AHINOU SUTTEE: BURKING A WIDOW WITH THE BODY OF HER LATE HUSBANDRe UasiroLs Suwopaip Faparmd FitGaGid Ancient Tamils and © Social Imbalances Horney BT. EWA orb Nunaviloor K.Wijeyaratnam PUBLISHERS CENTURY HOUSE 35, HAI 2JU, UKALLRE udra gs supa sepprud &teapir {ANCIENT TAMILS & SOCIAL IMBALANCES] Copyrights © 2010 Main Book © Nunaviloor Karthigeyan Wijeyaratnam: Foreword © Professor Kopan Mahadeva Commentary © Dr. Siva Thiagarajah Cover Design © Century House * NOTE: All Rights Reserved. No parts of this book may be reproduced, or stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from the copyright holders, except for short passages used in research, study or review, *It is hereby gratefully acknowledged that public domain material from Wikipedia and other sources have been used in the Cover Designs. and within the book. PRINTING DETAILS Book Format: Paperback, perfect bound Paper : 80 GSM Maplitho Size of book: Demmy (14 X 21cm Font size: 11 No. of Pages: xviii + 202 = 220 Typeset : Sri Vigneshwara Graphics No. of Copies: 1000 _ Binding : Stiching Printed by: K.V.R. Offset FIRST EDITION: 2010 ISBN: 978-1°873265-72-7 Publishers: CENTURY HOUSE, 35, HA1 2JU, MIDDLESEX, U.K. Assisted. by: MANIMEKALAI PIRASURAM, CHENNAI-17, TAMIL NAADU, S. INDIA +e sitvend EES icant Bpnmiueset 2 mBeDETé SeDLAoucoy SDD Betty! endunbp teu! FTSTH! sToEOSTL! ALUCGSOWWEDLIUE OeiyLd stoi Soneopu Brets Cups AerenersernGu.... Slert WSS Was HE. ofl.enjssepucciet DiGwow weeHld, ero $65 OG Curis Su Spaspsuyd, ugtnded Byeoofluyworrer... aedea, 506) ons GUC @ama-19) Siatsepeeid (B.Sc student in neuro-science, King's College University, London) Spi 2 sefuicinhs puter Oenépt Spunesde sesiesieowd apy SusGuag o6 senfooh Gyeomennat LESH AGCanensiny Hyereuded OUI SDWLILIBUAIgG ones eres Cust... Godot. JOCEN onhaGua Crseai-10) Sarieepseid (High view Primary School, Wallington, Surrey) songs Rico _nagy wast 8G. ofl.enpssepucsics weg sre Ci b Soogyfule mags Supe igs seugsGeusi oer Deneébouee SHSOTLLIGUSUG LIER... Godard. Oe al Ens @uE @iseai-12) Savisesseid (Wilson's Grammar School, Wallington, Surrey) SST SOLESUG wait HGwS weoireyHuder ib Gupgplh snes Rosen es ecue eo AAFwE SafikiGuei sei ieugiones... Goda. Foi Owwoneg @rseosi-1) Steutswesserb (St. Olave's Grammar School, Orpington, Kent) Sbpravs SofinedrCn.. BAMForeword: Professor Kopan Mahadeva, PhD, Hon DLitt CONTENTS GUiGeqLéat Quiyos: sorpg) Ae gslumegren Grovreifluiflat Seo [pu oltre: Bamralgyrig 1. aheuiys slob 1 Feasts OSH Broomb ssid TOSS ager ge ufleimo eistéAupd wells exgeomguid Utes ye unGib wenissl gBreony @SIOSGS GarGS5 GarGp Sosrmorssit DEeOswy wreilener wie mex eid 2 Laem Gumed Ogsradariniugy smGw Usted sup ampdense ips AGgwussupbd wiser pet Wer flmoraysenid uny GCumbgid 2 ee snsnerumreny wWersion Sips WSMEEGID Lexis emtd aqui 2uijtiuellesi. vi 10 34 67 93 102 11 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Wags Peotugoles Caretgnd Quiflens Upinypd Bpcupd sHSS Sib Georsaswuapd Sse arenpsFuyd Gruppe wis smb sig Brak MAGwyd Qossur pruseir