can
generally be attributed to a bad lookout or to wrong decisions and actions subsequent to detection,
rather than to a high speed. At all times: A relatively high speed might be accepted as being initially
safe for a vessel using radar in Restricted Visibility in open waters, provided prompt action is taken to
bring the speed down, when radar information shows this to be necessary. Remember, as OOW, the
engines are at your disposal and you do not necessarily need to call the Master first. However, timely
warning to the ER should be given whenever possible. In order to maintain a safe speed at all times,
a continuous appraisal of changes in circumstances and conditions should be made and any necessary
alteration of speed must be instantly put into effect. Proper and Effective Action: A vessel may be
unable to take proper and effective action due to the speed being too high, or in some circumstances,
too low. There are some acronyms, which may help you to remember the order and important words
of both paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Rule. These are better discussed in class or on board ship,
rather than printed!

Q. 226) Flag NC ....

distress signal flag anexx iv

Q. 227) what are tidal streams and what are ebb and flood tide?

Q. 228) Llights and Shapes of RAM , dredger ?

Q. 229) Drift Angle ?

The horizontal angle between the axis of a ship and the tangent to its path.

Q. 230) What will happen if bottom plate of a fully filled DB tank is holed ?
Q. 231) Course Recorder ?

Q. 232) 5 miles u saw R-W-R lt in a vertical line. Identify vsl ROC exist action.

its a ram vessel ........ identify d ship weather she is at anchor or underway ,making way ......n thn
pass atleast 2 nm frm her , n call master and inform him ..

Q. 233) Magnetic compass correctors, five co efficients of magnetism in detail

No Comment for this MMD / MCA Oral Question 1 Surveyor asked Q. 234) How will you display 22.2 in
flag signalling method?you have only one 2 flag with substitutes and pendant?

hoist 2 (numerical) flag den 1st substitute den answering pendent den 2nd substitute...

Q. 235) a vsl of 100m length, which ran aground in RV ,you hv 2 go fwd for the ringing of bell, what
will you do ? how to start?

this will be 3short rings followed by contant ringing of the bell for 5 sec and then again 3 short rings
followed by a gong in the aft part of the vessel
wat does that means.??u have to go fwd for ringing the bell..bit unclear..plz xplain..

well in this case the bell was suppose to be operated manually by a person,, from the location,,

Q. 236) HOW WILL U DETERMINE NOON POSSITION?

Q. 237) what is g.d.o.p?

geometric dilution of precision

Q. 238) You Power Driven V/L in TSS overtaking another Power Driven V/L shoal patch what
precautions will you take ?

Q. 239) Tactical Diameter ?

Q. 240) What is bilging ?

Q. 241) Action seeing a rocket parachute on 3 points to stbd ?

Log down...inform master ...notify nearest coast station..prepare engine for maneuvering..plot
position..chck any notices or warning issued ,radio watch on vhf n mf/hf..consider xtra lookout..crew
to prepare for rescue..rescue party notified ..prepare hospital..once cnfrmed n adviced by CRS
proceed fr rescue and follw der order!!

Q. 242) own v/l PD target vsl-PD crossing frm port side range-8miles action nd by whch rule quote

Q. 243) SITUATION - In RV , vessel is right ahead 3 miles , wht is your action & wht signals

will altr co to stbd more thn 30 degre,large altration so it will be easily appernt to tht vsl

One short blast vl b given only when vsl is in sight of one another

we know about the vessel is on 3 miles only by radar,we have to wait for the vessel come in range of 2
miles and try to listen he their fog signal, if confirmed ,inform master and than give one short blast n
alter the course to stbd

its rv man ...no manoeuvring signal

if detected by radar, we will try to hear fog signal of other vessel as the range of fog signal is 1.5 -2
miles. as per rule 19 d we take avoiding action which consists wide alteration of course 2 stbd.

Q. 244) what is RULE no.4?

rule number 4 is applications ,, which states that all the rules contained in the section 1 of part b of
colregs apply to all the vessels in any condition of visiblity,,,,, RULE 4 Application. Rules in this section
apply in any condition of visibility. Or, to put it another way, the minute you go out on any water
covered by the Regulations, Rules 5-10 apply regardless.

Q. 245) FISHING VESSEL LIGHT?

all round light.upper is red and lower white in vertical line if making way side light and asern light and
out laying extsnding more than 150 m in horizontal direction all round white light toward the gear

asked Q. 246) what is pythagorous error and why it is most dangerous?

Q. 247) How to overtake in narrow channel,TSS and RV ?

Q. 248) Flags November and Charlie. What they stand for and draw them.

Q. 249) SITUATION - Right ahead Vessel aground action ?

Q. 250) Card no 52 ? How it differ from anchor light of a vessel ?

It is a partly submerged vessel .. may be a partly submerged tow . A RACON for example , it is not an
anchored vessel because the lights are in a same line ...it should have been like card no. 8 one higher
than the above ...i hope i have answered your question .. and plz tell me if i am right .

Q. 251) vertical positioning of lights

ROR annex 1.1

Q. 252) What is OSC wrt Iamsar Manual? WHat is the duties of OSC? what is MRCC, MCC,

check iamsar v3

OSC - On scene Coordinator MRCC - Maritime Rescue Coordination Center. MCC - Mission coordination
center LUT - Local User Terminal about duties of OSC refer IAMSAR vol3

Q. 253) how many types of MSI notices are there