IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)

e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727, Volume 16, Issue 5, Ver. I (Sep Oct. 2014), PP 25-30
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User Authorized Car Parking System

Raghav Agrawal Nishi Gupta Raj Surve

B.E.I.T(pursuing) B.E.I.T(pursuing) B.E.I.T(pursuing)
Thakur College Of Thakur College Of Thakur College Of
Engineering And Technology Engineering And Technology Engineering And Technology
University of Mumbai University of Mumbai University of Mumbai

Abstract: ZigBee based car parking uses a microcontroller along with sensing circuits monitoring entry and
exit of cars. The car owners are allowed an entry only when their ZigBee transceiver installed in car is
authorized. An H-bridge arrangement operates the entry and exit boom motors operating clockwise and
anticlockwise for opening and closing. Upon every entry of a car the parking availability gets reduced by one
number while every exit the number increases. A standard power supply is used. A seven segment display
displays the status. A switch is used in place of ZigBee for minimizing the project cost. ZigBee based car parking
system will replace the traditional parking system, where the gatekeeper would open the gates once the car
arrived. The gatekeeper would validate the car owner for entry. Once the owner is found legit a parking ticket
would be issued to the owner in exchange of appropriate parking charges.
Keywords: ZigBee,Transceiver,Entry,Car,Authorize.

I. Introduction
The User Authorized Car Parking System is a new approach towards the traditional parking system. The system
aims at transforming the gate keeping's tedious task to automate authorization and gate opening and closing
mechanism. Our system works on the authorization process that is done with the help of ZigBee
transceivers.The system first detects the vehicle's entry into the premises by using IR sensors. Once the vehicle
is about to enter the user has to blink his dipper to activate the IR sensor. This activates the ZigBee at the gate
and it detects other ZigBee transceivers installed in the car. The ZigBee then verifies the authorized. The motor
rotates clockwise once the sensor recognizes legible user.The system also provides the number of car parking
availabe and is displayed on a seven segment display.The project requires a sensing circuits and a
microcontroller to monitor the entry and exits of cars.

Fig 1: ZigBee Module Pin Diagram

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User Authorized Parking System

The User Authorized Parking System using ZigBee is a revolutionary move against the tedious process of gate
keeping and authorization. The system will implement embedded system with the help of microcontroller and
ZigBee transceivers. The vehicle would stand at the entry of the parking premises. The user will then authorize
himself with the ZigBee transceivers and the gate would open if the owner is legitimate. The project would be
implemented in commercial as well as residential complex and premises. The added feature of this system is that
the cost charging system. Once the car enters the premise specific charge is deducted from the card. The owner
has to recharge the card on monthly basis.
The survey literature gave us an insight towards the daily problem faced by the gate keeper and owner.
The problem was uniform across the residential and commercial premises. Since the project can be implemented
both commercially and residentially, the system can be used for personal use as well.[2][3]

Fig 2: Transmitter & Receiver Block Diagram

System Operation:-

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User Authorized Parking System

Based on the setup, the gate must open whenever an authorized users car will come towards the gate and it
should not open if the car does not belong to the premises. This process will be as follows:-
1.Car arrives at the gate with a ZigBee transceiver on its name plate or on the windshield.
2.ZigBee transceiver will be placed at some location from where it can scan the ZigBee transceiver on the car.
3.These details will be sent to the system to match the authentication details i.e. the details scanned from the
transceiver on the car.
4.Details of all the authorized users will be already saved in the database before setting up the system.
5.If the details match in the database or do not match then the system sends a command to the gate module
which may be an accept or deny command.
6.Based on these commands the gate will open or close depending on the matchup of the credentials in the
database(microcontroller storage).
7.The opening and closing of the gate will be shown by a fan with the help of a DC motor, the fan will rotate in
clockwise direction to show the opening of the gate and will rotate in anti-clockwise direction to show the
closing of the gate.
8.Thus,this process will reserve the parking space for the authorized users who stay in the premises by not
allowing the unauthorized cars to enter the premises and park their cars.[5]

II. Types of ZigBee Topologies

ZigBee uses the IEEE 802.15.4 2003 specification for its physical layer and MAC layer. IEEE 802.15.4 offers
star, tree, cluster tree, and mesh topologies; however, ZigBee supports only star, tree, and mesh topologies.
It uses an association hierarchy; a device joining the network can either be a router or an end device, and routers
can accept more devices.