Aeowduled GenriCan weenie welenwuyd Sse eiTeenemytd AspproCursnh Agacrepagw Oguicls gre AGgés@epend wésc solect soluys sotengrech Bhanu ewGd sips Sooreng ap Asroderitu GuG ged wiss ApredsmciMuoany LujSFawd usdoGSG wrgsarfignd POS sTgZme Gubp GS sg CodprGstapp merccupanpect LsAG Be~eopsepd siglo mau Quplwiygremr api Qesgeoem prose alleges eit oo0 109 115 123 130 138 146 153 161 169 178 185 192 196FOREWORD -Professor Kopan Mahadeva - PhD, MSc (Birm), Hon. DLitt, FIET, FRSPH, FCMI Founder of Century House; Founder & Patron of ELAB Mr. Karthigeyan Wijeyaratnam, the Author of this book, is a well- known writer from the northern ‘Tamil-Eelam’ region of the old and beautiful island of Sri Lanka. His birth-village is Nunaviloor. He now lives in London. He has already written over a hundred articles on Tamil literature and scientific topics, which have been published in Tamil newspapers and magazines in UK and abroad. He has authored three books of his own already, and contributed as co- author and co-editor to two more. The Human Brain That Excels Computers (Vamil, 2005); Essentials of English Grammar (English, 2007); and Honey Drops from Thol-Kaappiyam (Tamil, 2008) are the books. This is his fourth one. He was a major contributor to the Bilingual Anthology (2007) called Poonthunar (Perceptions), of our ELAB’s research-based creative articles and- poems on literature and social topics (ISBN: 1- 873265-52-2). He also co- edited my ‘75th Year Volume’ in 2009. vii Currently he is the official Co-ordinator of our ELAB [Eelavar Literature Academy of Britain) of which my wife Dr. Seethadevi and I are the Patrons. Our second Poonthunar is scheduled to be published in 2010. We are working frantically hard on it presently. Mr. Wijeyaratnam retired as a senior Superintendént.of-Audit from Sri Lanka Audit Service before he immigrated to UK. His work there included presentation of Annual Audit Reports of State Ministries, Departments, and Trade Corporations to Parliament. In this book he delves deeply and introspectively into ancient Tamils’ sodial customs and their consequent noteworthy injustices and imbalances ttiatare evidenced from Tamil literature and wider research. Three major articles of his appear on this major theme. These include aspects like Hindu women killing themselves by jumping into the same cremation-fires that burn the bodies of their dead husbands (in rituals called Suttee) and human sacrifice to gods and deities for personal gains under fallacious religious beliefs. Those chapters also deal with private or public self-immolation suicides triggered by social and political oppression at all ages. Additionally, the author decries the caste-based four-layered ancient ‘social justice system’ of Manu, that grants maximum privileges to Brahmin Priests, followed by Kings & Warriors, then the Merchant Classes, and finally, at the eternally suffering end of it all, varied Farming and Labour Classes. He evokes much sympathy and tears in readers’ eyes in these chapters. He has spiced up his book of 20 chapter-articles by also writing on his heroes: Mahathma Gandhi; Thol-kaappiyar who wrote our ‘most ancient’ Tamil Grammar-classic; 20th-century Tamil poet Kannathaasan; Ianko, author of Silappathikaaram (one of five bestknown, centuries-old Tamil epics)i andviii ‘Vhiruvalluvar (author of the 2000-years old ‘Tamil Testament’ Thirukkural, in 1330 couplets). His wide interests are evidenced by his articles on History of Human Evolution and the Earth, Literature created by the ‘Three Tamil Academies of Yore’, Story of the Fourth Tamil Academy, Life & Death, Gratitude as an Ethic, Marriage, Tamil Culture in the Modern World, Saivism as Suited to Our Times, Saivite’s Periya Puraanam, and Dubai’s ‘Tallest’ Burj Khalifa Tower (2010). Both Century House, and the Author, feel proud to have sought and obtained the active assistance and co-operation of Manimekalai Pirasuram of Chennai, South India. They are widely known in all parts of the world for promoting publication of contemporary works of Tamil writers, with special incentives as their dedicated service to Literature. This is our second book with Manimekalai. Century House is really pleased to publish this book by Mr. K. Wijeyaratnam, and we wish him the very best in coming years. PROFESSOR KOPAN MAHADEVA ooo Spngqeay sorhyH Aa. Hurayresr BSc, MB, BS, PhD Wortentignnn,.wydsigud, anuedigyw, sugtiriigyd Osho Gs PSS YO winpLuiTomds obs \ werrenGoo guises curs piemrealgnit sig Ymarealed wopbOswhs HG. 1. Maus sions Act ajasHand, qyenowullgud, stosroads sand, -1egs sand 2 sure st Geyser OsrGiious Brbisl eBid pred 2_miesit SIHEAMCO Souphs Caraingqgerapg. Dag QvsSwu QysousSw, QHHw ysrosr QHareniacier LAFsWSHGSw, Soioy seorenyO veinsud vjdgus SUMTASHBSw, SP uUTiflusd ufo smal Gwd; swan awoorsspet asihonaebewd srapiss Haybd at Geojact QbsS Breer HoMsNsHeaper. Mebeprond, yslulusd, 2uiifluicd SHU gimpasner AST OMGS GaretG copaler sHgiadsens (Darwinism) sow ussx AQSULLYGEEGW ‘uflemmo suenhssuser Cereus wells exyeorgy’ Soplaluisd Bisopusled UWayrrajsagse sifu NGpsre Siowspg!. 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AP apaojamsG Qo GugAgpsrs snub ceased sQULUTG gqgsedvonsv. sorpis Aa. jumrasyresr BSc, MB, BS, PhD, 24, Grand Drive, Raynes Park, London, SW20.0JT, UK O00xiv Brerdifiumer Oana” ‘Dleioncrupd Ustad pera Aswiend’ sauspslemmus TASG Oulepus Qryoyd sefss, stat Sngwends assed APMHAGSSGW CupEpreoy Ponssy aj, pret pbs wostemmen ‘pionreiled’ osengupb cot Guus cpa Posi, Genes apsirenpupd Ta WYYSD wesrer Cpbusfanmus sobs, YEP WSS Gosia wipsEfSGsE sot SompuGurdieouds Ger _mGHerGper. aremr eB. ‘op aiGS soiD sho smd57 prowl ups opashe Haoiowuled Prat QuvGareiGear sie Srmaw oyusieo Gompf Quuiftiumen \Ustehizei® (12) SSAuUTUMIGsMuyd an (poss 2.1 Cantu ist wend srs saimouled Camb sg. oud Tass BO) ws Sieneoroypuytd Sibseuit, Sysit, cuani Ceunreny sist BIE’ SLenw-ipenp oie tutengrasds SMLgs Csapry. 