Star topology: The star topology consists of a coordinator and several end devices (nodes), as shown in Figure
2.2. In this topology, the end device communicates only with the coordinator. Any packet exchange between end
devices must go through the coordinator. The disadvantage of this topology is the operation of the network
depends on the coordinator of the network, and because all packets between devices must go through
coordinator, the coordinator may become bottlenecked. Also, there is no alternative path from the source to the
destination. The advantage of star topology is that it is simple and packets go through at most two hops to reach
their destination.

Figure 2.2 Star topology

Tree topology: In this topology, the network consists of a central node (root tree), which is a coordinator,
several routers, and end devices, as shown in Figure 2.3. The function of the router is to extend the network
coverage. The end nodes that are connected to the coordinator or the routers are called children. Only routers
and the coordinator can have children. Each end device is only able to communicate with its parent (router or
coordinator). The coordinator and routers can have children and, therefore, are the only devices that can be

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User Authorized Parking System

parents. An end device cannot have children and, therefore, may not be a parent. A special case of tree topology
is called a cluster tree topology.

Figure 2.3 Tree topology

The disadvantages of tree topology are
a. If one of the parents becomes disabled, the children of the disable parent cannot communicate with
other devices in the network.
b. Even if two nodes are geographically close to each other, they cannot communicate directly.
Mesh topology: Mesh topology, also referred to as a peer-to-peer network, consists of one coordinator,
several routers, and end devices, as shown in Figure 2.4 . The following are the characteristics of a mesh
topology:
A mesh topology is a multihop network; packets pass through multiple hops to reac
h their destination.
The range of a network can be increased by adding more devices to the network.
It can eliminate dead zones.
A mesh topology is self-healing, meaning during transmission, if a path fails, the node will find an
alternate path to the destination.
Devices can be close to each other so that they use less power.
Adding or removing a device is easy.
Any source device can communicate with any destination device in the network.
Compared with star topology, mesh topology requires greater overhead.
Mesh routing uses a more complex routing protocol than a star topology.

Figure 2.4 Mesh topology

III. Conclusion and future work

User Authorized Car Parking System would be helpful in many areas. Integrated with latest technology and tools
the system can be implemented for smooth functioning of the parking process which was tedious before.
ZigBee based car parking system will replace the traditional parking system, where the gatekeeper
would open the gates once the car arrived. The gatekeeper would validate the car owner for entry. Once the

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User Authorized Parking System

owner is found legit a parking ticket would be issued to the owner in exchange of appropriate parking charges.
The system would be effective in areas where pay and park facility is available. The project can be implemented
in Malls, parks, Parking accommodation by Municipality, Railway Stations, Airport etc. It can also be
implemented in residential areas where parking is charged on monthly basis.The system can be integrated with
web technologies for further advancement in the parking system.The system would be able to generate a parking
ticket that would be send to the owner at the time of entry. The owner can then park the car in the slot given in
the ticket.We can also implement machine learning in the system. Through which the system will switch on by
learning the daily arrival time of the owner. This will enable power saving and efficiency of the system.[6][7]

References

[1] Poorva Parkhi, Snehal Thakur, Sonakshi Chauhan, "RFID-based Parking Management System ", International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2014

[2] Karma Tsheten Dorjee, Deepak Rasaily, Bishal Cintury, "RFID-Based Automatic Vehicle Parking System Using Microcontroller",
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, Volume 32, Issue 4, February 2016

[3] Supriya Sunil Kadam, Monali Manoj Desai, Priyanka Ganpati Deshmukh, Vijaymala Sadashiv Shinde, " RFID-Based Automatic Vehicle
Parking System Using Microcontroller", International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology , Volume 3, Issue 4, March 2015

[4] Kanchan Kaushal, Taranvir Kaur, Jaspinder Kaur, " ZigBee based Wireless Sensor Networks ", International Journal of Computer
Science and Information Technologies, Volume 5, Issue 6, March 2014

[5] Nisha Ashok Somani and Yask Patel, ZigBee: A Low Power Wireless Technology For Industrial Applications , International Journal
of Control Theory and Computer Modelling, Vol.2, No.3, May 2012

[6] Khusvinder Gill, Shuang-Hua Yang, Fang Yao, and Xin Lu, A ZigBee-Based Home Automation System, IEEE Transactions on
Consumer Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 2, MAY 2009

[7] Boris Mihajlov and Mitko Bogdanoski , Overview and Analysis of the Performances of ZigBee based Wireless Sensor Networks,

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