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Wijeyaratnam, MAAT, SLAS; Co-ordinator: Eelavar Literature Academy of Britain (ELAB); Retired Audit Superintendent, Sri Lanka; 86, Sangley Road, Catford, London, SE6 2JP; United Kingdom; Telephone (UK): 020 8695 1255; E-mail: wijey@talktalk.net] ooo Oésmanama, O1G65 Hep sab (Obs algedpl Lifaingu: wetensact silenp GEASS Sir srg Garang Ys THEME Sowvdsg Aauds sHlop anjsa absery. oiouj SiolPetured emligus ema Upd HSS Up usdeoruspid tysveujaencn 2 FOMAUG. SMSAOL UST PIOSEHD aUpbSor. QE shismuscit WMenpsu (1) Zenevs ered, (2) Qmrs shied, (3) SMLs smiBld aa Guus Guphebse. QF Fmanaecha aque sreow eaupanissas Asrarntmulss as Osrexigpng (9,990) HYLoiGsomgGd acug oes sHssrqw. Qsed 197 unesrigu WeIETTSEHL, 8,598 lores enid b GuBMEbSey. sos shied AL. SGahagpagsGe Ver) eosprd ErGraige Cogaypg siiuh Aboaronjash. se Sup. (Squsepugqgse lps) suomi ugsgsrusigid (10,000) yomGacilaba SOD Gompf sss silprs suonhbe abs Osraiow Oselansepg. Qs ward svlep cunpsgy abs uTeingu werenjast Cummliu Ceusinguieiysct2 + usir@Ls SDE sapsmuds S&aGid HOOF FHS Foose shed Soon GanrciteniuL Osi wHInguIed Senwbg Bday mips wenjss apse. QBsled Qeogusnny crsirisiy SOO AHsSH. Qaos “Hyd afss olflemrd say” sag sageuy. Qe smadsled 4,449 yay upp cysoouyasit epiviatts BQoepHLsI un ulLdsomor Qubhey. oessHweonsy, Gonuamnys, EACHH5S CwsGarct, Huis Apoustt, capyedAuyy Yopamusy gCuns swiyoajscheo gq Aovgreuy. o1sslund, UPUTLS, (PHLIOT, HHGGS, Safumaley ssw souyacit Quai proach Aare. QF smisld 4,440 greiiGacit Plone AMPHS UG SL ovsionouyjst FHGWD HSuysiong. Qhgisait seonooe FHS HOST SFFOOUYyO SPiHICuTU oMLLor. Q&S sSrevls uGg*luied 89 LiTeinQUI WeteITssH WEIoOyeOuU BiG sed HOlemipuyid ouonpsor appa. Qoré Fmaw Qo.cé «Hed Go ACorG myW sSuTLYTs Hed MDOWHH GHD. QF FHFSHSG (YPHSS Sait Snomw assgHay. Baws ‘Sap abs GwyCarsd’ acignd sags. Agagemgnd QF F155 HSGS SOOCSOW aD dg wionHragybd Ow CeussuyosG. Gams ‘Hiamed Canmore’ acsigud agi. Qe smiedsod 3,700 yootact SOpLUc quiiery. Ostodarnincm), QoEbmsuyya SGnCaryplCorA, Heoywetomat, Gakoayje srullwer, Aus ITH, Zianjé Comore, Sons og ACuny sitnyoouyeericd 2G Aogray. Osrdantuiud, GHG, GCevsieor, aflumprorenso, Dad, 50 Cursipo Quyomjact Quibiu proach gG AmanGw. QF shad 3,700 jyeiGach amppAGbSa. Qasr! uGsuled smasgoet 59 umevingu wetrenf seit QsiLiy Cara sHop anissay. sur_ys~pwo sro Garston Gurpg Bors smadsgist Cojjs ois seer Hrdsepd wreiG® Curufer. syed Agsrevamtufund stop gyreo ec Hwl Gd s.9Caered aeturctg sSovueiong. Cwoand Gio 3 gyi sn. Aewns Bomb + ———___________ Bienimetiggm sn.cteugs sem Asroaru BTYSG SS Qei@errq pravron Howposy AGwsS pw se wpCareied ASUULTG FOISGstoiI_g). Beno Aswalas Gewevreonned. SOLE Fed GOLF FHS 2 FSHTWRenguled Popaliucyvobsy. Qe FHIGHHOd 449 yovouysoit HOP ouongtufannd, ayleiaynd FOUL OG bse. Bajana, Agorsrohuns, Cob sby sorry. Bayo wyernrh, CuEHesrpMI SATs, Qonb Sc orpe, Wao] BAG Berogircnniy, WHIT WGSMonprEiny, somdarusaniy waren pPSSoay sroiCuniy 9G Aspro. Qo yooyasit Quy HIdVSGHS OBEPOSTars, SHO, YOSOD. RUDE. Sesrang, vPomLUD. 150 56, 70 ufumsd, sa55), ouf, AgHeoms, Cuffs Cunsiy girevacit 9G Avoigsd. QF shaspSHor oumpprsir 1,850 qoiGsonmeo. OQ’ SIO UGPFluled 49 unswigu wsionjsot OF snssseoi CaN IL MGS Soop omnis sajy. Qsenasrorssod Soauiynar 9G UTLsd paid Sot AGalonomum oy sod, Basar syaCunc5ot BLAdHeay sroiuy. (According to late legends the Third Tamil Sangam operated on the inks of the Sacred Pond of Golden Lotuses in Madurai.)4 + ues BUG sapsmws FiGaGd QF smad5 Hoo usgtumG, ot GSO5rms sya ud Csorssir Copswnse Hrdact ppsa. sorésmiads srodssiod sop QosSund GugGbd ys SlLowg. Qb srovid waeny oupoomppler omyls Agios CupMEbss. asisd Fa soflep Gps arjomnis Qs med H1.. qpammbd Brbpreiigs Gono Gonovbs ALL H. Qsaiwle Grombd ErpMraIG Cpsed gptb BrpopretGoreny snes assed wasnguied CoCormiad QoEbSS. OSH sorts USGHuUId ug*Gorait Spsaomse prevaci, gdGugd slut, RebAp sriituid gs Hrosemibd siapHser. FOOYOD FSMOYVOBUISS OSI_fhs Gd Ow YsérHshane smouTens Gurguieuts usstuflywb (10,000) AswiGsonra Cusls srHpigs SHonpuyd anjf5s GuGsnw imevingus WeTTEOHSE ©PFsrrmw Co sovi.md. Qauyse Cromer Cums YSPHS unpre Ceueingui Gsweorew. prewKemd gswWhps sFrireid QM praamd sOps shad Corau agony upd SroiCund. wreiyoLu sHpoieurenGid wHGHayoner ‘ous ym bs (Vajra Nandhi) etetuaiy sanavenuled Q@ Biiids smBdons waiengusied Foes 2 GardHeay. git Osi praiamd Spe smisid sieitgy smMlsaiuraledrene. csoCu Qa “asyr pHs Suwips sms” acy Guufies Ag stoob amy QusGarcingGDHsB- Hoist 19-gyb BMbipreinje sipy wssuleo OG yspomnysA ghulG 2. Ca. emipronguy, srCorspbsitonen CursiCprs =QGo Pooled vonaybhess usitem.wu sidip QosAumanens Cog, aymriba, Osr@sH, osGapoH, oomtufu OsraiGsst uo Crug 2 Sieay. GéarvsHed SoipT Hid vewtonrus Yep Hlomvse oy ollgidcileni. DiHerooule swiip arsitonovie CursigMissnls CHGS qd WHS! afpTul GHTFAUTGSSwW 21-03-1867 Qed cpapraugs ware ured gienys Caos Caroilerny. Qos Qend suusled sei Beumeigmiancflewgssond + 5 Bhosuras Qwbs. Cessf sQumenpfei Soares sonjba asi. Gout sedroll aspods SOPonud. Avisos sid sven GubBL UsdrgionGBl ysoouyTaeyed LuTersogTsoyte Dy wpraysHod amps opsry. Ba ew Apbs Cussrony. us Qwaseyoqw Cesrgy GanROuMPoyscr QybH yop CupAapsMy. Gory Qiroprsygd urmapssHHBSw Cougy Ae A[WMS HSS GHPlod werenyraseyd Happs Paandithurai Thevar GwuCsromd sygsnis sodvayrfuiled (21.03.1867- 11.12.1911) SUpL CupTAPUgIGSS omess 2 Cou. FMIGTS QUWHSS Cousiiqu HSujpZolsepd Upibesip. ost GUpCUDTS, “YB GuurGeit Geussimoreneo” ‘waniliasnev’, Qsiad us groan Gousfui Gd 2 selon. sop pm Gs sLale atius of coonflu suuGem os siiiper o. 2. ASWUIBTTHSS Oiong Qout gf Qoolaw Gums CaIiGHHISoMWsnwowyid FoG Cordahurvg. Cogud, Qouy ‘MFAFAGUIPMBSMEN won Qynosnl gpsSuty 2 solu ot OeroulL Gotronnh OsbaOw aonjhs CrguDasctier wpled ass GBPo wiry asians ura dsiongs Ceougid, Cag Feo shpgeurenqw Csi be Uplssrafiu syensnwulgystion Bybasumreilett weiengused 14-09-1901- Qb AsSHwoigy waleoy Cegus ew umsnensvuid OG Bioipe FHSHOS OC GMSGUSHTS OG mir seMFdH Saligery. id YEH wLSHed CuyPerpacit o Bou. smilprs uss, wWengiwsneo 1s, Qyras Mumia, Gsred Coybsy sFovirupewd Usitenen, PAGwuiens ses pHid sions, onb.srrv. yfoonaseus Uottanor, 4 Canc Aouongssrfuny, Gfur Bryrwen srsasHH, AGwemd GecruGsseu YSOuTT, UstaSany BrTuemsnd guusi Qe uy VaGup HL Lirsiigd gongs Coon ungrys Cecipeny.6 + UsMTOLS Smid sapgnwé F1CaGd BS ww psig ErLact FOL_Oubper. Breas) Brena Brem sop shad sanG@ijuuemd Gsuig Asma MASSUULLD. QSEHGF CoS GIGLI GuG ausitensd utrovay Cr gus) Uso AGHHagrad soba CoraiG ApUISAGbS. Dope wet YFenanac QobSow srjorors OF shaw ‘praianh wgeoss SU~s shied’ am ghHsGarnonULLg. uTsnQsSginpsCHouy BQéE sMaSHer sSrdwuronpragyd, sovagraqd uedumbs apsrh Brom FMps smisb o Gare o05 Hasse GQ) Cegug) Gsisiwt> seorstes, (2) uneiQUEH YsSS rane, (3) Gre gyms eran ayslucreyd Bgewiucen. (1) Gegiug) GepsuUld Soorstemsouficd (o1) UigCas ustQ si, (2) UTED Liexing si, @) usinss q8uw qparger Guys SLUIBSUULGU Uflersracfian ASA suiHwaysepo@qu ulLwehiy APSE HorOubpe. Pas uyds wremaujyscse Qonsr Lamy, SAGO asSuyid oofldstucLrer ufiLensuled sila ystiohect Gusgé AgR augwajgsst upsehsgs OssAlésuucLeny. Gost Gama_emd prong, snymonesembd SPsrmOiuicionn mACuneys EPILULeomo. (2) ureiiguet ysserTOo OG BH Poouwrs WHEW. QHETo HoowsHsG Bulyssa ara USHSHGMenuY _gLOF soujemsnuyd CrgusHuyb, umesingdssiongs CzaGb CarGsgisaleny. GB) Bre aymiéA sree sisUG |G Hled Ayley Ponsowd. Bb Poowdsse us yooussend, Quiamenjsend siip Qosdus Bugs S.15H sions SOs smi apooid Gerefuieeny. CHuGsGF GsrHswro, wgienguler arGesh GasGaied AOLOFHAGHS 9G wrelosou siaf sOps smaS Hse FACsTOLuTEs Oar GsHSMeny. Qs wrealmsuldsrer sole SHS UD Aoife Oswpuig. Gay ‘sdb upd sflgw’ sisted Zoviwled, sop prs ayorhbopns Osrgse Pieanrehant an.flewssSerb + 7 slGoyamnaé ‘Csbswhd’ isin wisé sehFomauled cops Causfui Geren. Cognd, ‘Aargrenygid wpgGact sreugséibsy’, ‘sregrmCggen ay) use’, Seal i or GATS ot QyCeo_wexflorens’, ‘sefliumedasi’, ‘gyms ugwyengacit, Yslyorsct solu’, ‘uci@nd AgLG’, ‘nsawgef’, ‘qweiGumger’ Cuts us Breeomsnupd winds Covers Goionny. fet QosHuic uieoAuier Apis aGsgordsdlenygon. asined Tos Hop sC5auy, sre Coiba Poalus reo SOPs FHGSHO usHsH Qos Gast Lemur is Berg BIpUdomsbSTUg! (45) ougsd 11-12-1911 sb HaSweirgy Qenpersng CsjHsrs. Bay QAntured sop procs sraeromrds serseouied Abbsay. Qeufler Ver QF shies PlensvtiurGsct snersguwd YaCuIosaBs CSsEpOO SOL HS oLrar. Qos wompsrenid Bay yop Qaignd wsscfor.Cu CuswulG agains. ulgslaree un Ooh, pratamd SOs sHiad Ogn pied ubapsy unpHsrsoi wIds Veto (pl urdsefet uTbislensuyd sremtCumb. apsed, Qo, SHLF smEtIsment Cured Oefupd gw suilps FHESOS SiMwUiGusi creigi sau susionsd ures gionys CHouflar saihony Bimawssery Oot su supra QareheCwgnd piduesledenc. “Bofors sols smisid sresCuair 96655 wWsNeo smoré Fhe CuToCa ams Csreier uineiipdgings CHa Gerevenco Qeimoawasd speed BUC Bedencv.” Gangs pret Qesver wgienguted roomd SOE sixes, Pleveneucs Cured aifibs, BOISE TOSS. SuUIEAGHS siiipfier sy gud, UT, Spey Spend CoG gol Cupp. Qors sorgorip Mawes awe Pleapgsi.8 + LeCIOLS FUpHb sepsnws FiCaGid “MWbSS sou Gseimpret FevCa Mbsa wgiengs SUpPs suis Floor SUWGSS sSHipfe arid uta epale Grweand wWefliser ”ivCar.” UpCas usingss, UT UsiQS), LoiQST au aps Ws Haro AGiysosn SLB, Spfaleromnauuyd wrens Horhensupd QO.SOSHbH, wrea- uIghHs uso HOD QodsHwumssnens Csdemiots UGSAU YspsGamg gH Perpret ousitersd cirsings Hinge Csouy. “yous agi aps usm sere Ysteniouler wreniouler siete 2 MLSS uAsop Qvbsu wre giorgsgsrait Lists gieopsCeac yspsGarg ahs seit.” SOLE FHESOH O&O GHOMSHU wMoinigu wena o say GugagQsCy, Usiort uneinsgings Cooyrat Upbgi prev BOLE sHahosH O05 wgnjguld Hyun ceigud Hoot sap Q_siteney. YFenstscier: Guus sepbs sop Cwand, Wpsemietisente (1) gens Fmeb, (2) Qore smieb, (3) SmLé FH aap Quujsct opSbES sre uGsladie sappsaan? awQprgG Casal sapseaipgi. SOOF FHS STOSHSG YR QG FHS Qavdaorsg GS sitshasass ‘sous shied’, smog “Ups seid’ Tap Cuugasst so9wassG QArepaiG. ayn ‘Qeors FSO’, ‘smorg FMS’ sep Auufedt BB S5558 STOUUGHUle oTHMSHGSSCH Cpigung.. geese Geo, SOLE SMEHEEGSS Ver SaiGbd gu sFHsb 2 Gamewr? agus sith Gsfurgs ofiwwd. sear ‘Qeorg emis’, ‘semLé smieb’ cei Guujadt semré shad doeapp us ETO AeiGact Geratp ete@y, QafCned sixteaowsd srossied CadnrG shied Corapigi am gf siapblilans Pismnelenit sn.clswrssonb + 9 Oseflarés ALophpe Veiysret ‘Qeoré suew’, ‘sore eee’ coat GQuugsan magsslGuug aTeug Apsafardieps. Cogid, Qéematiasne ‘Qyosimd ene’, ‘epsipmd smab’ cep Quwujascnmed sider! UuG*Peasefled AOpPZAGHSTO 29 Apore QGEPsPHGEsGwW stetugid ad 555510 FidafHurads Coraigelps. (pale, Gefuy, boiGd gG 2 wad sib shied Odbuiowuts 2 Furs CowiGid seis ond gor. Qe FHESAG CHa whale CoomeuutsCey Simwwisyd CousvstGio. SHGSSBTE, YTS (pF FISHBONE Q5H ond ygslus sriwrd BsHurale ysdb YS OPS wgeoy wmpa/flGoCwu AOWUCASIEd. 211 AnbsS yous EGpmbd genprss, sip BG sofa gro, sib Qedslw womd usin, LOpTppraAGect Hovsg omg, 2 sds sSwlpodacit cdorenTU Bm9s Crcipg Sips ampalume seomaflss HpsCasiG. Qos 2 vas Hil oGeseofer svlagoabd QopeA Coursing Ppsonpsy. (srpoy — alyesef ang Aaehyed 11-01-2009 & 01-02-2009) (Qeetiat 51. Ogrefunes Arigiut-péCpruy 2008) (Qoetrat siiyy pscisies - Arigibuy 2008) O000 + Uieonglo aloqié Huy aie algabamlib Wass, eon, upeer, omjoion, wylb, stoi, Gey, Game Cure eulflemact omnpCacmt Gunes gf Agu BZmeUGHAHH. Qu unqs Gd QEulro Canosa Sous MHASH Hoig apsaHOsnsiyGsGwd poy geiug aflws Sansiaafed geipror YUM. YWued wl Gidsret 2_uIflertescir AITMPUPOUL. LGM GS CanctacoMad ouiflend amp pow. Ywuiled ashen Bi, SmBH. Goad 2B 2_uifleriesnen oumip oOMdHAo por. Qroreodsznor wwlujid culy Cubs Ameuyrsir (Hoare gett ongy. Henne n.clsugssemd + 11 sefgd Gfluisr Perens ywWuypd Qsdrone. ge wieopw IL GS HSHSEHd Quis! OPHHAIGW. coma EPs Ips SOHO STOACLIMD. QE SEPleoods Com _uTewgestuig (Theory) 1600 Gang aniGamaqgua gh SLgQw BLFsxAgd olesumed SPSHUUCLG DHS GoughOutedl igja, soimvsonons sPgersir YH UL epord CooCupH GHGS Coremapdsoron Quswirg, Aoronus COarGs55. OH VABRPHA, AjUYy, Cephey BIAWog oH AMojquGs Hug. QDsore Gah Cgr@Aaot Gatquen gH wAHuiIey Gatubd CuGgsiwug. QeiGoruw GachCwyp wpqwrg Cog SOUOUGOLILID IaIQsSOaraig. HoMed Gyomuy (Hydrogen) enfeSunomas (Helium) siepuomiobd Cubm 9G BLedAyw (T.Tauri) Siuiigdsg HEH OG Gust o Gamuigg. Qe Efluc 460 Camo Dewars Ahopasoy WarAdsa afb g@araigGadeangy. SHYous wormed Csr AGHSHed sipFuror ga, Lire, HSb, aGodund Cursiporsy HoaowppHGHBO. SAHyorst wevin_eorssHeir UpiyHABreT yw. Bi usrongy 457 Cang qxiGamsqupat Cara Mu@serug. Jag YW ABeuYs Cannwores GSflMMTiCutsd aPHHCsSrosiQ OHSS. Coin srosHenier ysuosr CoiuTiy Goths Aum PHS. sparred yur omowls uss Qeirgud Csr QHsAaDs YA Gay, Coakaeyid Gating, Gugwenp Guuig, BF Glace unibs Conde srodrasit Caroiighar. ywouiled 453 Cong otc oG Her Camerphuigy. Bal ywuied gHuci wmpoGemenupd, sed CarenHur Luiflrmismenupo, wes Corsini upsppsonenuy, Jari eT a ugsAlaomonuyid sirevitGumb. * iwlufes 400 Cary syont_onafes 2 ul lenni sot CoraiMuUGssers sag sqsluGAps ¢ 350 Cam QxiGamaGupa sSray Qemovasct usd Cupp Lerma sumfsGno sray gel Qenuundeid Qug per.12 + UGIOLS SODGb sepsrws F1GaGd 260 Cam gyci_enaled Sflaucion 2 ulpepis Feiayacit sZeorulgud Cereigpler. 230 Camg gyeitenaied 2 ulgaid Gaps sucfwesireobd CararMug. 100 Cary QaiGamsquypat sromnaiast Caratpen. Slag 70 Carp AeaiGanrs ampba aGgeleper. 53 Garg QaiGaméeguya ae. Wai sai YaGargudyieat Csraiglen. 45 Cargo Qai GES GYR OL Os CsrG6oLwW Gowmuyo 2uiflanaee 9G same Uren (Arthropods) pfSeGps HaossHed amps Csr misugi 38 Carg AeiGaa@squwat pipers (Tetrapods) Usraac salNGig Csreiple. Qoa pidGbH savou Geteflulles PCioé saurdlsess Ogre risen. OCs srauugsuls wsorag YaGegiby Gurigisu gay SonG@sepd CgHrergfen. 36 Cane QoiGaciaad sragmast aloszeeens 5b aSgdsséaras shgisalen. 31 Camg aesGaofsd uTgmyaect, Upsneusci, oafaior Carat plan. 23 Camo goiGaaferapes onthe Geedvand inGugid Meaowg@aecet (Dinosaurs) Carerpon. 15 Came aeiGacfed upmouregid uptiuceyppeid caAfATapMBEd Qeortucr. ef sislews upsma (Archaeopteryx) Qemb @greipugi. 7 Cong QyoiGS srotuggsuiled urgmiysct Ouflsrs ANT HH. Heart sncleugssemb + 13 —. SS een rn ot Meu 5 SOT © 3 Carp Qexttcrafles Alo uTgMepsct @Lredfet Vasnss BHdeS Si@wbuler. © 20 Sots xyes _enailed O59 ves gyifléar alles Cgsrairglenrar. e GG (08) Garvey Ao GSaGs Gye OpGuvlar UpCuraws ssa SLOUUGS Hb Asmmcouwds beset Oupgé Qerettrar. O Fors aeiGcaaseupar AMES 9G Fw aidan GMA AG wyllonrayls, Csrenpadieir QAPIA suroedrons Gyre Bomb abs Boiss Bei GSwbaQU -yipansv1 Guin. Bs% wom aumpsAupd Mesures GuGswg). 20 Ber.sw Aor Qisx ounevors Guslasos wells, enone AMSUUGSSUILLG. was Qed Qe SIQIIO UTETL Grd Dens Heir GIGS EGbusMss Coppsg. walls Gash Ow Opemaus 2 pale FAlbusiAunew. (Chimpanzee). BB AoiampP§[Ggss weilser SILLS CEreiPorn@ersiiss, be PHF sl previa sHGes F}PIUMBUD sHrowiCumw. © Uywer ser Cweflenw BG aprae oq UuGsleow AYMTEY wH uGSieOul Cussitearsayd Czrenplanre. - @:32) * Leelee PRCugpssrad Mjwer SH amu Gb a Ugrwem enenuyis, Corot safe Gp a FS Siflusen caus, OgsroLschIGSG maueenuys, UTpHscheN Gs SSMumupd gapsfssé Ceuigre. - (:31) usdeSlemted Sint etd Yopous Fréal, Canenyts usvenevd GOBSS, GTOomenomusuyio AON TAQ STANILD CO LIUY LD EPQUGSSUULL Ow wee geir SOBUUSGHEG FHaTweowp 5s. ALUGASGD wellsQrsewb 2 siren Liflemmo eieniee TONS Gd FRO MSG 2 of omgsal_u USS WLHG® wAQugrs14 + ueimreoLs sOpGb swstué FiGSGD DASTAMSSUILLG. 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